US20070216831A1 - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents
Liquid crystal display Download PDFInfo
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- US20070216831A1 US20070216831A1 US11/686,675 US68667507A US2007216831A1 US 20070216831 A1 US20070216831 A1 US 20070216831A1 US 68667507 A US68667507 A US 68667507A US 2007216831 A1 US2007216831 A1 US 2007216831A1
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- protrusion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133707—Structures for producing distorted electric fields, e.g. bumps, protrusions, recesses, slits in pixel electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
- G02F1/133757—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle with different alignment orientations
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
A liquid crystal display includes a first insulating substrate, thin transistors formed on the first insulating substrate, and pixel electrodes connected to the thin film transistors each with an opening pattern. A second insulating substrate faces the first insulating substrate. A black matrix and color filters are formed on the second insulating substrate, and a common electrode covers the black matrix and the color filters. A protrusion pattern is formed on the common electrode. The protrusion pattern is pillar-shaped with top and bottom sides. The top and bottom sides of the protrusion pattern are shaped with a circle, a rectangle, or a rectangle with curved edges. The protrusion pattern includes a protrusion having a relatively small thickness, and a protrusion having a relatively large thickness. The former protrusion is used for domain partitioning, and the latter protrusion is used as a spacer. A vertical alignment layer is internally formed on the substrates, and a liquid crystal is injected in-between the substrates. Polarizing plates are externally attached to the substrates, respectively. A bi-axial film and a λ/4 plate are interposed between the respective substrates and the respective polarizing plates. The bi-axial film and the λ/4 plate transform the linear-polarizing into a circular-polarizing.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/713,427 filed Nov. 17, 2003, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/969,717 filed Oct. 4, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,678,031), the disclosures, of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- (a) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display which bears wide viewing angle.
- (b) Description of the Related Art
- Generally, a liquid crystal display has two substrates with a plurality of electrodes, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the two substrates, and two polarizing plates externally attached to the substrates. Voltages are applied to the electrodes so that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer are re-oriented to thereby control the light transmission.
- One of the substrates is formed with thin film transistors for switching the voltages applied to the electrodes, and a plurality of gate and data lines proceeding in the row and column directions. The data lines cross over the gate lines while defining pixel regions. A pixel electrode is formed at each pixel region. The thin film transistors receive scanning signals from the gate lines, and picture signals from the data lines. The thin film transistors control the picture signals pursuant to the scanning signals, and transmit the controlled picture signals to the pixel electrodes. The other substrate is formed with color filters corresponding to the pixel electrodes, and a common electrode at its entire surface.
- In a vertically aligned (VA) mode liquid crystal display, the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules are arranged vertical to the substrates without application of an electric field, and under the application of voltages, inclined such that they are disposed to be parallel to the substrates. The liquid crystal molecules where the long axes thereof are oriented vertical to the substrates cannot rotate the polarizing direction of the light, whereas the liquid crystal molecules where the long axes thereof are oriented parallel to the substrates can rotate the polarizing direction of the light, assuming that the polarizing axes of the polarizing plates are arranged vertical to each other. When the liquid crystal molecules are oriented vertical to the substrates, the light does not pass the polarizing plates so that the display screen becomes to be in a dark state. When the liquid crystal molecules are inclined under the application of voltages, a predetermined amount of light passes the polarizing plates so that the display screen becomes to be in a bright state.
- In such a VA mode liquid crystal display, it has been proposed that opening patterns or organic material-based protrusions might be formed at the electrodes while forming multiple pixel domains. With the formation of the multiple pixel domains, the liquid crystal molecules are uniformly inclined in four directions, thereby obtaining wide viewing angle.
