US20070077436A1 - Composite product - Google Patents
Composite product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070077436A1 US20070077436A1 US11/634,285 US63428506A US2007077436A1 US 20070077436 A1 US20070077436 A1 US 20070077436A1 US 63428506 A US63428506 A US 63428506A US 2007077436 A1 US2007077436 A1 US 2007077436A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- functional layer
- composite product
- substrate
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CBYZIWCZNMOEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene Chemical class O=C.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 CBYZIWCZNMOEAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WEFLTJMZDFLYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;formaldehyde;hydrogen sulfate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound [Na+].O=C.OS([O-])(=O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 WEFLTJMZDFLYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011518 fibre cement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;ethenyl acetate Chemical group C=C.CC(=O)OC=C HDERJYVLTPVNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011405 expansive cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005002 finish coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013022 formulation composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011404 masonry cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011412 natural cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
- B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
- B28B1/522—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement for producing multi-layered articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
- B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/12—Flooring or floor layers made of masses in situ, e.g. seamless magnesite floors, terrazzo gypsum floors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
- Y10S106/01—Fly ash
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/249932—Fiber embedded in a layer derived from a water-settable material [e.g., cement, gypsum, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
- Y10T428/249968—Of hydraulic-setting material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249971—Preformed hollow element-containing
- Y10T428/249972—Resin or rubber element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
- Y10T428/31667—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers, or aldehyde or ketone condensation product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to composites and particularly, but not limited to, fibre reinforced building composites.
- Fibre reinforced cement is an extremely popular building product.
- FRC products have limited acoustic, thermal and fire retardant properties. They can exhibit limited workability and generally lie in the medium density range (around 1300 kg/m 3 ) or higher (compressed densities of around 1700 kg/m 3 ).
- the properties of fibre cement are altered by addition of other materials eg different fibres, fillers etc or altered with different production techniques.
- Such alterations to the FRC formulation can be expensive to develop in order to ensure no detrimental side effects arise from such new formulations. Alterations in production methods or equipment are also expensive and time consuming to develop. Such techniques also do not provide for true “tailoring” of the FRC product. It is, of course, inappropriate to shut down an entire production line, for example, to produce a small batch of FRC product tailored to a specific use.
- the present invention provides a composite product comprising a substrate layer and one or more functional layers applied thereto, each functional layer including a mixture of hydraulic binder, dewatering agent wherein the quantity of dewatering agent is sufficient to permit de-watering of each functional layer through the substrate layer and any additional functional layer.
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a composite product comprising:
- the substrate layer is a fibre reinforced base material such as fibre reinforced cement.
- This substrate layer provides a structural base on which additional functional layers may be added.
- the functional layers may be added to both sides of the substrate layer but most preferably are added to one side which generally expose one side of the building board during production. Such a technique allows the aforementioned method to be applied to current FRC production techniques such as Hatschek.
- the present applicants have developed a process for manufacture of a composite article to virtually any desired specification or use.
- the present inventive composite and method starts with a simple water permeable substrate layer such as conventional fibre reinforced building board.
- a simple water permeable substrate layer such as conventional fibre reinforced building board.
- the base layer are added one or more functional layers, each functional layer being specifically tailored to provide the desired functionality.
- the slurry formulation from which the functional layer is formed can include insulating materials such as rubber crumbs, vermiculite, perlite, gypsum, etc.
- water permeability may be decreased by including water resistant polymers eg silanes, siloxane blends etc or pozzalanic materials such as silica fume, metakaoline, ultrafine fly ash etc.
- water resistant polymers eg silanes, siloxane blends etc or pozzalanic materials such as silica fume, metakaoline, ultrafine fly ash etc.
- Density modification of the functional layer can be accomplished by addition of suitable light weight materials such as cenospheres (ceramic hollow spheres), expanded polystyrene, vermiculite, perlite etc.
- the inventive process enables various functional layers to be integrated into a single composite by appropriate slurry modification.
- each functional layer has a reinforcing layer positioned therebetween.
- the reinforcing layer may comprise fibre mesh or netting, and serves to improve the strength and durability of the composite product.
- the reinforcing layer may comprise a thin fibre reinforced cementitious layer similar for instance to the base material.
- a thin fibre reinforced cementitious layer similar for instance to the base material.
- This provides for more efficient utilisation of such fibre reinforced layers, similar to sandwich composite technology.
- a core area can be formed as the aforementioned functional layer with low fibre reinforcement.
- Areas which require high fibre reinforcement due to high tensile strength ie surface or skin areas, can be covered by a fibre reinforced cementitious layer.
- the thus formed fibre reinforced layers act as sandwich skins with a de-watered slurry functional layer acting as a sandwich core.
- the described composite provides significant advantages over monolithic fibre reinforced composites. Firstly, by the aforementioned composite action, fibres can be positioned in areas where they are most required. This will, of course, lead to a reduction in the fibre reinforced volume of the product.
- one of the most important advantages arising from preferred embodiments of the present invention is the ability to concentrate a particular functionality into a single layer.
- any adjustments to the functional or structural aspects of the product au be diluted or diminished or unevenly spread throughout the product.
- additives and filler can be incorporated for specific purposes, ie acoustic, thermal or fire performance, density modification, cost or production efficiency.
- a top or finish coating layer can also be provided for the composite product by a fibre reinforced cementitious layer, a material similar or identical to the functional layer or any other product.
- the top or finishing coating can be primarily an “aesthetic” layer of, say, ultrafine particle size or made from a sandable material to smooth the exterior surface of the composite product and thereby provide a finish/paint ready surface.
- the dewatering agent serves to maintain sufficient porosity in the slurry and product to be coated to permit dewatering of the slurry through the product to be coated.
- the dewatering agent is a particulate material such as fly ash, alumina trihydrate, silica flour, cenospheres (ceramic hollow spheres) or similar.
- Fly ash is particularly preferred as it permits dewatering of the slurry within a few minutes.
- Other particulate dewatering agents such as alumina trihydrate or silica flour may also be used, however, they increase the time required for dewatering of the slurry through the product to be coated.
- the slurry applied to the product to be coated has a high water content.
- the water content can be up to about 50%. This is in contrast to previous cementitious formulations which generally have a very high solids content.
- a self levelling dewaterable slurry is obtained which can be applied to the substrate layer, dewatered through the substrate layer and thereby provide a uniform coating over this substrate layer.
- the resultant product would be normally cured, steam cured or hydrothermally cured, ie autoclaved, and if required, sanded to a smooth flat finish.
- the substrate layer to which the functional layers can be applied is virtually limitless provided the slurry can be dewatered through the substrate layer.
- Cementitious and gypsum building boards are typical examples of suitable building products on which the coating can be applied.
- the thickness of the functional layers would range from around 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm and most preferably about 1 to 3 mm.
- the layer may have a depth of around 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm and most preferably about 0.5 to 1 mm.
- the thus produced composite is comparable in its workability to monolithic (single layer) composites. It can be flexed, cut, drilled and fixed by nails etc to a frame without surface cracking or chipping.
- hydroaulic binder refers to a pulverised material in the solid, dry state which, when mixed with water, yields plastic mixtures that are able to set and harden, for example a cement. Included within the definition are white, grey or pigmented cements and hydraulic limes.
- cement includes hydraulic and alite cements such as portland cement, blended cements such as portland cement blended with fly ash, blast-furnace slag, pozzalans and the like and mixtures thereof, masonry cement, oil well cement, natural cement, alumina cement, expansive cements and the like, or mixtures thereof.
- the quantity of binder in the formulation is preferably between about 10 to 50 wt % based on the total dry ingredients, more preferably about 15 to 40 wt % and most preferably about 20 to 30 wt %.
- the fly ash used in the preferred embodiments provides a number of advantages including, particularly, as an aid to dewatering of the slurry as defined above.
- powder ash refers to a solid powder having a chemical composition similar to or the same as the composition of material that is produced during combustion of powdered coal, ie about 25 to 60 wt % silica, about 10 to 30 wt % Al 2 0 3 , about 5 to 25 wt % Fe 2 O 3 , about 0 to 20 wt % CaO and about 0 to 5 wt % MgO.
- the dewatering agent may include a coarse fraction fly ash which is greater than about 100 microns.
- This coarse fraction fly ash includes bottom ash or similar products from coal combustion. There is an advantage to using these products over the aforementioned particle size fly ash since it is cheaper.
- some reformulation of the slurry may be required to provide a suitable coating and appropriate dewatering characteristics when the dewatering agent is such a coarse fraction fly ash.
- Fly ash particles are typically spherical and range in diameter from about 1 to 100 microns.
- the fly ash comprises two components.
- a first ‘larger’ size particles of fly ash with preferably about a 100 micron maximum size. This size range of fly ash is used in the slurry to aid in improving the dewatering characteristics of the slurry but also as a moderately reactive pozzalan.
- the second ‘smaller’ fly ash size zone which preferably has about a 10 micron maximum size also adds an improving dewatering characteristic but is a more highly reactive pozzalan. This ‘smaller’ fly ash particle zone also improves the sanded surface quality of the finish layer.
- the first fly ash comprises about 10 to 60 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 20 to 50 wt % and most preferably about 30 to 40 wt %.
- the second fly ash component preferably provides about 5 to 30 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 10 to 25 wt % and most preferably about 15 to 20%.
- the functional layers may optionally contain other additives such as fillers.
- fillers may also be used to improve the dewatering characteristics of the slurry.
- cenospheres high ceramic microspheres
- wollastonite diatomite
- ground rice hulls ground perlite or the like
- fillers may also be used to provide additional benefits, for example calcium carbonates or alumina hydrates improve sandability and flexibility of the coated layer respectively.
- Silica flour improves hardness of the sanded surface of the coating layer and the acoustic/thermal insulation properties of the layer can be improved by including rubber particles, vermiculite, perlite, shredded or expanded polystyrene or gypsum.
- the fillers preferably comprise about 5 to 30 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 10 to 25 wt % and most preferably about 25 to 20 wt %.
- the functional layers may also contain other organic additives.
- Cement plasticising agents may be used to alter the rheology of the slurry. Suitable cement plasticising agents include melamine sulphonate formaldehyde condensates, naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates, naphthalene sulphonates, calcium lignosulphonates, sodium lignosulphonates, saccharose, sodium gluconate, sulphonic acids, carbohydrates, amino carboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxilic acids, sulphonated melomine and the like.
- the amount of cement plasticiser of course will depend upon the fluidising ability of the particular plasticisers. Generally the quantity of plasticiser will be in the range of about 0.3 to 3 wt % and more preferably about 0.5 to 2 wt % based on the total of dry ingredients in the formulation.
- cement plasticisers are Melment F-10, a melamine formaldehyde sodium bisulphate polymer dispersant marketed by SKW-Trostburg in the form of a fine white powder.
- Another suitable plasticiser is Neosyn, a condensed sodium salt of sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde available from Hodgson Chemicals.
- Another preferred component in the coating is a biopolymer which acts to enhance the flowability, segregation resistance and self levelling qualities of the cementitious slurry.
- Particularly suitable bioplymers are xanathan gum and/or whelan gum, eg KELCO-CRETE, K1C 376 manufactured by Monsanto.
- Latex may also be included in the formulation to improve adherence, elasticity, stability and impermeability of the functional layers.
- the latex also improves flexibility of the formed composite.
- the latex may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic latex, styrene latex, butadiene latex or mixtures thereof and is provided preferably in an amount between about 0.5 to 20%, more preferably about 1 to 15% and most preferably about 10% by weight of cement (on polymer solids basis) solids.
- Vinyl polymers may also be incorporated into the formulation either in addition or as a substitute to the latex emulsions. Such vinyl polymers or equivalent polymeric materials enhance adhesion, resilience and flexural strength and abrasion resistance of the functional layer.
- Preferred vinyl polymers include polyvinyl acetate or a copolymer vinyl acetate with another monomer such as ethylene.
- a particularly preferred vinyl acetate resin is VINNAPAS LL5044 thermo plastic resin powder which contains a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer available from Wacker. Such powdered vinyl polymer is preferably provided in quantities similar to the latex emulsion referred to above.
- conventional other additives such as mineral oxides, hydroxides and clays, metal oxides and hydroxides, fire retardants such as magnesite, thickeners, silica fume or amorphous silica, water sealing agents, water reducing agents, setting modifiers, hardeners, dispersants, foaming agents or flocculating agents, water-proofing agents and density modifiers are suitable for use with the present invention.
- one particular advantage arising from the preferred embodiments is the ability to treat the product to be coated by providing additives in the functional layer.
- additives in the functional layer.
- a waterproofing agent such as silane may be included in the formulation in excess of the functional layer requirements.
- the silane will be drawn into and through the base layer being coated thereby treating the base layer.
- This simultaneous treatment of the base layer as well as providing a functional attribute via the deposited layer is a valuable additional benefit arising from the aforedescribed method.
- a slurry of the formulation is prepared by mixing the hydraulic binder, fly ash and other optional components with water.
- the solids content in the slurry is preferably between about 50 and 90%, more preferably about 55 to 80% and most preferably about 60 to 70%.
- the slurry is applied to the base layer by any convenient means such as brushes rollers, knives or sprays etc.
- the slurry is designed to self level and form a uniform coating on the product.
- the building product to be coated exhibits s certain degree of porosity causing the slurry to dewater and form a uniform deposited cementitious layer.
- Time for dewatering can vary quite dramatically but normally occurs between about 10 and 90 seconds, depending on the porosity of the material to be coated, its water content and thickness and viscosity of the slurry formulation.
