US20070107145A1 - Reactive dye composition and method of dyeing polyamide materials - Google Patents
Reactive dye composition and method of dyeing polyamide materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070107145A1 US20070107145A1 US11/273,588 US27358805A US2007107145A1 US 20070107145 A1 US20070107145 A1 US 20070107145A1 US 27358805 A US27358805 A US 27358805A US 2007107145 A1 US2007107145 A1 US 2007107145A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- reactive dye
- dye
- substrate
- nylon
- reactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000985 reactive dye Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 21
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XPVPPZLJRZSNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-fluorotriazine Chemical compound FC1=CN=NN=C1 XPVPPZLJRZSNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SPSSDDOTEZKOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=C(Cl)C(Cl)=NC2=C1 SPSSDDOTEZKOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GIKMWFAAEIACRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine Chemical compound ClC1=NC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=N1 GIKMWFAAEIACRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ORLGPUVJERIKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chlorotriazine Chemical compound ClC1=CN=NN=C1 ORLGPUVJERIKLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 claims 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- -1 premetalized Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 7
- KXXFHLLUPUAVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Cu++].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1N=N[C-](N=NC1=C([O-])C(NC2=NC(F)=NC(NCCOCCS(=O)(=O)C=C)=N2)=CC(=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Cu++].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1N=N[C-](N=NC1=C([O-])C(NC2=NC(F)=NC(NCCOCCS(=O)(=O)C=C)=N2)=CC(=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)S([O-])(=O)=O KXXFHLLUPUAVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- 239000000980 acid dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Patent blue Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 SJEYSFABYSGQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 0 *c1cccc(Nc(cc(*)c(N)c2C(c3ccccc33)=O)c2C3=O)c1 Chemical compound *c1cccc(Nc(cc(*)c(N)c2C(c3ccccc33)=O)c2C3=O)c1 0.000 description 3
- RTLULCVBFCRQKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-4-[3-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-4-sulfoanilino]-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2C(N)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1NC(C=1)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=1NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 RTLULCVBFCRQKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SUPFNMXTAGSTIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4,6-difluoropyrimidine Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=NC(Cl)=N1 SUPFNMXTAGSTIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IHDBZCJYSHDCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dichlorotriazine Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=NN=N1 IHDBZCJYSHDCKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nitrilotris(methylene)]trisphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000983 mordant dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1C(N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N3)=N2)=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C4=N1 IEQIEDJGQAUEQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006309 Invista Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 2
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HJORILXJGREZJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium 7-[(5-chloro-2,6-difluoropyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-4-hydroxy-3-[(4-methoxy-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound ClC=1C(=NC(=NC1F)F)NC1=CC=C2C(=C(C(=CC2=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)S(=O)(=O)[O-])O.[Na+].[Na+] HJORILXJGREZJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CMCWJAWGROJDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;7-[[2-(carbamoylamino)-4-[(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(N=NC=2C(=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3C=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(NC(=O)N)=CC=1NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 CMCWJAWGROJDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCLDVUCSDZGNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-difluoropyrimidine Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=NC=N1 MCLDVUCSDZGNRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSFGQHQXDKLATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-5-fluoro-2-methylpyrimidine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(F)C(Cl)=N1 QSFGQHQXDKLATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INOIOAWTVPHTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-acetamido-4-hydroxy-3-[[4-(2-sulfooxyethylsulfonyl)phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C2C=C(C(N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3)S(=O)(=O)CCOS(O)(=O)=O)=C(O)C2=C1)S(O)(=O)=O INOIOAWTVPHTCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CQEBEGRQMPUOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L C.CC1=NC(BCS)=NC(Cl)=N1.O.O=S(=O)(O)O.O=S(O)(=[Mg])OO.O[Na].SCBC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.[H]NCCCCCC(=O)CCCC.[H]NCCCCCC(CCCC)OC1=NC(BCS)=NC(Cl)=N1.[H]NCCCCCC(CCCC)O[CH2-].[MgH]Cl Chemical compound C.CC1=NC(BCS)=NC(Cl)=N1.O.O=S(=O)(O)O.O=S(O)(=[Mg])OO.O[Na].SCBC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.[H]NCCCCCC(=O)CCCC.[H]NCCCCCC(CCCC)OC1=NC(BCS)=NC(Cl)=N1.[H]NCCCCCC(CCCC)O[CH2-].[MgH]Cl CQEBEGRQMPUOLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKCWQPZFAFZLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cibacron blue Chemical compound C1=2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C=2C(N)=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1NC(C=C1S(O)(=O)=O)=CC=C1NC(N=1)=NC(Cl)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O YKCWQPZFAFZLBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001046 green dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N metamizole Chemical compound O=C1C(N(CS(O)(=O)=O)C)=C(C)N(C)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 LVWZTYCIRDMTEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001048 orange dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate;hydron Chemical compound [Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C2C(N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC2=C1 QPILZZVXGUNELN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIEBGVDTKLYGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;7-[[2-(carbamoylamino)-4-[[4-chloro-6-[3-(2-sulfonatooxyethylsulfonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C=1C=C(N=NC=2C(=CC3=CC(=CC(=C3C=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(NC(=O)N)=CC=1NC(N=1)=NC(Cl)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)CCOS([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 UIEBGVDTKLYGTN-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001016 thiazine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010981 turquoise Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001043 yellow dye Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/24—Polyamides; Polyurethanes
- D06P3/248—Polyamides; Polyurethanes using reactive dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0072—Preparations with anionic dyes or reactive dyes
- C09B67/0073—Preparations of acid or reactive dyes in liquid form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/38—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using reactive dyes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
- D06P1/67333—Salts or hydroxides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/02—Material containing basic nitrogen
- D06P3/04—Material containing basic nitrogen containing amide groups
- D06P3/14—Wool
- D06P3/148—Wool using reactive dyes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a method and composition for dyeing a substrate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate, such as Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®, with a reactive dye.