- Meanwhile, such a protrusion may be used as a spacer. The height of the protrusion suitable for the domain partitioning may be established to be about 1.2 μm, but that suitable for the spacer use should be established to be about 4.0 μm. Accordingly, in order to directly use the domain partitioning protrusion as the spacer, the height of the protrusion would be established to be about 4.0 μm. However, in this case, it becomes difficult to inject the liquid crystal material in-between the substrates due to the barrier of the protrusion.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display with protrusion patterns which can make the desired domain partitioning while being used for the spacer purpose.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide a liquid crystal display which bears enhanced brightness.
- These and other objects may be achieved by a liquid crystal display where protrusion patterns are formed to be used as a spacer while making the desired domain partitioning.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display includes a first insulating substrate, and pixel electrodes formed on the first insulating substrate each with a plurality of opening patterns. The pixel electrode is partitioned into a plurality of micro-regions by way of the opening patterns. A second insulating substrate faces the first insulating substrate. A common electrode is formed on the second insulating substrate. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first and the second insulating substrates. A plurality of protrusion patterns are formed on the common electrode. The protrusion patterns are placed at the micro-regions of the pixel electrode to regulate the inclining directions of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer. The gap between the first and the second substrates is constantly maintained by way of the protrusion patterns.
- A thin film transistor is formed on the first insulating substrate while being electrically connected to the pixel electrode. A black matrix is interposed between the second insulating substrate and the common electrode while being patterned. Color filters are interposed between the second insulating substrate and the common electrode corresponding to the pixel electrodes.
- The protrusion pattern is shaped with a pillar where the top and the bottom sides thereof have a shape of a circle, a rectangle, or a rectangle with curved edges. The protrusion pattern has a height of 3.0-4.5 μm.
- The retardation value of the liquid crystal layer is in the range of 0.25-0.4 μm.
- The light incident upon the liquid crystal layer is circularly polarized. First and second polarizing plates are externally attached to the first and the second substrates, and first and second bi-axial films are interposed between the first substrate and the first polarizing plate and between the second substrate and the second polarizing plate, respectively.
- A mono-axial film may be interposed either between the first polarizing plate and the first bi-axial film, or between the second polarizing plate and the second bi-axial film.
- The longest axis of the first bi-axial film is perpendicular to the longest axis of the second bi-axial film. The polarizing axes of the first and the second polarizing plates are angled with respect to the longest axes of the first and the second bi-axial films by 45°.
- First and second λ/4 plates are interposed between the first substrate and the first bi-axial film and between the second substrate and the second bi-axial film, respectively. The slow axes of the first and the second λ/4 plates are perpendicular to each other. The polarizing axes of the first and the second polarizing plates are angled with respect to the slow axes of the first and the second λ/4 plates by 45°.
- The polarizing axis of the first polarizing plate is parallel to the longest axis of the first bi-axial film, and the polarizing axis of the second polarizing plate is parallel to the longest axis of the second bi-axial film.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal display includes a first insulating substrate, and pixel electrodes formed on the first insulating substrate each with opening patterns. A second insulating substrate faces the first insulating substrate. A common electrode is formed on the second insulating substrate. First and second protrusions are formed on the common electrode. The first protrusion has a first thickness, and the second protrusion has a second thickness larger than the first thickness. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the first and the second substrates.
- A thin film transistor is formed on the first insulating substrate while being electrically connected to the pixel electrode. A black matrix is interposed between the second substrate and the common electrode while being patterned. Color filters are interposed between the second substrate and the common electrode corresponding to the pixel electrodes.
- The first and the second protrusions may be based on a photosensitive organic insulating film, a photoresist film, or a silicon-containing insulating film. The first protrusion has a width of 3-15 μm.
- The second protrusion is pillar-shaped with top and the bottom sides having a shape of a polygon or a circle. The top and the bottom sides of the second protrusion have a width of 5-40 μm.