- a vacuum may be used to reduce the slurry dewatering time if required. This is particularly useful when tailoring the coating process to the speed of a building product forming process, eg between about 40 to 45 seconds on a Hatschek production line.
- the green laminate article comprising the building product plus coating is preferably precured for a short time, eg up to about 48 hours, then cured by air/moist curing at room temperature, steam curing between about 40 and 90° C. or autoclaving in a steam pressure vessel between about 120 and 200° C.
- a curing time range between about 6 and 72 hours, preferably up to about 48 hours, is suitable.
- the length of time chosen for curing is dependent on the formulation, the manufacturing process and form of the article.
- the aforementioned examples provide a composite comparable in workability to monolithic or single layer composites. They can be flexed, cut, drilled or fixed by nails or the like to a frame without surface cracking or chipping.
- the surface is ‘finish-ready’ and remains smooth, flat, crack-free and with low permeability even when used in a curved configuration.
- Each example provided excellent interlaminer bond between the base sheet and coating exhibiting good composite action, compatibility and resistance to delamination.
- the applicants have developed a unique process which allows them to combine fibre reinforced layers with functional dewatered slurry layers optional reinforced with a wide range of synthetic or natural fibres, eg polypropylene, glass, PVA, cellulose fibres etc.
- the outcome of the aforementioned method is to produce a fibre reinforced composite with strength, water resistance, incombustibility of fibre cement with a low density, surface finish and insulation properties of, for example, gypsum board.
Abstract
Description
- Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120, this continuation application claims priority from, and hereby incorporates by reference for all purposes, copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/128,778 entitled Composite Product, naming Basil Naji, John Sydney Cottier, and Robert Lyons as inventors, filed May 13, 2005, which pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §120 claims the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/090,406 (Issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,893,751, issued May 17, 2005) entitled Composite Product, naming Basil Naji, John Sydney Cottier, and Robert Lyons as inventors, filed Mar. 4, 2002, which claims priority from the following Australian provisional patent applications, the full contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes:
App. No. Title Date Filed PR3474 A Composite Product 2 Mar. 2001 PR3475 Spattering Apparatus 2 Mar. 2001 PR3476 Additive for a Dewaterable 2 Mar. 2001 Slurry PR3477 A Method and Apparatus for 2 Mar. 2001 Forming a Laminated Sheet Material by Spattering PR3478 Coatings for Building 2 Mar. 2001 Products - 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to composites and particularly, but not limited to, fibre reinforced building composites.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of common general knowledge in the field.
- Fibre reinforced cement (FRC) is an extremely popular building product.
- The applicant along with other various parties have developed a variety of techniques for producing fibre reinforced cement building products and tailoring those FRC products to the particular environment of use.
- There are still, however, certain limitations with regard to FRC products. They have limited acoustic, thermal and fire retardant properties. They can exhibit limited workability and generally lie in the medium density range (around 1300 kg/m3) or higher (compressed densities of around 1700 kg/m3).
- Generally, the properties of fibre cement are altered by addition of other materials eg different fibres, fillers etc or altered with different production techniques. Such alterations to the FRC formulation, however, can be expensive to develop in order to ensure no detrimental side effects arise from such new formulations. Alterations in production methods or equipment are also expensive and time consuming to develop. Such techniques also do not provide for true “tailoring” of the FRC product. It is, of course, inappropriate to shut down an entire production line, for example, to produce a small batch of FRC product tailored to a specific use.
- It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
- In a broad aspect, the present invention provides a composite product comprising a substrate layer and one or more functional layers applied thereto, each functional layer including a mixture of hydraulic binder, dewatering agent wherein the quantity of dewatering agent is sufficient to permit de-watering of each functional layer through the substrate layer and any additional functional layer.
- In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a composite product comprising:
-
- (i) providing a substrate layer,
- (ii) providing a slurry formulation including an hydraulic binder and dewatering agent,
- (iii) applying said slurry to said substrate layer to form a functional layer,
- (iv) dewatering the functional layer, and
- (v) optionally repeating steps (ii) through (iv), wherein the quantity of dewatering agent is sufficient to maintain porosity and thereby permit de-watering of each functional layer through the substrate layer and any additional functional layer.
- Preferably, the substrate layer is a fibre reinforced base material such as fibre reinforced cement. This substrate layer provides a structural base on which additional functional layers may be added.
- The functional layers may be added to both sides of the substrate layer but most preferably are added to one side which generally expose one side of the building board during production. Such a technique allows the aforementioned method to be applied to current FRC production techniques such as Hatschek.
- The present applicants have developed a process for manufacture of a composite article to virtually any desired specification or use. To explain, the present inventive composite and method starts with a simple water permeable substrate layer such as conventional fibre reinforced building board. To this base layer are added one or more functional layers, each functional layer being specifically tailored to provide the desired functionality. For example, if it is desired to provide an insulating layer, the slurry formulation from which the functional layer is formed can include insulating materials such as rubber crumbs, vermiculite, perlite, gypsum, etc.
- Similarly, water permeability may be decreased by including water resistant polymers eg silanes, siloxane blends etc or pozzalanic materials such as silica fume, metakaoline, ultrafine fly ash etc.
- Density modification of the functional layer can be accomplished by addition of suitable light weight materials such as cenospheres (ceramic hollow spheres), expanded polystyrene, vermiculite, perlite etc.
- The inventive process enables various functional layers to be integrated into a single composite by appropriate slurry modification.
- In a preferred embodiment, each functional layer has a reinforcing layer positioned therebetween. The reinforcing layer may comprise fibre mesh or netting, and serves to improve the strength and durability of the composite product.
- In some instances, the reinforcing layer may comprise a thin fibre reinforced cementitious layer similar for instance to the base material. This provides for more efficient utilisation of such fibre reinforced layers, similar to sandwich composite technology. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, that there are areas of a composite which require less fibre reinforcement ie the core. Such a core area can be formed as the aforementioned functional layer with low fibre reinforcement. Areas which require high fibre reinforcement due to high tensile strength ie surface or skin areas, can be covered by a fibre reinforced cementitious layer. The thus formed fibre reinforced layers act as sandwich skins with a de-watered slurry functional layer acting as a sandwich core.
- As a result, the described composite provides significant advantages over monolithic fibre reinforced composites. Firstly, by the aforementioned composite action, fibres can be positioned in areas where they are most required. This will, of course, lead to a reduction in the fibre reinforced volume of the product.
- Secondly, such a reduced fibre volume will lead to an improvement in non-combustibility and thermal insulation performance of the composite. Production of a non-combustible composite has, in the past, been difficult to achieve due the high cost of non-combustible fibres and specialised processes required for their use.
- Further, one of the most important advantages arising from preferred embodiments of the present invention is the ability to concentrate a particular functionality into a single layer. To explain, in large monolithic structural layers, particularly fibre reinforced cement building products, any adjustments to the functional or structural aspects of the product, au be diluted or diminished or unevenly spread throughout the product. There is also the possibility of adverse side reactions occurring during production of such a monolithic product which may diminish the structural or functional attributes required. With the present invention, on the other hand, it is possible to concentrate or target specific functional or structural attributes within a single functional layer thereby assuring the attribute is provided to the resultant composite product.
- Indeed, various optional additives and filler can be incorporated for specific purposes, ie acoustic, thermal or fire performance, density modification, cost or production efficiency.
- A top or finish coating layer can also be provided for the composite product by a fibre reinforced cementitious layer, a material similar or identical to the functional layer or any other product. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the top or finishing coating can be primarily an “aesthetic” layer of, say, ultrafine particle size or made from a sandable material to smooth the exterior surface of the composite product and thereby provide a finish/paint ready surface.
- Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words ‘comprise’, ‘comprising’, and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to”.
- The dewatering agent serves to maintain sufficient porosity in the slurry and product to be coated to permit dewatering of the slurry through the product to be coated. Preferably, the dewatering agent is a particulate material such as fly ash, alumina trihydrate, silica flour, cenospheres (ceramic hollow spheres) or similar.
- Fly ash is particularly preferred as it permits dewatering of the slurry within a few minutes. Other particulate dewatering agents such as alumina trihydrate or silica flour may also be used, however, they increase the time required for dewatering of the slurry through the product to be coated.
- In a preferred embodiment, the slurry applied to the product to be coated has a high water content. Preferably, the water content can be up to about 50%. This is in contrast to previous cementitious formulations which generally have a very high solids content.
- By combining the various components of the formulation described above, a self levelling dewaterable slurry is obtained which can be applied to the substrate layer, dewatered through the substrate layer and thereby provide a uniform coating over this substrate layer.
- Normally, after application of the coating, the resultant product would be normally cured, steam cured or hydrothermally cured, ie autoclaved, and if required, sanded to a smooth flat finish.
- The substrate layer to which the functional layers can be applied is virtually limitless provided the slurry can be dewatered through the substrate layer. Cementitious and gypsum building boards are typical examples of suitable building products on which the coating can be applied.
- The thickness of the functional layers would range from around 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm and most preferably about 1 to 3 mm.
- After optional sanding, the layer may have a depth of around 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably about 1 to 2 mm and most preferably about 0.5 to 1 mm. The thus produced composite is comparable in its workability to monolithic (single layer) composites. It can be flexed, cut, drilled and fixed by nails etc to a frame without surface cracking or chipping.
- The applicants have found an extremely good interlaminer bond and compatibility between the dewatered slurry layer and base layer resulting in excellent composite action, compatibility and resistance to delamination.
- The term ‘hydraulic binder’ as used throughout the specification refers to a pulverised material in the solid, dry state which, when mixed with water, yields plastic mixtures that are able to set and harden, for example a cement. Included within the definition are white, grey or pigmented cements and hydraulic limes.
- The term ‘cement’ includes hydraulic and alite cements such as portland cement, blended cements such as portland cement blended with fly ash, blast-furnace slag, pozzalans and the like and mixtures thereof, masonry cement, oil well cement, natural cement, alumina cement, expansive cements and the like, or mixtures thereof.
- The quantity of binder in the formulation is preferably between about 10 to 50 wt % based on the total dry ingredients, more preferably about 15 to 40 wt % and most preferably about 20 to 30 wt %.
- The fly ash used in the preferred embodiments provides a number of advantages including, particularly, as an aid to dewatering of the slurry as defined above.
- The term ‘fly ash’ as used herein refers to a solid powder having a chemical composition similar to or the same as the composition of material that is produced during combustion of powdered coal, ie about 25 to 60 wt % silica, about 10 to 30 wt % Al203, about 5 to 25 wt % Fe2O3, about 0 to 20 wt % CaO and about 0 to 5 wt % MgO.
- In another preferred embodiment, the dewatering agent may include a coarse fraction fly ash which is greater than about 100 microns. This coarse fraction fly ash includes bottom ash or similar products from coal combustion. There is an advantage to using these products over the aforementioned particle size fly ash since it is cheaper. Of course, as will be clear to persons skilled in the art, some reformulation of the slurry may be required to provide a suitable coating and appropriate dewatering characteristics when the dewatering agent is such a coarse fraction fly ash.
- Fly ash particles are typically spherical and range in diameter from about 1 to 100 microns. In a preferred embodiment, the fly ash comprises two components. A first ‘larger’ size particles of fly ash with preferably about a 100 micron maximum size. This size range of fly ash is used in the slurry to aid in improving the dewatering characteristics of the slurry but also as a moderately reactive pozzalan.
- The second ‘smaller’ fly ash size zone which preferably has about a 10 micron maximum size also adds an improving dewatering characteristic but is a more highly reactive pozzalan. This ‘smaller’ fly ash particle zone also improves the sanded surface quality of the finish layer.
- In a preferred embodiment, the first fly ash comprises about 10 to 60 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 20 to 50 wt % and most preferably about 30 to 40 wt %.
- The second fly ash component preferably provides about 5 to 30 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 10 to 25 wt % and most preferably about 15 to 20%.
- The functional layers may optionally contain other additives such as fillers. Such fillers may also be used to improve the dewatering characteristics of the slurry. For example, cenospheres (hollow ceramic microspheres) diatomite, wollastonite, ground rice hulls, ground perlite or the like, are particularly suitable for this purpose.
- These and other fillers may also be used to provide additional benefits, for example calcium carbonates or alumina hydrates improve sandability and flexibility of the coated layer respectively. Silica flour improves hardness of the sanded surface of the coating layer and the acoustic/thermal insulation properties of the layer can be improved by including rubber particles, vermiculite, perlite, shredded or expanded polystyrene or gypsum.
- The fillers preferably comprise about 5 to 30 wt % of the formulation based on total dry ingredients, more preferably about 10 to 25 wt % and most preferably about 25 to 20 wt %.
- The functional layers may also contain other organic additives. Cement plasticising agents, for example, may be used to alter the rheology of the slurry. Suitable cement plasticising agents include melamine sulphonate formaldehyde condensates, naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates, naphthalene sulphonates, calcium lignosulphonates, sodium lignosulphonates, saccharose, sodium gluconate, sulphonic acids, carbohydrates, amino carboxylic acids, polyhydroxycarboxilic acids, sulphonated melomine and the like.
- The amount of cement plasticiser of course will depend upon the fluidising ability of the particular plasticisers. Generally the quantity of plasticiser will be in the range of about 0.3 to 3 wt % and more preferably about 0.5 to 2 wt % based on the total of dry ingredients in the formulation.
- Particularly preferred cement plasticisers are Melment F-10, a melamine formaldehyde sodium bisulphate polymer dispersant marketed by SKW-Trostburg in the form of a fine white powder. Another suitable plasticiser is Neosyn, a condensed sodium salt of sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde available from Hodgson Chemicals.