- a substrate such as Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®, with a reactive dye.
- Textile designers especially those who create carpet and upholstery fabric designs, have a need for a pre-dyed nylon yarn which can be combined with an undyed nylon yarn to produce a textile product, such as a tufted carpet or an upholstery fabric.
- a textile product can then be subjected to a further dyeing operation so as to apply a color to the undyed nylon portion of the product which is different from the color or colors of the pre-dyed yarn.
- the availability of a pre-dyed nylon yarn permitting such processing would make possible styling and design effects in the finished textile product which cannot be achieved in any other way.
- solution-dyed nylon i.e., nylon into which pigment is incorporated at the time the filaments are produced.
- the coloring in solution-dyed nylon will not wash out or bleed during further dyeing treatment.
- solution-dyed nylon yarns are available in only a few solid colors, and hence reliance on their use severely limits the creation of designs.
- Optimum styling effects require pre-dyed yams, both solid color and multicolor dyed yarns, available in a wide range of colors.
- the dyed yarn is dried and then autoclaved, the high temperature and pressure, and alkaline exposure, inducing a reaction between the amine groups of the nylon and the fiber reactive portion of the Remalan dye to create covalent bonds between the dye and amine groups.
- the term “bifunctional” dye as used herein is intended to refer to a dye which exhibits the characteristics of both acid dyes, in their ability to form ionic bonds, and fiber reactive dyes, in their ability to form covalent bonds.
- nylon yarn carrying Remalan dye can withstand a further dyeing process without washing out or bleeding onto adjacent nylon yarns.
- nylon refers to a variety of long chain, high molecular weight polyamide fibers. Two types of these fibers are of interest to the commercial textile industry; e.g., carpeting and upholstery fabrics.
- Type 6 nylon is made by the polymerization of e-caprolactam.
- a characteristic of this type of nylon is that it has a very open structure easily penetrated by dyestuff solutions and print pastes, and hence readily dyeable with dark shades.
- the open structure of the fiber makes it more susceptible to having the dye washed out of it, and hence gives the fiber relatively poor washfastness properties.
- Major producers of Type 6 nylon in the United States are Honeywell Nylon, Inc. and BASF Corp.
- Type 6,6 nylon is produced by the polymeric reaction between hexamethyline diamine and adipic acid. This results in a hydrophilic but much more closed fiber structure and hence slower than Type 6 nylon to absorb dye solutions and print pastes. Consequently, it is more difficult to dye Type 6,6 nylon with dark shades. However, the tighter structure of the fiber gives it much better wash and bleed fastness than is obtained when Type 6 nylon is used.
- Major producers of Type 6,6 nylon are Invista, Wichita, Kans, and Solutia, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.
- each nylon manufacturer has offered for commercial sale a range of nylon yams which have been modified to accept different depths of colors.
- the modification involves the number of reactive groups, or amine ends, which are introduced into the fiber when it is originally spun or produced.
- the number of amine groups can vary with different yarn producers, but a typical index is as follows: deep dyeable nylon; i.e., nylon that is capable of being dyed to very deep shades, may have an index number of 75, indicating the relatively high proportion of amine groups in the yarn; regular nylon may have an index number of 40; light dyeable nylon may have an index number of 18; and cationic dyeable nylon will have an index number of 0.
- the index number of 0 does not indicate that there are no amine groups in the nylon.
- the nylon does contain amine groups, but by adding sulfonic acid to the fiber during the manufacturing process, the amine groups are effectively neutralized leaving the fibers with a negative charge which causes them to resist acid dyes and to form ionic bonds with cationic dyes.
- Remalan dyes of American Hoechst Corporation can be used successfully with deep dyeable, regular, and light dyeable Type 6 nylon as well as deep dyeable and regular Type 6,6 nylon.
- Remalan dyes do not provide good color yield when used with light dyeable Type 6,6 nylon. Since deep dyeable, regular, and light dyeable Type 6 nylon, and deep dyeable and regular Type 6,6 nylon have relatively high contents of amine ends, these fibers, when pre-dyed do not react well when subjected to a second dyeing operation.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,653 discloses a method of dyeing cationic dyeable Type 6 and Type 6,6 nylon and light dyeable Type 6,6 nylon, so that the dyed fiber will resist taking on further dye and will have a high degree of wash and bleed fastness when the dyed fiber is subjected to a further high temperature aqueous dyebath.
- the disclosed method comprises providing a bifunctional fiber reactive dye solution capable of forming both ionic and covalent bonds with the amine groups of the nylon fiber, the dye solution having a pH no higher than 1.5. Then, applying the dye to the fiber with a degree of wet pick up exceeding 100% by weight of the fiber, contacting the fiber with an alkaline solution, and thereafter autoclaving the fiber.
- the present invention relates to a method and composition for dyeing a substrate made from a synthetic or natural polymeric materials having pendent carboxyl groups, such as polyamides, silk and wool.
- the method comprises applying to the substrate a reactive dye solution and heating the substrate in the presence of a magnesium donor compound at a pH of greater than 9.0, such that the reactive dye forms covalent bonds with the pendent carboxyl groups on the polymeric substrate.
- method comprises contacting Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® or Kevlar® with a reactive dye solution and heating the polyamide substrate in the presence of a magnesium donor compound at a pH of greater than 9.0, such that the reactive dye forms covalent bonds with the pendent carboxyl groups on the polyamide substrate.
- a reactive dye composition comprising a reactive dye, a magnesium donor compound and a pH adjusting component in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the dye composition to greater than 9.0.