- A more complete appreciation of the invention, and many of the attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols indicate the same or the similar components, wherein:
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FIG. 1 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention where a pixel electrode of a thin film transistor array substrate and a protrusion pattern of a color filter substrate are illustrated; -
FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view of the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 2B illustrates the orientation state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 2A under the application of voltages; -
FIG. 3 illustrates the planar orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules shown inFIG. 2B ; -
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention where a pixel electrode and a protrusion pattern of a thin film transistor array substrate are illustrated; -
FIGS. 5A to 5C sequentially illustrate the steps of fabricating a color filter substrate for the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 1 or 4; -
FIG. 6 illustrates occurrence of textures in a usual liquid crystal display under the application of voltages; - FIGS. 7 to 9 are exploded views of liquid crystal displays according to third to fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention;
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FIG. 10 illustrates occurrence of textures in the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12A is a plan view of a pixel electrode for the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 12B is a plan view of a protrusion pattern formed on a common electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode shown inFIG. 12A ; -
FIG. 12C illustrates the combinatorial state of the pixel electrode shown inFIG. 12A and the protrusion pattern shown inFIG. 12B ; -
FIGS. 13A to 13C sequentially illustrate the steps of fabricating the color filter substrate shown inFIG. 11 ; -
FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the processing state of the color filter substrate shown inFIG. 11 after the coating of an organic film together with a patterning mask; -
FIG. 16 illustrates the processing state of the color filter substrate shown inFIG. 11 after the coating of a silicon-containing insulating film together with a patterning mask; -
FIGS. 17A to 17C sequentially illustrate the steps of fabricating the color filter substrate shown inFIG. 11 after the formation of a photoresist pattern; -
FIG. 18A is a plan view of a pixel electrode for a liquid crystal display according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 18B is a plan view of a protrusion pattern formed on a common electrode corresponding to the pixel electrode shown inFIG. 18A ; and -
FIG. 18C illustrates the combinatorial state of the pixel electrode shown inFIG. 18A and the protrusion pattern shown inFIG. 18B . - Preferred embodiments of this invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
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FIG. 1 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention where a pixel electrode of a thin film transistor array substrate and a protrusion pattern of a color filter substrate are illustrated.FIG. 2A is a cross sectional view of the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 1 .FIG. 2B illustrates the orientation state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display shown inFIG. 2A under the application of voltages.FIG. 3 illustrates the planar orientation state of the liquid crystal molecules shown inFIG. 2B . - As shown in the drawings, a
bottom substrate 1 is overlaid with thin film transistors (not shown) andpixel electrodes 4, and this is called the “thin film transistor array substrate.” Eachpixel electrode 4 is electrically connected to the thin film transistor while bearing openingportions top substrate 11 is overlaid with ablack matrix 12,color filters 13 and acommon electrode 14, and this is called the “color filter substrate.” Polarizing plates (not shown) are externally attached to thesubstrates - In the thin film transistor array substrate, the thin film transistor switches the signals applied to the
pixel electrode 4. The thin film transistor is formed with several components (not shown) such as a gate electrode being a part of a gate line, a semiconductor layer formed on the gate electrode, a source electrode formed on the semiconductor layer while being a part of a data line, and a drain electrode facing the source electrode around the gate electrode. The drain electrode is electrically connected to thepixel electrode 4. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , thepixel electrode 4 is divided into three regions around the openingportions - When the gate signals from the outside are transmitted to the gate lines, and the data signals from the outside are transmitted to the data lines, channels are formed at the semiconductor layer so that the data signals are applied to the pixel electrodes via the drain electrodes, thereby displaying picture images.
- In the color filter substrate, the
color filters 13 of red, green and blue are positioned at the patterned portions of theblack matrix 12. Thecommon electrode 14 is formed on thecolor filters 13 with a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO). Aprotrusion pattern 16 is formed on thecommon electrode 14 with a photosensitive organic insulating material. In this preferred embodiment, theprotrusion pattern 16 is formed with three protrusions. Eachprotrusion 16 is pillar-shaped with top and bottom sides of a circle, a rectangle, or a rectangle bearing curved edges. The height of theprotrusion 16 is established to be 3.0-4.5 μm. When the twosubstrates protrusions 16 are placed at the center of the three pixel electrode regions one by one. Theprotrusion pattern 16 may be based on a photosensitive organic insulating film, a positive or negative photoresist film, or a silicon-containing insulating film. - A vertical alignment layer (not shown) is formed on the thin film transistor array substrate, and the color filter substrate.