- Another preferred component in the coating is a biopolymer which acts to enhance the flowability, segregation resistance and self levelling qualities of the cementitious slurry. Particularly suitable bioplymers are xanathan gum and/or whelan gum, eg KELCO-CRETE, K1C 376 manufactured by Monsanto.
- Latex may also be included in the formulation to improve adherence, elasticity, stability and impermeability of the functional layers. The latex also improves flexibility of the formed composite.
- The latex may be selected from the group consisting of acrylic latex, styrene latex, butadiene latex or mixtures thereof and is provided preferably in an amount between about 0.5 to 20%, more preferably about 1 to 15% and most preferably about 10% by weight of cement (on polymer solids basis) solids.
- Vinyl polymers may also be incorporated into the formulation either in addition or as a substitute to the latex emulsions. Such vinyl polymers or equivalent polymeric materials enhance adhesion, resilience and flexural strength and abrasion resistance of the functional layer.
- Preferred vinyl polymers include polyvinyl acetate or a copolymer vinyl acetate with another monomer such as ethylene. A particularly preferred vinyl acetate resin is VINNAPAS LL5044 thermo plastic resin powder which contains a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer available from Wacker. Such powdered vinyl polymer is preferably provided in quantities similar to the latex emulsion referred to above.
- In addition to the above, conventional other additives such as mineral oxides, hydroxides and clays, metal oxides and hydroxides, fire retardants such as magnesite, thickeners, silica fume or amorphous silica, water sealing agents, water reducing agents, setting modifiers, hardeners, dispersants, foaming agents or flocculating agents, water-proofing agents and density modifiers are suitable for use with the present invention.
- In this regard, one particular advantage arising from the preferred embodiments is the ability to treat the product to be coated by providing additives in the functional layer. To explain, since the slurry is dewatered through the product to be coated, it is possible to provide additives to the base layer by incorporation in the slurry. For instance, a waterproofing agent such as silane may be included in the formulation in excess of the functional layer requirements. During dewatering, the silane will be drawn into and through the base layer being coated thereby treating the base layer. This simultaneous treatment of the base layer as well as providing a functional attribute via the deposited layer is a valuable additional benefit arising from the aforedescribed method.
- The present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the following embodiments.
- In each of the following examples, the product was produced as follows.
- Step 1 Slurry Preparation
- A slurry of the formulation is prepared by mixing the hydraulic binder, fly ash and other optional components with water. The solids content in the slurry is preferably between about 50 and 90%, more preferably about 55 to 80% and most preferably about 60 to 70%.
- Step 2 Slurry Application/Dewatering
- The slurry is applied to the base layer by any convenient means such as brushes rollers, knives or sprays etc. The slurry is designed to self level and form a uniform coating on the product. The building product to be coated exhibits s certain degree of porosity causing the slurry to dewater and form a uniform deposited cementitious layer. Time for dewatering can vary quite dramatically but normally occurs between about 10 and 90 seconds, depending on the porosity of the material to be coated, its water content and thickness and viscosity of the slurry formulation. A vacuum may be used to reduce the slurry dewatering time if required. This is particularly useful when tailoring the coating process to the speed of a building product forming process, eg between about 40 to 45 seconds on a Hatschek production line.
- Step 3 Curing
- After forming, the green laminate article comprising the building product plus coating is preferably precured for a short time, eg up to about 48 hours, then cured by air/moist curing at room temperature, steam curing between about 40 and 90° C. or autoclaving in a steam pressure vessel between about 120 and 200° C.
- For either of these three curing techniques, a curing time range between about 6 and 72 hours, preferably up to about 48 hours, is suitable. Of course, as will be clear to persons skilled in the art, the length of time chosen for curing is dependent on the formulation, the manufacturing process and form of the article.
- The following examples relate to specific formulation compositions.
- Function: sandable, durable finishing layer for facade applications.
- The low viscosity slurry (drainage time in 50 ml volume funnel=3.4 seconds) was applied on the base layer (Hardiform™ 12 mm thick cellulose fibre reinforced cement-based green sheet manufactured by James Hardie Industries). The slurry dewatered in 90 seconds (un-aided by vacuum) forming a 1.25 mm thick coating. The coated sheet was autoclave-cured for 8 hrs at 180° C. temperature and 0.80 MPa pressure. It was then sanded flat to 0.60 mm thick using industrial sanders equipped with 100 grit sand paper belts.
% by total Slurry weight of Composition solids (S) Weight in gm Dewatered Cementitious Composition Portland Cement 30 12000 Silica Flour (400 G 10 4000 grade) Fly ash (larger size 40 16000 fraction) Fly ash (smaller size 20 8000 fraction) Total 100 40000 Water (W) 14000 Water/Solids (W/S 0.35 ratio) Solids Content 0.74 (W/W + S) Organic Additives Welan Gum 0.0075 3.0 (Kelcocrete) naphthalene 0.25 100.0 formaldehyde Plasticising Agent (Neosyn) Acrylic Emulsion 1.0 400.0 Rhoplex MC1934 - Function: In skid-resistant flooring, hard wearing static dissipative flooring and acoustic insulating ceiling panels.
- The low viscosity slurry (drainage time in 50 ml volume funnel=4.2 seconds) was applied on the base layer (Hardiform™ 12 mm thick cellulose fibre reinforced cement-based green sheet manufactured by James Hardie Industries). The slurry dewatered in 60 seconds (un-aided by vacuum) forming a 1.25 mm thick coating. The coated sheet was autoclave-cured for 8 hrs at 180° C. temperature and 0.80 MPa pressure. It was then sanded flat to 0.60 mm thick using industrial sanders equipped with 100 grit sand paper belts.
% by total Slurry weight of Composition solids (S) Weight in gm Dewatered Cementitious Composition Portland Cement 30 12000 Recycled Rubber crumbs 10 4000 (minus 30 mesh) Fly ash (larger size 40 16000 fraction) Fly ash (smaller size 20 8000 fraction) Total 100 40000 Water 13000 Water/Solids (W/S 0.325 ratio) Solids Content 0.755 (W/W + S) Organic Additives Welan Gum (Kelcocrete) 0.0075 3.0 naphthalene 0.25 100.0 formaldehyde Plasticising Agent (Neosyn) Acrylic Emulsion 1.0 400.0 Rhoplex MC1934 - Function: Flexible & sandable layer on thin fibre cement reinforced cement-based lining.
- The low viscosity slurry (drainage time in 50 ml volume funnel=2.8 seconds) was applied on the base layer (Hardiflex™ 4.5 mm thick cellulose fibre reinforced cement-based green sheet manufactured by James Hardie Industries). The slurry dewatered in 120 seconds (un-aided by vacuum) forming a 1.25 mm thick coating. The coated sheet was precured for 48 hours then was autoclave-cured for 8 hrs at 180° C. temperature and 0.80 MPa pressure. It was then sanded flat to 0.60 mm thick using industrial sanders equipped with 100 grit sand paper belts.
% by total Slurry weight of Composition solids (S) Weight in gm Dewatered Cementitious Composition Portland Cement 20 8000 Calcium Carbonate 10 4000 Grade 10 (40 um avg. size) Alumina Tri-hydrate 5 2000 (80 um avg. size) Fly ash (larger size 45 18000 fraction) Fly ash (smaller size 20 8000 fraction) Total 100 40000 Water 12000 Water/Solids (W/S 0.30 ratio) Solids Content 0.77 (W/W + S) Organic Additive Welan Gum (Kelcocrete) 0.0075 3.0 naphthalene 0.25 100.0 formaldehyde Plasticising Agent (Neosyn) Styrene Acrylic Latex 5 2000 Emulsion (56% solids) - Function: Flexible & sandable layer on thin fibre cement reinforced cement-based lining.
- The low viscosity slurry (drainage time in 50 ml volume funnel=4.5 seconds) was applied on the base layer (Hardiflex™ 4.5 mm thick cellulose fibre reinforced cement-based green sheet manufactured by James Hardie Industries). The slurry dewatered in 90 seconds (un-aided by vacuum) forming a 1.25 mm thick coating. The coated sheet was autoclave-cured for 8 hrs at 180° C. temperature and 0.80 MPa pressure. It was then sanded flat to 0.60 mm thick using industrial sanders equipped with 100 grit sand paper belts.
% by total Slurry weight of Composition solids (S) Weight in gm Dewatered Cementitious Composition Portland Cement 10 4000 Calcium Carbonate 20 8000 Grade 10 (40 um avg. size) Alumina Tri-hydrate 5 2000 (80 um avg. size) Fly ash (larger size 40 18000 fraction) Fly ash (smaller size 25 10000 fraction) Total 100 40000 Water 16000 Water/Solids (W/S 0.40 ratio) Solids Content 0.715 (W/W + S) Organic Additives Welan Gum (Kelcocrete) 0.0075 3.0 naphthalene 0.25 100.0 formaldehyde Plasticising Agent (Neosyn) Vinyl acetate-ethylene 1.625 650 powdered copolymer (Vinnapas LL5004) - The aforementioned examples provide a composite comparable in workability to monolithic or single layer composites. They can be flexed, cut, drilled or fixed by nails or the like to a frame without surface cracking or chipping.
- The surface is ‘finish-ready’ and remains smooth, flat, crack-free and with low permeability even when used in a curved configuration.
- Each example provided excellent interlaminer bond between the base sheet and coating exhibiting good composite action, compatibility and resistance to delamination.
- The applicants have developed a unique process which allows them to combine fibre reinforced layers with functional dewatered slurry layers optional reinforced with a wide range of synthetic or natural fibres, eg polypropylene, glass, PVA, cellulose fibres etc. The outcome of the aforementioned method is to produce a fibre reinforced composite with strength, water resistance, incombustibility of fibre cement with a low density, surface finish and insulation properties of, for example, gypsum board.
- The applicants have found that using the techniques described herein, functional layers can be added to the substrate layer with no delamination or incompatibility between the layers, ie no differential shrinking, warping or similar properties.
- It will be understood by persons skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other forms without departing form the spirit or scope of the inventive idea as described herein. In particular, it will be appreciated that the formulations, coatings, additives, methods and composite products of the present invention are suitable or may be adapted for use in conjunction with the methods and apparatus as described in the various priority documents.
