US20070083200A1 - Spinal stabilization systems and methods - Google Patents
Spinal stabilization systems and methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070083200A1 US20070083200A1 US11/234,481 US23448105A US2007083200A1 US 20070083200 A1 US20070083200 A1 US 20070083200A1 US 23448105 A US23448105 A US 23448105A US 2007083200 A1 US2007083200 A1 US 2007083200A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vertebral body
- superior
- inferior
- foramenal
- spacer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 210000002517 zygapophyseal joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012781 shape memory material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 14
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 22
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000560 biocompatible material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011477 surgical intervention Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000020307 Spinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni].[Ni] HLXZNVUGXRDIFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061246 Intervertebral disc degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020339 Spinal injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011882 arthroplasty Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018180 degenerative disc disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009207 exercise therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000021600 intervertebral disc degenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002684 laminectomy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000028755 loss of height Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000554 physical therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7071—Implants for expanding or repairing the vertebral arch or wedged between laminae or pedicles; Tools therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/4405—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for apophyseal or facet joints, i.e. between adjacent spinous or transverse processes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
- A61B17/7064—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral facets; Tools therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30563—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having elastic means or damping means, different from springs, e.g. including an elastomeric core or shock absorbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30576—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs
- A61F2002/30578—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs having apertures, e.g. for receiving fixation screws
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2002/4495—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs having a fabric structure, e.g. made from wires or fibres
Definitions
- the spine is comprised of twenty-four vertebrae that are stacked one upon the other to form the spinal column.
- the spine provides strength and support to allow the body to stand and to provide flexibility and motion.
- a Section of each vertebrae includes a passageway that provides passage of the spinal cord through the spinal column. The spine thereby encases and protects the spinal cord.
- the spinal cord also includes thirty-one pairs of nerve roots that branch from either side of the spinal cord, extending through spaces between the vertebrae known as the neural foramen.
- An intervertebral disc is located between each pair of-vertebrae.
- the disc is composed of three component structures: (1) the nucleus pulposus; (2) the annulus fibrosus; and (3) the vertebral endplates.
- the disc serves several purposes, including absorbing shock, relieving friction, and handling pressure exerted between the superior and inferior vertebral bodies associated with the disc.
- the disc also relieves stress between the vertebral bodies, which stress would otherwise lead to degeneration or fracture of the vertebral bodies.
- Disorders of the spine comprise some of the costliest and most debilitating health problems facing the populations of the United States and the rest of the world, costing billions of dollars each year. Moreover, as these populations continue to age, the incidence of spinal disorders will continue to grow. Typical disorders include those caused by disease, trauma, genetic disorders, or other causes.
- the state of the art includes a number of treatment options. Medicinal treatments, exercise, and physical therapy are typical conservative treatment options. Less conservative treatment options include surgical intervention, including microdiscectomy, kyphoplasty, laminectomy, dynamic stabilization, disc arthroplasty, and spinal fusion. Traditionally, these treatment options have been applied in isolation, rather than in combination, using the most conservative treatment option that will provide a desired result.
- Panjabi introduced a model of a dynamic spinal stabilization system that describes the interaction between components providing stability in the spine. This model defined spinal instability in terms of a region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment, identified as the “neutral zone.” Panjabi, M M., “The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis.” J Spinal Disord 5 (4): 390-397, 1992b. There is some evidence that the neutral zone can be increased in cases of intervertebral disc degeneration, spinal injury and spinal fixation. Id Panjabi has subsequently described dynamic stabilization systems that provide increased mechanical support while the spine is in the neutral zone and decreased support as the spine moves away from the neutral zone. See United States Published Patent Application No. 2004/0236329, published Nov. 25, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- the spinal stabilization components are suitable for use individually, together, or with other known spinal stabilization components and systems.
- the foramenal spacer includes a member that has a size and shape adapted for insertion into the foramen located between a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies to prevent the pair of vertebral bodies from collapsing into one another, i.e., to maintain the interpedicular spacing between the adjacent vertebral bodies.
- the foramenal spacer also preferably includes a passage or other member that protects the nerve root from being compressed or otherwise physically impacted as it traverses the foramen.
- the foramenal spacer includes an upper C-shaped member, a lower C-shaped member, and an attachment member for attaching the upper C-shaped member to the lower C-shaped member.
- the upper C-shaped member is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the superior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies, while the lower C-shaped member is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the inferior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies.
- the upper and lower C-shaped members When attached together, define a passageway therethrough for allowing passage of the nerve root.
- the attachment member may comprise a tongue and groove mechanism, a snap-fit mechanism, or other suitable mechanism for attaching the upper and lower C-shaped member together.
- the upper C-shaped member and lower C-shaped member may each be provided with surfaces adapted to butt up against one another to form a butt-joint.
- the C-shaped members are mated such that they allow some travel (e.g., extension) relative to each other, such as that which may be required during flexion, extension and lateral bending, and maintain the patentcy of the passageway to allow passage of the nerve root.
- the foramenal spacer includes an upper segment and a lower segment.
- the upper segment is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the superior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies
- the lower segment is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the inferior vertebral body and also to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies.
- the interior surface of one of the upper segment or the lower segment and the external surface of the other of the upper segment or the lower segment define a pair of rounded, mating surfaces that together define a bearing structure that allows the upper segment to pivot relative to the lower segment.
- the upper segment and lower segment thereby act as a bearing to define a center of rotation.
- the foramenal spacer provides a supporting structure that also protects the nerve root traversing the foramen, and that allows the superior and inferior vertebral bodies to pivot relative to one another.
- the foramenal spacer is formed of a rigid biocompatible material, such as stainless steel, metal alloys, or other metallic materials, or a rigid polymeric material.
- the foramenal spacer is provided with an outer layer formed of a soft, conformable material (e.g., an elastomeric polymer such as polyurethane) that provides conformability with the foramen geometry and allows flexion, extension and lateral bending of the spine.
- the foramenal spacer includes an inner liner formed of a soft and/or low-friction material to provide an atraumatic surface for passage of the nerve root.
- devices, systems and methods for facet joint augmentation and replacement are provided.
- the devices and systems are intended to stabilize the spine and to increase the foramenal space to thereby reduce the likelihood of nerve root impingement.
- the stabilization and increase of foramenal space is accomplished by inserting a stabilizing member into the facet joint to restore the intra-foramenal distance.
- the stabilizing member comprises a structure that provides shock absorbance, cushioning, and support to the facet joint.
- the stabilizing member comprises an encapsulated cushion.
- the stabilizing member comprises a structure having a pair of endplates separated by a resilient core member.
- the facet joint implant includes an upper prosthetic facet for attachment to the superior vertebral body, and a lower prosthetic facet for attachment to the inferior vertebral body.
- Each prosthetic facet is attached to its respective vertebral body by screws or other similar mechanisms.
- Each prosthetic facet joint includes a pair of facing plates and a core member located between the pair of facing plates. The prosthetic facet is constructed and attached in a manner such that it closely mimics the functionality and performance of the natural facet joint.
- a lateral spinal stabilization device in a third aspect, includes an upper attachment member and a lower attachment member for attaching to the lateral surfaces of each of the superior and inferior vertebral bodies, respectively, and a stabilizing member connected and extending between each of the upper and lower attachment members.
- the stabilizing member comprises a damping mechanism.
- the stabilizing member comprises a pair of endplates separated by a resilient core member.
- an anterior spinal stabilization device is provided.
- the anterior spinal stabilization device is adapted to be attached to the anterior surfaces of a pair of vertebral bodies and to extend between the pair of vertebral bodies to provide stabilization to the anterior portion of the vertebral unit.
- the anterior spinal stabilization device is in the form of a spring having a structure sufficient to carry a load after implantation and attachment to the vertebral unit.
- the anterior stabilization device is preferably implanted by way of a minimally invasive anterior approach, although posterior and lateral approaches are also possible.
- a dynamic stabilization device in a fifth aspect, includes a posterior spacer member that is located generally between a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies on the posterior side of the spine.
- the posterior spacer is preferably formed of a generally compliant material and functions to maintain spacing between the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies while allowing relative motion between the vertebral bodies.
- the posterior spacer is generally in the form of a short cylinder, having a central through-hole to allow passage of one or more restrictor bands, which are described more fully below.
- the spacer may take other shapes or forms, however, depending upon the size and shape of the spinal treatment site.
- the dynamic stabilization device also includes one or more restrictor bands, each of which preferably comprises a loop formed of an elastic material.
- the restrictor band(s) each have a size and shape adapted to be attached to the spinous processes extending from the posterior of the adjacent vertebral bodies, or to be attached by an appropriate attachment mechanism to the lamina of the adjacent bodies.
- the bands provide both stability and compliance.
- the performance properties of the bands are able to be varied by choice of materials, size of the bands, and by the routing of the restrictor band(s) between the adjacent vertebral bodies. For example, restrictor bands that are oriented more vertically than diagonally will provide greater resistance to flexion of the spine, whereas the more diagonal orientation will provide additional resistance to torsional movements.
- a dynamic stabilization device is constructed and includes materials that allow the device to be adjusted post-operatively.
- the dynamic stabilization device includes a superior attachment member for attachment to the pedicle of a superior vertebral body, an inferior attachment member for attachment to the pedicle of an inferior vertebral body, and one or more spring members extending between and interconnecting the superior and inferior attachment members.
- the spring member is formed of a shape memory material, such as nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol). The properties of the spring member may thereby be altered post-operatively by heating elements of the device, such as by applying an electric current.
- the properties of the spring member may be altered in a known manner by application of heat in this manner.
- the electric current is applied by placing leads against the spring member under X-ray or other guidance
- a given spring member may be extended or contracted to provide greater or lesser load support, or to alter any other performance characteristic of the device.
- a spinal stabilization device is provided that is capable of transferring reactions from one spinal segment to an adjacent segment. In this manner, the spinal stabilization device transfers loads and reactions in the same manner as is done by the natural spinal segments operating properly.
- the spinal stabilization device includes at least one fixation member associated with each vertebral body, and a linkage member extending between each pair of superior and inferior fixation members.
- the fixation members each allow for rotation of the linkage members, thereby providing the ability for one vertebral segment to be loaded (or unloaded), either in compression or torsion, based upon the activity being undergone at an adjacent vertebral segment.
- a dynamic stabilization device includes a combination of an interspinous stabilization member and one or more pedicle based stabilization members.
- the one or more pedicle based stabilization members function by biasing the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies apart, while the interspinous stabilization member functions by biasing together the spinous processes of the adjacent pair of vertebral bodies. The combined action of the interspinous member and the pedicle based member(s) is to create a moment that relieves pressure from the disc.
- a dynamic stabilization device is provided and is attached to a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies at or near one or both pairs of transverse processes extending from the pair of vertebral bodies.
- at least one superior attachment member such as a screw
- at least one inferior attachment member such as a screw
- a loading member extends between and interconnects the superior and inferior attachment members.
- the attachment members may optionally extend through the transverse processes into the vertebral bodies, or they may be attached to the vertebral bodies adjacent to the transverse processes.
- a dynamic stabilization device is attached such that the stabilization member is located externally of the patient's skin surface.
- the stabilization member is attached to a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies by a pair of screws that extend through the patient's skin and into the pair of vertebral bodies. The stabilization member is then attached to and extends between the pair of screws on the exterior of the patient.
- the device is preferably fully adjustable.
- a dynamic stabilization device in yet other embodiments, includes a fill-type adjustment mechanism.
- the device includes a superior attachment member that is preferably attached to the spinous process of a superior vertebral body, an inferior attachment member that is preferably attached to the spinous process of an inferior vertebral body, and a stabilization member that extends between and interconnects the superior and inferior attachment members.
- the attachment members may include screws, or other suitable attachment mechanisms. Interposed between at least one of the attachment members and the stabilization member is a pot.
- the added volume occupied in the pot decreases the operating length of the stabilization member, thereby also changing the performance characteristics of a given stabilization member.
- adding material to the pot provides the ability to adjust the device post-operatively.
- the post-operative adjustment may be done percutaneously.
- a dynamic stabilization device includes an intervertebral spacer having an integrated stabilizing disc, the combined unit being interposed between the spinous processes of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies.
- each of the foregoing devices, structures, and methods is adapted to be used independently, or in combinations of two or more. Preferably, several devices, structures, or methods are used in combination to obtain desired results. In particular, each of the foregoing devices may be used in combination with a prosthetic intervertebral disc to obtain desired therapeutic results.
- FIG. 1 is a lateral view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including representation of the foramen and nerve roots traversing the foramen.
- FIGS. 2 A-G are illustrations of foramenal spacers in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a posterior view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including representation of the facets and facet joints.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a facet joint stabilizing member.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a facet joint stabilizing member shown implanted in a facet joint.
- FIGS. 6 A-B are illustrations of prosthetic facets.
- FIG. 7 is an illustration of a portion of a spinal column having a plurality of prosthetic facets in place of the native facets.
- FIG. 8 is a lateral view of a pair of vertebral bodies having a lateral stabilization device implanted therebetween.
- FIG. 9A is a lateral view of a pair of vertebral bodies having an anterior stabilization device and a posterior stabilization device implanted therebetween.
- FIG. 9B is an illustration of an anterior stabilization device.
- FIG. 10A is an illustration of a spacer member.
- FIGS. 10 B-D are illustrations of posterior dynamic stabilization devices including a spacer member and restrictor bands.
- FIG. 11 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 12 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 13 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 14 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 15 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 16 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 17 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system.
- FIG. 18 is a three dimensional cross-sectional view of an exemplary prosthetic intervertebral disc.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including a superior vertebral body 100 and an inferior vertebral body 102 .
- Each vertebral body includes a pair of transverse processes 104 a - b and a spinous process 106 extending generally posteriorly from each vertebral body 100 , 102 .
- a disc 108 is located between the superior vertebral body 100 and the inferior vertebral body 102 .
- the spinal cord 110 extends through a central passage formed by the spinal column, and nerve roots 112 transverse the foramenal space 114 defined by the pair of vertebral bodies.
- the superior vertebral body 100 and inferior vertebral body 102 tend to collapse upon each other, thereby decreasing the amount of space formed by the foramen 114 . This result also commonly occurs when the vertebral bodies are afflicted with disease or are fractured or otherwise damaged.
- the vertebral bodies 100 , 102 tend to impinge upon the nerve root 112 , causing discomfort, pain, and possible damage to the nerve root.
- the foramenal spacers described herein are intended to alleviate this problem by maintaining the foramenal opening and otherwise protecting the nerve root from impingement by the vertebral bodies.
- the foramenal spacer 120 includes a superior C-shaped member 122 and an inferior C-shaped member 124 .
- the pair of C-shaped members preferably include an attachment mechanism or a pair of mating surfaces.
- the superior C-shaped member 122 is provided with a groove 126 on each of its inferior-facing surfaces 128
- the inferior C-shaped member 124 includes a mating tab 130 on each of its superior-facing surfaces 132 .
- the tabs may be place on the superior C-shaped member and the grooves on the inferior C-shaped member, or still other attachment members may be used, such as a snap-fit mechanism or other similar structure.
- the mating surfaces 128 , 132 may simply butt up against one another to form a butt-joint that prevents collapse of the foramenal space.
- the pair of C-shaped members define a generally disc-shaped member 134 having a central through-hole 136 .
- the central through-hole 136 has a size and shape adapted to allow the nerve root 112 to pass without impingement as shown, for example, in FIGS. 2C and 2D .
- the foramenal spacer 120 may be provided with an outer layer 140 that includes a coating of a soft, conformable material.
- the outer layer 140 preferably covers all of the external-facing surfaces of the foramenal spacer 120 , and particularly those that are positioned to engage the vertebral body surfaces.
- the outer layer 140 is preferably formed of a soft, conformable biocompatible material such as silicone, polyurethane, or other similar polymeric materials, and may be applied to the foramenal spacer 120 by methods well-known in the art.
- the outer layer 140 may provide structural protection to the vertebral bodies forming the foramenal space, and also allows the foramenal spacer 120 to adapt to the varying foramenal geometries formed by the vertebral bodies.
- An optional inner layer or liner 142 may be provided on the exposed surfaces defining the through-hole 136 .
- the inner layer or liner 142 is preferably formed of a coating of soft and/or low-friction material to provide an atraumatic surface for passage of the nerve root 112 .
- the inner layer or liner 142 is formed of similar materials as those used for the outer layer 140 , including silicone, polyurethane, or other polymeric materials.
- the inner layer or liner 142 may comprise a coating of polyethylene, PTFE, or other similar material.
- an optional spring member, gasket, cushion, or other similar material or device may be interposed between the superior C-shaped member 122 and the inferior C-shaped member 124 .
- the spring member (or the like) may be located on the abutting surfaces of the two C-shaped members. This spring member (or the like) provides the spacer 120 with the capability of vertical expansion and contraction as the spring member extends and compresses, thereby providing a range of motion for supporting the foramenal space.
- the foramenal spacer 120 includes an upper segment 150 and a lower segment 156 .
- the upper segment 150 includes an external surface 152 that has a shape adapted to engage the portion of the superior vertebral body defining the foramenal space 114 .
- the lower segment 156 includes an external surface 158 that has a shape adapted to engage the portion of the inferior vertebral body defining the foramenal space 114 .
- An internal surface 154 of the upper segment 150 includes a curved portion that is adapted to rotatably engage a mating curved portion of the external surface 158 of the lower segment 156 .
- the upper segment 150 and lower segment 156 are rotationally connected to one another, i.e. the upper segment 150 and lower segment 152 function similar to a bearing having a center of rotation.
- the foramenal spacer 120 allows the two vertebral bodies to pivot relative to one another, thereby providing an additional range of motion.
- the foramenal spacer 120 shown in FIG. 2F also optionally includes the outer layer 140 and inner layer or liner 142 described above in relation to FIG. 2E .
- the foramenal spacer 120 may be implanted by any appropriate surgical technique, including accessing the foramenal space by either a posterior approach or a lateral approach.
- the lateral approach is believed to provide optimal access to find exposure of the foramen, but techniques for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforamenal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) also provide sufficient access.
- PLIF posterior lumbar interbody fusion
- TLIF transforamenal lumbar interbody fusion
- the foramenal spacer 120 is preferably attached to the pedicle or other anatomic structure that allows extension of the spacer into the foramenal space 114 .
- the foramenal spacer 120 may be press fit into the foramen 116 , as illustrated in FIG. 2G , or a tab (not shown) may be provided for attaching the foramenal spacer 120 to the pedicle or other anatomical structure.
- FIG. 3 a posterior view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies is shown.
- the Figures illustrates a superior vertebral body 100 and an inferior vertebral body 102 .
- Each vertebral body includes a pair of transverse processes 104 a - b and a spinous process 106 extending generally posteriorly from each vertebral body 100 , 102 .
- the spinal cord 110 extends through a central passage formed by the spinal column, and nerve roots 112 transverse the foramenal space 114 defined by the pair of vertebral bodies.
- a facet joint 118 is formed by a pair of facing facets, one each from the superior and inferior vertebral bodies.
- the facet stabilizing member 170 preferably includes a core member 172 encased in a jacket 174 .
- the core member 172 is preferably formed of a hydrogel, polyurethane, or other polymeric material suitable for providing the shock absorbing and spacing function necessary to stabilize the facet joint.
- the jacket 174 may be a woven fabric of biocompatible material and is intended to maintain the integrity and shape of the core member 172 and to otherwise provide structural strength to the facet stabilizing member 170 .
- the facet stabilizing member 170 has a size and shape adapted to be placed in the facet joint 118 to thereby provide stabilization to the joint and to prevent collapse of the foramenal space.
- the spinal stabilizing member 170 includes an upper endplate 180 , a lower endplate 182 , and a core member 184 extending between and interconnecting the upper endplate 180 and lower endplate 182 .
- the facet stabilizing member also includes a plurality of fibers 186 wound between and interconnecting the upper endplate 180 and lower endplate 182 .
- the construction and materials of the facet stabilizing member 170 shown in FIG. 5 are similar to the construction and materials of the prosthetic intervertebral disc described below in relation to FIG. 18 , and to several of the prosthetic intervertebral discs described in U.S. Patent application Ser. No.
- prosthetic discs described in the foregoing applications may also be adapted for use as a facet stabilizing member 170 as described herein.
- the size of the facet stabilizing member 170 is typically smaller than the sizes of the prosthetic discs described in the foregoing applications, but the overall construction of the structure is preferably the same.
- the facet stabilizing member 170 is implanted between the pair of opposed facets associated with the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies. Additional features, such as fins, fixation members, or other structures (not shown), may also be incorporated on the facet stabilizing member 170 to limit translation.
- the facet joint is synovial, therefore requiring implantation through the capsule. Access to the facet joint is obtained by any of the methods described above in relation to implantation of the foramenal space r.
- FIGS. 6 A-B prosthetic facets and facet joints are shown.
- some or all of the facet is removed to provide access to implant one or more prosthetic structures.
- many spinal procedures create loss of height of the disc or similar unintended results.
- each prosthetic facet 190 includes an attachment arm 192 that is generally elongated and curved to match the shape and structure of the native facet.
- the attachment arm 192 terminates in an endplate 194 that mimics the facing surface of the native facet.
- the attachment arm 192 is attached to its associated vertebral body by one or more screws 196 or other suitable attachment mechanism.
- a facet stabilizing member 170 is interposed between a pair of prosthetic facets 190 , with the facet endplates 194 serving as the endplates for the facet stabilizing member 170 . (See, in particular, FIG. 6B ).
- the prosthetic facet joint is oriented to be on plane with the native facet. Thus, the orientation of the facet joint will vary between vertebral segments.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a multi-level stabilization over several adjacent vertebral segments using the prosthetic facets 190 .
- a first prosthetic facet 190 is attached to the sacrum 119
- additional prosthetic facets 190 are attached to the L5 and L4 vertebrae.
- the lateral stabilization device 200 includes an upper attachment arm 202 a adapted to be attached to the superior vertebral body 100 by one or more screws 204 or other attachment mechanism, and a lower attachment arm 202 b adapted to be attached to the inferior vertebral body 102 by one or more screws 204 or other attachment mechanism.
- the device also includes a stabilization member 206 .
- the stabilization member 206 may include a spring, a combination of springs, a damping mechanism, or other mechanism that provides a desired stabilization function.
- the stabilization member includes a structure identical to the facet stabilization member 170 described above in relation to FIG. 5 .
- the lateral stabilization device 200 is attached to the lateral surfaces of the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies 100 , 102 .
- a lateral stabilization device 200 is attached on both lateral sides of the pair of vertebral bodies.
- FIG. 9 shows a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies 100 , 102 having both a posterior stabilization device 210 and an anterior stabilization device 220 attached to each of the pair of vertebral bodies.
- the posterior stabilization device 210 includes a pair of pedicle screws 212 , one attached to each of the superior vertebral body 100 and the inferior vertebral body 102 .
- a stabilization member 212 extends between and interconnects the pair of pedicle screws 212 .
- the stabilization member 214 may comprise a load bearing dynamic structure that is spring loaded, that includes a damping member, or any combination of such structures.
- the anterior stabilization device 220 includes an anterior element 222 , the details of which are best shown in FIG. 9B .
- the anterior element 222 is preferably formed of a material having superelastic properties, and includes a shape that allows the anterior element 222 to be constrained for a minimally invasive implantation procedure. As shown, the anterior element 222 includes an attachment hole 224 at each end, and a central portion 226 that includes a pair of side bands 228 a - b that define a central aperture 230 .
- the anterior element 222 may be rolled or compressed into a low profile contracted state for implantation. Once introduced, the anterior element is partially released from the contracted state and attached to the pair of vertebral bodies adjacent to the damaged disc 108 .
- the anterior element 222 is preferably attached by screws or other suitable mechanisms. Once attached, the anterior element 222 is fully extended to its operative state and is capable of bearing loads to provide stabilization to the vertebral segments.
- the anterior stabilization device 220 may be used alone, in combination with the posterior stabilization device 210 illustrated in FIG. 9A , or in combination with any other suitable stabilization device or structure.
- a combination of stabilization devices it may be possible to provide additional amounts or types of stabilization and unloading of the vertebral segment than is possible by use of only a single stabilization structure.
- the dynamic stabilization devices include a posterior spacer and one or more restrictor bands.
- the spacer may be integrated with the restrictor band(s), or it may be provided independently of the restrictor band(s).
- the posterior spacer 240 is generally in the shape of a short cylinder, having a central through-hole 242 and an upper surface 244 and lower surface 246 .
- the posterior spacer 240 may optionally be provided in any other form or shape, as described more fully below.
- the spacer 240 is preferably formed of a generally compliant biocompatible material, such as a polyurethane, silicone, or other suitable polymeric material.
- the spacer 240 is generally located between the spinous processes of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies. The spacer maintains the spacing between the vertebral bodies while allowing a desired amount of relative motion between the two vertebral bodies.
- the restrictor band(s) 250 are each preferably formed in a continuous loop and are formed of a relatively elastic biocompatible material, such as any number of elastomeric and/or polymeric materials suitable for the purpose.
- the restrictor band(s) 250 are linked to the posterior spine to provide both stability and compliance.
- the band(s) 250 are attached either to the lamina by way of attachment screws 252 or other suitable attachment mechanisms (see FIG. 10C , or they are looped directly onto the spinous processes 106 of the pair of vertebral bodies (see FIGS. 10B, 10D ).
- the materials, sizes, structures, and routing of the restrictor band(s) 250 are able to be tailored to obtain a desired type and degree of constraint.
- a routing pattern that is oriented relatively more diagonally, as in FIG. 10C will provide more resistance to torsional movement than will a routing pattern that is oriented more vertically, as in FIG. 10D .
- Other routing variations are also possible, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
- the spinal stabilization device 260 includes a superior attachment member 262 and an inferior attachment member 264 , for attachment to a superior vertebral body 100 and an inferior vertebral body 100 , respectively.
- the superior attachment member 262 and inferior attachment member 264 may be attached to the spinous processes 106 of the respective vertebral bodies 100 , 102 , as shown, or they may be attached to the pedicles or other suitable portions of the vertebral bodies.
- the attachment members 262 , 264 preferably comprise screws, although other attachment members may be used as desired or as suitable.
- the stabilization device 260 includes one or more spring elements 266 that each extend between and interconnect the superior attachment member 262 and inferior attachment member 264 .
- Each spring element 266 is preferably formed of nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol) or other suitable biocompatible shape memory material.
- Nitinol nickel titanium alloy
- the shape and properties of each spring element 266 are able to be altered at any time, either prior to implantation or after implantation, by heating the spring element, for example, using an electric current.
- the shape memory material may be trained by a heating process to conform to a predetermined shape upon being heated to a predetermined temperature, in a manner known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the user is able to alter the shape, size, or performance characteristics of the spring elements 266 through application of heat to those members.
- leads may be placed in contact with the spring elements 266 under X-ray or other guidance after implantation in the spine of a patient. Electric current is then supplied to the spring elements 266 through the leads, allowing the user to alter the size, shape, or performance characteristics of the spring elements.
- spring elements 266 shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11 are generally straight struts, the spring elements 266 may alternatively be provided in any shape, size, or orientation suitable for a given application.
- FIG. 12 another spinal stabilization device is shown in a generally schematic representation.
- the spinal stabilization device illustrated in FIG. 12 is adapted to transfer loads from one motion segment to adjacent segments.
- Three adjacent vertebral bodies 270 , 272 , and 274 are shown schematically in the Figure.
- a pair of interconnected stabilization devices 276 are attached to each of the three vertebral bodies.
- Each stabilization device 276 includes a fixation element 278 attached to each vertebral body and a linkage 280 extending between and attached to each adjacent pair o fixation elements 278 .
- Each of the fixation elements 278 comprises a bearing structure or similar mechanism that provides the capability of rotating the attached linkage 280 .
- a load placed upon the adjacent vertebral segments such as vertebral bodies 272 and 274 :
- the transfer of this load through rotation of the fixation elements 278 imposing loading upon the attached linkages 280 influences the upper vertebral body 270 to move to the left, as shown by arrow “B”. This movement is consistent with the natural movement of the spine when the body twists. Compression and flexion loads are transferred in a similar manner.
- each of the fixation elements 278 is preferably in the form of a bearing or similar rotatable structure that provides rotational movement as represented by the arrows “C”.
- the linkages 280 may comprise a spring element or multiple spring elements having a size, shape, spring constant, and other characteristics that provide the desired amount of load transfer in response to rotation of the fixation elements 278 .
- two stabilization devices 276 are shown in the Figure, more or fewer devices may be used depending upon the degree of stabilization needed or desired.
- the stabilization devices 276 may also extend between more (e.g., four or more) or fewer (e.g., two) adjacent vertebral segments.
- FIG. 13 a multi-component dynamic stabilization system is shown schematically.
- Current dynamic spinal stabilization systems are typically either interspinous devices (i.e., connected between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebral bodies) or pedicle screw based devices (i.e., connected between pedicle screws attached to the pedicles of adjacent vertebral bodies).
- interspinous devices i.e., connected between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebral bodies
- pedicle screw based devices i.e., connected between pedicle screws attached to the pedicles of adjacent vertebral bodies.
- each of the pedicle based systems 292 a - b comprises a spring loaded or other suitable structure that provides a distracting force, represented by arrows “D”, that tends to unload the disc 108 .
- the interspinous system 290 includes a spring loaded or other suitable structure that biases the spinous processes 106 of the adjacent vertebral bodies 100 , 102 toward one another, as represented by arrows “E”.
- the combined action of the interspinous system 290 and the pedicle based systems 292 a - b creates a moment that relives pressure from the disc 108 .
- interspinous system 290 and/or the pedicle based systems 292 a - b of the foregoing embodiment may be constructed such that one or more of the systems is externally adjustable, as described, for example, in relation the devices illustrated in FIG. 11 .
- a dynamic stabilization device 300 is attached to each of the vertebral bodies at a position at or near the transverse processes 104 a - b of each vertebral body 100 , 102 .
- Each dynamic stabilization device 300 includes an upper attachment screw 302 and a lower attachment screw 304 .