- The two
substrates liquid crystal 17 bearing negative dielectric anisotropy is injected in-between thesubstrates liquid crystal molecules 17 are aligned to be perpendicular to the twosubstrates common electrode 14 and thepixel electrodes 4, as shown inFIG. 2B , theliquid crystal molecules 17 are aligned to be perpendicular to the fringe field f formed between thepixel electrodes 4 and thecommon electrode 14. When viewed from the direction of the IV arrow ofFIG. 2B , as shown inFIG. 3 , theliquid crystal molecules 17 are aligned in four directions around theprotrusion pattern 16 so that the desired multi-domains may be made without patterning thecommon electrode 14. Since theprotrusion pattern 16 is cylindrical-shaped, the injection of the liquid crystal in-between thesubstrates substrates protrusion pattern 16 plays a role of a spacer such that the cell gap can be kept in a constant manner. -
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention where a pixel electrode of a thin film transistor array substrate and a protrusion pattern of a color filter substrate are illustrated. In this preferred embodiment, other components and structures of the liquid crystal display are the same as those related to the first preferred embodiment except that thepixel electrode 4 is shaped in a different manner. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , thepixel electrode 4 is shaped with a series of rectangles connected to each other. Aprotrusion 16 is placed at the center of each rectangle. That is, thepixel electrode 4 is divided into a plurality of micro-domains by way of the opening pattern, and theprotrusion 16 is positioned at the center of each micro-domain. - A method of fabricating the liquid crystal display will be now explained with reference to
FIGS. 5A to 5C. - First, as shown in
FIG. 5A , ablack matrix 12 is formed on asubstrate 11, andcolor filters 13 of red, green and blue are formed at theblack matrix 12. - Thereafter, as shown in
FIG. 5B , acommon electrode 14 is formed on theblack matrix 12 and thecolor filters 13 with a transparent conductive material such as ITO and IZO. - As shown in
FIG. 5C , aprotrusion pattern 16 is formed on thecommon electrode 14 on the basis of a photosensitive organic insulating film, a positive or negative photoresist film, or a silicon-containing insulating film. In case theprotrusion pattern 16 is based on a photosensitive film, the photosensitive film is exposed to light through a mask, and developed to form theprotrusion pattern 16. In case theprotrusion pattern 16 is based on a silicon-containing insulating film, the silicon-containing insulating film is overlaid with a photoresist pattern, and etched through the photoresist pattern to form theprotrusion pattern 16. - Meanwhile, as shown in
FIG. 6 , in a white state under the application of voltage, a darkish area B is present around thecircular protrusion pattern 16 while deteriorating the brightness. The dark area B is made because when the light linearly polarized through the polarizing plate passes the liquid crystal layer, the rotation of the light in the polarizing direction by way of the liquid crystal is not made at the place where the directors of theliquid crystal molecules 17 is parallel to or perpendicular to the polarizing direction of the light. That is, the light linearly polarized through the first polarizing plates directly passes the second polarizing plate without suffering the rotation in the polarizing direction by way of theliquid crystal 17 so that it is intercepted by the second polarizing plate. Accordingly, a compensation plate is preferably provided between thesubstrates liquid crystal molecules 17 are parallel to or perpendicular to the polarizing direction is not made. Consequently, the brightness is enhanced. -
