US20070122591A1 - Straight 'n' clear thermoforming plastic - Google Patents
Straight 'n' clear thermoforming plastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070122591A1 US20070122591A1 US11/438,160 US43816006A US2007122591A1 US 20070122591 A1 US20070122591 A1 US 20070122591A1 US 43816006 A US43816006 A US 43816006A US 2007122591 A1 US2007122591 A1 US 2007122591A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- sheet
- area
- thickness
- thermoforming
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/02—Combined thermoforming and manufacture of the preform
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
- A63B71/085—Mouth or teeth protectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2791/00—Shaping characteristics in general
- B29C2791/004—Shaping under special conditions
- B29C2791/006—Using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0017—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0023—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with printing or marking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/0029—Translucent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses
- B29L2031/7536—Artificial teeth
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
Definitions
- Plastic sheets for dental devised have been used for decades. They are heated used an electric grid and then when lowered to the model, a vacuum draws the plastic precisely to the model of the teeth. Indications for use are indirect bonding of orthodontic appliances, orthodontic retainers, mouth guards for sports, and aligners for correcting minor malocclusions.
- One of the biggest drawbacks is that as that the plastic thins as it is stretched over the plaster model of the teeth causing it to fail quicker, either in occlusion or because of the vacuum force drawing so hard at the outset.
- FIG. 1 shows the round sheet of plastic with the three dimensional form.
- This form is designed to work with advanced equipment such as the BioStar or Drufamat. With even thickness and the arch partially formed, it allows less than half the distortion as flat sheets experience.
- FIG. 2 shows the application in a square sheet configuration design to be used with the Raintree Essix manual system thermoformer. Again, the formed target area has uniform thickness while being in 3D.
- FIG. 3 shows the plastic as it heated to the desired temperature. Unlike current available plastic, it flattens rather than slumps greatly reducing the stretching experience with the current sheets available and increasing its wear toughness.
- FIG. 4 shows the application with the application centered over the target mold for vacuum.
- FIG. 5 shows a formed tray that can be made without chill spray, reducing the cost of fabrication.
- This invention provides three solutions:
- the doctor takes an alginate impression of the patient's malocclusion. It then is filled with stone or plastic to make a positive model of the dentition.
- a rectangular or round sheet of plastic from 0.020′′ to 0.040′′ thick, is mounted in the chamber.
- the model is placed in the bed, the bottom of which is a vacuum chamber. At the top is a heating coil.
- the machine When the machine has reached its ideal temperature, it heats the plastic until it slumps and then lays the slumped plastic over the model.
- the vacuum kicks on and pulls the plastic tight over the plaster model so it becomes a negative of the positive model.
- a chill spray is used to quickly set the form so it doesn't begin to plastically deform during the cooling process.
- the problem is that the plastic has deformed as much as 2′′ deep over the area where the model was, which is an area of about 7′′ by 3 ⁇ 4′′. Since the plastic had a fixed thickness to start, it has thinned to as much as 50% its original thickness. Many have tried to solve this by going to the stronger PVC material but some patients are uncomfortable with its aesthetics and it doesn't have the spring of PS. Others have tried thicker original sheets but the thicker sheets lose the spring characteristic along the edges that help hold the plastic in the mouth. Also, it can be too thick in areas where there is less stretch, such as lower anteriors, and disrupt the bite, creating an overbite.
- This invention provides three solutions:
- the plastic is extruded instead of rolled so that one can vary the thickness by area of the sheets.
- Extruding machines are known to be capable of working easily with Polystyrene plastics. The PVC would be unnecessary, as the higher translucency of Polystyrene would be most desired by the patient while the wear resistance would be ideal.
- the first two processes can be combined to produce an ideal sheet that is thicker in the area of 3D preforming. While this process will be more expensive, it allows greater security for the professional and the patient that treatment results will be realized without failure, even if just used as a retainer. Surveys show that 25% of retainers and all activators are made this way and it is estimated that 3 million are made each year worldwide.
Abstract
Thermoforming of plastic sheets over a model includes varying the thickness in the area that is stretched over the model so that when it thins it becomes more uniform in thickness. The plastic sheet is fabricated in a substantially uniform thickness but with a preformed a complex profile or 3D area that partially builds in part of the area that would be stretched so that it thins much less than a flat sheet. Combinations of these elements may also be made.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/628,812 filed on Nov. 17, 2004; and also claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/153,794 filed on Jun. 15, 2005 (GAC-1980); and also claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/281,086 filed Nov. 17, 2005 (GAC-1980-1).