Claims (48)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/634,285 US20070077436A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2006-12-04 | Composite product |
US12/691,505 US8153245B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2010-01-21 | Composite product |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPR3476A AUPR347601A0 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | Additive for dewaterable slurry |
AUPR3478A AUPR347801A0 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | Coatings for building products |
AUPR3474A AUPR347401A0 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | A composite product |
AUPR3475A AUPR347501A0 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | Spattering apparatus |
AUPR3477A AUPR347701A0 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2001-03-02 | A method and apparatus for forming a laminated sheet material by spattering |
US10/090,406 US6893751B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Composite product |
US11/128,778 US20050208287A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2005-05-13 | Composite product |
US11/634,285 US20070077436A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2006-12-04 | Composite product |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/128,778 Continuation US20050208287A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2005-05-13 | Composite product |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/691,505 Continuation US8153245B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2010-01-21 | Composite product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20070077436A1 true US20070077436A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
Family
ID=27507501
Family Applications (14)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/090,406 Expired - Lifetime US6893751B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Composite product |
US10/090,385 Abandoned US20020179219A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Composite product and method of manufacture |
US10/090,299 Expired - Lifetime US7396402B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and dewatering aid for use with same |
US10/090,362 Abandoned US20020170466A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Additive for dewaterable slurry and method of manufacturing and improving slurry containing same |
US10/090,388 Expired - Fee Related US6824715B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Method and apparatus for forming a laminated sheet material by spattering |
US10/090,561 Expired - Fee Related US7704316B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and methods of making same |
US10/090,376 Expired - Fee Related US6692570B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Spattering apparatus |
US10/090,387 Expired - Lifetime US6749897B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and methods of using same |
US10/090,338 Abandoned US20020189500A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Additive for dewaterable slurry |
US10/090,560 Abandoned US20020189499A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coating for building products and composite products incorporating same |
US10/090,375 Abandoned US20030000424A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and formulations for use with same |
US11/128,778 Abandoned US20050208287A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2005-05-13 | Composite product |
US11/634,285 Abandoned US20070077436A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2006-12-04 | Composite product |
US12/691,505 Expired - Lifetime US8153245B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2010-01-21 | Composite product |
Family Applications Before (12)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/090,406 Expired - Lifetime US6893751B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Composite product |
US10/090,385 Abandoned US20020179219A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Composite product and method of manufacture |
US10/090,299 Expired - Lifetime US7396402B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and dewatering aid for use with same |
US10/090,362 Abandoned US20020170466A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Additive for dewaterable slurry and method of manufacturing and improving slurry containing same |
US10/090,388 Expired - Fee Related US6824715B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Method and apparatus for forming a laminated sheet material by spattering |
US10/090,561 Expired - Fee Related US7704316B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and methods of making same |
US10/090,376 Expired - Fee Related US6692570B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Spattering apparatus |
US10/090,387 Expired - Lifetime US6749897B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and methods of using same |
US10/090,338 Abandoned US20020189500A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Additive for dewaterable slurry |
US10/090,560 Abandoned US20020189499A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coating for building products and composite products incorporating same |
US10/090,375 Abandoned US20030000424A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2002-03-04 | Coatings for building products and formulations for use with same |
US11/128,778 Abandoned US20050208287A1 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2005-05-13 | Composite product |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/691,505 Expired - Lifetime US8153245B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2010-01-21 | Composite product |
Country Status (21)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (14) | US6893751B2 (en) |
EP (5) | EP1370369B1 (en) |
JP (5) | JP2004520975A (en) |
KR (5) | KR100888732B1 (en) |
CN (5) | CN1243615C (en) |
AR (5) | AR032924A1 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE372174T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU2002234429B2 (en) |
BR (5) | BR0207808A (en) |
CA (5) | CA2439451A1 (en) |
CR (3) | CR7093A (en) |
CZ (5) | CZ20032629A3 (en) |
DE (2) | DE60222245T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1370369T3 (en) |
HU (5) | HUP0303345A3 (en) |
MX (5) | MXPA03007890A (en) |
MY (3) | MY138957A (en) |
NZ (5) | NZ528307A (en) |
PL (5) | PL201390B1 (en) |
TW (5) | TW529987B (en) |
WO (4) | WO2002070145A1 (en) |
Cited By (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020112827A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-08-22 | Merkley Donald J. | Method and apparatus for reducing impurities in cellulose fibers for manufacture of fiber reinforced cement composite materials |
US20020170468A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-11-21 | Caidian Luo | Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility |
US20020170467A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-21 | Basil Naji | Coatings for building products and methods of making same |
US20040145078A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-07-29 | Merkley Donald J. | Fiber cement composite materials using sized cellulose fibers |
US20050016423A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2005-01-27 | Merkley Donald J. | Fiber cement composite material using biocide treated durable cellulose fibers |
US20050045067A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2005-03-03 | Basil Naji | Additive for dewaterable slurry and slurry incorporating same |
US20060080248A1 (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling electronic withdrawals by a withdrawal device |
US7658794B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2010-02-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US20100055431A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Plastic Coated Composite Building Boards and Method of Making Same |
US7942964B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2011-05-17 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using bleached cellulose fibers |
US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
US8209927B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-07-03 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Structural fiber cement building materials |
US8349444B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-01-08 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix |
US8440296B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-05-14 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Shear panel building material |
US8445101B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-05-21 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Sound attenuation building material and system |
US8591677B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2013-11-26 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix formed with a setting agent |
WO2014005091A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | Daniels Evan R | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
US8993462B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Surface sealed reinforced building element |
US9186869B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2015-11-17 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Composite floor underlayment with thermoplastic coatings |
US9346244B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2016-05-24 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Composite building boards with thermoplastic coatings and cementitious precoated fibrous mats |
US10315386B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2019-06-11 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
US20190185698A1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-06-20 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Heat Insulating Coating Composition, Method for Applying Such Coating Composition and Kit of Parts Comprising Such Coating Composition |
US10414692B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2019-09-17 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Extruded lightweight thermal insulating cement-based materials |
US10435941B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2019-10-08 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Fire rated door core |
US10442733B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2019-10-15 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Lightweight thermal insulating cement based materials |
US10538459B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2020-01-21 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Extruded cement based materials |
US11072562B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2021-07-27 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Cement-based tile |
US11865820B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2024-01-09 | Saint-Gobain Adfors Canada, Ltd. | Reinforcing layer, a cementitious board, and method of forming the cementitious board |
Families Citing this family (94)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19944307C2 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2003-04-10 | Sp Beton Gmbh & Co Kg | Multilayer composite material made of cement-bound concrete and polymer-bound concrete, process for its production and use of the multilayer composite material |
AUPQ468299A0 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2000-01-20 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Method and apparatus for extruding cementitious articles |
MXPA03009030A (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2004-02-12 | James Hardie Res Pty Ltd | Reinforced fiber cement article, methods of making and installing. |
US6644405B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2003-11-11 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Storable water-microsphere suspensions for use in well cements and methods |
US8281535B2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2012-10-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Packaging prefinished fiber cement articles |
WO2004007193A2 (en) | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-22 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | Packaging prefinished fiber cement products |
US20040043682A1 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-04 | Taylor Steven L. | Composite board |
US7155866B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2007-01-02 | Certainteed Corporation | Cementitious exterior sheathing product having improved interlaminar bond strength |
WO2004080204A2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-23 | Mars, Incorporated | Multicolor image optimization on edible colored products |
US20060275528A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2006-12-07 | Thomas Collins | Perimeter enhancement on edible products |
US6994905B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2006-02-07 | Sunlife, Inc. | Sealant coating for stucco and method of production thereof |
WO2005012203A2 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-10 | Aalborg Universitet | Method for preparing materials containing binder systems derived from amorphous silica and bases |
FR2860511B1 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-12-02 | Saint Gobain Mat Constr Sas | PLASTIC CEMENT PRODUCT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE |
US7762040B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2010-07-27 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Insulated fiber cement siding |
US8857123B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2014-10-14 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Foam insulation board |
US8844233B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2014-09-30 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Foam insulation board with edge sealer |
US8910443B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2014-12-16 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Foam backer for insulation |
US8910444B2 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2014-12-16 | Progressive Foam Technologies, Inc. | Foam insulation backer board |
US20060068188A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | Morse Rick J | Foam backed fiber cement |
NZ561265A (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2011-11-25 | Hardie James Technology Ltd | Nailable flooring sheet which includes low density additives in cement |
JP4525421B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2010-08-18 | Tdk株式会社 | Ceramic green sheet laminating apparatus and laminating method |
US7510630B2 (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2009-03-31 | Albany International Corp. | Extended couch nip on cylinder former |
US7736720B2 (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2010-06-15 | United States Gypsum Company | Composite light weight gypsum wallboard |
US7803226B2 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2010-09-28 | United States Gypsum Company | Siloxane polymerization in wallboard |
WO2007016659A1 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-08 | Brennan Rory E | Compositions and methods for adhesion |
US7413603B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2008-08-19 | United States Gypsum Company | Fiberboard with improved water resistance |
US20070062143A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Noushad Rafie L | Construction products and method of making same |
JP4392765B2 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2010-01-06 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Cement additive and cement composition |
DE102005053336B4 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-07-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Bitumen-free building material composition and its use |
EP1948574B1 (en) | 2005-11-15 | 2010-01-06 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Crush resistant latex topcoat composition for fiber cement substrates |
CN101374787B (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2013-12-11 | 威士伯采购公司 | Method for coating a cement fiberboard article |
EP1979426A1 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2008-10-15 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
CA2636435C (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2013-10-22 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
US9783622B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2017-10-10 | Axalta Coating Systems Ip Co., Llc | Coating system for cement composite articles |
PL207450B1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2010-12-31 | Politechnika Wroclawska | Two-gear synchronous motor with durable magnets |
US8133588B2 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2012-03-13 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
US7812090B2 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2010-10-12 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | High performance aqueous coating compositions |
CA2655125C (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2014-10-14 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | High performance aqueous coating compositions |
US7341105B2 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2008-03-11 | Holcim (Us) Inc. | Cementitious compositions for oil well cementing applications |
ES2716987T3 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2019-06-18 | Swimc Llc | Coating systems for cement composite articles |
US20080057318A1 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-06 | Adzima Leonard J | Low density drywall |
US20080160294A1 (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-03 | United States Gypsum Company | Multiple layer gypsum cellulose fiber composite board and the method for the manufacture thereof |
ITMC20070008A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2008-07-18 | Diasen Srl | WATERPROOFING REDUCING PROPAGATION OF FIRE. |
US8070895B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2011-12-06 | United States Gypsum Company | Water resistant cementitious article and method for preparing same |
MX2008002220A (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2009-02-25 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | Treatment for cement composite articles. |
US20080196623A1 (en) * | 2007-02-19 | 2008-08-21 | Mark Berens | Multiple Component Multiple Layer Coating Composition and Method of Application |
US20080202415A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-28 | David Paul Miller | Methods and systems for addition of cellulose ether to gypsum slurry |
US7976963B2 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2011-07-12 | Boral Stone Products, LLC | Concrete product with enhanced ornamental surface layer |
US8057915B2 (en) * | 2007-05-31 | 2011-11-15 | United States Gypsum Company | Acoustical gypsum board panel and method of making it |
US7803296B2 (en) * | 2007-06-11 | 2010-09-28 | United States Gypsum Company | Methods and systems for preparing gypsum slurry containing a cellulose ether |
BRPI0721910A2 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2014-02-25 | Valspar Sourcing Inc | COATED ARTICLE, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING COATED ARTICLE. |
US7514002B1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-04-07 | Hokuriku Electric Power Company | Method for removing phosphorus and method for reutilizing recovered phosphorus |
CZ18784U1 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2008-08-11 | Penpor S. R. O. | Mixture - cement setting agent based on cement clinker |
CL2009000373A1 (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-10-30 | United States Gypsum Co | Method to make an explosive resistant panel, with the steps of preparing an aqueous cementitious mixture of cement, inorganic fillers and pozzolanic, polycarboxylate self-leveling agent, and forming the mixture into a panel with fiber reinforcement, then curing, polishing, cutting and cure the panel. |
KR100971330B1 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2010-07-20 | 주식회사 한진중공업 | Electro gas welding system having open typed copper shoe |
WO2010019825A2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-18 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Self-etching cementitious substrate coating composition |
CA2639832C (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2016-05-24 | Kathy Trout | Extruded cross-banded magnesium oxide construction board and method of making same |
US9266778B2 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2016-02-23 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Multi-layer acoustical plaster system |