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a liquid crystal display according to a third preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this preferred embodiment, other components and structures are the same as those related to the first preferred embodiment except that the following components are differentiated. - As shown in
FIG. 7 , λ/4plates polarizing plate 41 and atop substrate 11 and between a secondpolarizing plate 42 and abottom substrate 1, respectively.Bi-axial films plates polarizing plates polarizing plates bi-axial films 31 and 32 (the axes bearing the greatest index of refraction) are also perpendicular to each other. The slow axes of the λ/4plates polarizing plate 41 externally attached to thetop substrate 11 is parallel to the longest axis of the neighboringbi-axial film 31, and the polarizing axis of thepolarizing plate 42 is also parallel to the longest axis of the neighboringbi-axial film 32. Furthermore, the polarizing axes of thepolarizing plates plates - The
bi-axial films plates polarizing plates plates liquid crystal 17, possible occurrence of textures with the linear polarizing is prevented while enhancing the brightness. Furthermore, the viewing angle is compensated due to thebi-axial films plates bi-axial films -
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of a liquid crystal display according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention. - As shown in
FIG. 8 ,bi-axial films polarizing plate 41 and atop substrate 11 and between a secondpolarizing plate 42 and abottom substrate 1, respectively. The polarizing axes of the first and the secondpolarizing plates bi-axial films polarizing plates bi-axial films polarizing plate 42 is transformed into a circular-polarized light by way of thebi-axial film 32. After the circular-polarized plate passes theliquid crystal 17, it is transformed into a linear-polarized light by way of thebi-axial film 31. In this case, the viewing angle can be further enhanced compared to that related to the third preferred embodiment. -
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a liquid crystal display according to a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention. - As shown in
FIG. 9 ,bi-axial films polarizing plate 41 and atop substrate 11 and between a secondpolarizing plate 42 and abottom substrate 1, respectively. A mono-axial film 33 is provided between thebi-axial film 32 and thepolarizing plate 42. The polarizing axes of thepolarizing plates bi-axial films bi-axial films polarizing plates axial film 33 is parallel to the polarizing axis of the neighboringpolarizing plate 42. Alternatively, the mono-axial film 33 may be provided between thebi-axial film 31 and thepolarizing plate 41, and a bi-axial film bearing a lower bi-axial degree may be used instead of the mono-axial film 33. The Rx of thebi-axial films axial film 33 is in the range of 200 nm±100 nm. In this case, the viewing angle can be further enhanced compared to that related to the fourth preferred embodiment. - As described above, a compensation plate is provided between the
polarizing plates substrates FIG. 10 , any texture is not present at the area except for theprotrusion pattern 16, and the brightness is enhanced. - Meanwhile, the protrusion pattern may be differentiated in thickness such that the protrusions bearing a large thickness are used as spacers, and the protrusions bearing a small thickness are used for domain partitioning. In this case, it is preferable that the spacer protrusions and the domain partitioning protrusions should be formed through one photolithography process while reducing the number of relevant processing steps.