- Plastic sheets for dental devised have been used for decades. They are heated used an electric grid and then when lowered to the model, a vacuum draws the plastic precisely to the model of the teeth. Indications for use are indirect bonding of orthodontic appliances, orthodontic retainers, mouth guards for sports, and aligners for correcting minor malocclusions. One of the biggest drawbacks is that as that the plastic thins as it is stretched over the plaster model of the teeth causing it to fail quicker, either in occlusion or because of the vacuum force drawing so hard at the outset. This failure can cause hours of extra labor to create a new aligner, as the teeth will have moved since the last impression was taken and the model made, and the doctor or lab must go through the whole process again, Also, it delays the treatment and can lead to relapse if the patient doesn't return immediately. Generally, these sheets are made with a medical grade plastic that severely limits the range of plastic choices. It is this common problem that this patent seeks to correct.
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FIG. 1 shows the round sheet of plastic with the three dimensional form. This form is designed to work with advanced equipment such as the BioStar or Drufamat. With even thickness and the arch partially formed, it allows less than half the distortion as flat sheets experience. -
FIG. 2 shows the application in a square sheet configuration design to be used with the Raintree Essix manual system thermoformer. Again, the formed target area has uniform thickness while being in 3D. -
FIG. 3 shows the plastic as it heated to the desired temperature. Unlike current available plastic, it flattens rather than slumps greatly reducing the stretching experience with the current sheets available and increasing its wear toughness. -
FIG. 4 shows the application with the application centered over the target mold for vacuum. -
FIG. 5 shows a formed tray that can be made without chill spray, reducing the cost of fabrication. - Failed appliances have long annoyed doctors and patients and this patent proposes to eliminate most of it.
- The narrow range of medical plastics eliminates use of some of the major “tough” plastics that have evolved. Rather, we propose to make the current medical grade plastics more acceptable.
- This invention provides three solutions:
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- 1. Varying the thickness in the area that is stretched over the model so that when it thins it becomes more uniform in thickness.
- 2. Making the plastic uniform in thickness but preforming a 3D area that partially builds in part of the area that would be stretched so that it thins much less than a flat sheet.
- 3. Doing both so that the average draw keeps the thickness after forming nearly uniform.
- It is known in the profession that there are two main plastics available that have good forming characteristics. One, polystyrene, has excellent clarity and stiffness but poor wear resistance. The other, polyvinylchloride (PVC) has much greater wear resistance but is cloudy after forming and less aesthetic. These are available from Raintree Essix of Metairie, La. and Great Lakes in Buffalo N.Y. These same companies also offer the main desktop thermoforming machines, the BioStar and the Raintree Essix. One is a digital solution and the other analog, respectively. The choice is made regarding the volume that is used.
- The doctor takes an alginate impression of the patient's malocclusion. It then is filled with stone or plastic to make a positive model of the dentition. Depending on the thermoformer, a rectangular or round sheet of plastic, from 0.020″ to 0.040″ thick, is mounted in the chamber. The model is placed in the bed, the bottom of which is a vacuum chamber. At the top is a heating coil. When the machine has reached its ideal temperature, it heats the plastic until it slumps and then lays the slumped plastic over the model. The vacuum kicks on and pulls the plastic tight over the plaster model so it becomes a negative of the positive model. As discussed in USP (Dann patent) indicates a chill spray is used to quickly set the form so it doesn't begin to plastically deform during the cooling process.
- The problem is that the plastic has deformed as much as 2″ deep over the area where the model was, which is an area of about 7″ by ¾″. Since the plastic had a fixed thickness to start, it has thinned to as much as 50% its original thickness. Many have tried to solve this by going to the stronger PVC material but some patients are uncomfortable with its aesthetics and it doesn't have the spring of PS. Others have tried thicker original sheets but the thicker sheets lose the spring characteristic along the edges that help hold the plastic in the mouth. Also, it can be too thick in areas where there is less stretch, such as lower anteriors, and disrupt the bite, creating an overbite.
- This application offers the following solutions:
- This invention provides three solutions:
-
- 1. Varying the thickness in the area that is stretched over the model so that when it thins it becomes more uniform in thickness.
- 2. Making the plastic uniform in thickness but preforming a 3D area that partially builds in part of the area that would be stretched so that it thins much less than a flat sheet.
- 3. Doing both so that the average draw keeps the thickness after forming nearly uniform.
- By varying the thickness to improve wear resistance; the plastic is extruded instead of rolled so that one can vary the thickness by area of the sheets. Extruding machines are known to be capable of working easily with Polystyrene plastics. The PVC would be unnecessary, as the higher translucency of Polystyrene would be most desired by the patient while the wear resistance would be ideal.