- polymeric substrates, fibers, yarns, sheets, ribbons and other textile materials dyed with the reactive dye composition of the present invention there is disclosed polymeric substrates, fibers, yarns, sheets, ribbons and other textile materials dyed with the reactive dye composition of the present invention.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of covalently bonding a fiber reactive dye to a carboxyl group of a polymeric substrate.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of dyeing Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; wool; silk; Nomex® and Kevlar® that is relatively easy and inexpensive.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of dyeing Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; wool; silk; Nomex® and Kevlar® with fiber reactive dyes.
- the present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate wherein the substrate is made from a polymeric material having pendent carboxyl groups.
- Polymeric materials having pendent carboxyl groups include, but are not limited to polyamides, silk and wool.
- Preferred polyamides useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®. Substrates made from these materials can be in the form of fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, tufted fabrics, sheets, ribbons or other textile materials.
- Type 6 nylon is made by the polymerization of e-caprolactam and is commercially available from Allied-Signal Corp. and BASF Corp.
- Type 6 nylon has the following chemical structure:
- Type 6,6 nylon is produced by a polymeric reaction between hexamethyline diamine and adipic acid and is commercially available from E.I. duPont and Monsanto Corp.
- Type 6,6 nylon has the following chemical structure:
- Cationic dyeable Type 6 and Type 6,6 nylon is made by replacing nylon monomer with sulfonated nylon forming monomer. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,579,762 and 3,389,172 (the disclosures of which are both incorporated herein by reference). Cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon and cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon are commercially available from Solutia and Invista.
- Kevlar® is a carbocyclic aromatic homo- or copolymer having chain extending bonds from each aromatic nucleus which are coaxial or parallel and opposite in direction. Kevlar® is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,542 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
- Nomex® is a polycarbonamide disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,324 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). Both Kevlar® and Nomex® are commercially available from E.I. duPont.
- the substrates that are dyed in accordance with the present invention are dyed with reactive dyes.
- a reactive dye is a colored compound which has a suitable group capable of forming a covalent bond between a carbon atom of the dye ion or molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur of a hydroxy, an amino or a mercapto group respectively of the substrate.
- Reactive dyes all rely on many of the same chromophoric groups as acid and direct dyes for their color, although the azo chromophore, —N ⁇ N—, is by far the most important.
- chromophores Any of the following chromophores can be used: mono and diazo (metallized an unmetallized), triphenoxazine and phthalocyanine. Reactive dyes, especially bright blues, often depend on anthroquinone derivatives. Other chromophores are well known to those skilled in the art and can be used in the present invention.
- Reactive dyes contain sodium sulfonate groups for solubility, and dissolve in water to give colored sulfonate anions and sodium cations. Most reactive dyes have from one to four of these sulfonate groups. Reactive dye molecules have several specific structural (reactive) features. These are of two principal types: carbon-nitrogen (heterocyclic) ring structures and masked vinyl sulfones.
- the reactive dyes can have various types of reactive functions.
- reactive dyes having the following reactive functions can be used in the present invention and are commercially available: Dichlorotriazine (DCT) types of dyes are available from ICI Americas Inc. under the brand name PROCION® MX.
- Monochlorotriazine (MCT) types of dyes are available from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand names CIBACRONE and CIBACRON® E; from ICI Americas Inc. under the brand name PROCION® HE; and from Sandoz Corp. under the brand name DRIMAREN® P.
- Vinyl sulfone (VS) types of dyes, are available from Hoechst Celanese Corp.
- Trichloropyrimidine (TCP) types of dyes are available from Sandoz Corp. under the brand name DRIMAREN® Z and from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand name CIBACRON® T-E.
- DCQ Dichloroquinoxaline
- LEVAFIX® E Difluorochloropyrimidine (DFCP) types of dyes are available from Bayer Corp. under the brand names LEVAFIX® E-A.
- Monofluorotriazine (FT) types of dyes are available from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand name CIBACRON® F and from Bayer Corp. under the brand name LEVAFIX® E-N.
- Fluorochloromethyl pyrimidine types of dyes are available from Bayer Corp. under the brand name LEVAFIX® PN.
- the chromophore portion of the reactive dye can be any colored species meeting the appropriate requirements for fastness, solubility, tinctorial value, ecology and economy.
- Azo dyes comprise the majority, with anthraquinone and phthalocyanine comprising most of the other blue dyes.
- Metallized (sometimes referred to as “premetallized”) and formazan dyes are also important blue dyes.
- Other blue dyes are oxazine and thiazine dyes.
- Yellow dyes are generally monoazo and most have pyrazolone or pyridone couplings.
- Orange dyes are generally monoazo derived from couplings to pyrazolones or of slightly substituted phenyl and napthyl groups.
- Red dyes are based on H-acid, while others are substituted phenyl and napthyl or metallized systems. Violet dyes are also metallized monoazo dyes. Brown and black dyes generally are disazo with some exceptions for metallized or polycyclic structures. Green dyes are obtained by bridging an antraquinone blue chromogen with a yellow chromagen, or from phthalocyanine.
- dichlorotriazynyl reactive dyes examples are shown below.
- trichloropyrimidine reactive dyes examples include Drimarene Navy X-GN and C.I. Reactive Blue 214.
- monochlorotriazine reactive dyes are Procion Turquoise H-A, C.I. Reactive Blue 71 and the compounds shown below shown below:
- dichloroquinoxaline reactive dyes examples include Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B and C.I. Reactive Blue 29.
- monofluorotriazine reactive dyes examples include C.I. Reactive Blue 182 and Cibacron Blue F-R shown below:
- difluoropyrimidine reactive dyes are Levafix Brilliant Blue E-BRA and C.I. Reactive Blue 114.
- difluorochloropyrimidine reactive dyes are Drimarene Blue K-2RL and C.I. Reactive Blue 209.
- the reactive dye is present in the aqueous dye solution of the present invention in an amount sufficient to dye the chosen material.
- amounts of reactive dye sufficient to dye the chosen material are approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 10% by weight based on the total weight of the solution (100%); preferably, approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 1% by weight.