-
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a color filter substrate for a liquid crystal display according to a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention. - As shown in
FIG. 11 , ablack matrix 112 is formed on asubstrate 111, andcolor filters 113 of red, green and blue are formed at theblack matrix 112. Acommon electrode 114 is formed on thecolor filters 113 with a transparent conductive material such as ITO and IZO.Protrusion patterns common electrode 114 with a photosensitive organic insulating material. Theprotrusion patterns protrusion pattern 117 placed over theblack matrix 112 has a thickness larger than theprotrusion pattern 116 placed over the color filters 113. -
Pixel electrodes 104 are formed at the thin film transistor array substrate each with an opening pattern. As shown inFIG. 12A , eachpixel electrode 104 is rectangular-shaped with top and bottom sides and left and right sides, and afirst opening portion 121 is tapered from the right side of thepixel electrode 104 to the left side at the center thereof. Both inlet edges of the first opening portion are cut, and curved smoothly. Thepixel electrode 104 is divided into upper and lower regions around thefirst opening portion 121. Second and third openingportions pixel electrode 104. The second and the third openingportions pixel electrode 104 toward the left center thereof such that they are symmetrical to each other. - As shown in
FIG. 12B , theprotrusion pattern 116 formed on thecommon electrode 114 has first tothird protrusions first protrusion 131 includes atrunk portion 132, first andsecond branch portions trunk portion 132 up and downward in a slant manner, and first and secondsub-branch portions second branch portions second protrusion 141 includes afirst base portion 142 proceeding parallel to thefirst branch portion 133, a firsthorizontal limb portion 143 proceeding from thefirst base portion 142 in the horizontal direction, and a firstvertical limb portion 144 proceeding from thefirst base portion 142 in the vertical direction. Thethird protrusion 151 is symmetrical to thesecond protrusion 141. That is, thethird protrusion 151 includes asecond base portion 152, a secondhorizontal limb portion 153, and a secondvertical limb portion 154. The first tothird protrusions common electrode 114 corresponding to eachpixel electrode 104. The first tothird protrusions - Meanwhile, the
spacer protrusion pattern 117 bearing a thickness larger than the domainpartitioning protrusion pattern 116 is overlapped with theblack matrix 112, and shaped with a pillar where the top and the bottom sides thereof are polygon or circle-shaped each with a width of 5-40 μm. -
FIG. 12C illustrates the combinatorial state of the opening patterns of thepixel electrode 104 and the protrusion patterns formed on thecommon electrode 114. - As shown in
FIG. 12C , the first to third openingportions 121 to 123 of thepixel electrode 104 are overlapped with the first tothird protrusions common electrode 114 to thereby divide the pixel region into a plurality of micro-domains. The first to third openingportions 121 to 123 of thepixel electrode 104, and the first tothird protrusions common electrode 114 are alternately arranged while proceeding parallel to each other except for thefirst opening portion 121, thetrunk portion 132 of thefirst protrusion 131, and thesub-branch portions first protrusion 131 as well as the horizontal andvertical limb portions third protrusions pixel electrode 104. - Under the application of voltage, the
liquid crystal molecules 17 are aligned in four directions while exhibiting wide viewing angle in those directions. - In the above structure, the
protrusion pattern 117 with a relatively large thickness is used as a spacer, whereas theprotrusion pattern 116 with a relatively small thickness is used for domain partitioning. - A method of fabricating the above-structured color filter substrate will be now explained with reference to
FIGS. 13A to 17C. - First, as shown in
FIG. 13A , ablack matrix 112 is formed on an insulatingsubstrate 111, andcolor filters 113 of red, green and blue are formed at theblack matrix 112. - Thereafter, as shown in
FIG. 13B , acommon electrode 114 is formed on the entire surface of thesubstrate 111 with a transparent conductive material such as ITO and IZO. - As shown in
FIG. 13C , a photosensitive organicinsulating film 115 is coated onto thecommon electrode 115. A negative or positive photoresist film, a silicon-containing insulating film may be used instead of the photosensitive organicinsulating film 115. - The photosensitive organic
insulating film 115 is patterned using amask FIG. 14 or 15 to thereby formprotrusion patterns FIG. 11 . It is preferable that the mask includes a slit pattern or a semitransparent film. - A method of forming the
protrusion patterns - As shown in
FIG. 14 , themask 100 includes a slit pattern to be placed at the B area over thecolor filters 113, a transparent pattern to be placed at the A area where thecommon electrode 114 is hollowed while contacting theblack matrix 112, and an opaque pattern to be placed at the remaining area C. When the light exposing is made using themask 100, the amount of light incident upon the target film through the slit pattern is smaller than the amount of light incident upon the target film through the transparent pattern. Accordingly, after the light exposing and the development are completed, as shown inFIG. 11 , theprotrusion pattern 116 at the B area has a thickness smaller than theprotrusion pattern 117 at the A area, and the negative photosensitive insulating film at the C area is removed. - In the case of the negative organic insulating film, after the development, the upper portion thereof is wider than the lower portion thereof while bearing a shape of a counter-taper, but diminished during the subsequent processing steps so that the resulting pattern exhibits a substantially vertical side.