US9133064B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2015-09-15 | Valspar Sourcing, Inc. | Coating system for cement composite articles |
US8770139B2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2014-07-08 | United States Gypsum Company | Apparatus for feeding cementitious slurry onto a moving web |
US8329308B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2012-12-11 | United States Gypsum Company | Cementitious article and method for preparing the same |
KR101788348B1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2017-10-19 | 가부시키가이샤 니콘 | Substrate cartridge, substrate storage device, and substrate processing system |
KR101044591B1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2011-06-29 | 주식회사 다인그룹엔지니어링건축사사무소 | Member for protecting welding flame |
JP5854254B2 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2016-02-09 | ニッカ株式会社 | Powder spreader |
US10336036B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-07-02 | United States Gypsum Company | Cementitious article comprising hydrophobic finish |
EP2792461A1 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-22 | Redco NV | A hatschek process for the production of fiber cement plates |
US9339837B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2016-05-17 | Theodore Tench | Misting and atomization systems and methods |
GB201314880D0 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-10-02 | C G I Internat Ltd | Fire resistant glazing unit |
CN103553380B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-01-28 | 山东宏艺科技股份有限公司 | Cement containing large volume of fly ash and preparation method thereof |
US10016777B2 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2018-07-10 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Methods and systems for creating aerosols |
US9527056B2 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2016-12-27 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Methods and systems for creating aerosols |
JP6068399B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社ビーエス | Paper machine |
EP3067176A1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-14 | Eternit AG | Process and apparatus for making a hydrophobized fiber cement product |
BE1022959B1 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2016-10-21 | Eternit Nv | Hatschek process |
EA038107B1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2021-07-07 | Роквул Интернэшнл А/С | Acoustic panel |
ES2927610T3 (en) | 2016-03-23 | 2022-11-08 | Li & Co AG | Wall or floor covering element |
CN106007613B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-01-30 | 东南大学 | A kind of self heat insulation wall gypsum based composite and preparation method thereof |
CN106079635A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-11-09 | 四川威尔达节能科技有限公司 | A kind of flexible inorganic fireproof decoration plate and thermal insulating composite panel and preparation method thereof |
WO2019012426A1 (en) | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Noise control article |
US10316201B2 (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-06-11 | Usg Interiors, Llc | Acoustically transparent sandable coating |
CN107630522A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-01-26 | 山东省建设发展研究院 | High-performance steam-pressing aero-concrete composite thermal self-insulation building block and preparation method thereof |
EA201992222A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 | 2020-02-10 | Юнилин, Бвба | PLATE AND METHOD FOR MAKING A PLATE |
CN108481529B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2024-02-06 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Device for producing corrugated texture decoration and corrugated brick thereof |
CN108505402A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-09-07 | 胡建农 | Production technology, process units, the production technology of calcium silicate board with microporous and the calcium silicate board with microporous of calcium silicate board with microporous slab |
CN108395188A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-14 | 胡建农 | Preparation method, preparation facilities, the preparation method of calcium silicate board with microporous and the calcium silicate board with microporous of calcium silicate board with microporous slab |
US10953425B2 (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2021-03-23 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Methods and systems for collecting droplets of strain hardening viscoelastic fluids in a spray |
CN112771009A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-05-07 | 皮层复合材料公司 | Apparatus for preparing composite material |
CN109277265B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2022-05-20 | 广州倬粤动力新能源有限公司 | Thickness adjusting method of bipolar plate pasting equipment |
US10759697B1 (en) | 2019-06-11 | 2020-09-01 | MSB Global, Inc. | Curable formulations for structural and non-structural applications |
JP6675030B1 (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-04-01 | 株式会社フッコー | Blast furnace slag paint |
US11660631B2 (en) * | 2021-05-05 | 2023-05-30 | Oav Equipment And Tools, Inc. | Glue applying mechanism of edge banding machine with glue quantity regulator |
US11541415B2 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-01-03 | Oav Equipment And Tools, Inc. | Glue applying mechanism of edge banding machine for applying glue to workpiece having oblique surface and edge banding machine using the glue applying mechanism |
WO2023161866A1 (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-31 | Everest Industries Limited | Cool roof and a process for its preparation |
WO2023163666A1 (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-31 | Shera Public Company Limited | A process for forming a fiber-cement composite sheet having smooth-surface and the fiber-cement composite sheet obtained from said process |
Citations (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2987408A (en) * | 1958-03-27 | 1961-06-06 | Corson G & W H | Pozzolanic material |
US3501324A (en) * | 1966-07-15 | 1970-03-17 | Osaka Packing | Manufacturing aqueous slurry of hydrous calcium silicate and products thereof |
US3679446A (en) * | 1968-06-04 | 1972-07-25 | Osaka Packing | Molding materials of calcium silicate hydrate and shaped products thereof |
US3782985A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1974-01-01 | Cadcom Inc | Lightweight,high strength concrete and method for manufacturing the same |
US3865779A (en) * | 1970-02-13 | 1975-02-11 | Hiromichi Murata | Process for preparing reinforcing additives to be applied to inorganic cements |
US3873025A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-03-25 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Method and apparatus for atomizing a liquid medium and for spraying the atomized liquid medium in a predetermined direction |
US3932275A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1976-01-13 | Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. | Process for the treatment of mineral slimes |
US4009135A (en) * | 1973-10-04 | 1977-02-22 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive for mortar and concrete |
US4066723A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-01-03 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Method and apparatus for making fibrous concrete |
US4070199A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-01-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Cementitious compositions |
US4088804A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1978-05-09 | Cornwell Charles E | Cementitious coatings and method |
US4101335A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-07-18 | Cape Boards & Panels Ltd. | Building board |
US4102697A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-07-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Fluid plaster composition |
US4134773A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1979-01-16 | Centralna Laboratoria Po Physiko-Chimicheska Mechanika Pri Ban | Method of accelerated hardening and strength-increasing of different cements |
US4144121A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-03-13 | Nippon Asbestos Co., Ltd. | Method for producing asbestos-free calcium silicate board and the board produced thereby |
US4184906A (en) * | 1977-05-03 | 1980-01-22 | James Hardie & Coy Pty. Limited | Method of making asbestos-cement laminates |
US4188231A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1980-02-12 | Valore Rudolph C | Methods of preparing iron oxide mortars or cements with admixtures and the resulting products |
US4204644A (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1980-05-27 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Spraying apparatus for preparing glass fiber reinforced cementitious product |
US4250134A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-02-10 | L. John Minnick | Method for the production of cementitious compositions and aggregate derivatives from said compositions |
US4256504A (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-03-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Fly ash-based cement |
US4256584A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-03-17 | Mold-Masters Limited | Injection molding filter assembly |
US4261286A (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1981-04-14 | Maschinenfabrik Max Kroenert | Apparatus for coating of moving sheets with a contact adhesive |
US4265674A (en) * | 1978-08-12 | 1981-05-05 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive for concrete or mortar and the use thereof |
US4268316A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-05-19 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Masonry cement composition |
US4328145A (en) * | 1979-10-26 | 1982-05-04 | American Admixtures And Chemicals Corporation | Additive for air-entrained super plasticized concrete, concrete produced thereby and method of producing air-entrained super plasticized concrete |
US4339289A (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-07-13 | Battelle Development Corporation | Concrete overlay construction |
US4344804A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1982-08-17 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of fiber-reinforced hydraulically bound articles such as cementitious articles |
US4374672A (en) * | 1980-04-04 | 1983-02-22 | The Detroit Edison Company | Method of and composition for producing a stabilized fill material |
US4379729A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1983-04-12 | Tarmac Industrial Holdings Limited | Method and apparatus for the production of composite sheet material and a sheet material produced thereby |
US4383960A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1983-05-17 | Adrien Delcoigne | Process and mechanism for the elimination of excess water from a mixture of plaster and water, and the product obtained |
US4388257A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1983-06-14 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing calcium silicate shaped product |
US4394175A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-07-19 | Cheriton Leslie W | Self-levelling cementitious mixes |
US4441944A (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1984-04-10 | Pmp Corporation | Building board composition and method of making same |
US4450022A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1984-05-22 | United States Gypsum Company | Method and apparatus for making reinforced cement board |
US4495301A (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1985-01-22 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Insulating refractories |
US4504335A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-03-12 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for making reinforced cement board |
US4507154A (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1985-03-26 | Sika Ag, Vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Chloride-free setting accelerator for hydraulic binding agents |
US4574012A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-03-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Calcium silicate shaped product |
US4721160A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1988-01-26 | Dowell Schlumberger Incorporated | Composition for a lightweight cement slurry for cementing oil and gas wells |
US4746364A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1988-05-24 | Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. | Flowing concrete and process of producing the same |
US4759802A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1988-07-26 | Kao Corporation | Cement dispersion agent |
US4767491A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1988-08-30 | Moplefan S.P.A. | Device for the continuous production of manufactured articles reinforced with mixtures of hydraulic binders |
US4816091A (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-03-28 | Miller Robert G | Method and apparatus for producing reinforced cementious panel webs |
US4818595A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1989-04-04 | Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. | Fire barrier coating and fire barrier plywood |
US4840688A (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-06-20 | Pfleiderer Industrie Gmbh & Co., Kg | Method for the production of fibrous plaster boards |
US4846889A (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-07-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polymeric blend useful in thin-bed mortar compositions comprising a water-soluble cellulose ether and a water-insoluble, but water-dispersible polymer |
US4904503A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-02-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Rapid setting cementitious fireproofing compositions and method of spray applying same |
US4915740A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1990-04-10 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydraulic material composition having high strength |
US4933031A (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1990-06-12 | Elkem A/S And Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S. | Hydraulic cement slurry |
US4933013A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1990-06-12 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydraulic material composition having high strength |
US4935060A (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1990-06-19 | Elkem A/S | Hydraulic cement slurry |
US4946505A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1990-08-07 | Chemische Werke Brockhues Ag | Process for dyeing concrete |
US4981740A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-01-01 | Kkkk A/S | Acid resistant concrete articles, especially sulfur concrete pipes, and a method of manufacturing said articles |
US4994113A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-02-19 | Core-Guard Industries, Inc. | Mixture for the preparation of building materials |
US5030287A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1991-07-09 | Fibronit S.R.L. | Cement mix and method for producing reinforced building sheets from a cement mix |
US5032548A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-07-16 | Marathon Oil Company | Construction material containing catalytic cracking catalyst particles |
US5106557A (en) * | 1988-06-11 | 1992-04-21 | Redland Roof Tiles Limited | Process for the production of concrete building products |
US5108510A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1992-04-28 | Sika Ag, Vorm. Kaspar Winkler | Highly reactive hydraulic binder for the preparation of building, construction and raw materials |
US5192366A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1993-03-09 | Denki Kagaku Koygo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cement admixture and cement composition |
US5236773A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-08-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fire-resistant barriers for composite materials |
US5294255A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-15 | Specrete-Ip Incorporated | Pumpable backfill grout |
US5314119A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1994-05-24 | Latanick Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for applying thin coatings of fluid droplets |
US5383521A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1995-01-24 | Halliburton Company | Fly ash cementing compositions and methods |
US5385764A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1995-01-31 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages and methods for their manufacture |
US5387626A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1995-02-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive combination for improving the processing properties of water-containing mixtures of building materials |
US5387283A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1995-02-07 | Kirkpatrick; William D. | Process for producing a hydraulic cement binder for both general and special applications |
US5403394A (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1995-04-04 | Burgand; Yves | Self-leveling floor coating material |
US5432212A (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1995-07-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Dispersant composition for cement having excellent property in inhibition of slump-loss |
US5484480A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1996-01-16 | Jtm Industries, Inc. | Use of alumina clay with cement fly ash mixtures |
US5490889A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1996-02-13 | Kirkpatrick; William D. | Blended hydraulic cement for both general and special applications |
US5508072A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1996-04-16 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5536310A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1996-07-16 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions containing fly ash |
US5728458A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1998-03-17 | Diversitech Corporation | Light-weight high-strength composite pad |
US5863477A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1999-01-26 | Nichiha Corporation | Method of manufacturing a wood-cement board |
US5888322A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-03-30 | Nalco Chemical Company | Polymeric oxyalkylate viscosity modifiers for use in gypsum wallboard production |
US5891374A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1999-04-06 | Northwestern University | Method of making extruded fiber reinforced cement matrix composites |
US5900053A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-05-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods |
US6030447A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2000-02-29 | James Hardie Research Pty. Limited | Cement formulation |
US6204214B1 (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 2001-03-20 | University Of Chicago | Pumpable/injectable phosphate-bonded ceramics |
US6346146B1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 2002-02-12 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Building products |
US6372694B1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-04-16 | Crosfield Ltd. | Suspensions with high storage stability, comprising an aqueous silicate solution and a filler material |
US6375853B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-04-23 | Roe-Hoan Yoon | Methods of using modified natural products as dewatering aids for fine particles |
US6387175B1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-05-14 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Roadway base intermediate, roadway base, and methods of manufacture |
US6533848B1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2003-03-18 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Technology and methodology for the production of high quality polymer filler and super-pozzolan from fly ash |
US6572697B2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2003-06-03 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US6572698B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-06-03 | International Mineral Technology Ag | Activated aluminosilicate binder |
US6676744B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-01-13 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using cellulose fibers loaded with inorganic and/or organic substances |
US6676745B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-01-13 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using sized cellulose fibers |