- a compound that acts as a Mg +2 donor In order for the reactive dye to form a covalent bond with the carboxyl groups of the substrate, a compound that acts as a Mg +2 donor must be present; i.e., a compound which in aqueous solution provides a Mg +2 ion. Any compound that can contribute a Mg +2 ion to the reaction is useful.
- the magnesium donor compound is preferably a magnesium salt, with MgSO 4 and Mg(OH) 2 being most preferred.
- the magnesium donor compound and the reactive dye solution can be applied to the substrate to be dyed separately. However, it is preferred that the magnesium donor compound be added to the aqueous dye solution.
- the magnesium donor compound is present in the aqueous dye solution of the present invention in an amount approximately equal to the amount of the reactive dye or preferably approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 10% by weight based on the total weight of the solution (100%); especially, approximately 1% by weight to approximately 5% by weight.
- the reactive dye solution In order for the reactive dye to form a covalent bond with the carboxyl groups of the substrate, it is necessary for the reactive dye solution to have a pH of greater than 9.0; preferably, a pH of approximately 10 to 13. Therefore, a pH adjusting component is added to the reactive dye solution to adjust the pH of the solution to the desired value.
- Any compound that will adjust the pH of the reactive dye solution can be used; however, alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal carbonates are preferred.
- the most preferred alkali metal hydroxides are potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and cesium hydroxide (CsOH), with KOH and NaOH being more preferred on the basis of cost and ready availablility from a large number of commercial sources.
- the most preferred alkali metal carbonates are Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , K 2 CO 3 and KHCO 3 .
- reaction between the reactive dye solution and the carboxyl groups of the substrate is believed to be as follows:
- the reactive dye solution be as concentrated as possible consistent with good shelf stability, it is preferred to include a stabilizer capable of retarding precipitation and crystallization of any components or impurities in the solution for a reasonably long, commercially practical shelf life of about 6 months.
- stabilizers include, for example without limitation, aminopolyphosphonates, available from Monsanto Company, for example as DEQUEST® chelates, designations 2000 (aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP)), 2006 (aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, pentasodium salt (Na 5 ATMP)), 2010 (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP)), 2016 (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, tetrasodium salt (Na 4 HEDP)), 2060 (diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), 2066 (diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid, hexasodium salt (Na 6 DTPMP)), among others.
- Other known crystallization inhibitors are polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acids.
- additives and adjuvants that do not adversely affect the performance of the reactive dye solution can be used as desired.
- optional ingredients include for example, without limitation, thickeners, wetting agents, deaerators, defoamers, dye bath lubricants, and the like. All of such additives or adjuvants are well known to those skilled in the art and further details about the type of such additives, the amounts in which they are used and their method of inclusion within the reactive dye solution of the present invention or the dye bath containing it, need not be explained in detail herein.
- the method of dyeing a substrate generally comprises the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous reactive dye solution, including an Mg +2 donor compound, (b) contacting the substrate with the reactive dye solution, and (c) heating the substrate in contact with the dye solution to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time, such that the reactive dye forms a covalent bond with the pendent carboxyl groups of the substrate.
- the temperature to which the substrate in contact with the dye solution should be heated is any temperature that permits the formation of the covalent bond between the reactive dye and the substrate in a commercially practical period of time; preferably approximately 220° to 280° F.; more preferably approximately 260° F.
- the length of time for which the substrate in contact with the dye solution should be heated is that length of time that permits the formation of the covalent bond between the reactive dye and the substrate; preferably approximately 1 minute to 2 hours; most preferably approximately 5 minutes.
- the reactive dye solution of the present invention can be applied to a substrate by various methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by batch, continuous, space dye, pad, print, and exhaust. Variations of reaction conditions can be undertaken without undue experimentation by those skilled in the art using available equipment and typical processing parameters.
- the total wet pick up of the reactive dye solution by the substrate is less than 100% by weight; preferably, approximately 20% by weight to approximately 90% by weight; most preferably approximately 50% by weight.
- the substrate can be rinsed and dried in a manner well-known in the art.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon yarn sock to simulate Knit-de-Knit with applicator rollers.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the sock is then washed and rinsed with clean water and dried.
- the dyed portions of the sock are colorfast and are not dyed another color by acid dyes.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6,6 nylon yarn sock to simulate Knit-de-Knit with applicator rollers.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the sock is then washed and rinsed with clean water and dried.
- the dyed portions of the sock are colorfast and are not dyed another color by acid dyes.
- a sock made from cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon from Solutia is dyed in a pressurized laundrometer using the following procedures.
- a portion of the sock weighing 10 grams is added to a beaker along with 0.2 grams of Foureactive Blue MX-4GC and 5 ml of Arrosalt 2327.
- Distilled water is added to bring the volume to 150 ml.
- the pH is adjusted to 10.5 with Arrocon 2298.
- the contents of the beaker are then brought to 260° F. for 30 minutes.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied to a woven Kevlar® fabric to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the fabric is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed Kevlar® fabric is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied on a knitted Nomex® fabric to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the fabric is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed Nomex® fabric is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator.
- the total wet pick up is 80%.
- the sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F.
- the cooled sample is then rinsed and dried.
- the dyed sock is colorfast.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to a method and composition for dyeing a substrate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate, such as Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®, with a reactive dye.
- Textile designers, especially those who create carpet and upholstery fabric designs, have a need for a pre-dyed nylon yarn which can be combined with an undyed nylon yarn to produce a textile product, such as a tufted carpet or an upholstery fabric. Such a textile product can then be subjected to a further dyeing operation so as to apply a color to the undyed nylon portion of the product which is different from the color or colors of the pre-dyed yarn. The availability of a pre-dyed nylon yarn permitting such processing would make possible styling and design effects in the finished textile product which cannot be achieved in any other way.