- A method of forming the protrusion patterns using a mask with a semitransparent film will be now explained with reference to
FIG. 15 . Either a negative photosensitive organic insulating film or a positive photosensitive organic insulating film may be used as the target film. In the case of the positive photosensitive organic insulating film, the light-exposed portions are removed after the development, and the portions not exposed to the light are left over. - As shown in
FIG. 15 , themask 110 includes a semitransparent pattern to be placed at the B area over thecolor filters 113, an opaque pattern to be placed at the A area where thecommon electrode 114 is hollowed while contacting theblack matrix 112, and a transparent pattern to be placed at the remaining area C. When the light exposing is made using themask 110, the amount of light incident upon the target film through the semitransparent pattern is smaller than the amount of light incident upon the target film through the transparent pattern. Accordingly, after the light exposing and the development are completed, the positive organic insulating film remained at the B area has a thickness smaller than the positive organic insulating film remained at the A area, and the positive organic insulating film at the C area is entirely removed. - In case a negative organic insulating film is used as the target film, it is difficult to make the portion covered by the semitransparent film bear the desired thickness. Therefore, it is preferable to use a positive organic insulating film as the target film.
- As described above,
protrusion patterns mask protrusion pattern 116 bearing a relatively small thickness forms fringe fields while serving to obtain wide viewing angle. Theprotrusion pattern 117 bearing a relatively large thickness is used as a spacer. Theprotrusion patterns - Meanwhile, a silicon-containing insulating film may be used instead of the photosensitive organic insulating film. The silicon-containing insulating film is first coated as the target film, and a photoresist film is coated onto the silicon-containing insulating film. Thereafter, the target film overlaid with the photoresist film suffers photolithography based on a mask with a slit pattern, or a semitransparent film. A positive photoresist film may be used for the patterning. This process will be now explained with reference to FIGS. 16 to 17C.
- As shown in
FIG. 16 , aphotoresist film 125 is coated onto the silicon-containinginsulating film 115. Thephotoresist film 125 is exposed to light through amask 120, and developed to thereby formphotoresist patterns FIG. 17A . Themask 120 includes a slit pattern to be placed at the B area, an opaque pattern to be placed at the A area, and a transparent pattern to be placed at the C area. When thephotoresist film 125 is exposed to light through themask 120 and developed, the photoresist film remained at the B area has a thickness smaller than the photoresist film remained at the A area, and the photoresist film at the C area is entirely removed. A semitransparent pattern may be used instead of the slit pattern. In case a negative photoresist film is used instead of the positive photoresist film, the mask may be provided with a transparent pattern to be placed at the A area, and an opaque pattern to be placed at the C area. - Thereafter, as shown in
FIG. 17B , the portions of the insulatingfilm 115 exposed through thephotoresist patterns common electrode 114 is exposed to the outside. - As shown in
FIG. 17C , when thephotoresist patterns film 115, only thephotoresist pattern 127 placed at the A area is left over. When thephotoresist pattern 127 is removed, as shown inFIG. 11 , theprotrusion patterns -
FIGS. 18A to 18C illustrate a liquid crystal display according to a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this preferred embodiment, other components and structures of the liquid crystal display are the same as those related to the sixth preferred embodiment except for the shape of thepixel electrode 104 and the protrusion pattern. - As shown in
FIG. 18A , thepixel electrode 104 has an upper half region and a lower half region, and a first rectangular-shapedopening portion 161 bisects the upper half region of thepixel electrode 104 left and right. Second and third rectangular-shapedopening portions pixel electrode 104 up and down. - As shown in
FIG. 18B , thecommon electrode 114 is overlaid with a protrusion pattern having first tothird protrusions first protrusion 171 includes first andsecond trunk portions branch portion 174 connected to the first andsecond trunk portions third protrusions second trunk portions -
FIG. 18C illustrates the combinatorial state of the opening pattern of thepixel electrode 104 and the protrusion pattern formed on thecommon electrode 114. - As shown in