US6682595B1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-01-27 | Ronald Lee Barbour | Settable composition containing potassium sulfate |
US6692564B2 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2004-02-17 | Mbt (Schweiz) Ag | Preparation of concrete accelerator |
US6692570B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-02-17 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Spattering apparatus |
US20050005821A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2005-01-13 | Ciments Francais | Cement composition, its use for the production of a self-leveling liquid casting, and a casting thus obtained |
US7028436B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2006-04-18 | Certainteed Corporation | Cementitious exterior sheathing product with rigid support member |
Family Cites Families (176)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US548480A (en) * | 1895-10-22 | Steam-pump | ||
US803484A (en) * | 1904-10-07 | 1905-10-31 | Dory Hickox | Apparatus for sinking wells. |
US2118762A (en) * | 1936-07-03 | 1938-05-24 | Lehon Co | Machine for making tapered cement asbestos shingles |
US2156901A (en) * | 1936-12-09 | 1939-05-02 | Bakelite Building Prod Co Inc | Method and apparatus for feeding and distributing sludgy materials |
US3360392A (en) * | 1964-07-09 | 1967-12-26 | Celotex Corp | Apparatus and method for applying spatter finish |
GB1265471A (en) | 1967-11-23 | 1972-03-01 | ||
DE1784657B2 (en) | 1968-09-02 | 1977-12-01 | Ferma International Entwicklungswerk Fuer Rationelle Fertigbaumethoden Und Maschinenanlagen Gmbh & Co Kg, 7516 Karlsbad | Process for the continuous production of moldings, in particular panels, from plaster of paris and fibers |
US3592724A (en) * | 1969-04-21 | 1971-07-13 | Dow Chemical Co | Cementitious laminate of sulfonated polymers |
US3949144A (en) * | 1969-08-21 | 1976-04-06 | Duff Raymond A | Reinforced concrete construction |
US3782958A (en) * | 1972-02-07 | 1974-01-01 | Us Air Force | Glass showing electrical switching phenomena |
SU411054A1 (en) | 1972-03-02 | 1974-01-15 | ||
US3843380A (en) * | 1972-12-26 | 1974-10-22 | Scm Corp | Process for spray drying pigment |
AT356571B (en) | 1973-05-08 | 1980-05-12 | Sika Ag | STORAGE STABLE, LOW VISCOSES, LIQUID ADDITIVES FOR MORTAR AND CONCRETE |
DD105415A1 (en) | 1973-07-03 | 1974-04-20 | ||
DE2344773A1 (en) | 1973-09-05 | 1975-03-27 | Osaka Packing | Low density shapes from beta-wollastonite - prepd. hydrothermally and formulated with fibres, clay and binder and fired at 1000 deg C |
JPS5829721B2 (en) * | 1975-05-29 | 1983-06-24 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacturing method of fiber reinforced cement sheet |
US4052220A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-10-04 | The Partners Limited | Method of making an improved concrete |
US4240840A (en) | 1975-10-28 | 1980-12-23 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Cementitious compositions |
GB1514239A (en) | 1976-12-07 | 1978-06-14 | Nat Res Dev | Fibre-reinforced composites |
US4131480A (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1978-12-26 | Fosroc Holdings (U.K.) Limited | Pumpable cementitious compositions |
US4131638A (en) | 1977-07-05 | 1978-12-26 | Johns-Manville Corporation | Process for the manufacture of calcium silicate hydrate objects |
HU180773B (en) | 1978-04-27 | 1983-04-29 | Geza Nemes | Method for surface treating concrete bodies made by thermal curing particularly prefabricated reinforced concrete members |
DE2832125C2 (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1983-03-03 | Mars Inc., 22102 McLean, Va. | Process for the production of fire-resistant, dimensionally accurate lightweight panels |
JPS5857386B2 (en) | 1979-04-02 | 1983-12-20 | 株式会社トクヤマ | mortar composition |
IT1121592B (en) * | 1979-06-21 | 1986-04-02 | Montedison Spa | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF REINFORCING CONCRETE SLABS |
US4335177A (en) | 1979-10-03 | 1982-06-15 | Kurimoto Iron Works, Ltd. | Glass fiber-reinforced cement plates |
JPS5669602A (en) * | 1979-11-12 | 1981-06-11 | Fuji Photo Optical Co Ltd | Light guide device |
CA1140846A (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1983-02-08 | Robert B. Bruce | Sag-resistant gypsum board and method |
US4298413A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1981-11-03 | Teare John W | Method and apparatus for producing concrete panels |
CS222361B1 (en) | 1980-06-13 | 1983-06-24 | Jan Vrbecky | Muxture for autoclaved lime-silicon concrete |
JPS5717452A (en) | 1980-07-03 | 1982-01-29 | Asahi Ishiwata Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of refractory heat-resistant material |
AU515151B1 (en) | 1980-07-21 | 1981-03-19 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fibre-reinforced cementitious articles |
US4441723A (en) * | 1980-12-02 | 1984-04-10 | General Connectors Corp. | Duct seal |
SE435271B (en) | 1981-06-26 | 1984-09-17 | Thermobase Snc | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING ANGHERDATED INORGANIC POROST INSULATION MATERIAL WITH EXTREMELY LOW VOLUME WEIGHT |
FR2512440A1 (en) | 1981-09-07 | 1983-03-11 | Colas Sa | Inexpensive mixt. for filling trenches or repairing roads - based on fly ash, which is mixed with small amts. of cement and activator, followed by adding water when mixt. is used |
CA1218910A (en) | 1981-09-17 | 1987-03-10 | Lawrence R. Roberts | Dispersing composition |
JPS5888055A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-05-26 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Painting apparatus |
JPS58131018A (en) * | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-04 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of board for building |
JPS58149939A (en) | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-06 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Fresin composition |
JPS58209513A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-06 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of fiber reinforced cement board |
GB2128178B (en) | 1982-10-01 | 1986-01-08 | Bryan James Walker | Lightweight aggregate |
JPS59107985A (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1984-06-22 | ニチアス株式会社 | Manufacture of floor board |
US4478736A (en) | 1983-01-14 | 1984-10-23 | Monier Resources, Inc. | Composition and process for the treatment of clay slimes |
AU572111B2 (en) | 1983-01-21 | 1988-05-05 | A.V. Syntec Pty. Ltd. | Modifiers for cementitious materials |
DE3324671A1 (en) | 1983-07-08 | 1985-01-17 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Use of an industrial sewage sludge |
JPS6041561A (en) * | 1983-08-10 | 1985-03-05 | Kikusui Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Coating apparatus |
SE438114B (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1985-04-01 | Rovac Ab | PROCEDURE TO MEDIUM A PRESSURE CHAMBER MAKE FOAM PLASTIC MATERIAL |
JPS6083808A (en) * | 1983-10-15 | 1985-05-13 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of asbestos cement group building board |
JPS60135211A (en) * | 1983-12-23 | 1985-07-18 | 松下電工株式会社 | Sprinkler for fiber mixed cement slurry |
JPS60166451A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1985-08-29 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of asbestos cement group building board |
JPS60191074A (en) | 1984-03-13 | 1985-09-28 | 松下電工株式会社 | Manufacture of inorganic cured body |
BR8506790A (en) | 1984-06-20 | 1986-11-25 | Sandoz Ag | IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS |
CS253499B1 (en) | 1985-09-28 | 1987-11-12 | Frantisek Skvara | Gypsum-free binding agent with stabilized qualities on base of cement clinker |
JPS62207751A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-12 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Cement composition |
DE3711549C2 (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1997-09-04 | Ube Industries | Light calcium silicate article and process for its manufacture |
US5580508A (en) | 1986-04-04 | 1996-12-03 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Process for preparing calcium silicate articles |
JPS62252357A (en) | 1986-04-23 | 1987-11-04 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Manufacture of water-repellant calcium silicate formed body |
JPS638248A (en) | 1986-06-25 | 1988-01-14 | 四国電力株式会社 | Quality improver for cement and concrete |
US4772328A (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-09-20 | Basf Corporation | Hydraulic cementitious compositions reinforced with fibers containing polyacrylonitrile |
JPS63248751A (en) | 1987-04-02 | 1988-10-17 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Hydraulic cement and manufacture |
WO1988009777A1 (en) | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-15 | Kabushiki Kaisha Osaka Packing Seizosho | Calcium silicate crystal board |
DE3743467A1 (en) | 1987-12-22 | 1989-07-13 | Heidelberger Zement Ag | Process for producing a building material and binder having increased water resistance |
SU1571024A1 (en) | 1988-01-04 | 1990-06-15 | Херсонский Сельскохозяйственный Институт Им.А.Д.Цюрупы | Complex additive for concrete mix |
FR2626873B1 (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1992-12-24 | Lafarge Fondu Int | METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR ACCELERATING CEMENT SETTING AND SUPPRESSING EFFLORESCENCE |
JPH01215504A (en) * | 1988-02-24 | 1989-08-29 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Manufacture of fiber cement sheet |
JPH07115902B2 (en) | 1988-05-06 | 1995-12-13 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | Cement composition for extrusion molding |
US5073197A (en) | 1988-08-12 | 1991-12-17 | National Research Development Corporation | Cement compositions |
JP2506208B2 (en) | 1988-12-28 | 1996-06-12 | 株式会社アスク | Asbestos inorganic cured product and method for producing the same |
SU1668346A1 (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1991-08-07 | Хабаровский политехнический институт | Method for decorative finishing surfaces of concrete articles |
GB2230772A (en) | 1989-04-24 | 1990-10-31 | Jaypack Limited | Cement/sand composition for covering surfaces |
KR910002730A (en) | 1989-07-19 | 1991-02-26 | 우메모토 요시마사 | Hydraulic Inorganic Compositions and Molded Articles |
US5174821A (en) | 1989-12-12 | 1992-12-29 | Taisei Corporation | Hydraulic composition, formed products therefrom and segregation reduction agent for hydraulic substances |
JPH03295843A (en) * | 1990-04-13 | 1991-12-26 | Taisei Corp | Cement composition |
JP2930215B2 (en) * | 1990-04-17 | 1999-08-03 | 株式会社四国総合研究所 | Cement composition for watertight concrete and method for producing the same |
WO1992000251A1 (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Highly durable cement products containing siliceous ashes |
HU209836B (en) | 1990-07-30 | 1994-11-28 | Kis | Method for producing building material having calcium-silicate links |
JPH0489340A (en) | 1990-07-31 | 1992-03-23 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Cement composition to be extrusion-molded |
JP3140039B2 (en) | 1990-11-07 | 2001-03-05 | 日本たばこ産業株式会社 | Flash drying method and apparatus for tobacco raw materials |
GB9102904D0 (en) | 1991-02-12 | 1991-03-27 | Ici America Inc | Modified cementitious composition |
KR970001242B1 (en) * | 1991-04-09 | 1997-02-04 | 니혼 세멘또 가부시끼가이샤 | Low heat building cement composition |
JPH07121821B2 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1995-12-25 | 秩父小野田株式会社 | Admixture for concrete or mortar and kneaded product containing the same |
JP2635884B2 (en) | 1991-06-25 | 1997-07-30 | 日本国土開発株式会社 | Concrete composition |
US5195366A (en) * | 1991-08-22 | 1993-03-23 | Duncan Coy R | Testing apparatus for two or four cylinder engines |
JP2538459B2 (en) | 1991-09-05 | 1996-09-25 | ニチアス株式会社 | Manufacturing method of machinable high strength insulation |
JP2633763B2 (en) | 1991-10-01 | 1997-07-23 | 大和紡績株式会社 | Polypropylene fiber for cement reinforcement |
US5556458A (en) | 1991-11-27 | 1996-09-17 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions |
JPH05154816A (en) | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-22 | Kubota Corp | Production of fiber reinforced cement slab |
US5303042A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1994-04-12 | One Touch Systems, Inc. | Computer-implemented method and apparatus for remote educational instruction |
US5342485A (en) * | 1992-08-05 | 1994-08-30 | Reynolds Metals Company | Process for preparing ultra-white alumina trihydrate |
US5549859A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1996-08-27 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Methods for the extrusion of novel, highly plastic and moldable hydraulically settable compositions |
CA2110658A1 (en) | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-17 | Theodor A. Burge | Thixotroping and set-accelerating additive for mixtures containing a hydraulic binder, process using the additive, apparatus for preparing the mixtures containing a hydraulic binder as well as the additive |
US5439518A (en) * | 1993-01-06 | 1995-08-08 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Flyash-based compositions |
US5346012A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-09-13 | Halliburton Company | Fine particle size cement compositions and methods |
GB2276875B (en) | 1993-03-11 | 1997-04-30 | Mhj Ltd | Method and a composition for dewatering silt |
IT1262267B (en) | 1993-03-24 | 1996-06-19 | METHOD AND MACHINE FOR WRAPPING PRODUCTS WITH EXTENSIBLE FILM AND WRAPPING MADE WITH SUCH METHOD. | |
US5366637A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1994-11-22 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Method for dewatering municipal solid waste refuse |
DE4320508A1 (en) | 1993-06-21 | 1994-12-22 | Hoechst Ag | Thickener combinations of macro surfactants and organic additives for aqueous application systems |
JP3353955B2 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 2002-12-09 | フクダ電子株式会社 | How to change the shape of the region of interest |
JPH07165455A (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-06-27 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Curable inorganic composition |
WO1995011204A1 (en) | 1993-10-21 | 1995-04-27 | Chichibu Onoda Cement Corporation | Self-leveling water-base composition |
AU659400B3 (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1995-05-11 | Vinyl-Crete Products Australia Pty Ltd | Thermosetting moulding compositions and associated methods |
JPH07187734A (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-25 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Curable inorganic composition |
US5584895A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-12-17 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Process for preparing solidified material containing coal ash |
DE4416160A1 (en) | 1994-05-09 | 1995-11-16 | Durapact Glasfaserbetontechn | Process and device for the continuous production of fiber-reinforced molded articles from hydraulically settable compositions |
US5624491A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1997-04-29 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Compressive strength of concrete and mortar containing fly ash |
CN1099089A (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 1995-02-22 | 北京市石景山区华泰化学品公司 | Early strength water reducing agent for non-alkali concrete |
US5583079A (en) | 1994-07-19 | 1996-12-10 | Golitz; John T. | Ceramic products, of glass, fly ash and clay and methods of making the same |
JPH0867541A (en) | 1994-08-30 | 1996-03-12 | Kubota Corp | Fiber cement board |
JPH0873283A (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1996-03-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Foamable inorganic composition |
US5562832A (en) | 1995-01-13 | 1996-10-08 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Absorptive sludge dewatering process for papermaking waste |
JP3699743B2 (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 2005-09-28 | 株式会社エーアンドエーマテリアル | Calcium silicate plate manufacturing method |
US5681384A (en) | 1995-04-24 | 1997-10-28 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Method for increasing the rate of compressive strength gain in hardenable mixtures containing fly ash |
JP3783734B2 (en) | 1995-05-30 | 2006-06-07 | 株式会社エーアンドエーマテリアル | Calcium silicate plate manufacturing method |
JP3783736B2 (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 2006-06-07 | 株式会社エーアンドエーマテリアル | Calcium silicate plate manufacturing method |
GB9513116D0 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-08-30 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
JP4131574B2 (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 2008-08-13 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Mixed cement stimulator and mixed cement composition |
WO1997021640A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1997-06-19 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Method for preparing fly ash for high compressive strength concrete and mortar, and compositions thereof |
US5820668A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1998-10-13 | Ib Technologies Llc | Inorganic binder composition, production and uses thereof |
JPH09201561A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1997-08-05 | Kubota Corp | Coating method and apparatus to create stonetexture |
DE19607081C2 (en) | 1996-02-24 | 1999-09-09 | Bilfinger & Berger Umweltverfa | Process for immobilizing pollutants and for solidifying the immobilizate and use of the products obtained |
JP3265183B2 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 2002-03-11 | ニチハ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of inorganic plate |
CZ283459B6 (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1998-04-15 | Všcht | Mixture for refractory purposes |
JP3719546B2 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 2005-11-24 | 株式会社エーアンドエーマテリアル | Calcium silicate plate and method for producing the same |
US6325853B1 (en) | 1996-07-19 | 2001-12-04 | Nordson Corporation | Apparatus for applying a liquid coating with an improved spray nozzle |
CN1160070A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-09-24 | 万启洪 | Multipurpose temp.-resistent water-proof material |
TW408089B (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2000-10-11 | Shen De Shian | Content and production method for semi-rigid asphalt concrete |
US5714003A (en) | 1997-02-12 | 1998-02-03 | Mineral Resource Technologies, Llc | Blended hydraulic cement |
CN1061328C (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 2001-01-31 | 沈阳建筑工程学院 | Production of composite concrete additives from superfined flyash |
ES2299208T3 (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 2008-05-16 | CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY GMBH | CEMENTOUS MIXTURE THAT CONTAINS A HIGH PROPORTION OF REPLACEMENT OF PUZOLANIC CEMENTS AND COMPATIBILIZING MIXTURES FOR THEMSELVES. |
TR199902849T2 (en) | 1997-05-26 | 2000-06-21 | Sobolev Konstantin | Production of complex additives and cement-based materials. |
BR9702557B1 (en) | 1997-07-02 | 2009-05-05 | pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of malignant neoplasms and process for manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. | |
AU738096B2 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2001-09-06 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods |
AU8815198A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 1999-03-08 | Dean James Clowes | Building elements, coatings therefor and methods of applying them |
US5817230A (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-10-06 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Method for improving the pozzolanic character of fly ash |
US5922124A (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1999-07-13 | Supplee; William W. | Additive for, method of adding thereof and resulting cured cement-type concreations for improved heat and freeze-thaw durability |
DE29716803U1 (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1998-01-08 | Rauch Walter | Device for coating parts with liquid, pasty, thixotropic and fibrous or particle-containing substances |
JP4002642B2 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2007-11-07 | ホリゾン・インターナショナル株式会社 | Bookbinding line conveyor |
CN1178202A (en) | 1997-11-03 | 1998-04-08 | 内江市车务段装卸服务公司 | Lightweight hollow wall panel and manufacture thereof |
JPH11139859A (en) * | 1997-11-04 | 1999-05-25 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Very quick-hardening cement composition |
US6030275A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2000-02-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Variable control of carrier curvature with direct feedback loop |