- The problem presented is that, most pre-dyed nylon yarn cannot withstand exposure to typical further dyeing treatments which involve subjecting the textile product to an aqueous dyebath having a high temperature; e.g., at or near 220° F. Such exposure causes the coloring in the pre-dyed fiber to at least partially wash out and/or bleed onto the undyed yarn, compromising the final color of that yarn. In addition, the pre-dyed fiber takes on some of the color presented by the further dyeing operation, thereby altering the original color of the pre-dyed fiber.
- To a small extent, this problem can be overcome by employing as the pre-dyed yarn solution-dyed nylon; i.e., nylon into which pigment is incorporated at the time the filaments are produced. The coloring in solution-dyed nylon will not wash out or bleed during further dyeing treatment. However, solution-dyed nylon yarns are available in only a few solid colors, and hence reliance on their use severely limits the creation of designs. Optimum styling effects require pre-dyed yams, both solid color and multicolor dyed yarns, available in a wide range of colors.
- In an attempt to meet this need, American Hoechst Corporation developed bifunctional fiber reactive dyes for use with nylon which are sold under the trademark Remalan. A characteristic of these dyes is that they are treated with a process Hoechst calls “previnylization” which allows them to act as both acid and fiber reactive dyes at different stages of the dyeing process. The Remalan dyes initially form an ionic bond with the amine groups in nylon fiber, similar to the bonds formed when acid dyes are applied to nylon. The nylon yarn is washed and then treated with an alkaline solution, specifically trisodium phosphate, which increases the pH of the dye and activates the fiber reactive portion of the dye. The dyed yarn is dried and then autoclaved, the high temperature and pressure, and alkaline exposure, inducing a reaction between the amine groups of the nylon and the fiber reactive portion of the Remalan dye to create covalent bonds between the dye and amine groups. Thus, the term “bifunctional” dye, as used herein is intended to refer to a dye which exhibits the characteristics of both acid dyes, in their ability to form ionic bonds, and fiber reactive dyes, in their ability to form covalent bonds. As a result of these strong ionic and covalent bonds, nylon yarn carrying Remalan dye can withstand a further dyeing process without washing out or bleeding onto adjacent nylon yarns.
- However, a problem which remains when the American Hoechst technology is employed is that the amine groups, which must be available in the nylon to form ionic and covalent bonds with the Remalan dyes, remain capable of forming ionic bonds with acid, premetalized, and mordant dyes used to color the undyed nylon in the second dyeing process. Thus, if for example, a designer wishes to use a pre-dyed nylon yarn, which has been printed with red and yellow areas using Remalan dyes, so as to provide red and yellow accents in the final nylon carpeting, and the second dyeing process involves coloring the undyed nylon blue, the treatment of the carpeting with the blue dye will inevitably cause the pre-dyed Remalan red and yellow colors to become purple and green.
- To aid in understanding the present invention, it should be pointed out that nylon refers to a variety of long chain, high molecular weight polyamide fibers. Two types of these fibers are of interest to the commercial textile industry; e.g., carpeting and upholstery fabrics.
- Type 6 nylon is made by the polymerization of e-caprolactam. A characteristic of this type of nylon is that it has a very open structure easily penetrated by dyestuff solutions and print pastes, and hence readily dyeable with dark shades. However, the open structure of the fiber makes it more susceptible to having the dye washed out of it, and hence gives the fiber relatively poor washfastness properties. Major producers of Type 6 nylon in the United States are Honeywell Nylon, Inc. and BASF Corp.
- Type 6,6 nylon is produced by the polymeric reaction between hexamethyline diamine and adipic acid. This results in a hydrophilic but much more closed fiber structure and hence slower than Type 6 nylon to absorb dye solutions and print pastes. Consequently, it is more difficult to dye Type 6,6 nylon with dark shades. However, the tighter structure of the fiber gives it much better wash and bleed fastness than is obtained when Type 6 nylon is used. Major producers of Type 6,6 nylon are Invista, Wichita, Kans, and Solutia, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.
- In addition to the differences in dye absorption properties caused by the different degrees of openness of the fiber structures, each nylon manufacturer has offered for commercial sale a range of nylon yams which have been modified to accept different depths of colors. The modification involves the number of reactive groups, or amine ends, which are introduced into the fiber when it is originally spun or produced. The number of amine groups can vary with different yarn producers, but a typical index is as follows: deep dyeable nylon; i.e., nylon that is capable of being dyed to very deep shades, may have an index number of 75, indicating the relatively high proportion of amine groups in the yarn; regular nylon may have an index number of 40; light dyeable nylon may have an index number of 18; and cationic dyeable nylon will have an index number of 0. With reference to cationic dyeable nylon, the index number of 0 does not indicate that there are no amine groups in the nylon. The nylon does contain amine groups, but by adding sulfonic acid to the fiber during the manufacturing process, the amine groups are effectively neutralized leaving the fibers with a negative charge which causes them to resist acid dyes and to form ionic bonds with cationic dyes.
- The Remalan dyes of American Hoechst Corporation can be used successfully with deep dyeable, regular, and light dyeable Type 6 nylon as well as deep dyeable and regular Type 6,6 nylon. However, Remalan dyes do not provide good color yield when used with light dyeable Type 6,6 nylon. Since deep dyeable, regular, and light dyeable Type 6 nylon, and deep dyeable and regular Type 6,6 nylon have relatively high contents of amine ends, these fibers, when pre-dyed do not react well when subjected to a second dyeing operation. Specifically, when these pre-dyed fibers are subjected to a second dyeing operation with acid, premetalized, and mordant dyes, which are used to dye the undyed nylon in the textile product by means of high temperature aqueous dye solutions, the pre-dyed colors tend to be stained by these dyes and hence the original color is compromised. Thus, it will be seen that the very fibers with which Remalan dyes work effectively are those which cannot be successfully used in textile products which must undergo a second dying operation.
- Therefore, in order to provide a maximum range of textile design possibilities, it would be desirable to be able to apply dyes, such as Remalan dyes, to cationic dyeable nylon, since such fiber has no available amine ends and hence will resist taking on acid, premetalized, or mordant dyes during a second dying operation.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,653 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) discloses a method of dyeing cationic dyeable Type 6 and Type 6,6 nylon and light dyeable Type 6,6 nylon, so that the dyed fiber will resist taking on further dye and will have a high degree of wash and bleed fastness when the dyed fiber is subjected to a further high temperature aqueous dyebath. The disclosed method comprises providing a bifunctional fiber reactive dye solution capable of forming both ionic and covalent bonds with the amine groups of the nylon fiber, the dye solution having a pH no higher than 1.5. Then, applying the dye to the fiber with a degree of wet pick up exceeding 100% by weight of the fiber, contacting the fiber with an alkaline solution, and thereafter autoclaving the fiber.
- Surprisingly, it has been found that it is not necessary to use relatively expensive bifunctional dyes to bond the dye to the amine group of the polyamine. Instead, in accordance with the present invention, it has been found that more economical fiber reactive dye can be covalently bonded to the pendent carboxyl groups of polyamides, such as Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®, as well as the pendent carboxyl groups of wool and silk.
- The present invention relates to a method and composition for dyeing a substrate made from a synthetic or natural polymeric materials having pendent carboxyl groups, such as polyamides, silk and wool. The method comprises applying to the substrate a reactive dye solution and heating the substrate in the presence of a magnesium donor compound at a pH of greater than 9.0, such that the reactive dye forms covalent bonds with the pendent carboxyl groups on the polymeric substrate. More specifically, method comprises contacting Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® or Kevlar® with a reactive dye solution and heating the polyamide substrate in the presence of a magnesium donor compound at a pH of greater than 9.0, such that the reactive dye forms covalent bonds with the pendent carboxyl groups on the polyamide substrate.
- In an alternate embodiment, there is disclosed a reactive dye composition. The composition comprises a reactive dye, a magnesium donor compound and a pH adjusting component in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the dye composition to greater than 9.0.
- In another alternate embodiment, there is disclosed polymeric substrates, fibers, yarns, sheets, ribbons and other textile materials dyed with the reactive dye composition of the present invention.
- Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and composition for dyeing substrates, fibers, yarns, fabrics (woven and unwoven), tufted fabrics, sheets, ribbons and other textile materials.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of covalently bonding a fiber reactive dye to a carboxyl group of a polymeric substrate.
- Yet, another object of the present invention is to provide a method of dyeing Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; wool; silk; Nomex® and Kevlar® that is relatively easy and inexpensive.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of dyeing Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; wool; silk; Nomex® and Kevlar® with fiber reactive dyes.
- These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments and the appended claims.
- The present invention relates to a method of dyeing a substrate wherein the substrate is made from a polymeric material having pendent carboxyl groups. Polymeric materials having pendent carboxyl groups include, but are not limited to polyamides, silk and wool. Preferred polyamides useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, Type 6 nylon; Type 6,6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon; cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon; Nomex® and Kevlar®. Substrates made from these materials can be in the form of fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, tufted fabrics, sheets, ribbons or other textile materials.
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- Cationic dyeable Type 6 and Type 6,6 nylon is made by replacing nylon monomer with sulfonated nylon forming monomer. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,579,762 and 3,389,172 (the disclosures of which are both incorporated herein by reference). Cationic dyeable Type 6 nylon and cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon are commercially available from Solutia and Invista. Kevlar® is a carbocyclic aromatic homo- or copolymer having chain extending bonds from each aromatic nucleus which are coaxial or parallel and opposite in direction. Kevlar® is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,542 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). Nomex® is a polycarbonamide disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,287,324 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). Both Kevlar® and Nomex® are commercially available from E.I. duPont.
- The substrates that are dyed in accordance with the present invention are dyed with reactive dyes. A reactive dye is a colored compound which has a suitable group capable of forming a covalent bond between a carbon atom of the dye ion or molecule and an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur of a hydroxy, an amino or a mercapto group respectively of the substrate. Rys and Zollinger, “The Theory of Colouration of Textiles,” Dyers Company (1975). Reactive dyes all rely on many of the same chromophoric groups as acid and direct dyes for their color, although the azo chromophore, —N═N—, is by far the most important. Any of the following chromophores can be used: mono and diazo (metallized an unmetallized), triphenoxazine and phthalocyanine. Reactive dyes, especially bright blues, often depend on anthroquinone derivatives. Other chromophores are well known to those skilled in the art and can be used in the present invention.
- All reactive dyes contain sodium sulfonate groups for solubility, and dissolve in water to give colored sulfonate anions and sodium cations. Most reactive dyes have from one to four of these sulfonate groups. Reactive dye molecules have several specific structural (reactive) features. These are of two principal types: carbon-nitrogen (heterocyclic) ring structures and masked vinyl sulfones.
- The reactive dyes can have various types of reactive functions. By way of example and not limitation, reactive dyes having the following reactive functions can be used in the present invention and are commercially available: Dichlorotriazine (DCT) types of dyes are available from ICI Americas Inc. under the brand name PROCION® MX. Monochlorotriazine (MCT) types of dyes are available from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand names CIBACRONE and CIBACRON® E; from ICI Americas Inc. under the brand name PROCION® HE; and from Sandoz Corp. under the brand name DRIMAREN® P. Vinyl sulfone (VS) types of dyes, are available from Hoechst Celanese Corp. under the brand name REMAZOL® and from Sumitomo Corp. of America under the brand name SUMIFIX®. Trichloropyrimidine (TCP) types of dyes are available from Sandoz Corp. under the brand name DRIMAREN® Z and from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand name CIBACRON® T-E. Dichloroquinoxaline (DCQ) types of dyes are available from Bayer Corp. under the brand name LEVAFIX® E. Difluorochloropyrimidine (DFCP) types of dyes are available from Bayer Corp. under the brand names LEVAFIX® E-A. Monofluorotriazine (FT) types of dyes are available from Ciba-Geigy Corp. under the brand name CIBACRON® F and from Bayer Corp. under the brand name LEVAFIX® E-N. Fluorochloromethyl pyrimidine types of dyes are available from Bayer Corp. under the brand name LEVAFIX® PN.
- The chromophore portion of the reactive dye can be any colored species meeting the appropriate requirements for fastness, solubility, tinctorial value, ecology and economy. Azo dyes comprise the majority, with anthraquinone and phthalocyanine comprising most of the other blue dyes. Metallized (sometimes referred to as “premetallized”) and formazan dyes are also important blue dyes. Other blue dyes are oxazine and thiazine dyes. Yellow dyes are generally monoazo and most have pyrazolone or pyridone couplings. Orange dyes are generally monoazo derived from couplings to pyrazolones or of slightly substituted phenyl and napthyl groups. Many red dyes are based on H-acid, while others are substituted phenyl and napthyl or metallized systems. Violet dyes are also metallized monoazo dyes. Brown and black dyes generally are disazo with some exceptions for metallized or polycyclic structures. Green dyes are obtained by bridging an antraquinone blue chromogen with a yellow chromagen, or from phthalocyanine.
-
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- Examples of trichloropyrimidine reactive dyes are Drimarene Navy X-GN and C.I. Reactive Blue 214.
-
- Examples of dichloroquinoxaline reactive dyes are Levafix Brilliant Blue E-B and C.I. Reactive Blue 29.
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- Examples of difluoropyrimidine reactive dyes are Levafix Brilliant Blue E-BRA and C.I. Reactive Blue 114. Examples of difluorochloropyrimidine reactive dyes are Drimarene Blue K-2RL and C.I. Reactive Blue 209.
- The reactive dye is present in the aqueous dye solution of the present invention in an amount sufficient to dye the chosen material. Generally amounts of reactive dye sufficient to dye the chosen material are approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 10% by weight based on the total weight of the solution (100%); preferably, approximately 0.1% by weight to approximately 1% by weight.
- In order for the reactive dye to form a covalent bond with the carboxyl groups of the substrate, a compound that acts as a Mg+2 donor must be present; i.e., a compound which in aqueous solution provides a Mg+2 ion. Any compound that can contribute a Mg+2 ion to the reaction is useful. The magnesium donor compound is preferably a magnesium salt, with MgSO4 and Mg(OH)2 being most preferred.
- The magnesium donor compound and the reactive dye solution can be applied to the substrate to be dyed separately. However, it is preferred that the magnesium donor compound be added to the aqueous dye solution. The magnesium donor compound is present in the aqueous dye solution of the present invention in an amount approximately equal to the amount of the reactive dye or preferably approximately 0.01% by weight to approximately 10% by weight based on the total weight of the solution (100%); especially, approximately 1% by weight to approximately 5% by weight.
- In order for the reactive dye to form a covalent bond with the carboxyl groups of the substrate, it is necessary for the reactive dye solution to have a pH of greater than 9.0; preferably, a pH of approximately 10 to 13. Therefore, a pH adjusting component is added to the reactive dye solution to adjust the pH of the solution to the desired value. Any compound that will adjust the pH of the reactive dye solution can be used; however, alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal carbonates are preferred. The most preferred alkali metal hydroxides are potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and cesium hydroxide (CsOH), with KOH and NaOH being more preferred on the basis of cost and ready availablility from a large number of commercial sources. The most preferred alkali metal carbonates are Na2CO3, NaHCO3, K2CO3 and KHCO3.
-
- Since it is intended that the reactive dye solution be as concentrated as possible consistent with good shelf stability, it is preferred to include a stabilizer capable of retarding precipitation and crystallization of any components or impurities in the solution for a reasonably long, commercially practical shelf life of about 6 months. Various types of stabilizers include, for example without limitation, aminopolyphosphonates, available from Monsanto Company, for example as DEQUEST® chelates, designations 2000 (aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid (ATMP)), 2006 (aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid, pentasodium salt (Na5ATMP)), 2010 (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP)), 2016 (hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, tetrasodium salt (Na4HEDP)), 2060 (diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP), 2066 (diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid, hexasodium salt (Na6DTPMP)), among others. Other known crystallization inhibitors are polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acids.
- Other additives and adjuvants that do not adversely affect the performance of the reactive dye solution can be used as desired. Such optional ingredients include for example, without limitation, thickeners, wetting agents, deaerators, defoamers, dye bath lubricants, and the like. All of such additives or adjuvants are well known to those skilled in the art and further details about the type of such additives, the amounts in which they are used and their method of inclusion within the reactive dye solution of the present invention or the dye bath containing it, need not be explained in detail herein.
- The method of dyeing a substrate according to the present invention generally comprises the steps of: (a) providing an aqueous reactive dye solution, including an Mg+2 donor compound, (b) contacting the substrate with the reactive dye solution, and (c) heating the substrate in contact with the dye solution to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time, such that the reactive dye forms a covalent bond with the pendent carboxyl groups of the substrate. The temperature to which the substrate in contact with the dye solution should be heated is any temperature that permits the formation of the covalent bond between the reactive dye and the substrate in a commercially practical period of time; preferably approximately 220° to 280° F.; more preferably approximately 260° F. The length of time for which the substrate in contact with the dye solution should be heated is that length of time that permits the formation of the covalent bond between the reactive dye and the substrate; preferably approximately 1 minute to 2 hours; most preferably approximately 5 minutes.
- The reactive dye solution of the present invention can be applied to a substrate by various methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by batch, continuous, space dye, pad, print, and exhaust. Variations of reaction conditions can be undertaken without undue experimentation by those skilled in the art using available equipment and typical processing parameters. The total wet pick up of the reactive dye solution by the substrate is less than 100% by weight; preferably, approximately 20% by weight to approximately 90% by weight; most preferably approximately 50% by weight.
- After the reactive dye has been covalently bonded to the substrate, the substrate can be rinsed and dried in a manner well-known in the art.
- The following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The following ingredient were used for all examples.
Ingredient Composition Fourgum 5352 Viscosity control agent which is a blend of acrylic copolymer and polysaccharide Foureactive yellow MX-3RA Reactive Orange 86 Foureactive Red MX-8B Reactive Red 11 Foureactive Blue MX-4GC Blend of Azo Reactive Blue dyes Arrosalt 2327 25% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution Arrofix NB-12 Sulphonated phenolic formaldehyde condensate fixative Arrofix ARS-7 Methacrylic polymer fixative Arrotex 2446 fluorochemical resin emulsion Arrocon 2298 43% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution - Fourgum, Foureactive, Arrosalt, Arofix, Arrotex and Arrocon products are commercially available from Four Colors Acquisitions, Dalton, Ga. and Arrow Engineering, Dalton, Ga.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352;
- 10 g/l Foureactive yellow MX-3RA;
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327;
- 50 g/l Arrofix NB-12;
- 25 g/l Arrotex 2446; and
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon yarn sock to simulate Knit-de-Knit with applicator rollers. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The sock is then washed and rinsed with clean water and dried. The dyed portions of the sock are colorfast and are not dyed another color by acid dyes.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352;
- 10 g/l Foureactive yellow MX-3RA;
- 5 g/l Foureactive Red MX-8B;
- 5 g/l Foureactive Blue Mx-4GC;
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327;
- 20 g/l Arrofix ARS-7;
- 10 g/l Arrotex 2446; and
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 12.0.
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6,6 nylon yarn sock to simulate Knit-de-Knit with applicator rollers. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The sock is then washed and rinsed with clean water and dried. The dyed portions of the sock are colorfast and are not dyed another color by acid dyes.
- A sock made from cationic dyeable Type 6,6 nylon from Solutia is dyed in a pressurized laundrometer using the following procedures. A portion of the sock weighing 10 grams is added to a beaker along with 0.2 grams of Foureactive Blue MX-4GC and 5 ml of Arrosalt 2327. Distilled water is added to bring the volume to 150 ml. The pH is adjusted to 10.5 with Arrocon 2298. The contents of the beaker are then brought to 260° F. for 30 minutes. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Foureactive yellow MX-3RA
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied to a woven Kevlar® fabric to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The fabric is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed Kevlar® fabric is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Foureactive yellow MX-3RA
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied on a knitted Nomex® fabric to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The fabric is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed Nomex® fabric is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Reactive Orange 86 (Dichlorotriazine)
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Reactive Yellow 17 (vinyl sulfone)
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Reactive Yellow 145 (Bifunctional: Vinyl sulfone and monochloratriazine)
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied to a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Reactive Yellow 84 (Monochloratrizine)
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- One liter of reactive dye bath solution is made by combining the following components with mixing in aqueous solution:
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- 10 g/l synthetic gum Fourgum 5352
- 10 g/l Reactive Orange 20 (monofluorotriazine)
- 15 g/l Arrosalt 2327
- distilled water sufficient to make 1 liter.
The pH of the solution is then adjusted with alkali Arrocon 2298 to 10.0.
- This dye bath is then applied on a Type 6 nylon knitted sock to simulate a print applicator. The total wet pick up is 80%. The sock is dried and then autoclaved for 15 minutes at 260° F. The cooled sample is then rinsed and dried. The dyed sock is colorfast.
- It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates only to certain disclosed embodiments of the present invention and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (35)
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US (1) | US20070107145A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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US20100136335A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-06-03 | Sargent Ralph R | Compositions and methods for treating textile fibers |
EP2292680A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-09 | Jen-Taut Yeh | Deep Dyeing Process of Polyamide and Polyolefin |
US11098445B2 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2021-08-24 | Anderson Group, Ltd. | Continuous linear substrate infusion |
US11753505B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2023-09-12 | Xerox Corporation | Polyamides with pendent optical absorbers and related methods |
US11787937B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2023-10-17 | Xerox Corporation | Particles comprising polyamides with pendent optical absorbers and related methods |
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US6398822B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2002-06-04 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Packaged hair coloring composition |
US6540791B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2003-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable alkaline hair bleaching compositions and method for use thereof |
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US6190735B1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2001-02-20 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for treating a fibrous material and article thereof |
US6398822B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2002-06-04 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Packaged hair coloring composition |
US6540791B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2003-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable alkaline hair bleaching compositions and method for use thereof |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100136335A1 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2010-06-03 | Sargent Ralph R | Compositions and methods for treating textile fibers |
AU2015207924B2 (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2017-02-02 | Peach State Labs, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating textile fibers |
EP2292680A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-09 | Jen-Taut Yeh | Deep Dyeing Process of Polyamide and Polyolefin |
US11098445B2 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2021-08-24 | Anderson Group, Ltd. | Continuous linear substrate infusion |
US11359332B2 (en) | 2016-05-06 | 2022-06-14 | Anderson Group, Ltd. | Continuous linear substrate infusion |
US20220275575A1 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2022-09-01 | Anderson Group, Ltd. | Continuous linear substrate infusion |
US11718955B2 (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2023-08-08 | Southwire Company, Llc | Continuous linear substrate infusion |
US11753505B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2023-09-12 | Xerox Corporation | Polyamides with pendent optical absorbers and related methods |
US11787937B2 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2023-10-17 | Xerox Corporation | Particles comprising polyamides with pendent optical absorbers and related methods |
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