FIG. 18C , thefirst opening portion 161 of thepixel electrode 104 and the first andsecond trunk portions common electrode 114 vertically partition the upper half region of thepixel electrode 104 into four micro-domains. The second and third openingportions pixel electrode 104 and the second andthird protrusions common electrode 114 horizontally partition the lower half region of thepixel electrode 104 into five micro-domains. - As described above, pillar-shaped protrusion patterns are formed on a common electrode to make the desired pixel-domain partitioning as well as to be used as a spacer. Furthermore, a λ/4 plate and a bi-axial film are provided between the top substrate and the polarizing plate and between the bottom substrate and the polarizing plate such that the circular-polarized light passes the liquid crystal, thereby removing the undesirable textures while enhancing the brightness. Furthermore, the protrusion patterns differentiated in thickness are formed through one photolithography process such that the protrusion pattern bearing a relatively small thickness is used for the domain partitioning, and the protrusion pattern bearing a relatively large thickness is used as a spacer.
- While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and substitutions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising steps of:
forming a black matrix layer on a substrate;
forming a color filter layer on the substrate;
forming a conductive layer on the color filter layer;
forming an organic insulating layer on the conductive layer, the organic insulating layer being photosensitive;
exposing the organic insulating film to a light beam through a mask having an opaque area, a semitransparent area and a transparent area on predetermined areas thereof; and
developing the organic insulating layer to form a protrusion and a spacer taller than the protrusion,
wherein the protrusion overlaps the black matrix layer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spacer is formed at a portion of the organic insulating layer corresponding to the opaque area and the protrusion is formed at a portion of the organic insulating layer corresponding to the semitransparent area.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spacer is formed at a portion of the organic insulating layer corresponding to the transparent area and the protrusion is formed at a portion of the organic insulating layer corresponding to the semitransparent area.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the black matrix is formed between the substrate and the color filter layer.
5. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising steps of:
forming a color filter layer on a substrate;
forming a conductive layer on the color filter layer;
forming an organic insulating layer on the conductive layer, the organic insulating layer being photosensitive;
exposing the organic insulating film to a light beam through a mask having an opaque area, a semitransparent area and a transparent area on predetermined areas thereof; and
developing the organic insulating layer to form a protrusion having a width of 3 μm to 15 μm and a spacer taller than the protrusion and having a width of 5 μm to 40 μm.
6. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising steps of:
forming a black matrix layer on a substrate divided into a plurality of pixel regions, the black matrix comprising a first portion formed around the pixel region and a second portion formed within the pixel region;
forming a color filter layer on the substrate;
forming a conductive layer on the color filter layer;
forming an organic insulating layer on the conductive layer, the organic insulating layer being photosensitive,
exposing the organic insulating film to a light beam through a mask having an opaque area, a semitransparent area and a transparent area on predetermined areas thereof; and
developing the organic insulating layer to form a protrusion and a spacer taller than the protrusion, wherein the spacer overlaps the first portion of the black matrix and the protrusion overlaps the second portion of the black matrix layer.
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US10/713,427 US7247411B2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2003-11-17 | Liquid crystal display |
US11/686,675 US20070216831A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2007-03-15 | Liquid crystal display |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100720093B1 (en) | 2007-05-18 |
TWI238912B (en) | 2005-09-01 |
CN1354383A (en) | 2002-06-19 |
JP2002162627A (en) | 2002-06-07 |
JP2007316667A (en) | 2007-12-06 |
JP4296208B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 |
US20020039166A1 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
CN1189776C (en) | 2005-02-16 |
US20040100611A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
US20090201448A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
KR20020027709A (en) | 2002-04-15 |
US6678031B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
US7247411B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
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