- The next solution works for both plastics by creating as the sheet is extruded, a 3-D area about ½″ to 1.5″ that is preformed in the shape of a wide arch so that during forming, the plastic will be stretched less than 50%. This concept has been tested at Glenroe Technologies and they have found less than 25% loss of thickness. This means a thinner plastic can be used, creating less overbite at the end of treatment and less mid-treatment emergency visits when the tray fails.
- Finally, using a combined extrusion and stamping process, the first two processes can be combined to produce an ideal sheet that is thicker in the area of 3D preforming. While this process will be more expensive, it allows greater security for the professional and the patient that treatment results will be realized without failure, even if just used as a retainer. Surveys show that 25% of retainers and all activators are made this way and it is estimated that 3 million are made each year worldwide.
- It is already known that an arch is between 5.5 and 7″ long, that it is no more than 1.5 cm deep, and the sheet sizes for the varied machines is well documented. It is then just a matter of creating the 3D sheets in the prescribed area of the sheet where the activation will typically occur. Testing has shown that rather than slumping, the plastic will flatten when ready and hit the model at its dictated thickness.
- It is anticipated that due to cost, one version will solely have the 3D affect and the other the 3D and thickness affect. It is also anticipated that the cloudy PVC will be unnecessary although it will be made available.
- Many doctors form several plastic appliances at the same time should there be a failure at the onset. In a sense, much of this is futile as if it is used as an active appliance, the teeth will have moved during the term. For retainers, this is okay but eliminating this duplication can save many millions of dollars in labor and plastic.
- More importantly, makers of active appliances, such as Align Technologies InvisAlign, rely on the aligners to be durable enough to make it through the phase of treatment that they have programmed. If an aligner fails, then the patient must return to the doctor, who will have to take a progress impression and model, and it will have to be sent in for a mid course correction and reanalyzed by the computers in order to make a new complete set of trays. Although the doctor is insured to a limited amount of corrections, it takes a lot of time and can lead to longer treatment of the patient, many times months longer. The doctor and InvisAlign cannot increase their fees so it is a loss to them, and the patient will be frustrated with the relapse and increased treatment time.
- This application is limit to discomfort of failed treatment, lower the cost to doctors and labs, and promote better results and prosperity for all involved.
Claims (6)
1. A plastic sheet for thermoforming of dental devices comprising a sheet having at least two areas of different thickness to compensate for slump during thermoforming, and wherein at least one area is more resilient than at least one other area of the sheet.
2. A plastic sheet for thermoforming of dental devices comprising a preformed dentition structure.
3. A plastic sheet as in claim 3 , having generally uniform thickness.
4. A plastic sheet as in claim 4 comprising polystyrene.
5. A plastic sheet as in claim 5 wherein the sheet more than 80% translucent after thermoforming.
6. A plastic sheet for thermoforming over a model, comprising a sheet that is thicker where the plastic stretches over the model and is formed in a 3D prototype so that the weakened area during formation is stretched less than 25%.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/438,160 US20070122591A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-22 | Straight 'n' clear thermoforming plastic |
US12/709,704 US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-02-22 | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US62881204P | 2004-11-17 | 2004-11-17 | |
US28108605A | 2005-11-17 | 2005-11-17 | |
US11/438,160 US20070122591A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-22 | Straight 'n' clear thermoforming plastic |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US28108605A Continuation | 2004-11-17 | 2005-11-17 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/709,704 Continuation US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-02-22 | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070122591A1 true US20070122591A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
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ID=38087877
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/438,160 Abandoned US20070122591A1 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-22 | Straight 'n' clear thermoforming plastic |
US12/709,704 Active 2027-02-21 US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-02-22 | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/709,704 Active 2027-02-21 US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2010-02-22 | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
Country Status (2)
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US (2) | US20070122591A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2370405T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150314520A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2015-11-05 | Align Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for thermal forming an object |
US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2016-07-05 | Dentsply International Inc. | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10959817B2 (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-03-30 | Sdc U.S. Smilepay Spv | Dental model holding system |
US10717208B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 | 2020-07-21 | Oxilio Ltd | Methods and systems for thermoforming orthodontic aligners |
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US9381071B2 (en) | 2004-11-17 | 2016-07-05 | Dentsply International Inc. | Straight ‘N’ clear thermoforming plastic |
US20150314520A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2015-11-05 | Align Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for thermal forming an object |
US11565441B2 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2023-01-31 | Align Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for thermal forming an object |
US11623368B2 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2023-04-11 | Align Technology, Inc. | Methods for thermal forming an object |
US20230122748A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2023-04-20 | Align Technology, Inc. | Systems for thermal forming an object |
US11633877B2 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2023-04-25 | Align Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for thermal forming an object |
US11911929B2 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2024-02-27 | Align Technology, Inc. | Systems for thermal forming an object |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2370405T3 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
US9381071B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
US20100151205A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
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