US6343267B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2002-01-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Dimensionality reduction for speaker normalization and speaker and environment adaptation using eigenvoice techniques |
KR20000014685A (en) | 1998-08-24 | 2000-03-15 | 정종순 | Light insulating mortar composition having improved curing property and contraction-stability |
JP2000160057A (en) | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-13 | Ando Corp | Material for building and civil engineering work |
RU2161695C2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 2001-01-10 | Предприятие "Кубаньгазпром" | Grouting mortar |
US6242098B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2001-06-05 | Mineral Resources Technologies, Llc | Method of making mineral filler and pozzolan product from fly ash |
JP2000302522A (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-31 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Production of fiber reinforced cement board |
JP3295843B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2002-06-24 | 京楽産業株式会社 | Pachinko machine |
JP2001026485A (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2001-01-30 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Formed body of hydraulic composition |
RU2157796C1 (en) | 1999-07-27 | 2000-10-20 | Новосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет | Polymer-cement slurry |
RU2167485C2 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2001-05-20 | Новопашин Игорь Витальевич | Dc-to-ac converter |
CN1251358A (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2000-04-26 | 唐绍林 | Light-wt. composite wall slurry and method for forming composite wall thereof |
IT1311962B1 (en) | 1999-11-04 | 2002-03-20 | Giovanni Masini | WATER DILUTABLE COMPOSITION HAVING HIGH ADHESION AND ELASTICITY CHARACTERISTICS, SUITABLE FOR PROVIDING FIRE PROTECTION. |
US6482258B2 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2002-11-19 | Mineral Resource Technologies, Llc | Fly ash composition for use in concrete mix |
RU2168485C1 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2001-06-10 | Белов Владимир Владимирович | Composition for preparing cellular sol concrete and method of preparing thereof |
US6485561B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2002-11-26 | Clinton D. Dattel | Low density cellular concrete with accelerators for rapid hardening |
JP2001316157A (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2001-11-13 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Hydraulic composition and fiber-reinforced cured body using it |
JP4511680B2 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2010-07-28 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Slurry molding equipment |
WO2002004378A2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-17 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Self-compacting cementitious composite |
JP4727792B2 (en) * | 2000-08-10 | 2011-07-20 | 株式会社エーアンドエーマテリアル | Method for manufacturing ceramic laminates |
JP4458639B2 (en) | 2000-08-10 | 2010-04-28 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Concrete composition for immediate mold release |
US20050126430A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2005-06-16 | Lightner James E.Jr. | Building materials with bioresistant properties |
KR100817968B1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2008-03-31 | 제임스 하디 인터내셔널 파이낸스 비.브이. | Fiber cement composite material using biocide treated durable cellulose fibers |
JP2004511675A (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2004-04-15 | ジェイムズ ハーディー リサーチ ピーティーワイ.リミテッド | Method and apparatus for reducing impurities in cellulosic fibers for the production of fiber reinforced cement composites |
US6551114B2 (en) | 2001-02-20 | 2003-04-22 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Semiconductor device having signal contacts and high current power contacts |
US20030164119A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-04 | Basil Naji | Additive for dewaterable slurry and slurry incorporating same |
ATE359245T1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2007-05-15 | James Hardie Int Finance Bv | FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT MATERIALS USING CHEMICALLY MODIFIED FIBERS WITH IMPROVED MIXABILITY |
US6660077B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2003-12-09 | Nestor De Buen-Unna | Additive for the preparation of ecological permeable concretes with high compression, bending and abrasion resistance, and production process |
US6641658B1 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2003-11-04 | United States Gypsum Company | Rapid setting cementitious composition |
JP4182333B2 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2008-11-19 | 日本精工株式会社 | Linear motion device |
US7155866B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2007-01-02 | Certainteed Corporation | Cementitious exterior sheathing product having improved interlaminar bond strength |
CL2004000021A1 (en) * | 2003-01-09 | 2005-02-18 | James Hardie Int Finance Bv | COMPOSITE MATERIAL THAT INCLUDES A CEMENTOUS MATRIX, AND A BLENDED AND UNBANKED CELL FABRIC MIXTURE WHICH ARE INCORPORATED WITHIN THE CEMENTOUS MATRIX; METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPOSITE REINFORCED CEMENT MATERIAL WITH FIBERS. |
US20040211342A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-28 | Mbt Holding Ag | Rheology stabilizer for cementitious compositions |
JP2005034695A (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2005-02-10 | Kyowa Exeo Corp | Device and method for collecting molten fly ash |
RU2243189C1 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2004-12-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский государственный технический университет - УПИ" | Method of production of non-steam-and-pressure cured concrete and composition of mixture of such concrete |
US6832652B1 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2004-12-21 | Bj Services Company | Ultra low density cementitious slurries for use in cementing of oil and gas wells |
JP4260645B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2009-04-30 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | Manufacturing method of near-field optical head |
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 PL PL363545A patent/PL201390B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 AU AU2002234429A patent/AU2002234429B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-01 AT AT02701097T patent/ATE372174T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 AR ARP020100740 patent/AR032924A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 MY MYPI20020733A patent/MY138957A/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 CZ CZ20032629A patent/CZ20032629A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 BR BR0207808A patent/BR0207808A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-01 MX MXPA03007890A patent/MXPA03007890A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 CZ CZ20032630A patent/CZ20032630A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 DE DE2002622245 patent/DE60222245T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 TW TW91103844A patent/TW529987B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 PL PL365343A patent/PL200641B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 CA CA 2439451 patent/CA2439451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-01 BR BR0207807A patent/BR0207807A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-01 TW TW91103843A patent/TW505727B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 EP EP02701097A patent/EP1370369B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-01 KR KR1020037011486A patent/KR100888732B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 CN CNB02805900XA patent/CN1243615C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 HU HU0303345A patent/HUP0303345A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 EP EP02701098A patent/EP1370401A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-01 KR KR1020037011485A patent/KR100870627B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 TW TW91103847A patent/TW574164B/en active
- 2002-03-01 MY MYPI20020719A patent/MY141057A/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 AR ARP020100739 patent/AR033610A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 CN CNB028058976A patent/CN1254352C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 WO PCT/AU2002/000226 patent/WO2002070145A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 AR ARP020100741 patent/AR032925A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 NZ NZ528307A patent/NZ528307A/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 TW TW91103845A patent/TW590882B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 MY MYPI20020732A patent/MY128723A/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 AR ARP020100738 patent/AR032923A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 NZ NZ528306A patent/NZ528306A/en unknown
- 2002-03-01 AU AU2002234428A patent/AU2002234428B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-01 MX MXPA03007891A patent/MXPA03007891A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 AR ARP020100742 patent/AR034210A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 WO PCT/AU2002/000227 patent/WO2002070218A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-01 TW TW91103846A patent/TWI225822B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-01 JP JP2002569367A patent/JP2004520975A/en active Pending
- 2002-03-01 CA CA 2439425 patent/CA2439425C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 DK DK02701097T patent/DK1370369T3/en active
- 2002-03-01 JP JP2002569306A patent/JP4226331B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-01 HU HU0303327A patent/HU224885B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 CZ CZ20032657A patent/CZ20032657A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 CA CA 2439513 patent/CA2439513C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 HU HU0303370A patent/HUP0303370A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,406 patent/US6893751B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 CA CA 2439484 patent/CA2439484C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 CZ CZ20032658A patent/CZ20032658A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 HU HU0303328A patent/HUP0303328A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 CN CNB028071360A patent/CN100391883C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,385 patent/US20020179219A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 CN CNA028072855A patent/CN1500038A/en active Pending
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,299 patent/US7396402B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,362 patent/US20020170466A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 EP EP02702163A patent/EP1373157A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,388 patent/US6824715B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 NZ NZ528305A patent/NZ528305A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 MX MXPA03007894A patent/MXPA03007894A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,561 patent/US7704316B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 JP JP2002569397A patent/JP4435479B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 AT AT02700057T patent/ATE459466T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,376 patent/US6692570B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 KR KR10-2003-7011517A patent/KR20030084960A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 JP JP2002569396A patent/JP4287654B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-04 NZ NZ528304A patent/NZ528304A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 HU HU0303320A patent/HUP0303320A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 WO PCT/AU2002/000241 patent/WO2002070247A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,387 patent/US6749897B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 JP JP2002569750A patent/JP2004529836A/en active Pending
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,338 patent/US20020189500A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 MX MXPA03007892A patent/MXPA03007892A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,560 patent/US20020189499A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 PL PL02363533A patent/PL363533A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 PL PL02363465A patent/PL363465A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 WO PCT/AU2002/000240 patent/WO2002070421A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-04 EP EP02703394A patent/EP1372952A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-04 PL PL02363498A patent/PL363498A1/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 US US10/090,375 patent/US20030000424A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 CA CA 2439508 patent/CA2439508A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-04 BR BR0207805A patent/BR0207805A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 CN CNA028071611A patent/CN1498162A/en active Pending
- 2002-03-04 DE DE60235531T patent/DE60235531D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 EP EP20020700057 patent/EP1377440B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-04 CZ CZ20032656A patent/CZ20032656A3/en unknown
- 2002-03-04 KR KR1020037011467A patent/KR100865043B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-03-04 BR BR0207806A patent/BR0207806A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 KR KR10-2003-7011547A patent/KR20030083726A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 BR BR0207804A patent/BR0207804A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-04 MX MXPA03007893A patent/MXPA03007893A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-04 NZ NZ528303A patent/NZ528303A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-10-02 CR CR7093A patent/CR7093A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-02 CR CR7096A patent/CR7096A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-10-02 CR CR7094A patent/CR7094A/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-05-13 US US11/128,778 patent/US20050208287A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-12-04 US US11/634,285 patent/US20070077436A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 AU AU2008201088A patent/AU2008201088B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-01-21 US US12/691,505 patent/US8153245B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (99)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2987408A (en) * | 1958-03-27 | 1961-06-06 | Corson G & W H | Pozzolanic material |
US3501324A (en) * | 1966-07-15 | 1970-03-17 | Osaka Packing | Manufacturing aqueous slurry of hydrous calcium silicate and products thereof |
US3679446A (en) * | 1968-06-04 | 1972-07-25 | Osaka Packing | Molding materials of calcium silicate hydrate and shaped products thereof |
US3865779A (en) * | 1970-02-13 | 1975-02-11 | Hiromichi Murata | Process for preparing reinforcing additives to be applied to inorganic cements |
US3782985A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1974-01-01 | Cadcom Inc | Lightweight,high strength concrete and method for manufacturing the same |
US4009135A (en) * | 1973-10-04 | 1977-02-22 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive for mortar and concrete |
US3873025A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-03-25 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Method and apparatus for atomizing a liquid medium and for spraying the atomized liquid medium in a predetermined direction |
US3932275A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1976-01-13 | Amax Resource Recovery Systems, Inc. | Process for the treatment of mineral slimes |
US4102697A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-07-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Fluid plaster composition |
US4088804A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1978-05-09 | Cornwell Charles E | Cementitious coatings and method |
US4070199A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-01-24 | Imperial Chemical Industries Limited | Cementitious compositions |
US4066723A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-01-03 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Method and apparatus for making fibrous concrete |
US4144121A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-03-13 | Nippon Asbestos Co., Ltd. | Method for producing asbestos-free calcium silicate board and the board produced thereby |
US4101335A (en) * | 1976-11-04 | 1978-07-18 | Cape Boards & Panels Ltd. | Building board |
US4204644A (en) * | 1976-11-18 | 1980-05-27 | Asahi Glass Company, Limited | Spraying apparatus for preparing glass fiber reinforced cementitious product |
US4134773A (en) * | 1977-03-11 | 1979-01-16 | Centralna Laboratoria Po Physiko-Chimicheska Mechanika Pri Ban | Method of accelerated hardening and strength-increasing of different cements |
US4184906A (en) * | 1977-05-03 | 1980-01-22 | James Hardie & Coy Pty. Limited | Method of making asbestos-cement laminates |
US4188231A (en) * | 1977-06-17 | 1980-02-12 | Valore Rudolph C | Methods of preparing iron oxide mortars or cements with admixtures and the resulting products |
US4261286A (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1981-04-14 | Maschinenfabrik Max Kroenert | Apparatus for coating of moving sheets with a contact adhesive |
US4265674A (en) * | 1978-08-12 | 1981-05-05 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive for concrete or mortar and the use thereof |
US4344804A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1982-08-17 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of fiber-reinforced hydraulically bound articles such as cementitious articles |
US4250134A (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1981-02-10 | L. John Minnick | Method for the production of cementitious compositions and aggregate derivatives from said compositions |
US4256584A (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-03-17 | Mold-Masters Limited | Injection molding filter assembly |
US4268316A (en) * | 1979-07-27 | 1981-05-19 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Masonry cement composition |
US4379729A (en) * | 1979-08-09 | 1983-04-12 | Tarmac Industrial Holdings Limited | Method and apparatus for the production of composite sheet material and a sheet material produced thereby |
US4256504A (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-03-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Fly ash-based cement |
US4328145A (en) * | 1979-10-26 | 1982-05-04 | American Admixtures And Chemicals Corporation | Additive for air-entrained super plasticized concrete, concrete produced thereby and method of producing air-entrained super plasticized concrete |
US4388257A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1983-06-14 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Process for preparing calcium silicate shaped product |
US4374672A (en) * | 1980-04-04 | 1983-02-22 | The Detroit Edison Company | Method of and composition for producing a stabilized fill material |
US4383960A (en) * | 1980-06-18 | 1983-05-17 | Adrien Delcoigne | Process and mechanism for the elimination of excess water from a mixture of plaster and water, and the product obtained |
US4339289A (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1982-07-13 | Battelle Development Corporation | Concrete overlay construction |
US4394175A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-07-19 | Cheriton Leslie W | Self-levelling cementitious mixes |
US4507154A (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1985-03-26 | Sika Ag, Vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Chloride-free setting accelerator for hydraulic binding agents |
US4441944A (en) * | 1981-12-31 | 1984-04-10 | Pmp Corporation | Building board composition and method of making same |
US4574012A (en) * | 1982-02-24 | 1986-03-04 | Mitsubishi Chemical Industries Ltd. | Calcium silicate shaped product |
US4450022A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1984-05-22 | United States Gypsum Company | Method and apparatus for making reinforced cement board |
US4495301A (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1985-01-22 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Insulating refractories |
US4504335A (en) * | 1983-07-20 | 1985-03-12 | United States Gypsum Company | Method for making reinforced cement board |