- the screws 302 , 304 may be placed through the transverse process to the vertebral body, or they may be attached direction to the vertebral body adjacent the transverse process 104 a - b .
- a loading member 306 is attached to each of the upper attachment screw 302 and the lower attachment screw 304 and extends therebetween.
- the loading member 306 is adapted to stabilize the adjacent vertebral bodies by providing an appropriate level of distraction or attraction forces.
- the loading member 306 may comprises a spring, a set of springs, a damping member, or any other suitable structure such as those described elsewhere herein.
- FIG. 15 provides a schematic illustration of an externally adjustable dynamic stabilization system.
- the system includes an upper screw 310 and lower screw 312 extending posteriorly from a superior vertebral body 100 and an inferior vertebral body 102 , respectively. Each screw extends outside of the patient's body.
- a stabilization member 314 is attached to each of the screws 310 , 312 on the external surface of the patient's back, i.e., outside the surface of the skin 316 .
- the stabilization member 316 may be a spring loaded, multiple spring loaded, damping mechanism, or any other suitable stabilization system such as those described elsewhere herein.
- the stabilization system 316 is readily adjustable post-operatively because it is located externally of the patient. Accordingly, any adjustments to the performance of the system may be made easily and without the need for additional surgical intervention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of another adjustable stabilization system.
- the spinal stabilization system 320 includes an upper pot 322 attached to the spinous process 106 of a superior vertebral body 100 , and a lower pot 324 attached to the spinous process 106 of an inferior vertebral body 102 .
- Each of the upper pot 322 and lower pot 324 forms a portion of the attachment mechanism for the stabilization device.
- the upper pot 322 and lower pot 324 may be attached to the spinous processes 106 by any suitable mechanism, such as one or more screws.
- Each of the upper pot 322 and lower pot 324 includes a cylindrical portion that is adapted to receive a connector 326 located at each of the upper end and lower end of a spring 328 .
- Each of the connectors 326 engages one of the upper pot 322 and lower pot 324 , thereby allowing the spring 328 to provide a distracting force to the vertebral bodies 100 , 102 .
- the upper pot 322 and lower pot 324 are generally hollow, it is possible to partially fill one or both of the pots 322 , 324 to decrease the effective length of the spring 328 extending between the pots, i.e., partially filling the pots causes the connectors to engage the filler material at a level removed from the bottom of the pot 322 , 324 .
- Either or both of the pots 322 , 324 may be partially filled with bone cement containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or another suitable material.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- the filling operation may be performed post-operatively by way of a percutaneous access, thereby eliminating the need for additional surgical intervention.
- FIG. 17 provides an illustration of another dynamic stabilization system.
- the stabilization system 340 includes a DIAMTM type intervertebral spacer 342 interposed between the spinous processes 106 of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies 100 , 102 .
- DIAMTM type intervertebral spacers are commercially available and are produced by Medtronic Sofamor Danek.
- the spacer 342 is generally “H” shaped, including a relatively narrow center section located between relatively wider side sections. This shape allows the spacer to be effectively sandwiched between the spinous processes 106 of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies 100 , 102 , as shown in FIG. 17 .
- the spacer 342 is a silicone device covered with polyethylene, and functions by reducing loading of the disc, restoring the posterior tension band, realigning the facets, and restoring the foramenal height.
- a stabilizing disc 344 is interposed between the spinous processes 106 in place of a portion of the spacer 340 .
- the stabilizing disc 344 has a structure and is constructed in a manner identical to the facet stabilizing member 170 described above in relation to FIG. 5 , having a core member located between a pair of endplates.
- the stabilizing disc 344 allows for compression. and rotation, if needed.
- the stabilizing disc 344 also facilitates lateral bending.
- an exemplary prosthetic intervertebral disc 1100 is shown in FIG. 18 , which is reproduced from FIG. 3 of the '671 application and which was also described in the '276 application.
- This prosthetic disc is described for exemplary purposes, and is not intended to represent the only type of prosthetic disc that is suitable for use in combination with the devices and systems described elsewhere herein.
- the prosthetic disc 1100 has an integrated structure that includes an upper endplate 1110 , a lower endplate 1120 , and a core member 1130 retained between the upper endplate 1110 and the lower endplate 1120 .
- One or more fibers 1140 are wound around the upper and lower endplates to attach the endplates to one another.
- the wind of the fibers 1140 allows a degree of axial rotation, bending, flexion, and extension by and between the endplates.
- An annular capsule 1150 is optionally provided in the space between the upper and lower endplates, surrounding the core member 1130 and the fibers 1140 .
- the upper endplate 1110 and lower endplate 1120 are generally flat, planar members, and are fabricated from a biocompatible material that provides substantial rigidity.
- the upper surface of the upper endplate 1110 and the lower surface of the lower endplate 1120 are preferably each provided with a mechanism for securing the endplate to the respective opposed surfaces of the upper and lower vertebral bodies between which the prosthetic disc is to be installed.
- the upper endplate 1110 includes a plurality of anchoring fins 1111 a - b .
- the anchoring fins 1111 a - b are intended to engage mating grooves that are formed on the surfaces of the upper and lower vertebral bodies to thereby secure the endplate to its respective vertebral body.
- the anchoring fins 1111 a - b extend generally perpendicularly from the generally planar external surface of the upper endplate 1110 , i.e., upward from the upper side of the endplate as shown in FIG. 18 .
- Each of the anchoring fins 1111 a - b has a plurality of serrations 1112 located on the top edge of the anchoring fin.
- the serrations 1112 are intended to enhance the ability of the anchoring fin to engage the vertebral body and to thereby secure the upper endplate 1110 to the spine.
- the lower surface of the lower endplate 1120 includes a plurality of anchoring fins 1121 a - b .
- the anchoring fins 1121 a - b on the lower surface of the lower endplate 1120 are identical in structure and function to the anchoring fins 1111 a - b on the upper surface of the upper endplate 1110 , with the exception of their location on the prosthetic disc.
- the anchoring fins 1111 , 1121 may optionally be provided with one or more holes or slots 1115 , 1125 .
- the holes or slots help to promote bony ingrowth that assist in anchoring the prosthetic disc 1100 to the vertebral bodies.
- the upper endplate 1110 contains a plurality of slots 1114 through which the fibers 1140 may be passed through or wound, as shown.
- the actual number of slots 1114 contained on the endplate is variable.
- the purpose of the fibers 1140 is to hold the upper endplate 1110 and lower endplate 1120 together and to limit the range-of-motion to mimic the range-of-motion and torsional and flexural resistance of a natural disc.
- the core member 1130 is intended to provide support to and to maintain the relative spacing between the upper endplate 1110 and lower endplate 1120 .
- the core member 1130 is made of a relatively compliant material, for example, polyurethane or silicone, and is typically fabricated by injection molding.
- a preferred construction for the core member includes a nucleus formed of a hydrogel and an elastomer reinforced fiber annulus.
- the shape of the core member 1130 is typically generally cylindrical or bean-shaped, although the shape (as well as the materials making up the core member and the core member size) may be varied to obtain desired physical or performance properties.
- the core member 1130 shape, size, and materials will directly affect the degree of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the prosthetic disc.
- the annular capsule 1150 is preferably made of polyurethane or silicone and may be fabricated by injection molding, two-part component mixing, or dipping the endplate-core-fiber assembly into a polymer solution.
- a function of the annular capsule is to act as a barrier that keeps the disc materials (e.g., fiber strands) within the body of the disc, and that keeps natural in-growth outside the disc.
- prosthetic disc 1100 may be implanted by surgical techniques described in the '671 and '276 applications and elsewhere. As described above, it will often be advantageous to combine the prosthetic intervertebral disc with any of the other devices, systems, and methods described herein to obtain synergistic therapeutic results in treatment of spinal disease, trauma, or other disorder.
Abstract
Description
- The spine is comprised of twenty-four vertebrae that are stacked one upon the other to form the spinal column. The spine provides strength and support to allow the body to stand and to provide flexibility and motion. A Section of each vertebrae includes a passageway that provides passage of the spinal cord through the spinal column. The spine thereby encases and protects the spinal cord. The spinal cord also includes thirty-one pairs of nerve roots that branch from either side of the spinal cord, extending through spaces between the vertebrae known as the neural foramen.
- An intervertebral disc is located between each pair of-vertebrae. The disc is composed of three component structures: (1) the nucleus pulposus; (2) the annulus fibrosus; and (3) the vertebral endplates. The disc serves several purposes, including absorbing shock, relieving friction, and handling pressure exerted between the superior and inferior vertebral bodies associated with the disc. The disc also relieves stress between the vertebral bodies, which stress would otherwise lead to degeneration or fracture of the vertebral bodies.
- Disorders of the spine comprise some of the costliest and most debilitating health problems facing the populations of the United States and the rest of the world, costing billions of dollars each year. Moreover, as these populations continue to age, the incidence of spinal disorders will continue to grow. Typical disorders include those caused by disease, trauma, genetic disorders, or other causes.
- The state of the art includes a number of treatment options. Medicinal treatments, exercise, and physical therapy are typical conservative treatment options. Less conservative treatment options include surgical intervention, including microdiscectomy, kyphoplasty, laminectomy, dynamic stabilization, disc arthroplasty, and spinal fusion. Traditionally, these treatment options have been applied in isolation, rather than in combination, using the most conservative treatment option that will provide a desired result.
- U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/713,671, entitled “Prosthetic Intervertebral Discs,” (“the '671 application”), was filed Sep. 1, 2005, and is assigned to Spinal Kinetics, Inc., the assignee of the present application. The '671 application describes, inter alia, a treatment option that combines a prosthetic intervertebral disc with a dynamic stabilization system. The '671 application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- In 1992, Panjabi introduced a model of a dynamic spinal stabilization system that describes the interaction between components providing stability in the spine. This model defined spinal instability in terms of a region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment, identified as the “neutral zone.” Panjabi, M M., “The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis.” J Spinal Disord 5 (4): 390-397, 1992b. There is some evidence that the neutral zone can be increased in cases of intervertebral disc degeneration, spinal injury and spinal fixation. Id Panjabi has subsequently described dynamic stabilization systems that provide increased mechanical support while the spine is in the neutral zone and decreased support as the spine moves away from the neutral zone. See United States Published Patent Application No. 2004/0236329, published Nov. 25, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- The need remains for improved spinal stabilization systems, combinations of systems, and methods for their use.
- Spinal stabilization components, systems, and methods are provided. The spinal stabilization components are suitable for use individually, together, or with other known spinal stabilization components and systems.
- In a first aspect, foramenal spacers and methods for their use are described. The foramenal spacer includes a member that has a size and shape adapted for insertion into the foramen located between a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies to prevent the pair of vertebral bodies from collapsing into one another, i.e., to maintain the interpedicular spacing between the adjacent vertebral bodies. The foramenal spacer also preferably includes a passage or other member that protects the nerve root from being compressed or otherwise physically impacted as it traverses the foramen. In a first embodiment, the foramenal spacer includes an upper C-shaped member, a lower C-shaped member, and an attachment member for attaching the upper C-shaped member to the lower C-shaped member. The upper C-shaped member is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the superior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies, while the lower C-shaped member is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the inferior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies. When attached together, the upper and lower C-shaped members define a passageway therethrough for allowing passage of the nerve root. The attachment member may comprise a tongue and groove mechanism, a snap-fit mechanism, or other suitable mechanism for attaching the upper and lower C-shaped member together. Alternatively, the upper C-shaped member and lower C-shaped member may each be provided with surfaces adapted to butt up against one another to form a butt-joint. In still another embodiment, the C-shaped members are mated such that they allow some travel (e.g., extension) relative to each other, such as that which may be required during flexion, extension and lateral bending, and maintain the patentcy of the passageway to allow passage of the nerve root.
- In a second embodiment, the foramenal spacer includes an upper segment and a lower segment. The upper segment is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the superior vertebral body and to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies, and the lower segment is adapted to be attached to the pedicle of the inferior vertebral body and also to extend into the foramen defined by the pair of vertebral bodies. The interior surface of one of the upper segment or the lower segment and the external surface of the other of the upper segment or the lower segment define a pair of rounded, mating surfaces that together define a bearing structure that allows the upper segment to pivot relative to the lower segment. The upper segment and lower segment thereby act as a bearing to define a center of rotation. Once the upper segment and lower segment are attached to the respective vertebral bodies and are engaged with one another, the foramenal spacer provides a supporting structure that also protects the nerve root traversing the foramen, and that allows the superior and inferior vertebral bodies to pivot relative to one another.
- Preferably, the foramenal spacer is formed of a rigid biocompatible material, such as stainless steel, metal alloys, or other metallic materials, or a rigid polymeric material. In alternative embodiments, the foramenal spacer is provided with an outer layer formed of a soft, conformable material (e.g., an elastomeric polymer such as polyurethane) that provides conformability with the foramen geometry and allows flexion, extension and lateral bending of the spine. In still other embodiments, the foramenal spacer includes an inner liner formed of a soft and/or low-friction material to provide an atraumatic surface for passage of the nerve root.
- In a second aspect, devices, systems and methods for facet joint augmentation and replacement are provided. The devices and systems are intended to stabilize the spine and to increase the foramenal space to thereby reduce the likelihood of nerve root impingement. In a first embodiment, the stabilization and increase of foramenal space is accomplished by inserting a stabilizing member into the facet joint to restore the intra-foramenal distance. The stabilizing member comprises a structure that provides shock absorbance, cushioning, and support to the facet joint. In several embodiments, the stabilizing member comprises an encapsulated cushion. In other embodiments, the stabilizing member comprises a structure having a pair of endplates separated by a resilient core member.
- In a second embodiment, some or all of the facets of each of the superior and inferior vertebral bodies are removed and replaced with a facet joint implant. In several embodiments, the facet joint implant includes an upper prosthetic facet for attachment to the superior vertebral body, and a lower prosthetic facet for attachment to the inferior vertebral body. Each prosthetic facet is attached to its respective vertebral body by screws or other similar mechanisms. Each prosthetic facet joint includes a pair of facing plates and a core member located between the pair of facing plates. The prosthetic facet is constructed and attached in a manner such that it closely mimics the functionality and performance of the natural facet joint.
- In a third aspect, a lateral spinal stabilization device is provided. The lateral spinal stabilization device includes an upper attachment member and a lower attachment member for attaching to the lateral surfaces of each of the superior and inferior vertebral bodies, respectively, and a stabilizing member connected and extending between each of the upper and lower attachment members. In one embodiment, the stabilizing member comprises a damping mechanism. In other embodiments, the stabilizing member comprises a pair of endplates separated by a resilient core member.
- In a fourth aspect, an anterior spinal stabilization device is provided. The anterior spinal stabilization device is adapted to be attached to the anterior surfaces of a pair of vertebral bodies and to extend between the pair of vertebral bodies to provide stabilization to the anterior portion of the vertebral unit. In a first embodiment, the anterior spinal stabilization device is in the form of a spring having a structure sufficient to carry a load after implantation and attachment to the vertebral unit. The anterior stabilization device is preferably implanted by way of a minimally invasive anterior approach, although posterior and lateral approaches are also possible.
- In a fifth aspect, several dynamic stabilization devices are described. Each of the dynamic stabilization devices is intended to provide a combination of stabilizing forces to one or more spinal units to thereby assist in bearing and transferring loads. In a first embodiment, a dynamic stabilization device includes a posterior spacer member that is located generally between a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies on the posterior side of the spine. The posterior spacer is preferably formed of a generally compliant material and functions to maintain spacing between the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies while allowing relative motion between the vertebral bodies. In a preferred form, the posterior spacer is generally in the form of a short cylinder, having a central through-hole to allow passage of one or more restrictor bands, which are described more fully below. The spacer may take other shapes or forms, however, depending upon the size and shape of the spinal treatment site. The dynamic stabilization device also includes one or more restrictor bands, each of which preferably comprises a loop formed of an elastic material. The restrictor band(s) each have a size and shape adapted to be attached to the spinous processes extending from the posterior of the adjacent vertebral bodies, or to be attached by an appropriate attachment mechanism to the lamina of the adjacent bodies. Once linked to the posterior of the spine, the bands provide both stability and compliance. The performance properties of the bands are able to be varied by choice of materials, size of the bands, and by the routing of the restrictor band(s) between the adjacent vertebral bodies. For example, restrictor bands that are oriented more vertically than diagonally will provide greater resistance to flexion of the spine, whereas the more diagonal orientation will provide additional resistance to torsional movements.
- In other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device is constructed and includes materials that allow the device to be adjusted post-operatively. For example, in one embodiment, the dynamic stabilization device includes a superior attachment member for attachment to the pedicle of a superior vertebral body, an inferior attachment member for attachment to the pedicle of an inferior vertebral body, and one or more spring members extending between and interconnecting the superior and inferior attachment members. In the preferred form, the spring member is formed of a shape memory material, such as nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol). The properties of the spring member may thereby be altered post-operatively by heating elements of the device, such as by applying an electric current. As the shape memory materials may be trained by heat treatment processes prior to implantation, the properties of the spring member may be altered in a known manner by application of heat in this manner. Preferably, the electric current is applied by placing leads against the spring member under X-ray or other guidance A given spring member may be extended or contracted to provide greater or lesser load support, or to alter any other performance characteristic of the device.
- In still other embodiments, a spinal stabilization device is provided that is capable of transferring reactions from one spinal segment to an adjacent segment. In this manner, the spinal stabilization device transfers loads and reactions in the same manner as is done by the natural spinal segments operating properly. The spinal stabilization device includes at least one fixation member associated with each vertebral body, and a linkage member extending between each pair of superior and inferior fixation members. The fixation members each allow for rotation of the linkage members, thereby providing the ability for one vertebral segment to be loaded (or unloaded), either in compression or torsion, based upon the activity being undergone at an adjacent vertebral segment.
- In still other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device includes a combination of an interspinous stabilization member and one or more pedicle based stabilization members. In a preferred form, the one or more pedicle based stabilization members function by biasing the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies apart, while the interspinous stabilization member functions by biasing together the spinous processes of the adjacent pair of vertebral bodies. The combined action of the interspinous member and the pedicle based member(s) is to create a moment that relieves pressure from the disc.
- In still other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device is provided and is attached to a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies at or near one or both pairs of transverse processes extending from the pair of vertebral bodies. For example, at least one superior attachment member, such as a screw, is attached to a transverse process of the superior vertebral body, at least one inferior attachment member, such as a screw, is attached to the transverse process of the inferior vertebral body, and a loading member extends between and interconnects the superior and inferior attachment members. The attachment members may optionally extend through the transverse processes into the vertebral bodies, or they may be attached to the vertebral bodies adjacent to the transverse processes.
- In still other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device is attached such that the stabilization member is located externally of the patient's skin surface. In these embodiments, the stabilization member is attached to a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies by a pair of screws that extend through the patient's skin and into the pair of vertebral bodies. The stabilization member is then attached to and extends between the pair of screws on the exterior of the patient. The device is preferably fully adjustable.
- In yet other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device is provided and includes a fill-type adjustment mechanism. The device includes a superior attachment member that is preferably attached to the spinous process of a superior vertebral body, an inferior attachment member that is preferably attached to the spinous process of an inferior vertebral body, and a stabilization member that extends between and interconnects the superior and inferior attachment members. The attachment members may include screws, or other suitable attachment mechanisms. Interposed between at least one of the attachment members and the stabilization member is a pot. As the pot is filled, such as by injecting a biocompatible material such as bone cement containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), the added volume occupied in the pot decreases the operating length of the stabilization member, thereby also changing the performance characteristics of a given stabilization member. Thus, adding material to the pot provides the ability to adjust the device post-operatively. Preferably, the post-operative adjustment may be done percutaneously.
- In still other embodiments, a dynamic stabilization device includes an intervertebral spacer having an integrated stabilizing disc, the combined unit being interposed between the spinous processes of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies.
- Each of the foregoing devices, structures, and methods is adapted to be used independently, or in combinations of two or more. Preferably, several devices, structures, or methods are used in combination to obtain desired results. In particular, each of the foregoing devices may be used in combination with a prosthetic intervertebral disc to obtain desired therapeutic results.
- Other and additional devices, apparatus, structures, and methods are described by reference to the drawings and detailed descriptions below.
- The Figures contained herein are not necessarily drawn to scale, with some components and features being exaggerated for clarity.
-
FIG. 1 is a lateral view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including representation of the foramen and nerve roots traversing the foramen. - FIGS. 2A-G are illustrations of foramenal spacers in accordance with the present invention.
-
FIG. 3 is a posterior view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including representation of the facets and facet joints. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a facet joint stabilizing member. -
FIG. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a facet joint stabilizing member shown implanted in a facet joint. - FIGS. 6A-B are illustrations of prosthetic facets.
-
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a portion of a spinal column having a plurality of prosthetic facets in place of the native facets. -
FIG. 8 is a lateral view of a pair of vertebral bodies having a lateral stabilization device implanted therebetween. -
FIG. 9A is a lateral view of a pair of vertebral bodies having an anterior stabilization device and a posterior stabilization device implanted therebetween. -
FIG. 9B is an illustration of an anterior stabilization device. -
FIG. 10A is an illustration of a spacer member. - FIGS. 10B-D are illustrations of posterior dynamic stabilization devices including a spacer member and restrictor bands.
-
FIG. 11 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 12 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 13 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 14 is a posterior view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 15 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 16 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 17 is a lateral view of another dynamic stabilization system. -
FIG. 18 is a three dimensional cross-sectional view of an exemplary prosthetic intervertebral disc. - Before the present invention is described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the present invention will be limited only by the appended claims.
- Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to at least the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the invention.
- Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited.
- It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
- The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.
- As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present inventions.
- Turning now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies, including a superiorvertebral body 100 and an inferiorvertebral body 102. Each vertebral body includes a pair of transverse processes 104 a-b and aspinous process 106 extending generally posteriorly from eachvertebral body disc 108 is located between the superiorvertebral body 100 and the inferiorvertebral body 102. Thespinal cord 110 extends through a central passage formed by the spinal column, andnerve roots 112 transverse theforamenal space 114 defined by the pair of vertebral bodies. - When the disc is damaged due to trauma, disease, or other disorder, the superior
vertebral body 100 and inferiorvertebral body 102 tend to collapse upon each other, thereby decreasing the amount of space formed by theforamen 114. This result also commonly occurs when the vertebral bodies are afflicted with disease or are fractured or otherwise damaged. When the foramenal space is decreased, thevertebral bodies nerve root 112, causing discomfort, pain, and possible damage to the nerve root. The foramenal spacers described herein are intended to alleviate this problem by maintaining the foramenal opening and otherwise protecting the nerve root from impingement by the vertebral bodies. - Turning to
FIGS. 2A through 2G , several foramenal spacer embodiments are shown. In a first embodiment, shown in FIGS. 2A-D, theforamenal spacer 120 includes a superior C-shapedmember 122 and an inferior C-shapedmember 124. The pair of C-shaped members preferably include an attachment mechanism or a pair of mating surfaces. For example, as shown inFIG. 2B , the superior C-shapedmember 122 is provided with agroove 126 on each of its inferior-facingsurfaces 128, whereas the inferior C-shapedmember 124 includes amating tab 130 on each of its superior-facingsurfaces 132. Alternatively, the tabs may be place on the superior C-shaped member and the grooves on the inferior C-shaped member, or still other attachment members may be used, such as a snap-fit mechanism or other similar structure. In still other embodiments, the mating surfaces 128, 132 may simply butt up against one another to form a butt-joint that prevents collapse of the foramenal space. When combined, the pair of C-shaped members define a generally disc-shapedmember 134 having a central through-hole 136. The central through-hole 136 has a size and shape adapted to allow thenerve root 112 to pass without impingement as shown, for example, inFIGS. 2C and 2D . - Turning to
FIG. 2E , theforamenal spacer 120 may be provided with anouter layer 140 that includes a coating of a soft, conformable material. Theouter layer 140 preferably covers all of the external-facing surfaces of theforamenal spacer 120, and particularly those that are positioned to engage the vertebral body surfaces. Theouter layer 140 is preferably formed of a soft, conformable biocompatible material such as silicone, polyurethane, or other similar polymeric materials, and may be applied to theforamenal spacer 120 by methods well-known in the art. Theouter layer 140 may provide structural protection to the vertebral bodies forming the foramenal space, and also allows theforamenal spacer 120 to adapt to the varying foramenal geometries formed by the vertebral bodies. - An optional inner layer or
liner 142 may be provided on the exposed surfaces defining the through-hole 136. The inner layer orliner 142 is preferably formed of a coating of soft and/or low-friction material to provide an atraumatic surface for passage of thenerve root 112. Preferably, the inner layer orliner 142 is formed of similar materials as those used for theouter layer 140, including silicone, polyurethane, or other polymeric materials. Alternatively, the inner layer orliner 142 may comprise a coating of polyethylene, PTFE, or other similar material. - In addition, an optional spring member, gasket, cushion, or other similar material or device (not shown in the drawings) may be interposed between the superior C-shaped
member 122 and the inferior C-shapedmember 124. Preferably, the spring member (or the like) may be located on the abutting surfaces of the two C-shaped members. This spring member (or the like) provides thespacer 120 with the capability of vertical expansion and contraction as the spring member extends and compresses, thereby providing a range of motion for supporting the foramenal space. - Turning now to
FIG. 2F , another foramenal spacer embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, theforamenal spacer 120 includes anupper segment 150 and alower segment 156. Theupper segment 150 includes anexternal surface 152 that has a shape adapted to engage the portion of the superior vertebral body defining theforamenal space 114. Similarly, thelower segment 156 includes anexternal surface 158 that has a shape adapted to engage the portion of the inferior vertebral body defining theforamenal space 114. Aninternal surface 154 of theupper segment 150 includes a curved portion that is adapted to rotatably engage a mating curved portion of theexternal surface 158 of thelower segment 156. In this way, theupper segment 150 andlower segment 156 are rotationally connected to one another, i.e. theupper segment 150 andlower segment 152 function similar to a bearing having a center of rotation. When theupper segment 150 is attached to the superiorvertebral body 100, and the lower segment is connected to the inferiorvertebral body 102, theforamenal spacer 120 allows the two vertebral bodies to pivot relative to one another, thereby providing an additional range of motion. Theforamenal spacer 120 shown inFIG. 2F also optionally includes theouter layer 140 and inner layer orliner 142 described above in relation toFIG. 2E . - The
foramenal spacer 120 may be implanted by any appropriate surgical technique, including accessing the foramenal space by either a posterior approach or a lateral approach. The lateral approach is believed to provide optimal access to find exposure of the foramen, but techniques for posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and transforamenal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) also provide sufficient access. Once access is gained, theforamenal spacer 120 is preferably attached to the pedicle or other anatomic structure that allows extension of the spacer into theforamenal space 114. For example, theforamenal spacer 120 may be press fit into theforamen 116, as illustrated inFIG. 2G , or a tab (not shown) may be provided for attaching theforamenal spacer 120 to the pedicle or other anatomical structure. - Turning next to
FIG. 3 , a posterior view of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies is shown. The Figures illustrates a superiorvertebral body 100 and an inferiorvertebral body 102. Each vertebral body includes a pair of transverse processes 104 a-b and aspinous process 106 extending generally posteriorly from eachvertebral body spinal cord 110 extends through a central passage formed by the spinal column, andnerve roots 112 transverse theforamenal space 114 defined by the pair of vertebral bodies. A facet joint 118 is formed by a pair of facing facets, one each from the superior and inferior vertebral bodies. - Several of the known devices and systems for posterior spinal stabilization are designed and provide the function of opening the foramen or maintaining the foramenal spacing in order to off-load the nerve that traverses the foramen. This is commonly done by attaching a device to the pedicles of each of the vertebral bodies and providing a distracting force between the attachment members. Several alternative and novel devices and methods are described herein.
- Turning to
FIG. 4 , afacet stabilizing member 170 is shown. Thefacet stabilizing member 170 preferably includes acore member 172 encased in ajacket 174. Thecore member 172 is preferably formed of a hydrogel, polyurethane, or other polymeric material suitable for providing the shock absorbing and spacing function necessary to stabilize the facet joint. Thejacket 174 may be a woven fabric of biocompatible material and is intended to maintain the integrity and shape of thecore member 172 and to otherwise provide structural strength to thefacet stabilizing member 170. Thefacet stabilizing member 170 has a size and shape adapted to be placed in the facet joint 118 to thereby provide stabilization to the joint and to prevent collapse of the foramenal space. - Turning to
FIG. 5 , another embodiment of afacet stabilizing member 170 is shown. In this embodiment, the spinal stabilizingmember 170 includes anupper endplate 180, alower endplate 182, and acore member 184 extending between and interconnecting theupper endplate 180 andlower endplate 182. Preferably, the facet stabilizing member also includes a plurality offibers 186 wound between and interconnecting theupper endplate 180 andlower endplate 182. The construction and materials of thefacet stabilizing member 170 shown inFIG. 5 are similar to the construction and materials of the prosthetic intervertebral disc described below in relation toFIG. 18 , and to several of the prosthetic intervertebral discs described in U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 10/903,276, filed Jul. 30, 2004, and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 60/713,671, filed Sep. 1, 2005, each of which applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Other prosthetic discs described in the foregoing applications may also be adapted for use as afacet stabilizing member 170 as described herein. The size of thefacet stabilizing member 170 is typically smaller than the sizes of the prosthetic discs described in the foregoing applications, but the overall construction of the structure is preferably the same. - The
facet stabilizing member 170 is implanted between the pair of opposed facets associated with the pair of adjacent vertebral bodies. Additional features, such as fins, fixation members, or other structures (not shown), may also be incorporated on thefacet stabilizing member 170 to limit translation. The facet joint is synovial, therefore requiring implantation through the capsule. Access to the facet joint is obtained by any of the methods described above in relation to implantation of the foramenal space r. - Turning to FIGS. 6A-B, prosthetic facets and facet joints are shown. During many spinal surgical procedures, particularly those including approach by the posterior, some or all of the facet is removed to provide access to implant one or more prosthetic structures. Similarly, many spinal procedures create loss of height of the disc or similar unintended results. In these cases, or in cases in which the facets or facet joints become damaged through trauma, disease, or other disorder, it may be desirable to replace some or all of the facet with a prosthetic device to restore stabilization to the affected spinal segments.
- In
FIG. 6A , a number ofprosthetic facets 190 are shown as implanted in several locations on a spinal column. Eachprosthetic facet 190 includes anattachment arm 192 that is generally elongated and curved to match the shape and structure of the native facet. Theattachment arm 192 terminates in anendplate 194 that mimics the facing surface of the native facet. Theattachment arm 192 is attached to its associated vertebral body by one ormore screws 196 or other suitable attachment mechanism. Afacet stabilizing member 170, identical to those described above in relation toFIG. 5 , is interposed between a pair ofprosthetic facets 190, with thefacet endplates 194 serving as the endplates for thefacet stabilizing member 170. (See, in particular,FIG. 6B ). As shown inFIG. 6A , the prosthetic facet joint is oriented to be on plane with the native facet. Thus, the orientation of the facet joint will vary between vertebral segments. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a multi-level stabilization over several adjacent vertebral segments using theprosthetic facets 190. A firstprosthetic facet 190 is attached to the sacrum 119, and additionalprosthetic facets 190 are attached to the L5 and L4 vertebrae. - Turning next to
FIG. 8 , a lateral stabilization device is shown. Thelateral stabilization device 200 includes an upper attachment arm 202 a adapted to be attached to the superiorvertebral body 100 by one ormore screws 204 or other attachment mechanism, and alower attachment arm 202 b adapted to be attached to the inferiorvertebral body 102 by one ormore screws 204 or other attachment mechanism. The device also includes astabilization member 206. Thestabilization member 206 may include a spring, a combination of springs, a damping mechanism, or other mechanism that provides a desired stabilization function. In a preferred embodiment, the stabilization member includes a structure identical to thefacet stabilization member 170 described above in relation toFIG. 5 . - Advantageously, the
lateral stabilization device 200 is attached to the lateral surfaces of the pair of adjacentvertebral bodies lateral stabilization device 200 is attached on both lateral sides of the pair of vertebral bodies. -
FIG. 9 shows a pair of adjacentvertebral bodies posterior stabilization device 210 and ananterior stabilization device 220 attached to each of the pair of vertebral bodies. Theposterior stabilization device 210 includes a pair of pedicle screws 212, one attached to each of the superiorvertebral body 100 and the inferiorvertebral body 102. Astabilization member 212 extends between and interconnects the pair of pedicle screws 212. Thestabilization member 214 may comprise a load bearing dynamic structure that is spring loaded, that includes a damping member, or any combination of such structures. Theanterior stabilization device 220 includes ananterior element 222, the details of which are best shown inFIG. 9B . Theanterior element 222 is preferably formed of a material having superelastic properties, and includes a shape that allows theanterior element 222 to be constrained for a minimally invasive implantation procedure. As shown, theanterior element 222 includes anattachment hole 224 at each end, and acentral portion 226 that includes a pair ofside bands 228 a-b that define acentral aperture 230. Theanterior element 222 may be rolled or compressed into a low profile contracted state for implantation. Once introduced, the anterior element is partially released from the contracted state and attached to the pair of vertebral bodies adjacent to the damageddisc 108. Theanterior element 222 is preferably attached by screws or other suitable mechanisms. Once attached, theanterior element 222 is fully extended to its operative state and is capable of bearing loads to provide stabilization to the vertebral segments. - The
anterior stabilization device 220 may be used alone, in combination with theposterior stabilization device 210 illustrated inFIG. 9A , or in combination with any other suitable stabilization device or structure. By using a combination of stabilization devices, it may be possible to provide additional amounts or types of stabilization and unloading of the vertebral segment than is possible by use of only a single stabilization structure. - Turning now to FIGS. 10A-D, several embodiments of a posterior dynamic stabilization device are shown. The dynamic stabilization devices include a posterior spacer and one or more restrictor bands. As explained below, the spacer may be integrated with the restrictor band(s), or it may be provided independently of the restrictor band(s).
- Turning first to
FIG. 10A , aposterior spacer 240 is shown. Theposterior spacer 240 is generally in the shape of a short cylinder, having a central through-hole 242 and anupper surface 244 andlower surface 246. Theposterior spacer 240 may optionally be provided in any other form or shape, as described more fully below. Thespacer 240 is preferably formed of a generally compliant biocompatible material, such as a polyurethane, silicone, or other suitable polymeric material. As shown in FIGS. 10B-D, thespacer 240 is generally located between the spinous processes of a pair of adjacent vertebral bodies. The spacer maintains the spacing between the vertebral bodies while allowing a desired amount of relative motion between the two vertebral bodies. - The restrictor band(s) 250 are each preferably formed in a continuous loop and are formed of a relatively elastic biocompatible material, such as any number of elastomeric and/or polymeric materials suitable for the purpose. The restrictor band(s) 250 are linked to the posterior spine to provide both stability and compliance. The band(s) 250 are attached either to the lamina by way of attachment screws 252 or other suitable attachment mechanisms (see
FIG. 10C , or they are looped directly onto thespinous processes 106 of the pair of vertebral bodies (seeFIGS. 10B, 10D ). The materials, sizes, structures, and routing of the restrictor band(s) 250 are able to be tailored to obtain a desired type and degree of constraint. For example, a routing pattern that is oriented relatively more diagonally, as inFIG. 10C , will provide more resistance to torsional movement than will a routing pattern that is oriented more vertically, as inFIG. 10D . Other routing variations are also possible, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art. - Turning now to
FIG. 11 , another embodiment of a dynamic spinal stabilization device is shown. The device includes a construction and that provides the capability of adjusting the performance characteristics of the stabilization device after it has been implanted. In the illustrated embodiment, thespinal stabilization device 260 includes asuperior attachment member 262 and aninferior attachment member 264, for attachment to a superiorvertebral body 100 and an inferiorvertebral body 100, respectively. Thesuperior attachment member 262 andinferior attachment member 264 may be attached to thespinous processes 106 of the respectivevertebral bodies attachment members stabilization device 260 includes one ormore spring elements 266 that each extend between and interconnect thesuperior attachment member 262 andinferior attachment member 264. Eachspring element 266 is preferably formed of nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol) or other suitable biocompatible shape memory material. The shape and properties of eachspring element 266 are able to be altered at any time, either prior to implantation or after implantation, by heating the spring element, for example, using an electric current. The shape memory material may be trained by a heating process to conform to a predetermined shape upon being heated to a predetermined temperature, in a manner known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the user is able to alter the shape, size, or performance characteristics of thespring elements 266 through application of heat to those members. For example, leads may be placed in contact with thespring elements 266 under X-ray or other guidance after implantation in the spine of a patient. Electric current is then supplied to thespring elements 266 through the leads, allowing the user to alter the size, shape, or performance characteristics of the spring elements. - Although the
spring elements 266 shown in the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 11 are generally straight struts, thespring elements 266 may alternatively be provided in any shape, size, or orientation suitable for a given application. - Turning next to
FIG. 12 , another spinal stabilization device is shown in a generally schematic representation. The spinal stabilization device illustrated inFIG. 12 is adapted to transfer loads from one motion segment to adjacent segments. Three adjacentvertebral bodies interconnected stabilization devices 276 are attached to each of the three vertebral bodies. Eachstabilization device 276 includes afixation element 278 attached to each vertebral body and alinkage 280 extending between and attached to each adjacent pairo fixation elements 278. - Each of the
fixation elements 278 comprises a bearing structure or similar mechanism that provides the capability of rotating the attachedlinkage 280. This allows a first vertebral segment, such asvertebral body 270, to be loaded in reaction to a load placed upon the adjacent vertebral segments, such asvertebral bodies 272 and 274: As a non-limiting example, when the lowestvertebral body 274 moves to the right, as shown by arrow “A”, the transfer of this load through rotation of thefixation elements 278 imposing loading upon the attachedlinkages 280 influences the uppervertebral body 270 to move to the left, as shown by arrow “B”. This movement is consistent with the natural movement of the spine when the body twists. Compression and flexion loads are transferred in a similar manner. - As noted above, each of the
fixation elements 278 is preferably in the form of a bearing or similar rotatable structure that provides rotational movement as represented by the arrows “C”. Thelinkages 280 may comprise a spring element or multiple spring elements having a size, shape, spring constant, and other characteristics that provide the desired amount of load transfer in response to rotation of thefixation elements 278. In addition, although twostabilization devices 276 are shown in the Figure, more or fewer devices may be used depending upon the degree of stabilization needed or desired. Thestabilization devices 276 may also extend between more (e.g., four or more) or fewer (e.g., two) adjacent vertebral segments. - Turning next to
FIG. 13 , a multi-component dynamic stabilization system is shown schematically. Current dynamic spinal stabilization systems are typically either interspinous devices (i.e., connected between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebral bodies) or pedicle screw based devices (i.e., connected between pedicle screws attached to the pedicles of adjacent vertebral bodies). Each of these types of dynamic stabilization devices functions by providing a distracting force that unloads thedisc 108. The system shown inFIG. 13 includes aninterspinous stabilization system 290 connected to thespinous processes 106 of a pair of adjacentvertebral bodies stabilization systems 292 a -b (only one of the pedicle based systems is shown in the Figure) attached by pedicle screws to the pair of adjacentvertebral bodies systems 292 a -b comprises a spring loaded or other suitable structure that provides a distracting force, represented by arrows “D”, that tends to unload thedisc 108. Theinterspinous system 290, on the other hand, includes a spring loaded or other suitable structure that biases thespinous processes 106 of the adjacentvertebral bodies interspinous system 290 and the pedicle basedsystems 292 a -b creates a moment that relives pressure from thedisc 108. - Advantageously, the
interspinous system 290 and/or the pedicle basedsystems 292 a -b of the foregoing embodiment may be constructed such that one or more of the systems is externally adjustable, as described, for example, in relation the devices illustrated inFIG. 11 . - Turning next to
FIG. 14 , a pair of adjacentvertebral bodies dynamic stabilization device 300 is attached to each of the vertebral bodies at a position at or near the transverse processes 104 a-b of eachvertebral body dynamic stabilization device 300 includes anupper attachment screw 302 and alower attachment screw 304. Thescrews loading member 306 is attached to each of theupper attachment screw 302 and thelower attachment screw 304 and extends therebetween. Theloading member 306 is adapted to stabilize the adjacent vertebral bodies by providing an appropriate level of distraction or attraction forces. Theloading member 306 may comprises a spring, a set of springs, a damping member, or any other suitable structure such as those described elsewhere herein. -
FIG. 15 provides a schematic illustration of an externally adjustable dynamic stabilization system. The system includes anupper screw 310 andlower screw 312 extending posteriorly from a superiorvertebral body 100 and an inferiorvertebral body 102, respectively. Each screw extends outside of the patient's body. Astabilization member 314 is attached to each of thescrews skin 316. Thestabilization member 316 may be a spring loaded, multiple spring loaded, damping mechanism, or any other suitable stabilization system such as those described elsewhere herein. Advantageously, thestabilization system 316 is readily adjustable post-operatively because it is located externally of the patient. Accordingly, any adjustments to the performance of the system may be made easily and without the need for additional surgical intervention. -
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of another adjustable stabilization system. Thespinal stabilization system 320 includes anupper pot 322 attached to thespinous process 106 of a superiorvertebral body 100, and alower pot 324 attached to thespinous process 106 of an inferiorvertebral body 102. Each of theupper pot 322 andlower pot 324 forms a portion of the attachment mechanism for the stabilization device. Theupper pot 322 andlower pot 324 may be attached to thespinous processes 106 by any suitable mechanism, such as one or more screws. Each of theupper pot 322 andlower pot 324 includes a cylindrical portion that is adapted to receive aconnector 326 located at each of the upper end and lower end of aspring 328. Each of theconnectors 326 engages one of theupper pot 322 andlower pot 324, thereby allowing thespring 328 to provide a distracting force to thevertebral bodies - Because the
upper pot 322 andlower pot 324 are generally hollow, it is possible to partially fill one or both of thepots spring 328 extending between the pots, i.e., partially filling the pots causes the connectors to engage the filler material at a level removed from the bottom of thepot pots -
FIG. 17 provides an illustration of another dynamic stabilization system. Thestabilization system 340 includes a DIAM™ typeintervertebral spacer 342 interposed between thespinous processes 106 of a pair of adjacentvertebral bodies spacer 342 is generally “H” shaped, including a relatively narrow center section located between relatively wider side sections. This shape allows the spacer to be effectively sandwiched between thespinous processes 106 of a pair of adjacentvertebral bodies FIG. 17 . Thespacer 342 is a silicone device covered with polyethylene, and functions by reducing loading of the disc, restoring the posterior tension band, realigning the facets, and restoring the foramenal height. - In addition, a stabilizing disc 344 is interposed between the
spinous processes 106 in place of a portion of thespacer 340. The stabilizing disc 344 has a structure and is constructed in a manner identical to thefacet stabilizing member 170 described above in relation toFIG. 5 , having a core member located between a pair of endplates. The stabilizing disc 344 allows for compression. and rotation, if needed. The stabilizing disc 344 also facilitates lateral bending. - As noted above, this application incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/713,671, entitled “Prosthetic Intervertebral Discs,” (“the '671 application”), which was filed Sep. 1, 2005, and which is assigned to Spinal Kinetics, Inc., the assignee of the present application. The '671 application describes, inter alia, spinal treatment methods that combine a prosthetic intervertebral disc with a dynamic stabilization system. Each of the dynamic stabilization systems described in the present application are suitable for use in combination with prosthetic intervertebral discs such as those described in the '671 application, and others described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,276, filed Jul. 30, 2004, (“the '276 application”), which is also incorporated by reference herein.
- For example, an exemplary prosthetic
intervertebral disc 1100 is shown inFIG. 18 , which is reproduced from FIG. 3 of the '671 application and which was also described in the '276 application. This prosthetic disc is described for exemplary purposes, and is not intended to represent the only type of prosthetic disc that is suitable for use in combination with the devices and systems described elsewhere herein. Turning to the Figure, theprosthetic disc 1100 has an integrated structure that includes anupper endplate 1110, alower endplate 1120, and acore member 1130 retained between theupper endplate 1110 and thelower endplate 1120. One ormore fibers 1140 are wound around the upper and lower endplates to attach the endplates to one another. The wind of thefibers 1140 allows a degree of axial rotation, bending, flexion, and extension by and between the endplates. Anannular capsule 1150 is optionally provided in the space between the upper and lower endplates, surrounding thecore member 1130 and thefibers 1140. Theupper endplate 1110 andlower endplate 1120 are generally flat, planar members, and are fabricated from a biocompatible material that provides substantial rigidity. - The upper surface of the
upper endplate 1110 and the lower surface of thelower endplate 1120 are preferably each provided with a mechanism for securing the endplate to the respective opposed surfaces of the upper and lower vertebral bodies between which the prosthetic disc is to be installed. For example, inFIG. 18 , theupper endplate 1110 includes a plurality of anchoring fins 1111 a-b. The anchoring fins 1111 a-b are intended to engage mating grooves that are formed on the surfaces of the upper and lower vertebral bodies to thereby secure the endplate to its respective vertebral body. The anchoring fins 1111 a-b extend generally perpendicularly from the generally planar external surface of theupper endplate 1110, i.e., upward from the upper side of the endplate as shown inFIG. 18 . Each of the anchoring fins 1111 a-b has a plurality ofserrations 1112 located on the top edge of the anchoring fin. Theserrations 1112 are intended to enhance the ability of the anchoring fin to engage the vertebral body and to thereby secure theupper endplate 1110 to the spine. - Similarly, the lower surface of the
lower endplate 1120 includes a plurality of anchoring fins 1121 a-b . The anchoring fins 1121 a-b on the lower surface of thelower endplate 1120 are identical in structure and function to the anchoring fins 1111 a-b on the upper surface of theupper endplate 1110, with the exception of their location on the prosthetic disc. - The anchoring fins 1111, 1121 may optionally be provided with one or more holes or
slots prosthetic disc 1100 to the vertebral bodies. - The
upper endplate 1110 contains a plurality ofslots 1114 through which thefibers 1140 may be passed through or wound, as shown. The actual number ofslots 1114 contained on the endplate is variable. The purpose of thefibers 1140 is to hold theupper endplate 1110 andlower endplate 1120 together and to limit the range-of-motion to mimic the range-of-motion and torsional and flexural resistance of a natural disc. - The
core member 1130 is intended to provide support to and to maintain the relative spacing between theupper endplate 1110 andlower endplate 1120. Thecore member 1130 is made of a relatively compliant material, for example, polyurethane or silicone, and is typically fabricated by injection molding. A preferred construction for the core member includes a nucleus formed of a hydrogel and an elastomer reinforced fiber annulus. The shape of thecore member 1130 is typically generally cylindrical or bean-shaped, although the shape (as well as the materials making up the core member and the core member size) may be varied to obtain desired physical or performance properties. For example, thecore member 1130 shape, size, and materials will directly affect the degree of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the prosthetic disc. - The
annular capsule 1150 is preferably made of polyurethane or silicone and may be fabricated by injection molding, two-part component mixing, or dipping the endplate-core-fiber assembly into a polymer solution. A function of the annular capsule is to act as a barrier that keeps the disc materials (e.g., fiber strands) within the body of the disc, and that keeps natural in-growth outside the disc. - The foregoing
prosthetic disc 1100, or other suitable prosthetic discs, may be implanted by surgical techniques described in the '671 and '276 applications and elsewhere. As described above, it will often be advantageous to combine the prosthetic intervertebral disc with any of the other devices, systems, and methods described herein to obtain synergistic therapeutic results in treatment of spinal disease, trauma, or other disorder. - Accordingly, it is to be understood that the inventions that are the subject of this patent application are not limited to the particular embodiments described, as such may, of course, vary. In particular, it is specifically contemplated that two or more of the specific embodiments described herein may be combined, to the extent that the embodiments are compatible with one another. Such combinations provide performance benefits that exceed those available to known devices or devices utilized independently.
- Unless defined otherwise, all technical arid scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which these inventions belong. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present inventions, the preferred methods and materials are herein described.
- All patents, patent applications, and other publications mentioned herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The patents, applications, and publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed.
- As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present inventions.
- The preceding merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise various arrangements which, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the invention and are included within its spirit and scope. Furthermore, all examples and conditional language recited herein are principally intended to aid the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventors to furthering the art, and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the invention as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents and equivalents developed in the future, i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments shown and described herein. Rather, the scope and spirit of present invention is embodied by the appended claims.
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/234,481 US20070083200A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
JP2008532246A JP2009508633A (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spine stabilization system and method |
EP06802876A EP1937166A4 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
CA002623524A CA2623524A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
EP16186386.5A EP3167849B1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Facet prosthetic devices |
CNA2006800345513A CN101351160A (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
BRPI0616403-0A BRPI0616403A2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | spinal stabilization systems and methods |
EP19174751.8A EP3545885A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Facet prosthetic devices |
PCT/US2006/034360 WO2007037920A2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
AU2006295188A AU2006295188A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-08-31 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
US11/540,044 US20070167947A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Spinal stabilization device |
US11/529,849 US7803189B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US11/970,528 US20080183209A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2008-01-08 | Spinal Stabilization Device |
US12/789,033 US20100234951A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-05-27 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US12/927,208 US9597125B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-11-08 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US15/530,859 US20170325853A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2017-03-09 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/234,481 US20070083200A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
Related Child Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/529,849 Continuation-In-Part US7803189B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US11/540,044 Continuation-In-Part US20070167947A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Spinal stabilization device |
US11/970,528 Continuation-In-Part US20080183209A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2008-01-08 | Spinal Stabilization Device |
US15/530,859 Division US20170325853A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2017-03-09 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070083200A1 true US20070083200A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
Family
ID=37900215
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/234,481 Abandoned US20070083200A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2005-09-23 | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
US11/540,044 Abandoned US20070167947A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Spinal stabilization device |
US11/529,849 Active US7803189B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US12/789,033 Abandoned US20100234951A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-05-27 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US12/927,208 Active 2029-02-24 US9597125B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-11-08 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US15/530,859 Abandoned US20170325853A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2017-03-09 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
Family Applications After (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/540,044 Abandoned US20070167947A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Spinal stabilization device |
US11/529,849 Active US7803189B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2006-09-29 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US12/789,033 Abandoned US20100234951A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-05-27 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US12/927,208 Active 2029-02-24 US9597125B2 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2010-11-08 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
US15/530,859 Abandoned US20170325853A1 (en) | 2005-09-23 | 2017-03-09 | Prosthetic facet and facet joint replacement device |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US20070083200A1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP1937166A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009508633A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101351160A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006295188A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0616403A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2623524A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007037920A2 (en) |
Cited By (64)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080009866A1 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2008-01-10 | Todd Alamin | Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment |
US20080071379A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-03-20 | Mark Rydell | Intervertebral disc replacement |
US20080108993A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-05-08 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for deploying spinous process constraints |
US20080125780A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-05-29 | Ferree Bret A | Methods of posterior fixation and stabilization of a spinal segment |
US20080177264A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-07-24 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes |
US20080262549A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-10-23 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for deploying spinous process constraints |
US20080300686A1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | K2M, Inc. | Percutaneous interspinous process device and method |
US20080319487A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-25 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and Devices for Controlled Flexion Restriction of Spinal Segments |
US20090005873A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Michael Andrew Slivka | Spinous Process Spacer Hammock |
US20090264929A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-10-22 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Structures and methods for constraining spinal processes with single connector |
US20090264932A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-10-22 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments |
US20090297603A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | Abhijeet Joshi | Interspinous dynamic stabilization system with anisotropic hydrogels |
US20100004701A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-07 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for deploying spinous process constraints |
US20100023060A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-28 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for locking a band |
US20100036424A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-02-11 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segment |
US20100036418A1 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Facet augmentation |
US20100087880A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2010-04-08 | Facet Solutions, Inc. | Facet Joint Replacement Instruments and Methods |
WO2010104935A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
WO2010104975A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US7815648B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2010-10-19 | Facet Solutions, Inc | Surgical measurement systems and methods |
US7914560B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2011-03-29 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Spinal facet implant with spherical implant apposition surface and bone bed and methods of use |
US7942900B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-05-17 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Shaped horizontal rod for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US7963978B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-06-21 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Method for implanting a deflection rod system and customizing the deflection rod system for a particular patient need for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system |
US20110172708A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-07-14 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness of a spinal segment with elongation limit |
US7993372B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-08-09 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system with a shielded deflection rod system and method |
US8007518B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-08-30 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing component having a deflectable post and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8012181B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-09-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Modular in-line deflection rod and bone anchor system and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8016861B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-09-13 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Versatile polyaxial connector assembly and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8021396B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-09-20 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Configurable dynamic spinal rod and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8043337B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2011-10-25 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Implant system and method to treat degenerative disorders of the spine |
US8048115B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Surgical tool and method for implantation of a dynamic bone anchor |
US8057515B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-11-15 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing anchor having a deflectable post and centering spring and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8075596B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2011-12-13 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal prosthesis systems |
US8083775B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-12-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a natural center of rotation and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8083772B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic spinal rod assembly and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8092501B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-01-10 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic spinal rod and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8097024B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-01-17 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and method for stabilization of the spine |
EP2405840A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2012-01-18 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US8114134B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-02-14 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spinal prosthesis having a three bar linkage for motion preservation and dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8114158B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2012-02-14 | Kspine, Inc. | Facet device and method |
US8162979B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2012-04-24 | K Spine, Inc. | Medical device and method to correct deformity |
US8206418B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2012-06-26 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for facet joint replacement with detachable coupler |
US8211155B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-07-03 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a durable compliant member and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8257397B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2012-09-04 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Low profile spinal prosthesis incorporating a bone anchor having a deflectable post and a compound spinal rod |
US8267979B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-09-18 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and axial spring and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8333792B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-12-18 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8337536B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-12-25 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post with a compliant ring and method for stabilization of the spine |
US8357182B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2013-01-22 | Kspine, Inc. | Alignment system with longitudinal support features |
US8430916B1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-04-30 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spinal rod connectors, methods of use, and spinal prosthesis incorporating spinal rod connectors |
US8518085B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2013-08-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Adaptive spinal rod and methods for stabilization of the spine |
US20140012325A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2014-01-09 | Centinel Spine, Inc. | Systems and methods for stabilizing a functional spinal unit |
US8668719B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2014-03-11 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improving shear loading capacity of a spinal segment |
US8777994B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2014-07-15 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for multiple level facet joint arthroplasty and fusion |
US8828058B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2014-09-09 | Kspine, Inc. | Growth directed vertebral fixation system with distractible connector(s) and apical control |
US8920472B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2014-12-30 | Kspine, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
US20150282944A1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-10-08 | Giancarlo Guizzardi | Vertebral fusion device and system |
US9168071B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2015-10-27 | K2M, Inc. | Growth modulation system |
US9333009B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2016-05-10 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction system actuators |
US9468469B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse coupler adjuster spinal correction systems and methods |
US9468471B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse coupler adjuster spinal correction systems and methods |
US9468468B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse connector for spinal stabilization system |
US10238450B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | Thixos Llc | Devices, kits and methods relating to treatment of facet joints |
US10342581B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2019-07-09 | K2M, Inc. | System and method for spinal correction |
US10702311B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2020-07-07 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7282064B2 (en) * | 2003-02-11 | 2007-10-16 | Spinefrontier Lls | Apparatus and method for connecting spinal vertebrae |
US20070083200A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-04-12 | Gittings Darin C | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
US8337528B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2012-12-25 | Anova Corporation | Methods and apparatus for stabilizing a spinal segment |
US20080033433A1 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-07 | Dante Implicito | Dynamic spinal stabilization device |
US8162993B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2012-04-24 | Anova Corporation | Methods of anterior fixation and stabilization of a spinal segment |
US8337529B2 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2012-12-25 | Anova Corp. | Methods of bone, joint, and ligament reconstruction |
EP1994901A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-26 | Bio Medical S.r.L. | Intervertebral support device |
US8460341B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2013-06-11 | Spinefrontier Inc | Dynamic facet replacement system |
EP2803327A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2014-11-19 | George Frey | Systems for spinal stabilization |
US10758283B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2020-09-01 | Mighty Oak Medical, Inc. | Fixation devices having fenestrations and methods for using the same |
DK2224861T3 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2014-10-06 | Aro Medical Aps | TENSION STABILIZATION SYSTEMS AND DEVICES |
WO2009111632A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 | 2009-09-11 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Facet interference screw |
US9044278B2 (en) * | 2008-11-06 | 2015-06-02 | Spinal Kinetics Inc. | Inter spinous process spacer with compressible core providing dynamic stabilization |
US20100256761A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-07 | Komistek Richard D | Minimally invasive total spine implant |
WO2012006627A1 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-01-12 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Facet fusion implant |
US9808290B2 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2017-11-07 | Moximed, Inc. | Transcutaneous joint unloading device |
US9259249B2 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-02-16 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Spinous process fixation system and methods thereof |
US9717541B2 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2017-08-01 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Lamina implants and methods for spinal decompression |
EP3435925A4 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2019-12-04 | Restorative Spine, LLC | Facet joint replacement device and methods of use |
US10743890B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2020-08-18 | Mighty Oak Medical, Inc. | Drill apparatus and surgical fixation devices and methods for using the same |
US10478312B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2019-11-19 | Institute for Musculoskeletal Science and Education, Ltd. | Implant with protected fusion zones |
CN107669374B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-11-06 | 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 | Vertebral body prosthesis |
WO2019099849A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-23 | Providence Medical Technology, Inc. | Arthroplasty implant for a facet joint |
CN108062122A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-22 | 武汉大学 | Internal memorial alloy electromagnetic heating temperature control system |
Citations (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US554431A (en) * | 1896-02-11 | Washer | ||
US1558364A (en) * | 1923-07-16 | 1925-10-20 | Elmer J Iverson | Washer |
US2983534A (en) * | 1958-09-22 | 1961-05-09 | Robert M Heller | Composite article |
US3867728A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1975-02-25 | Cutter Lab | Prosthesis for spinal repair |
US3873168A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-03-25 | Gen Electric | Laminated composite article with improved bearing portion |
US4309777A (en) * | 1980-11-13 | 1982-01-12 | Patil Arun A | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US4623574A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-11-18 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
US4669474A (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1987-06-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Absorbable nerve repair device and method |
US4759769A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-07-26 | Health & Research Services Inc. | Artificial spinal disc |
US4883486A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-11-28 | Indu Kapadia | Prosthetic ligament |
US4911718A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-03-27 | University Of Medicine & Dentistry Of N.J. | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer |
US4932969A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1990-06-12 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Joint endoprosthesis |
US5071437A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1991-12-10 | Acromed Corporation | Artificial disc |
US5106252A (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-04-21 | Shapton W Robert | Interlocking washer assembly |
US5171281A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1992-12-15 | University Of Medicine & Dentistry Of New Jersey | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
US5370697A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1994-12-06 | Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag | Artificial intervertebral disk member |
US5456722A (en) * | 1993-01-06 | 1995-10-10 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. | Load bearing polymeric cable |
US5609634A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1997-03-11 | Voydeville; Gilles | Intervertebral prosthesis making possible rotatory stabilization and flexion/extension stabilization |
US5827328A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-10-27 | Buttermann; Glenn R. | Intervertebral prosthetic device |
US6063121A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-05-16 | Xavier; Ravi | Vertebral body prosthesis |
US6113638A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-05 | Williams; Lytton A. | Method and apparatus for intervertebral implant anchorage |
US6241691B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2001-06-05 | Micrus Corporation | Coated superelastic stent |
US20020026244A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-02-28 | Trieu Hai H. | Intervertebral disc nucleus implants and methods |
US6402785B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Artificial disc implant |
US6419704B1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2002-07-16 | Bret Ferree | Artificial intervertebral disc replacement methods and apparatus |
US6419706B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2002-07-16 | Sofamor S.N.C. | Partial disc prosthesis |
US20020111687A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-08-15 | Ralph James D. | Intervertebral spacer device utilizing a belleville washer having radially extending grooves |
US20020120270A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-08-29 | Hai Trieu | Flexible systems for spinal stabilization and fixation |
US6447543B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2002-09-10 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Basket-like container for implanting bone tissue |
US20020128714A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-09-12 | Mark Manasas | Orthopedic implant and method of making metal articles |
US20030028251A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-06 | Mathews Hallett H. | Methods and devices for interbody spinal stabilization |
US6527803B1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2003-03-04 | Dimso (Distribution Medicale Du Sud-Ouest) | Intersomatic spine implant having anchoring elements |
US6626943B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-09-30 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US6626944B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2003-09-30 | Jean Taylor | Interspinous prosthesis |
US20030187445A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2003-10-02 | Peter T. Keith | Devices and methods for annular repair of intervertebral discs |
US6645248B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-11-11 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US6656224B2 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2003-12-02 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US20040006343A1 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2004-01-08 | Sevrain Lionel C. | Auxiliary vertebrae connecting device |
US6733532B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2004-05-11 | Stryker Spine | Intervertebral disc prosthesis with improved mechanical behavior |
US6733535B2 (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 2004-05-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant having a trailing end adapted to engage an insertion device |
US20040143332A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-07-22 | Krueger David J. | Movable disc implant |
US6827743B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2004-12-07 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Woven orthopedic implants |
US20050021146A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2005-01-27 | Spinalmotion, Inc. | Intervertebral prosthetic disc |
US20050060036A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2005-03-17 | Robert Schultz | Spinal column implant |
US7060097B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-06-13 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Method and apparatus for implant stability |
US20060129239A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-15 | Kwak Seungkyu D | Artificial facet joint device having a compression spring |
US7074240B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2006-07-11 | Perumala Corporation | Method and apparatus for stabilizing adjacent vertebrae |
US7147665B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2006-12-12 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Threaded cylindrical multidiscoid single or multiple array disc prosthesis |
US7166130B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2007-01-23 | Ferree Bret A | Artificial disc replacements with deployable fixation components |
US20070032875A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Terence Blacklock | Orthopaedic Medical Device |
US7220282B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2007-05-22 | Spineology, Inc. | Annulus-reinforcing band |
US20070168033A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2007-07-19 | Kim Daniel H | Prosthetic intervertebral discs having substantially rigid end plates and fibers between those end plates |
US7291150B2 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2007-11-06 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Intervertebral stabilising device |
US7309357B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-12-18 | Infinesse, Corporation | Prosthetic spinal discs |
US7377930B2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2008-05-27 | Frank Loughran | Nerve protecting tube |
US7563284B2 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2009-07-21 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Intervertebral disc implant |
US7744612B2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2010-06-29 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | System and method for protecting neurovascular structures |
Family Cites Families (49)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4957992A (en) * | 1987-04-21 | 1990-09-18 | Kao Corporation | Hair cosmetic composition |
DE8807485U1 (en) * | 1988-06-06 | 1989-08-10 | Mecron Medizinische Produkte Gmbh, 1000 Berlin, De | |
US5545229A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1996-08-13 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of Nj | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
FR2659226B1 (en) * | 1990-03-07 | 1992-05-29 | Jbs Sa | PROSTHESIS FOR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION INSTRUMENTS. |
KR930006934B1 (en) * | 1990-06-23 | 1993-07-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Adhesion promotion of ultra high modulus polyethylene fiber/vinyl ester composite interfaces |
KR930006933B1 (en) * | 1990-06-23 | 1993-07-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Adhesion promotion of ultra high modulus polyethylene fiber/epoxy composite interfaces |
FR2702362B3 (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1995-04-14 | Soprane Sa | Fixator for osteosynthesis of the lumbosacral spine. |
US5458642A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1995-10-17 | Beer; John C. | Synthetic intervertebral disc |
FR2722980B1 (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-09-27 | Samani Jacques | INTERTEPINOUS VERTEBRAL IMPLANT |
US5674296A (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-10-07 | Spinal Dynamics Corporation | Human spinal disc prosthesis |
US20020143331A1 (en) * | 1998-10-20 | 2002-10-03 | Zucherman James F. | Inter-spinous process implant and method with deformable spacer |
WO2000007527A1 (en) * | 1998-08-03 | 2000-02-17 | Synthes Ag Chur | Intervertebral allograft spacer |
US6749635B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2004-06-15 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Peanut spectacle multi discoid thoraco-lumbar disc prosthesis |
US5910142A (en) * | 1998-10-19 | 1999-06-08 | Bones Consulting, Llc | Polyaxial pedicle screw having a rod clamping split ferrule coupling element |
FR2787015B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2001-04-27 | Dimso Sa | INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PROSTHESIS WITH COMPRESSIBLE BODY |
FR2787014B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2001-03-02 | Dimso Sa | INTERVERTEBRAL DISC PROSTHESIS WITH REDUCED FRICTION |
FR2787016B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2001-03-02 | Dimso Sa | INTERVERTEBRAL DISK PROSTHESIS |
AU2999900A (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 2000-09-04 | Ken Y. Hsu | Hair used as a biologic disk, replacement, and/or structure and method |
US6264695B1 (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-07-24 | Replication Medical, Inc. | Spinal nucleus implant |
FR2799638B1 (en) * | 1999-10-14 | 2002-08-16 | Fred Zacouto | FIXATOR AND VERTEBRAL JOINT |
EP1854433B1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2010-05-12 | FSI Acquisition Sub, LLC | Facet arthroplasty devices |
US6827740B1 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2004-12-07 | Gary K. Michelson | Spinal implant surface configuration |
US6414086B1 (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-07-02 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Compositions, processes and methods of improving the wear resistance of prosthetic medical devices |
FR2805985B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-02-07 | Eurosurgical | INTERVERTEBRAL DISK PROSTHESIS |
US6482234B1 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2002-11-19 | Pearl Technology Holdings, Llc | Prosthetic spinal disc |
FR2811540B1 (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2003-04-25 | Spine Next Sa | IMPORTING INTERVERTEBRAL IMPLANT |
US7025787B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2006-04-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Implantable joint prosthesis and associated instrumentation |
FR2832917B1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-09-24 | Spine Next Sa | ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE INTERVERTEBRAL IMPLANT |
US20030220643A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-11-27 | Ferree Bret A. | Devices to prevent spinal extension |
EP2366350B1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2017-04-05 | Zimmer Spine, Inc. | Spinal stabilization system insertion |
US6733533B1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-11 | Zimmer Technology, Inc. | Artificial spinal disc |
EP1437101A3 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-12-22 | DePuy Spine, Inc. | Prosthetic facet joint ligament |
US7101398B2 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2006-09-05 | Depuy Acromed, Inc. | Prosthetic facet joint ligament |
ITFI20030084A1 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-09-29 | Cousin Biotech S A S | INTERLAMINARY VERTEBRAL PROSTHESIS |
US7473267B2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2009-01-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | System and method for minimally invasive posterior fixation |
EP1622526B1 (en) | 2003-05-02 | 2011-03-02 | Yale University | Dynamic spine stabilizer |
CA2531677C (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2009-10-27 | Casey K. Lee | Facet joint prosthesis |
US7137985B2 (en) * | 2003-09-24 | 2006-11-21 | N Spine, Inc. | Marking and guidance method and system for flexible fixation of a spine |
US20050159746A1 (en) * | 2004-01-21 | 2005-07-21 | Dieter Grob | Cervical facet resurfacing implant |
US7846183B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2010-12-07 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | Vertebral facet joint prosthesis and method of fixation |
US20050209694A1 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-09-22 | Loeb Marvin P | Artificial spinal joints and method of use |
US8858599B2 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2014-10-14 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Systems and methods for flexible spinal stabilization |
US8012209B2 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2011-09-06 | Kyphon Sarl | Interspinous process implant including a binder, binder aligner and method of implantation |
WO2006042206A2 (en) * | 2004-10-06 | 2006-04-20 | Nuvasive, Inc. | Systems and methods for direct restoration of foraminal volume |
US8221461B2 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2012-07-17 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Crossbar spinal prosthesis having a modular design and systems for treating spinal pathologies |
US7776090B2 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2010-08-17 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Inter-cervical facet implant and method |
US7862590B2 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2011-01-04 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Interspinous process spacer |
US7837688B2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2010-11-23 | Globus Medical | Spinous process spacer |
US20070083200A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-04-12 | Gittings Darin C | Spinal stabilization systems and methods |
-
2005
- 2005-09-23 US US11/234,481 patent/US20070083200A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-08-31 EP EP06802876A patent/EP1937166A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-31 AU AU2006295188A patent/AU2006295188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-08-31 BR BRPI0616403-0A patent/BRPI0616403A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-08-31 WO PCT/US2006/034360 patent/WO2007037920A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-08-31 CA CA002623524A patent/CA2623524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-08-31 CN CNA2006800345513A patent/CN101351160A/en active Pending
- 2006-08-31 JP JP2008532246A patent/JP2009508633A/en active Pending
- 2006-08-31 EP EP16186386.5A patent/EP3167849B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-08-31 EP EP19174751.8A patent/EP3545885A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-29 US US11/540,044 patent/US20070167947A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-29 US US11/529,849 patent/US7803189B2/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-05-27 US US12/789,033 patent/US20100234951A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-08 US US12/927,208 patent/US9597125B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-03-09 US US15/530,859 patent/US20170325853A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (58)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US554431A (en) * | 1896-02-11 | Washer | ||
US1558364A (en) * | 1923-07-16 | 1925-10-20 | Elmer J Iverson | Washer |
US2983534A (en) * | 1958-09-22 | 1961-05-09 | Robert M Heller | Composite article |
US3867728A (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1975-02-25 | Cutter Lab | Prosthesis for spinal repair |
US3873168A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-03-25 | Gen Electric | Laminated composite article with improved bearing portion |
US4309777A (en) * | 1980-11-13 | 1982-01-12 | Patil Arun A | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US4669474A (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1987-06-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Absorbable nerve repair device and method |
US4623574A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1986-11-18 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
US4932969A (en) * | 1987-01-08 | 1990-06-12 | Sulzer Brothers Limited | Joint endoprosthesis |
US4759769A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-07-26 | Health & Research Services Inc. | Artificial spinal disc |
US4883486A (en) * | 1988-05-31 | 1989-11-28 | Indu Kapadia | Prosthetic ligament |
US4911718A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-03-27 | University Of Medicine & Dentistry Of N.J. | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer |
US6733535B2 (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 2004-05-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Spinal fusion implant having a trailing end adapted to engage an insertion device |
US5171281A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1992-12-15 | University Of Medicine & Dentistry Of New Jersey | Functional and biocompatible intervertebral disc spacer containing elastomeric material of varying hardness |
US5071437A (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1991-12-10 | Acromed Corporation | Artificial disc |
US5106252A (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-04-21 | Shapton W Robert | Interlocking washer assembly |
US5370697A (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1994-12-06 | Sulzer Medizinaltechnik Ag | Artificial intervertebral disk member |
US5609634A (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1997-03-11 | Voydeville; Gilles | Intervertebral prosthesis making possible rotatory stabilization and flexion/extension stabilization |
US5456722A (en) * | 1993-01-06 | 1995-10-10 | Smith & Nephew Richards Inc. | Load bearing polymeric cable |
US5827328A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-10-27 | Buttermann; Glenn R. | Intervertebral prosthetic device |
US6241691B1 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2001-06-05 | Micrus Corporation | Coated superelastic stent |
US6419706B1 (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2002-07-16 | Sofamor S.N.C. | Partial disc prosthesis |
US6626944B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2003-09-30 | Jean Taylor | Interspinous prosthesis |
US6656224B2 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 2003-12-02 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US6527803B1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2003-03-04 | Dimso (Distribution Medicale Du Sud-Ouest) | Intersomatic spine implant having anchoring elements |
US7147665B1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2006-12-12 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Threaded cylindrical multidiscoid single or multiple array disc prosthesis |
US6063121A (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-05-16 | Xavier; Ravi | Vertebral body prosthesis |
US6733532B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2004-05-11 | Stryker Spine | Intervertebral disc prosthesis with improved mechanical behavior |
US6113638A (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2000-09-05 | Williams; Lytton A. | Method and apparatus for intervertebral implant anchorage |
US6402785B1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-06-11 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Artificial disc implant |
US20020128714A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2002-09-12 | Mark Manasas | Orthopedic implant and method of making metal articles |
US6447543B1 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2002-09-10 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Basket-like container for implanting bone tissue |
US6419704B1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2002-07-16 | Bret Ferree | Artificial intervertebral disc replacement methods and apparatus |
US7291150B2 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2007-11-06 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Intervertebral stabilising device |
US20030187445A1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2003-10-02 | Peter T. Keith | Devices and methods for annular repair of intervertebral discs |
US20040006343A1 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2004-01-08 | Sevrain Lionel C. | Auxiliary vertebrae connecting device |
US7074240B2 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2006-07-11 | Perumala Corporation | Method and apparatus for stabilizing adjacent vertebrae |
US20020026244A1 (en) * | 2000-08-30 | 2002-02-28 | Trieu Hai H. | Intervertebral disc nucleus implants and methods |
US7220282B2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2007-05-22 | Spineology, Inc. | Annulus-reinforcing band |
US20020111687A1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-08-15 | Ralph James D. | Intervertebral spacer device utilizing a belleville washer having radially extending grooves |
US6827743B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2004-12-07 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Woven orthopedic implants |
US7229441B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2007-06-12 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Flexible systems for spinal stabilization and fixation |
US20020120270A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-08-29 | Hai Trieu | Flexible systems for spinal stabilization and fixation |
US20030028251A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-06 | Mathews Hallett H. | Methods and devices for interbody spinal stabilization |
US6645248B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-11-11 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US6626943B2 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-09-30 | Sulzer Orthopedics Ltd. | Artificial intervertebral disc |
US7166130B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2007-01-23 | Ferree Bret A | Artificial disc replacements with deployable fixation components |
US7563284B2 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2009-07-21 | Synthes Usa, Llc | Intervertebral disc implant |
US20040143332A1 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-07-22 | Krueger David J. | Movable disc implant |
US7060097B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2006-06-13 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Method and apparatus for implant stability |
US7377930B2 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2008-05-27 | Frank Loughran | Nerve protecting tube |
US20050060036A1 (en) * | 2003-05-21 | 2005-03-17 | Robert Schultz | Spinal column implant |
US20050021146A1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2005-01-27 | Spinalmotion, Inc. | Intervertebral prosthetic disc |
US20070168033A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2007-07-19 | Kim Daniel H | Prosthetic intervertebral discs having substantially rigid end plates and fibers between those end plates |
US7744612B2 (en) * | 2004-02-10 | 2010-06-29 | Spinal Elements, Inc. | System and method for protecting neurovascular structures |
US20060129239A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-15 | Kwak Seungkyu D | Artificial facet joint device having a compression spring |
US7309357B2 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-12-18 | Infinesse, Corporation | Prosthetic spinal discs |
US20070032875A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Terence Blacklock | Orthopaedic Medical Device |
Cited By (160)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7998177B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2011-08-16 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Linked bilateral spinal facet implants and methods of use |
US7998178B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2011-08-16 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Linked bilateral spinal facet implants and methods of use |
US8906063B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2014-12-09 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Spinal facet joint implant |
US7914560B2 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2011-03-29 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | Spinal facet implant with spherical implant apposition surface and bone bed and methods of use |
US20100087880A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2010-04-08 | Facet Solutions, Inc. | Facet Joint Replacement Instruments and Methods |
US9451990B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2016-09-27 | Globus Medical, Inc. | Facet joint replacement instruments and methods |
US8523904B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2013-09-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment |
US10080589B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2018-09-25 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment |
US20080009866A1 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2008-01-10 | Todd Alamin | Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment |
US9149304B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2015-10-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Sanford Junior University | Methods and systems for constraint of spinous processes with attachment |
US7815648B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2010-10-19 | Facet Solutions, Inc | Surgical measurement systems and methods |
US8777994B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2014-07-15 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for multiple level facet joint arthroplasty and fusion |
US9451997B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2016-09-27 | K2M, Inc. | Facet device and method |
US9011491B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2015-04-21 | K Spine, Inc. | Facet device and method |
US8114158B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 | 2012-02-14 | Kspine, Inc. | Facet device and method |
US20140012325A1 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2014-01-09 | Centinel Spine, Inc. | Systems and methods for stabilizing a functional spinal unit |
US20080071379A1 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-03-20 | Mark Rydell | Intervertebral disc replacement |
US8172882B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2012-05-08 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Implant system and method to treat degenerative disorders of the spine |
US8043337B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2011-10-25 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Implant system and method to treat degenerative disorders of the spine |
US20090264932A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-10-22 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments |
US8187307B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2012-05-29 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Structures and methods for constraining spinal processes with single connector |
US20080108993A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-05-08 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for deploying spinous process constraints |
US8029541B2 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2011-10-04 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes |
US9295499B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2016-03-29 | Empirical Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes |
US8790372B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2014-07-29 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments |
US8454660B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2013-06-04 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes |
US8162982B2 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2012-04-24 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for constraint of multiple spine segments |
US20090264929A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2009-10-22 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Structures and methods for constraining spinal processes with single connector |
US20080177264A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-07-24 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for laterally stabilized constraint of spinous processes |
US20080262549A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-10-23 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for deploying spinous process constraints |
US20080125780A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-05-29 | Ferree Bret A | Methods of posterior fixation and stabilization of a spinal segment |
US8109978B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2012-02-07 | Anova Corporation | Methods of posterior fixation and stabilization of a spinal segment |
US8206418B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2012-06-26 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for facet joint replacement with detachable coupler |
US8211147B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2012-07-03 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for facet joint replacement |
US8252027B2 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2012-08-28 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for facet joint replacement |
US8075596B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2011-12-13 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Spinal prosthesis systems |
US8702759B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2014-04-22 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for bone anchorage |
US9050144B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 | 2015-06-09 | Gmedelaware 2 Llc | System and method for implant anchorage with anti-rotation features |
US20080300686A1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | K2M, Inc. | Percutaneous interspinous process device and method |
US8070779B2 (en) | 2007-06-04 | 2011-12-06 | K2M, Inc. | Percutaneous interspinous process device and method |
US8182516B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-05-22 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Rod capture mechanism for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8109970B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-02-07 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system with a deflection contouring shield for a spine implant and method |
US8048123B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spine implant with a deflection rod system and connecting linkages and method |
US8048113B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system with a non-linear deflection to load characteristic for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8298267B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-10-30 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spine implant with a deflection rod system including a deflection limiting shield associated with a bone screw and method |
US8052722B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-08 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dual deflection rod system for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8052721B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-08 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Multi-dimensional horizontal rod for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8048122B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spine implant with a dual deflection rod system including a deflection limiting sheild associated with a bone screw and method |
US7942900B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-05-17 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Shaped horizontal rod for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8057514B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-15 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system dimensioned for deflection to a load characteristic for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8066747B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-29 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Implantation method for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8070780B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Bone anchor with a yoke-shaped anchor head for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8070774B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Reinforced bone anchor for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8048115B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Surgical tool and method for implantation of a dynamic bone anchor |
US8070775B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8070776B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system for use with a vertebral fusion implant for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8048128B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Revision system and method for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8080039B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-20 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Anchor system for a spine implantation system that can move about three axes |
US7963978B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-06-21 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Method for implanting a deflection rod system and customizing the deflection rod system for a particular patient need for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system |
US8083772B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-12-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic spinal rod assembly and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8092501B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-01-10 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic spinal rod and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8568451B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2013-10-29 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Bone anchor for receiving a rod for stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US7993372B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-08-09 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system with a shielded deflection rod system and method |
US8002800B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-08-23 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Horizontal rod with a mounting platform for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8105356B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-01-31 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Bone anchor with a curved mounting element for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8105359B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-01-31 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8048121B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spine implant with a defelction rod system anchored to a bone anchor and method |
US8317836B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-11-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Bone anchor for receiving a rod for stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8114130B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-02-14 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system for spine implant with end connectors and method |
US8114134B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-02-14 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spinal prosthesis having a three bar linkage for motion preservation and dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8021396B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-09-20 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Configurable dynamic spinal rod and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8118842B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-02-21 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Multi-level dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8142480B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-03-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system with horizontal deflection rod and articulating vertical rods |
US8147520B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-04-03 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Horizontally loaded dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8211150B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-07-03 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8002803B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-08-23 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system for a spine implant including an inner rod and an outer shell and method |
US8162987B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-04-24 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Modular spine treatment kit for dynamic stabilization and motion preservation of the spine |
US8172881B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-05-08 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method with a deflection rod mounted in close proximity to a mounting rod |
US8012175B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-09-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Multi-directional deflection profile for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8177815B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-05-15 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Super-elastic deflection rod for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US7985243B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2011-07-26 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Deflection rod system with mount for a dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8182515B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-05-22 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method |
US8192469B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-06-05 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Dynamic stabilization and motion preservation spinal implantation system and method with a deflection rod |
US8162979B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2012-04-24 | K Spine, Inc. | Medical device and method to correct deformity |
US10426523B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2019-10-01 | K2M, Inc. | Medical device and method to correct deformity |
US9848917B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2017-12-26 | K2M, Inc. | Medical device and method to correct deformity |
US11246628B2 (en) | 2007-06-06 | 2022-02-15 | K2M, Inc. | Medical device and method to correct deformity |
US8403961B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2013-03-26 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and devices for controlled flexion restriction of spinal segments |
US8403964B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2013-03-26 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segment |
US20080319487A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-25 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and Devices for Controlled Flexion Restriction of Spinal Segments |
US20110172708A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-07-14 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness of a spinal segment with elongation limit |
US20100036424A1 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-02-11 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and systems for increasing the bending stiffness and constraining the spreading of a spinal segment |
US10736670B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2020-08-11 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Spinous process spacer hammock |
US20090005873A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Michael Andrew Slivka | Spinous Process Spacer Hammock |
US8007518B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-08-30 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing component having a deflectable post and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8097024B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-01-17 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and method for stabilization of the spine |
US8333792B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-12-18 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8337536B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-12-25 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post with a compliant ring and method for stabilization of the spine |
US8267979B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-09-18 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a deflectable post and axial spring and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8048125B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-11-01 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Versatile offset polyaxial connector and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8211155B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2012-07-03 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a durable compliant member and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8057515B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-11-15 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing anchor having a deflectable post and centering spring and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8057517B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-11-15 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing component having a deflectable post and centering spring and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8083775B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-12-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Load-sharing bone anchor having a natural center of rotation and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8012181B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-09-06 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Modular in-line deflection rod and bone anchor system and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US8016861B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 | 2011-09-13 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Versatile polyaxial connector assembly and method for dynamic stabilization of the spine |
US20090297603A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-03 | Abhijeet Joshi | Interspinous dynamic stabilization system with anisotropic hydrogels |
US20100004701A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-07 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for deploying spinous process constraints |
US20100023060A1 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2010-01-28 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for locking a band |
US8187305B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2012-05-29 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for deploying spinous process constraints |
US8308771B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2012-11-13 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for locking a band |
US20100036418A1 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Facet augmentation |
US8840647B2 (en) * | 2008-08-05 | 2014-09-23 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Facet augmentation |
US8828058B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2014-09-09 | Kspine, Inc. | Growth directed vertebral fixation system with distractible connector(s) and apical control |
US10842536B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2020-11-24 | K2M, Inc. | Growth directed vertebral fixation system with distractible connector(s) and apical control |
US9510865B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2016-12-06 | K2M, Inc. | Growth directed vertebral fixation system with distractible connector(s) and apical control |
US8216281B2 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2012-07-10 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Low profile spinal prosthesis incorporating a bone anchor having a deflectable post and a compound spinal rod |
EP2405840A4 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2013-12-11 | Simpirica Spine Inc | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
WO2010104975A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US20100234894A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US10314623B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2019-06-11 | Empirical Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
WO2010104935A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
EP2405840A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2012-01-18 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
EP2405839A4 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2013-12-11 | Simpirica Spine Inc | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
EP2405839A1 (en) * | 2009-03-10 | 2012-01-18 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US9107706B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2015-08-18 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US8562653B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2013-10-22 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US8529606B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2013-09-10 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use |
US8357183B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2013-01-22 | Kspine, Inc. | Semi-constrained anchoring system |
US9173681B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2015-11-03 | K2M, Inc. | Alignment system with longitudinal support features |
US11154329B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2021-10-26 | K2M, Inc. | Semi-constrained anchoring system |
US9358044B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2016-06-07 | K2M, Inc. | Semi-constrained anchoring system |
US8357182B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2013-01-22 | Kspine, Inc. | Alignment system with longitudinal support features |
US8518086B2 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2013-08-27 | K Spine, Inc. | Semi-constrained anchoring system |
US8668719B2 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2014-03-11 | Simpirica Spine, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improving shear loading capacity of a spinal segment |
US9827022B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2017-11-28 | K2M, Llc | Growth modulation system |
US10736669B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2020-08-11 | K2M, Inc. | Growth modulation system |
US9168071B2 (en) | 2009-09-15 | 2015-10-27 | K2M, Inc. | Growth modulation system |
US8257397B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2012-09-04 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Low profile spinal prosthesis incorporating a bone anchor having a deflectable post and a compound spinal rod |
US8372122B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2013-02-12 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Low profile spinal prosthesis incorporating a bone anchor having a deflectable post and a compound spinal rod |
US8394127B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2013-03-12 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Low profile spinal prosthesis incorporating a bone anchor having a deflectable post and a compound spinal rod |
US8518085B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2013-08-27 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Adaptive spinal rod and methods for stabilization of the spine |
US10675062B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2020-06-09 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction system actuators |
US9333009B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2016-05-10 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction system actuators |
US9895168B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2018-02-20 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction system actuators |
US9408638B2 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2016-08-09 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction system actuators |
US9113959B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2015-08-25 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
US8920472B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2014-12-30 | Kspine, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
US9468468B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse connector for spinal stabilization system |
US10342581B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2019-07-09 | K2M, Inc. | System and method for spinal correction |
US9468469B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse coupler adjuster spinal correction systems and methods |
US11013538B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2021-05-25 | K2M, Inc. | System and method for spinal correction |
US10702311B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2020-07-07 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
US9827017B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2017-11-28 | K2M, Inc. | Spinal correction and secondary stabilization |
US8430916B1 (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2013-04-30 | Spartek Medical, Inc. | Spinal rod connectors, methods of use, and spinal prosthesis incorporating spinal rod connectors |
US10159580B2 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2018-12-25 | Tsunami S.R.L. | Vertebral fusion device and system |
US20150282944A1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-10-08 | Giancarlo Guizzardi | Vertebral fusion device and system |
US9468471B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2016-10-18 | K2M, Inc. | Transverse coupler adjuster spinal correction systems and methods |
US10238450B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | Thixos Llc | Devices, kits and methods relating to treatment of facet joints |
US10912605B2 (en) | 2013-11-13 | 2021-02-09 | Thixos Llc | Devices, kits and methods relating to treatment of facet joints |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110093012A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
AU2006295188A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
EP3545885A1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
US20100234951A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CN101351160A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
US7803189B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 |
EP3167849B1 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
EP3167849A1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US9597125B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
CA2623524A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
US20170325853A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JP2009508633A (en) | 2009-03-05 |
BRPI0616403A2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
WO2007037920A2 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
EP1937166A2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
WO2007037920A3 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
US20070167947A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
EP1937166A4 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
US20070168035A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20070083200A1 (en) | Spinal stabilization systems and methods | |
US20080183209A1 (en) | Spinal Stabilization Device | |
US7445637B2 (en) | Vertebra stabilizing assembly | |
US9044278B2 (en) | Inter spinous process spacer with compressible core providing dynamic stabilization | |
US7998175B2 (en) | Systems and methods for posterior dynamic stabilization of the spine | |
EP2117471B1 (en) | Spinal implant | |
US7985244B2 (en) | Posterior dynamic stabilizer devices | |
US8529626B2 (en) | Systems and methods for stabilizing a functional spinal unit | |
US20070225810A1 (en) | Flexible cage spinal implant | |
US20070270952A1 (en) | Prosthetic intervertebral discs implantable by minimally invasive surgical techniques | |
US20080208260A1 (en) | Spine treatment devices and methods | |
US20090093819A1 (en) | Anisotropic spinal stabilization rod | |
US20080177320A1 (en) | Vertebral Rods and Methods of Use | |
US20090297603A1 (en) | Interspinous dynamic stabilization system with anisotropic hydrogels | |
WO2003075805A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for replacing vertebral elements | |
KR20100032868A (en) | Posterior total joint replacement | |
EP2173266A1 (en) | Method for stabilizing a facet joint | |
WO2017190236A1 (en) | Vertebral implant |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPINAL KINETICS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GITTINGS, DARIN C.;REO, MICHAEL L.;ROBINSON, JANINE C.;REEL/FRAME:017473/0382 Effective date: 20051215 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPINAL KINETICS INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROBINSON, JANINE C.;KOSCE, NICHOLAS C.;GITTINGS, DARIN C.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:019731/0126;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070718 TO 20070720 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC. AND VENTURE LEND Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SPINAL KINETICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:025614/0428 Effective date: 20100730 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPINAL KINETICS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNORS:VENTURE LENDING & LEASING V, INC.;VENTURE LENDING & LEASING VI, INC.;REEL/FRAME:040605/0969 Effective date: 20161208 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK, CALIFORNIA Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPINAL KINETICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:041073/0831 Effective date: 20170123 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NH EXPANSION CREDIT FUND HOLDINGS LP, NEW YORK Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SPINAL KINETICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:041069/0213 Effective date: 20170123 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- AFTER EXAMINER'S ANSWER OR BOARD OF APPEALS DECISION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPINAL KINETICS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:SILICON VALLEY BANK;REEL/FRAME:042204/0161 Effective date: 20170410 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPINAL KINETICS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:NH EXPANSION CREDIT FUND HOLDINGS LP;REEL/FRAME:045693/0156 Effective date: 20180430 |