US4818595A (en) * | 1984-04-25 | 1989-04-04 | Delphic Research Laboratories, Inc. | Fire barrier coating and fire barrier plywood |
US4721160A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1988-01-26 | Dowell Schlumberger Incorporated | Composition for a lightweight cement slurry for cementing oil and gas wells |
US4767491A (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1988-08-30 | Moplefan S.P.A. | Device for the continuous production of manufactured articles reinforced with mixtures of hydraulic binders |
US4746364A (en) * | 1985-07-12 | 1988-05-24 | Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. | Flowing concrete and process of producing the same |
US4933013A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1990-06-12 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydraulic material composition having high strength |
US4933031A (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1990-06-12 | Elkem A/S And Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S. | Hydraulic cement slurry |
US4759802A (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1988-07-26 | Kao Corporation | Cement dispersion agent |
US4946505A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1990-08-07 | Chemische Werke Brockhues Ag | Process for dyeing concrete |
US4915740A (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1990-04-10 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydraulic material composition having high strength |
US4840688A (en) * | 1987-09-11 | 1989-06-20 | Pfleiderer Industrie Gmbh & Co., Kg | Method for the production of fibrous plaster boards |
US4816091A (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-03-28 | Miller Robert G | Method and apparatus for producing reinforced cementious panel webs |
US4904503A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-02-27 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Rapid setting cementitious fireproofing compositions and method of spray applying same |
US4935060A (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1990-06-19 | Elkem A/S | Hydraulic cement slurry |
US4846889A (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-07-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polymeric blend useful in thin-bed mortar compositions comprising a water-soluble cellulose ether and a water-insoluble, but water-dispersible polymer |
US5106557A (en) * | 1988-06-11 | 1992-04-21 | Redland Roof Tiles Limited | Process for the production of concrete building products |
US5108679A (en) * | 1988-06-11 | 1992-04-28 | Redland Roof Tile Limited | Process for the production of concrete building products |
US5030287A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1991-07-09 | Fibronit S.R.L. | Cement mix and method for producing reinforced building sheets from a cement mix |
US4981740A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-01-01 | Kkkk A/S | Acid resistant concrete articles, especially sulfur concrete pipes, and a method of manufacturing said articles |
US5108510A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1992-04-28 | Sika Ag, Vorm. Kaspar Winkler | Highly reactive hydraulic binder for the preparation of building, construction and raw materials |
US5192366A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1993-03-09 | Denki Kagaku Koygo Kabushiki Kaisha | Cement admixture and cement composition |
US4994113A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-02-19 | Core-Guard Industries, Inc. | Mixture for the preparation of building materials |
US5032548A (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1991-07-16 | Marathon Oil Company | Construction material containing catalytic cracking catalyst particles |
US5387626A (en) * | 1991-09-03 | 1995-02-07 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Additive combination for improving the processing properties of water-containing mixtures of building materials |
US5236773A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-08-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fire-resistant barriers for composite materials |
US5536310A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1996-07-16 | Sandoz Ltd. | Cementitious compositions containing fly ash |
US5314119A (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 1994-05-24 | Latanick Equipment, Inc. | Method and apparatus for applying thin coatings of fluid droplets |
US5385764A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1995-01-31 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Hydraulically settable containers and other articles for storing, dispensing, and packaging food and beverages and methods for their manufacture |
US5508072A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1996-04-16 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Sheets having a highly inorganically filled organic polymer matrix |
US5294255A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1994-03-15 | Specrete-Ip Incorporated | Pumpable backfill grout |
US5383521A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1995-01-24 | Halliburton Company | Fly ash cementing compositions and methods |
US5432212A (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1995-07-11 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Dispersant composition for cement having excellent property in inhibition of slump-loss |
US5490889A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1996-02-13 | Kirkpatrick; William D. | Blended hydraulic cement for both general and special applications |
US5387283A (en) * | 1993-05-27 | 1995-02-07 | Kirkpatrick; William D. | Process for producing a hydraulic cement binder for both general and special applications |
US5484480A (en) * | 1993-10-19 | 1996-01-16 | Jtm Industries, Inc. | Use of alumina clay with cement fly ash mixtures |
US5891374A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1999-04-06 | Northwestern University | Method of making extruded fiber reinforced cement matrix composites |
US5403394A (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1995-04-04 | Burgand; Yves | Self-leveling floor coating material |
US5728458A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1998-03-17 | Diversitech Corporation | Light-weight high-strength composite pad |
US6030447A (en) * | 1995-08-25 | 2000-02-29 | James Hardie Research Pty. Limited | Cement formulation |
US6204214B1 (en) * | 1996-03-18 | 2001-03-20 | University Of Chicago | Pumpable/injectable phosphate-bonded ceramics |
US5863477A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1999-01-26 | Nichiha Corporation | Method of manufacturing a wood-cement board |
US6506248B1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 2003-01-14 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Building products |
US6346146B1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 2002-02-12 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Building products |
US6372694B1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-04-16 | Crosfield Ltd. | Suspensions with high storage stability, comprising an aqueous silicate solution and a filler material |
US5888322A (en) * | 1997-07-14 | 1999-03-30 | Nalco Chemical Company | Polymeric oxyalkylate viscosity modifiers for use in gypsum wallboard production |
US5900053A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-05-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Light weight high temperature well cement compositions and methods |
US6572698B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-06-03 | International Mineral Technology Ag | Activated aluminosilicate binder |
US6692564B2 (en) * | 1999-12-08 | 2004-02-17 | Mbt (Schweiz) Ag | Preparation of concrete accelerator |
US6533848B1 (en) * | 2000-03-13 | 2003-03-18 | University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Technology and methodology for the production of high quality polymer filler and super-pozzolan from fly ash |
US6572697B2 (en) * | 2000-03-14 | 2003-06-03 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US6375853B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-04-23 | Roe-Hoan Yoon | Methods of using modified natural products as dewatering aids for fine particles |
US6676744B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-01-13 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using cellulose fibers loaded with inorganic and/or organic substances |
US6676745B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-01-13 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using sized cellulose fibers |
US6872246B2 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2005-03-29 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using cellulose fibers loaded with inorganic and/or organic substances |
US6387175B1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-05-14 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Roadway base intermediate, roadway base, and methods of manufacture |
US20050005821A1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2005-01-13 | Ciments Francais | Cement composition, its use for the production of a self-leveling liquid casting, and a casting thus obtained |
US6749897B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-06-15 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Coatings for building products and methods of using same |
US6692570B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-02-17 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Spattering apparatus |
US6893751B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2005-05-17 | James Hardie Research Pty Limited | Composite product |
US7396402B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2008-07-08 | James Hardie International Finance B.V. | Coatings for building products and dewatering aid for use with same |
US6682595B1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-01-27 | Ronald Lee Barbour | Settable composition containing potassium sulfate |
US7028436B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2006-04-18 | Certainteed Corporation | Cementitious exterior sheathing product with rigid support member |
Cited By (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7658794B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2010-02-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US8603239B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2013-12-10 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US8182606B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2012-05-22 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US7727329B2 (en) | 2000-03-14 | 2010-06-01 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement building materials with low density additives |
US20040145078A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-07-29 | Merkley Donald J. | Fiber cement composite materials using sized cellulose fibers |
US7815841B2 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2010-10-19 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using sized cellulose fibers |
US8268119B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2012-09-18 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Method and apparatus for reducing impurities in cellulose fibers for manufacture of fiber reinforced cement composite materials |
US20050016423A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2005-01-27 | Merkley Donald J. | Fiber cement composite material using biocide treated durable cellulose fibers |
US8133352B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2012-03-13 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Method and apparatus for reducing impurities in cellulose fibers for manufacture of fiber reinforced cement composite materials |
US20020112827A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-08-22 | Merkley Donald J. | Method and apparatus for reducing impurities in cellulose fibers for manufacture of fiber reinforced cement composite materials |
US7704316B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2010-04-27 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Coatings for building products and methods of making same |
US20020175126A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-28 | Basil Naji | Coatings for building products and dewatering aid for use with same |
US20020170467A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-11-21 | Basil Naji | Coatings for building products and methods of making same |
US20050045067A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2005-03-03 | Basil Naji | Additive for dewaterable slurry and slurry incorporating same |
US20050208287A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2005-09-22 | Basil Naji | Composite product |
US7857906B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2010-12-28 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility |
US20080148999A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2008-06-26 | Caidian Luo | Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility |
US20020170468A1 (en) * | 2001-03-09 | 2002-11-21 | Caidian Luo | Fiber reinforced cement composite materials using chemically treated fibers with improved dispersibility |
US7993570B2 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2011-08-09 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Durable medium-density fibre cement composite |
US7942964B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2011-05-17 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using bleached cellulose fibers |
US8333836B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2012-12-18 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Fiber cement composite materials using bleached cellulose fibers |
US7998571B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2011-08-16 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Composite cement article incorporating a powder coating and methods of making same |
US20060080248A1 (en) * | 2004-10-07 | 2006-04-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Controlling electronic withdrawals by a withdrawal device |
US8993462B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Surface sealed reinforced building element |
US8445101B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-05-21 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Sound attenuation building material and system |
US8997924B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2015-04-07 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix |
US8349444B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-01-08 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix |
US8440296B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-05-14 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Shear panel building material |
US9076428B2 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2015-07-07 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Sound attenuation building material and system |
US8209927B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2012-07-03 | James Hardie Technology Limited | Structural fiber cement building materials |
US9885179B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2018-02-06 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Plastic coated composite building boards and method of making same |
US8486516B2 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-07-16 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Plastic coated composite building boards and method of making same |
US20100055431A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Plastic Coated Composite Building Boards and Method of Making Same |
US9186869B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2015-11-17 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Composite floor underlayment with thermoplastic coatings |
US9259888B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2016-02-16 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Plastic coated composite building boards and method of making same |
US9346244B2 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2016-05-24 | Certainteed Gypsum, Inc. | Composite building boards with thermoplastic coatings and cementitious precoated fibrous mats |
US8591677B2 (en) | 2008-11-04 | 2013-11-26 | Ashtech Industries, Llc | Utility materials incorporating a microparticle matrix formed with a setting agent |
US10876352B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2020-12-29 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Fire rated door |
US10315386B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2019-06-11 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
EP2867431B1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2022-03-30 | The Intellectual Gorilla GmbH | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
US10435941B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2019-10-08 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Fire rated door core |
US10240089B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2019-03-26 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
WO2014005091A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-03 | Daniels Evan R | Gypsum composites used in fire resistant building components |
US11142480B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2021-10-12 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Lightweight thermal insulating cement-based materials |
US10414692B2 (en) | 2013-04-24 | 2019-09-17 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Extruded lightweight thermal insulating cement-based materials |
US10442733B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2019-10-15 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Lightweight thermal insulating cement based materials |
US11155499B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2021-10-26 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Lightweight thermal insulating cement based materials |
US10538459B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2020-01-21 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Extruded cement based materials |
US11072562B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 | 2021-07-27 | The Intellectual Gorilla Gmbh | Cement-based tile |
US10570308B2 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2020-02-25 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Heat insulating coating composition, method for applying such coating composition and kit of parts comprising such coating composition |
US20190185698A1 (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-06-20 | Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. | Heat Insulating Coating Composition, Method for Applying Such Coating Composition and Kit of Parts Comprising Such Coating Composition |
US11865820B2 (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2024-01-09 | Saint-Gobain Adfors Canada, Ltd. | Reinforcing layer, a cementitious board, and method of forming the cementitious board |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8153245B2 (en) | Composite product | |
EP2970006B1 (en) | Mat faced gypsum board comprising hydrophobic finish | |
WO2002070248A1 (en) | Coatings for building products | |
JPH09511732A (en) | Gypsum-containing cementitious composition and material for producing the same | |
AU2008200438B2 (en) | A composite product | |
AU2011201333B2 (en) | Coatings for building products | |
AU2002233068A1 (en) | A composite product | |
AU2002237104A1 (en) | Coatings for building products |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JAMES HARDIE RESEARCH PTY LIMITED, AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:NAJI, BASIL;COTTIER, JOHN SYDNEY;LYONS, ROBERT;REEL/FRAME:018680/0575 Effective date: 20020529 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JAMES HARDIE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE B.V., NETHERLAN Free format text: AGREEMENT CONFIRMING ASSIGNMENT OF IP RIGHTS BETWEEN JAMES HARDIE RESEARCH PTY LIMITED AND NV TECHNOLOGY HOLDINGS;ASSIGNOR:JAMES HARDIE RESEARCH PTY LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:018734/0700 Effective date: 20040101 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: JAMES HARDIE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED,IRELAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JAMES HARDIE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE B.V.;REEL/FRAME:024103/0809 Effective date: 20091215 Owner name: JAMES HARDIE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED, IRELAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:JAMES HARDIE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE B.V.;REEL/FRAME:024103/0809 Effective date: 20091215 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |