US20070017679A1 - Downhole multi-action jetting tool - Google Patents
Downhole multi-action jetting tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070017679A1 US20070017679A1 US11/479,022 US47902206A US2007017679A1 US 20070017679 A1 US20070017679 A1 US 20070017679A1 US 47902206 A US47902206 A US 47902206A US 2007017679 A1 US2007017679 A1 US 2007017679A1
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- housing
- outlet
- fluid
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- Abandoned
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing, or removing tools, packers or the like in the boreholes or wells
- E21B23/004—Indexing systems for guiding relative movement between telescoping parts of downhole tools
- E21B23/006—"J-slot" systems, i.e. lug and slot indexing mechanisms
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
- E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
- E21B34/14—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools
- E21B34/142—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells operated by movement of tools, e.g. sleeve valves operated by pistons or wire line tools unsupported or free-falling elements, e.g. balls, plugs, darts or pistons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
Definitions
- a wellbore may be drilled in the earth for various purposes, such as hydrocarbon extraction, geothermal energy, or water. After a wellbore is drilled, the wellore is typically lined with casing. The casing preserves the shape of the wellore as well as provides a sealed conduit for fluid to be transported to the surface.
- debris in the wellore.
- accumulation of debris can prevent free movement of tools through the wellore during operations, as well as possibly interfere with production of hydrocarbons or damage tools.
- Potential debris includes cuttings produced from the drilling of the wellore, metallic debris from the various tools and components used in operations, and corrosion of the casing. Much of this debris may be removed by increasing the annular fluid velocity to bring larger particles to the surface of the wellbore.
- Cleaning involves spraying or jetting the inner wall of the casing with cleaning fluid at very high pressure to break up and dislodge the deposited material.
- a cleaning device having side jetting nozzles is lowered into the wellbore casing on the end of a drill string. Once a section of the wellbore casing has been jet cleaned, the cleaning device is withdrawn from the wellbore casing and removed from the end of the string. The drill string is then returned to the wellbore casing and cleaning fluid is run through the casing to a point below the section of the wellbore casing that was jet cleaned.
- the cleaning fluid circulates upward through the annulus between the wellbore casing and the drill string, carrying material dislodged during the jetting operation to the top of the wellbore casing.
- jetting and flushing is repeated as necessary to clean the wellbore casing of deposited material.
- Many cleaning and jetting tools use multiple balls to actuate and de-actuate the tool. It would be an improvement to have a cleaning tool that can be actuated and de-actuated without the need to use multiple balls.
- the disclosed invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning a wellbore casing including an outer housing having an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet wherein the inlet and the first outlet are adapted for connection in a work string, the outer housing having a second outlet extending in a direction generally transversely of the through passage, an index mandrel slidably located within the outer housing and having an axial bore extending therethrough, the index mandrel being movable relative to the outer housing between a first position in which the second outlet is closed and a second position in which the second outlet is open, a ball seat located on an upper end of the index mandrel, a spring located within the outer housing and biasing the index mandrel toward the first position, a ball retainable on the ball seat to prevent flow from the inlet to the first outlet, and wherein application of a first pressure on the ball forces the index mandrel against the spring into the second position and reduction of said first pressure permits return of the index mandrel to the second position.
- a method of cleaning an inner surface of a casing in a wellbore includes lowering a jetting tool on a work string into the wellbore to a desired location, wherein the jetting tool has an outer housing with an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet, the outer housing also having a second outlet substantially transverse to the axial through passage, and an index housing slidingly retained within the outer housing in a first position such that the second outlet is closed, the index housing having a ball seat on an upper end and being biased toward the first position, dropping a ball into the axial through passage to rest on the ball seat, thereby preventing fluid flow between the inlet and the first outlet of the axial through passage, causing fluid pressure to force the index housing to a second position wherein the second outlet is open, circulating fluid from the axial through passage and the second outlet at a fluid pressure sufficient to clean the casing, decreasing the fluid pressure to return the index housing to the first position, increasing the fluid pressure to move the index housing to a third position wherein
- a method of opening and closing an outlet through a side of a cylindrical outer housing of a jetting tool in a wellbore includes biasing the index housing to an upward position within the outer housing in which the index housing is blocking the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing, dropping a ball to seal against a ball seat located at the upper end of the index housing and block fluid flow through the jetting tool, forcing the index housing to a lower position inside the outer housing as a result of increased pressure behind the ball, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is open, reducing the fluid pressure on the ball to permit the biasing of the index housing towards the upward position, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is closed, and increasing the fluid pressure on the ball to a pressure sufficient to shear the ball through the ball seat, thereby permitting the index housing to return to the upward position.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool.
- FIG. 3 is a detail cross sectional view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool.
- FIG. 4 is a layout of an embodiment of an indexing groove.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a first, run-in-hole, position.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a second, jetting, position.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a third, intermediate, position.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a fourth, ball shear, position.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a first run in position.
- FIG. 10 a is a partial cross sectional view of the indexing pin and surrounding components.
- FIG. 10 b is a partial cross sectional view of a port and a bonded seal member.
- FIG. 10 c is a partial cross sectional view of a collet assembly.
- FIG. 11 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in the first position with the ball actuator.
- FIG. 12 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a second position.
- FIG. 13 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a third position.
- FIG. 14 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a fourth position.
- FIG. 15 is a layout of the indexing groove.
- a downhole jetting tool 100 that may be used to selectively divert fluid that is flowing down the drill string bore 102 to the annulus 104 between the drill string and the casing 106 of a wellbore 108 .
- the jetting tool 100 includes an outer housing 110 and a spring-loaded index mandrel 168 defining a tubular assembly having an inlet 206 and a first outlet 208 .
- the outer housing 110 defines an axial through passage 124 within which the index housing 168 is located.
- the outer housing 110 has a top sub 126 provided at a top end 112 , wherein the top sub 126 includes a threaded box 114 to couple to an upper drill string component (not shown).
- the top sub 126 has one or more radially extending ports 132 extending from the axial through passage 124 to the annulus 104 , collectively defining a second outlet 128 .
- the top sub 126 is coupled to a swivel housing 116 for the index housing 168 at a lower end 130 .
- the coupling of the swivel housing 134 and the top sub 126 provides an upper shoulder 138 at the lower end 136 of the top sub 126 .
- a lower shoulder 140 formed in the swivel housing 116 , is spaced apart from the upper shoulder 136 to form an inner recess 142 within which a swivel ring 144 is retained.
- the swivel ring 144 includes at least one indexing pin 146 extending radially into the axial through passage 124 defined by the outer housing 110 . While the swivel ring 144 is axially retained by the upper and lower shoulders 138 , 140 , the swivel ring 144 is not rotationally retained to the outer housing 110 . Thus, the swivel ring 144 may rotate within the confines of the upper and lower shoulders 138 , 140 .
- a spring housing 152 is coupled thereto.
- a lower portion 154 of the swivel housing 116 protrudes axially within a through bore 156 defined by the spring housing 152 .
- the lower portion 154 of the swivel housing 116 is spaced apart from the corresponding portion of the spring housing 152 such that a small gap 162 is created.
- a spring sleeve 162 is coupled to the spring housing 152 .
- the spring sleeve 164 is included primarily to aid in the assembly and disassembly of the jetting tool 100 .
- the spring housing 152 is provided with external threads 120 at lower end 118 to coupled to a ball catcher 122 or another lower drill string component (not shown).
- the index housing 168 is located within the outer housing 110 .
- the index housing 168 includes an indexing mandrel 170 coupled at a lower end 172 to a collet blank 174 to define a mandrel through passage 176 .
- the through passage 176 has a mandrel bore radius 178 .
- the indexing mandrel 170 has a ball seat 148 sealingly coupled at a top end 158 .
- An o-ring 166 may be included to seal the interface between the ball seat 148 and the index mandrel 170 .
- Other sealing means known in the art may be used.
- the ball seat 148 includes a lower shoulder 186 , which rests against top end 158 .
- a frustroconical section 188 at the top of the ball seat 148 provides a guide to direct a ball 250 (the ball 250 and related features are shown in FIGS. 5-8 ) through the center of the through passage.
- a landing section 190 projects generally inward at the bottom 194 of the ball seat 148 .
- the landing section 190 projects inward a sufficient distance and angle to seat the ball 250 as will be described.
- the radius 240 of the landing section 190 is thus smaller than the ball radius 252 .
- a seal member 180 is located above a shoulder formation 182 in the outer surface 184 of the indexing mandrel 170 and below the lower shoulder 186 of the ball seat 148 .
- a recess 202 is formed in the outer surface 184 of the indexing mandrel 170 .
- An o-ring 204 or other sealing member seals the interface between the outer surface 184 of the indexing mandrel 170 and the inner surface 192 of the top sub 126 below the recess 202 .
- An indexing groove 200 is formed into the outer surface 184 of the indexing mandrel 170 between the o-ring 204 and a lower end 172 of the indexing mandrel 170 .
- the indexing pin 146 coupled to the outer housing 110 , is positioned within the indexing groove 200 . The function of the indexing groove 200 and the indexing pin 146 is described in greater detail below.
- a spring assembly 210 includes the collet blank 174 , a spring follower 214 and a spring 216 .
- the collet blank 174 couples to the index mandrel 170 .
- the spring 216 is located within the through passage 156 defined by the spring housing 152 .
- a shoulder formation 218 in the inner surface 220 of the spring housing 152 near the lower end 118 provides support to a lower end 222 of the spring 216 .
- the spring follower 214 has a lower shoulder 224 that is seated atop an upper end 226 of the spring 216 .
- the collet blank 174 has a lower end 228 that is seated atop an inner shoulder 230 of the spring follower 214 such that the lower end 228 of the collet blank 174 is within the spring follower 214 .
- the ball 250 will be used to actuate the jetting tool 100 .
- the ball 250 will be dropped from the top of the work string and allowed to float downward through the fluid in the axial through passage 124 until it reaches the ball seat 148 .
- the ball 250 is formed from a material having a specific gravity greater than fluid though which it will be dropped.
- the ball 250 must be made from a material that will not be degraded by the chemical composition of the fluid in axial though passage 102 .
- the ball 250 can be sheared through the ball seat 148 by increasing the fluid pressure through the axial through passage 102 .
- the ball 250 is also formed from a material that will deform under a predetermined minimum pressure.
- the ball is made from a thermoplastic polyester based on polyethylene terephthalate, such as ERTALYTE (TM).
- the spring 216 When the jetting tool 100 is assembled, the spring 216 is lowered into the spring housing 152 and the spring follower 214 is placed atop the spring 216 .
- the swivel housing 116 couples to the spring housing 152 .
- the length of the spring 216 when loaded only with the spring follower 214 would extend beyond the lower end 160 of the lower portion 154 of the swivel housing 134 when the swivel housing 116 is coupled to the spring housing 152 .
- the spring sleeve 164 is coupled to the spring housing 152 to preload the spring 216 , through the spring follower 214 , against a lower shoulder 166 .
- the smaller size of the spring sleeve 164 makes it easier to couple to the spring housing 152 while simultaneously preloading the spring 216 .
- the larger swivel housing 134 may then be simply coupled to the spring housing 152 .
- the spring sleeve 164 retains the spring 162 and spring follower 214 within the spring housing 152 while the swivel housing 116 is removed.
- a jetting housing 196 is provided around the bypass valve 100 .
- the jetting housing 196 displaces annular space when the bypass valve 100 is to be used in a bore, such as that of a riser, having a sufficiently large inner diameter that annular fluid velocity would be lost if the jetting tool 100 were used without the jetting housing 196 .
- fluid velocity through the second outlet 132 into the annulus 104 may be maintained at a rate that is effective for removing debris or circulating fluid.
- Jetting housings 196 having different outer diameters may be available and the choice of size is typically based upon the diameter of the casing to be cleaned. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3 , the jetting housing 196 includes a plurality of jetting ports 198 .
- the jetting ports 198 focus a stream of fluid toward the casing 106 of the wellbore 108 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial through passage 124 .
- the direction of the stream of fluid will be affected by fluid circulation in the annulus 104 fluid pressure in the annulus 104 , as well as the geometry of the jetting port exits. While the fluid is directed toward the casing 106 , it will be appreciated by a person of skill in the art that the fluid direction will not be precisely pointed at a point on the casing, but rather a general area of the casing 106 .
- the jetting housing 196 includes a plurality of tangent jetting ports 212 , as can be seen in FIG. 3 .
- Tangent jetting ports 212 direct fluid flow in a direction substantially tangent to the flow of fluid out of the jetting ports 198 .
- fluid flow out of the tangent jetting ports 212 is affected by a variety of factors including fluid circulation in the annulus 104 fluid pressure in the annulus 104 , as well as the geometry of the tangent jetting port exits.
- the jetting housing 196 is rotationally retained on the outer housing 110 .
- tangent jetting ports 212 rotate the jetting housing 196 about the outer housing 110 .
- the jetting tool 100 When lowered downhole on the drill string, the jetting tool 100 is in a first position, as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 5 . In this position, the recess 202 of the indexing mandrel 170 is positioned inside the second outlet 128 . As depicted in FIG. 1 , the seal ring 180 is located above the second outlet 128 while the o-ring 204 is positioned below the second outlet 128 to prevent fluid communication between the through passage 176 and the annulus 104 . Returning to FIGS. 1 and 5 , fluid may continue to flow through the through passage 176 defined by the index housing 168 and the through passage 156 defined by the spring housing 152 .
- a ball 250 is dropped through the drill string and circulated until it reaches the jetting tool 100 .
- the ball 250 has a ball radius 252 , which is less than the outer housing radius 232 and greater than the landing section radius 240 , thus permitting the ball 250 to continue to circulate through the jetting tool 100 until it comes to rest atop the landing section 190 .
- the ball 250 prevents further fluid flow through the bore 238 , 156 of the index housing 168 , spring 216 , and spring housing 152 .
- the ball seat 148 and index housing 168 are pushed downward against the upward force of the spring 216 .
- the indexing groove 200 on the indexing mandrel 170 interfaces with the indexing pin 146 to direct the position of the indexing mandrel 170 within the outer housing 110 .
- the indexing groove path 262 is depicted in FIG. 4 .
- the indexing pin 146 When the jetting tool 100 is in the first position, the indexing pin 146 is located in a first groove location 260 .
- fluid pressure is increased until the ball seat 148 and indexing mandrel 170 are driven downward against the force of the spring 216 .
- the indexing pin 146 follows the indexing groove path 262 until it has reached a first groove wall 264 .
- the indexing pin 146 continues a path parallel to the first groove wall 264 until it has shouldered against second groove location 266 .
- the outer housing 110 is rotationally fixed by the drill string.
- the swivel ring 144 is rotated within the outer housing 110 as the indexing pin 146 follows the indexing groove path 262 .
- the jetting tool 100 is in a corresponding second position, shown in FIG. 6 .
- the ball 250 In the second position, the ball 250 remains seated atop the landing section 190 of the ball seat 148 .
- the indexing mandrel 170 and ball seat 148 have moved a sufficient distance downward to open the second outlet 128 , providing fluid communication from the through passage 124 to the annulus 104 . So long as the fluid flow remains sufficient to provide pressure to the ball 250 and the index housing 168 to overcome the upward force of the spring 216 , the jetting tool 100 will remain in the second position.
- the spring 216 will push the index housing 168 upward.
- the indexing pin 146 continues to follow the indexing groove path 262 and contacts a second groove wall 268 .
- the indexing pin 146 follows the incline of the second groove wall 268 to position the indexing mandrel 170 within the outer housing 110 .
- the indexing mandrel 170 continues to move upward until the indexing pin 146 shoulders against a third groove location 270 .
- the jetting tool 100 is in a corresponding third position, shown in FIG. 7 .
- the ball 250 In the third position, the ball 250 remains seated atop the landing section 190 of the ball seat 148 .
- the second outlet 128 is closed, resulting in no fluid communication from the through passage 124 to the annulus 104 and no flow through the through passage 124 to the first outlet 208 .
- the fluid pressure may be increased to cycle the indexing mandrel 170 to a fourth position, in which the indexing pin 146 is shouldered against a fourth groove location 272 longitudinally located along the indexing mandrel 170 between the second groove location 266 and the third groove location 270 . So long as the fluid pressure does not exceed a predetermined pressure sufficient to deform the ball 250 , decreasing the fluid pressure again will return the indexing mandrel 168 to the third position, wherein the indexing pin 146 is shouldered against another third groove location 270 . Increasing pressure when the ball 250 is in the third position for the second time will return the indexing mandrel 170 to a second position in which the second outlet 128 is open. This cycle may be continued until the indexing pin 146 has traversed the indexing groove path 262 any number of times.
- the ball catcher 122 includes a ball catcher sub 234 within which a ball catcher tube 236 is retained.
- a trap finger 238 is provided near the top end 242 of the ball catcher tube 236 .
- the top end 242 of the ball catcher tube 236 may be provided with slots 276 .
- the trap finger 238 is pivotally retained to the ball catcher tube 236 near the top end 242 along a pivot edge 244 .
- a torsion spring 246 biases the trap finger 238 toward a “closed” position.
- a free edge 248 is rotatable within the ball catcher sub 234 .
- the trap finger 238 has a length 254 such that the trap finger 238 free edge 248 can travel through slot 276 and is caught on an edge of the slot 276 before opening in an upward position.
- a stopper 178 may be included near the free edge 248 to aid in catching the slot edge before over-traveling.
- the ball catcher tube 236 may be sized to accommodate any number of balls 250 .
- the ball catcher tube 126 holds six balls 250 .
- the jetting tool 100 can be used to clean the inner surface of a casing and/or a blowout preventor (BOP).
- BOP blowout preventor
- the jetting tool 100 is assembled on a work string and lowered into the wellbore 108 to a location to be cleaned.
- the index housing 168 is in a first position relative to the outer housing 110 , as shown in FIG. 5 , and the second outlet 128 through the outer housing 110 is closed off by the index housing 168 .
- the ball 250 is dropped into the axial through passage 102 of the work string and is circulated through the work string until the it reaches the ball seat 148 of the jetting tool 100 .
- the ball 150 When the ball 150 reaches the ball seat 128 , it is directed to a landing section 190 where it prevents fluid from flowing through the index housing 168 and spring housing 152 as well as the lower work string tools (not shown). Fluid continues to be pumped at a predetermined rate into the through passage 102 of the work string, thereby applying pressure to the ball 250 . This pressure works against the upward force of the spring 216 . As the pressure on the ball 250 increases, the index housing 168 is lowered relative to the outer housing 110 until the index housing 168 reaches a second position, shown in FIG. 6 . When the index housing 168 is in the second position, the second outlet 128 through the outer housing 110 is open.
- the fluid that is being pumped into the axial through passage is then directed through the second outlet 128 and the jetting ports 198 at a pressure sufficient to clean the casing and/or BOP.
- the jetting tool 100 may be rotated by rotating the work string to direct fluid flow from the jetting ports 198 at a circumferential area of the casing or BOP.
- the jetting tool 100 may be raised and/or lowered by raising and/or lowering the work string to direct flow from the jetting ports 198 at a longitudinal area of the casing or BOP.
- the jetting housing 196 may be rotationally retained on the outer housing 110 and tangential jetting ports 212 utilized to rotate the jetting housing 196 to clean a circumferential area of the casing and/or BOP.
- fluid pressure through the axial through passage 124 may be reduced.
- the spring 216 pushes the index housing 168 upward relative to the outer housing 110 to a third position, shown in FIG. 7 .
- the second outlet 128 through the outer housing 110 is closed when the index housing 168 is in the third position.
- the pressure may be increased again to a predetermined pressure that is sufficient to overcome the spring force but that is insufficient to deform the ball 250 .
- the spring 216 When the ball 250 has been sheared from the ball seat 148 , the spring 216 will force the index housing 168 into another first position and the jetting tool may be re-actuated by dropping another ball 250 .
- the sheared ball 250 is circulated through the remainder of the jetting tool 100 and is caught by the ball catcher 122 .
- the ball catcher 122 will retain any sheared balls 250 previously caught in the ball catcher 122 .
- a downhole bypass valve 300 is used to selectively divert fluid that is flowing down the drill string bore 302 to the annulus 304 between the drill string and the casing 306 of a wellbore 308 .
- the bypass valve 300 includes an outer housing 310 , a spring-loaded mandrel 368 , and a cantilever-type ball seat collet assembly 410 defining a tubular assembly having an inlet 406 and a first outlet 408 .
- the coupling of the swivel housing 334 and the ported seal housing 328 provides an upper shoulder 338 at the lower end 336 of the ported seal housing 328 .
- a lower shoulder 340 formed in the swivel housing 334 , is spaced apart from the upper shoulder 336 to form an inner recess 342 within which a swivel ring 344 is retained.
- the swivel ring 344 includes at least one indexing pin 346 extending radially into the through bore 324 defined by the outer housing 310 .
- a spring housing 352 is coupled thereto. As shown more clearly in FIG. 9 , along a middle portion 350 of the swivel housing 334 , a spring housing 352 is coupled thereto. As shown more clearly in FIG.
- a lower portion 354 of the swivel housing 334 protrudes axially within a through bore 356 defined by the spring housing 352 and has a recess formation 358 in an inner surface 359 at its lower end 360 .
- the lower portion 354 of the swivel housing 334 is spaced apart from the corresponding portion of the spring housing 352 such that a small gap 362 is created.
- a spring sleeve 362 is coupled to the spring housing 352 .
- the spring sleeve 364 is included primarily to aid in the assembly and disassembly of the bypass valve 300 .
- the spring housing 352 is provided with external threads 320 at lower end 318 to couple to a lower drill string component 322 .
- the spring-loaded mandrel 368 is located within the outer housing 310 .
- the spring-loaded mandrel 368 includes an indexing mandrel 370 coupled at a lower end 372 to a shoulder sub 374 to define a mandrel through bore 376 .
- the through bore 376 has a mandrel bore radius 378 .
- a bonded seal member 380 is located above a shoulder formation 382 in the outer surface 384 of the indexing mandrel 370 .
- a retaining ring 386 may be secured to the indexing mandrel 370 such that it is spaced apart from the shoulder formation 382 to maintain the bonded seal member 380 in a position near the upper end 387 of the indexing mandrel 370 .
- the bonded seal member 380 includes a pair of resilient outer seals 388 , 390 , which seal the interface between the inner surface 392 of the ported seal housing 328 and the outer surface 394 of the bonded seal member 380 .
- An o-ring 396 seals the interface between an inner surface 398 of the bonded seal member 380 and the outer surface 384 of the indexing mandrel 370 .
- a recess 402 is formed in the outer surface 384 of the indexing mandrel 370 .
- An o-ring 404 seals the interface between the outer surface 384 of the indexing mandrel 370 and the inner surface 392 of the ported seal housing 328 below the recess 402 .
- an indexing groove 400 is formed into the outer surface 384 of the indexing mandrel 370 between the o-ring 404 and a lower end 372 of the indexing mandrel 370 .
- the indexing pin 346 coupled to the outer housing 310 , is positioned within the indexing groove 400 . The function of the indexing groove 400 and the indexing pin 346 is described in greater detail below.
- the ball seat collet assembly 410 includes a collet member 412 , a spring follower 414 and a spring 416 .
- the collet assembly 410 has limited axial mobility within the through bore 324 of the outer housing 310 .
- the spring 416 is located within the through bore 356 defined by the spring housing 352 .
- a shoulder formation 418 in the inner surface 420 of the spring housing 352 near the lower end 318 provides support to a lower end 422 of the spring 416 .
- the spring follower 414 has a lower shoulder 424 that is seated atop an upper end 426 of the spring 416 .
- the spring 416 When the bypass valve 300 is assembled, the spring 416 is lowered into the spring housing 352 and the spring follower 414 is placed atop the spring 416 .
- the swivel housing 334 couples to the spring housing 352 .
- the length of the spring 416 when loaded only with the spring follower 414 would extend beyond the lower end 360 of the lower portion 354 of the swivel housing 334 when the swivel housing 334 is coupled to the spring housing 352 .
- the spring sleeve 364 is coupled to the spring housing 352 to preload the spring 416 , through the spring follower 414 , against a lower shoulder 366 .
- the smaller size of the spring sleeve 364 makes it easier to couple to the spring housing 352 while simultaneously preloading the spring 416 .
- the larger swivel housing 334 may then be simply coupled to the spring housing 352 .
- the spring sleeve 364 retains the spring 362 and spring follower 414 within the spring housing 352 while the swivel housing 334 is removed.
- a jetting housing (not shown) may be provided around the bypass valve 300 .
- the jetting housing displaces annular space when the bypass valve 300 is to be used in a bore, such as that of a riser, having a sufficiently large inner diameter that annular fluid velocity would be lost if the bypass valve 300 were used alone.
- fluid velocity through the ports 332 into the annulus 304 may be maintained at a rate that is effective for removing debris or circulating fluid.
- the bypass valve 300 When lowered downhole on the drill string, the bypass valve 300 is in a first position, as depicted in FIG. 9 . In this position, the recess 402 of the indexing mandrel 370 is positioned inside the ports 332 . As depicted in FIG. 10 c , the outer seals 388 , 390 of the bonded seal ring 380 are located above the ports 332 while the o-ring 404 is positioned below the ports 332 to prevent fluid communication between the through bore 376 and the annulus 304 . Returning to FIG. 9 , fluid may continue to flow through the through bore 376 defined by the spring loaded mandrel 368 and the through bore 356 defined by the spring housing 352 . In the first position, the collet inner radius 440 is slightly smaller than the mandrel radius 378 (shown in FIGS. 10 c and 10 b , respectfully).
- a ball 450 is dropped through the drill string and circulated until it reaches the bypass valve 300 .
- the ball 450 has a ball radius 452 , which is less than the mandrel bore radius 378 and greater than the collet inner radius 440 , thus permitting the ball 450 to continue to circulate through the bypass valve 300 until it comes to rest atop the collet heads 434 of the collet assembly 410 .
- the ball 450 prevents further fluid flow through the bore 438 , 456 of the collet assembly 410 , spring 416 , and spring housing 352 .
- the collet assembly 410 is pushed downward against the upward force of the spring 416 .
- the increased fluid pressure within the axial through bore 376 and the lower pressure outside of the mandrel 368 causes the spring loaded mandrel 368 to move downward as well.
- the indexing groove 400 on the indexing mandrel 370 interfaces with the indexing pin 346 to direct the position of the spring loaded mandrel 368 within the outer housing 310 .
- the indexing groove path 462 is depicted in FIG. 15 .
- the indexing pin 346 When the bypass valve 300 is in the first position, the indexing pin 346 is located in a first groove location 460 .
- fluid pressure is increased until the collet assembly 410 is driven downward against the force of the spring 416 .
- the spring loaded mandrel 368 is also pushed downward by the increased fluid pressure within the axial bore 376 .
- the indexing pin 346 follows the indexing groove path 462 until it has reached a first groove wall 464 .
- the indexing pin 346 Upon contacting the first groove wall 464 , the indexing pin 346 continues a path parallel to the first groove wall 464 until it has shouldered against second groove location 466 .
- the outer housing 310 is rotationally fixed by the drill string.
- the spring loaded mandrel 368 is rotated within the outer housing 310 as the indexing pin 346 follows the indexing groove path 462 .
- the bypass valve 300 is in a corresponding second position, shown in FIG. 12 .
- the ball 450 In the second position, the ball 450 remains seated atop the collet heads 434 .
- the spring loaded mandrel 368 has moved a sufficient distance downward to open the ports 332 , providing fluid communication from the through bore 324 to the annulus 304 . So long as the fluid flow remains sufficient to provide pressure to the ball 450 and the collet assembly 410 to overcome the upward force of the spring 416 , the bypass valve 300 will remain in the second position.
- the spring 416 when the flow drops to below a predetermined flow rate corresponding to a predetermined fluid pressure, the spring 416 will push the collet assembly 410 upward.
- the collet assembly 410 in turn pushes the spring loaded mandrel 368 upward.
- the indexing pin 346 continues to follow the indexing groove path 462 and contacts a second groove wall 468 .
- the indexing pin 346 follows the incline of the second groove wall 468 to rotate the spring loaded mandrel 368 within the outer housing 310 as it continues to move upward until the indexing pin 346 shoulders against a third groove location 470 .
- the bypass valve 300 is in a corresponding third position, shown in FIG. 13 .
- the ball 450 In the third position, the ball 450 remains seated atop the collet heads 434 .
- the ports 332 remain open, providing fluid communication from the through bore 324 to the annulus 304 .
- the fluid can be reverse circulated at any desired rate. Circulation can be maintained up to a predetermined rate at which the fluid pressure would overcome the spring force once again.
- multiple batches of various fluids can be circulated, depending upon the viscosity and density of the fluids, so long as the predetermined rate is not exceeded.
- the fluid pressure may be increased to cycle the spring loaded mandrel 368 to the second position, in which the indexing pin 346 is shouldered against another second groove location 466 . Decreasing the fluid pressure again will return the spring loaded mandrel 368 to the third position, wherein the indexing pin 346 is shouldered against another third groove location 470 . This cycle may be continued until the indexing pin 346 has traversed the indexing groove path 462 to shoulder against a final third groove location 470 , corresponding to the third position.
- the fluid pressure may be increased when the indexing pin 346 is shouldered against the final third groove location 470 .
- the collet assembly 410 and mandrel 368 are driven downward against the force of the spring 416 .
- the indexing pin 346 is directed along the indexing groove path 462 until it shoulders against a final groove location 472 .
- the final groove location 472 corresponds to a fourth position of the spring loaded mandrel 368 that is farther downhole, relative to the outer housing 310 , than in the first, second, or third positions.
- the collet assembly 410 is driven downward against the force of the spring 416 until the collet heads 434 are received into corresponding recess formations 358 in the lower portion 354 of the swivel housing 334 .
- the collet inner radius 440 is enlarged such that it is larger than the ball radius 452 .
- the ball 450 is then forced downward through the bore 438 of the collet assembly 310 and the bore 356 of the spring housing 352 .
- the ball 450 will be caught in a downstream ball catcher (not shown).
- the fluid pressure counteracting the spring force is relieved and the spring 416 pushes the collet assembly 410 upward.
- the collet assembly 410 in turn pushes the spring loaded mandrel 368 upward.
- the indexing groove 400 and pin 346 interact to reposition the spring-loaded mandrel 368 in the first position in which the ports 332 are closed and from which the entire process may be performed again.
Abstract
An apparatus for cleaning a wellbore casing includes an outer housing having an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet wherein the inlet and the first outlet are adapted for connection in a work string, the outer housing having a second outlet extending in a direction generally transversely of the through passage, an index mandrel slidably located within the outer housing and having an axial bore extending therethrough, the index mandrel being movable relative to the outer housing between a first position in which the second outlet is closed and a second position in which the second outlet is open, a ball seat located on an upper end of the index mandrel, a spring located within the outer housing and biasing the index mandrel toward the first position, a ball retainable on the ball seat to prevent flow from the inlet to the first outlet, and wherein application of a first pressure on the ball forces the index mandrel against the spring into the second position and reduction of said first pressure permits return of the index mandrel to the second position.
Description
- This application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application 60/695,828 filed on Jun. 30, 2005 and entitled, “Downhole Bypass Valve” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. New matter has been added.
- A wellbore may be drilled in the earth for various purposes, such as hydrocarbon extraction, geothermal energy, or water. After a wellbore is drilled, the wellore is typically lined with casing. The casing preserves the shape of the wellore as well as provides a sealed conduit for fluid to be transported to the surface.
- In general, it is desirable to maintain a clean wellore to prevent possible complications that may occur from debris in the wellore. For example, accumulation of debris can prevent free movement of tools through the wellore during operations, as well as possibly interfere with production of hydrocarbons or damage tools. Potential debris includes cuttings produced from the drilling of the wellore, metallic debris from the various tools and components used in operations, and corrosion of the casing. Much of this debris may be removed by increasing the annular fluid velocity to bring larger particles to the surface of the wellbore.
- However, over time, the casing or liner within the wellbore becomes covered with hard deposits. These deposits must be periodically removed or they can build up to levels of thickness and hardness where they can adversely affect efficient operation of the oil well.
- Many tools operate continuously through a wellbore, for example scrapers and brushes. While it is useful to have such continuous use tools, it is often beneficial to have tools that are selectively operable when the tool has reached a preferred location in the wellbore.
- Cleaning involves spraying or jetting the inner wall of the casing with cleaning fluid at very high pressure to break up and dislodge the deposited material. A cleaning device having side jetting nozzles is lowered into the wellbore casing on the end of a drill string. Once a section of the wellbore casing has been jet cleaned, the cleaning device is withdrawn from the wellbore casing and removed from the end of the string. The drill string is then returned to the wellbore casing and cleaning fluid is run through the casing to a point below the section of the wellbore casing that was jet cleaned. The cleaning fluid circulates upward through the annulus between the wellbore casing and the drill string, carrying material dislodged during the jetting operation to the top of the wellbore casing. This operation of jetting and flushing is repeated as necessary to clean the wellbore casing of deposited material. Many cleaning and jetting tools use multiple balls to actuate and de-actuate the tool. It would be an improvement to have a cleaning tool that can be actuated and de-actuated without the need to use multiple balls.
- In one aspect, the disclosed invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning a wellbore casing including an outer housing having an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet wherein the inlet and the first outlet are adapted for connection in a work string, the outer housing having a second outlet extending in a direction generally transversely of the through passage, an index mandrel slidably located within the outer housing and having an axial bore extending therethrough, the index mandrel being movable relative to the outer housing between a first position in which the second outlet is closed and a second position in which the second outlet is open, a ball seat located on an upper end of the index mandrel, a spring located within the outer housing and biasing the index mandrel toward the first position, a ball retainable on the ball seat to prevent flow from the inlet to the first outlet, and wherein application of a first pressure on the ball forces the index mandrel against the spring into the second position and reduction of said first pressure permits return of the index mandrel to the second position.
- In another disclosed embodiment of the invention, a method of cleaning an inner surface of a casing in a wellbore includes lowering a jetting tool on a work string into the wellbore to a desired location, wherein the jetting tool has an outer housing with an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet, the outer housing also having a second outlet substantially transverse to the axial through passage, and an index housing slidingly retained within the outer housing in a first position such that the second outlet is closed, the index housing having a ball seat on an upper end and being biased toward the first position, dropping a ball into the axial through passage to rest on the ball seat, thereby preventing fluid flow between the inlet and the first outlet of the axial through passage, causing fluid pressure to force the index housing to a second position wherein the second outlet is open, circulating fluid from the axial through passage and the second outlet at a fluid pressure sufficient to clean the casing, decreasing the fluid pressure to return the index housing to the first position, increasing the fluid pressure to move the index housing to a third position wherein the second outlet is closed, and wherein the increased fluid pressure is sufficient to shear the ball from the ball seat, thereby reducing the fluid pressure on the index housing causing it to return to the first position.
- In another embodiment of the disclosed invention, a method of opening and closing an outlet through a side of a cylindrical outer housing of a jetting tool in a wellbore includes biasing the index housing to an upward position within the outer housing in which the index housing is blocking the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing, dropping a ball to seal against a ball seat located at the upper end of the index housing and block fluid flow through the jetting tool, forcing the index housing to a lower position inside the outer housing as a result of increased pressure behind the ball, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is open, reducing the fluid pressure on the ball to permit the biasing of the index housing towards the upward position, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is closed, and increasing the fluid pressure on the ball to a pressure sufficient to shear the ball through the ball seat, thereby permitting the index housing to return to the upward position.
- Other aspects and advantages of the claimed subject matter will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool. -
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool. -
FIG. 3 is a detail cross sectional view of an embodiment of a well cleaning tool. -
FIG. 4 is a layout of an embodiment of an indexing groove. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a first, run-in-hole, position. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a second, jetting, position. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a third, intermediate, position. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic of a well cleaning tool in a fourth, ball shear, position. -
FIG. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a first run in position. -
FIG. 10 a is a partial cross sectional view of the indexing pin and surrounding components. -
FIG. 10 b is a partial cross sectional view of a port and a bonded seal member. -
FIG. 10 c is a partial cross sectional view of a collet assembly. -
FIG. 11 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in the first position with the ball actuator. -
FIG. 12 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a second position. -
FIG. 13 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a third position. -
FIG. 14 is a partial cross sectional view of the downhole bypass valve in a fourth position. -
FIG. 15 is a layout of the indexing groove. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , adownhole jetting tool 100 that may be used to selectively divert fluid that is flowing down the drill string bore 102 to theannulus 104 between the drill string and thecasing 106 of awellbore 108. Thejetting tool 100 includes anouter housing 110 and a spring-loadedindex mandrel 168 defining a tubular assembly having aninlet 206 and afirst outlet 208. - The
outer housing 110 defines an axial throughpassage 124 within which theindex housing 168 is located. Theouter housing 110 has atop sub 126 provided at atop end 112, wherein thetop sub 126 includes a threadedbox 114 to couple to an upper drill string component (not shown). Thetop sub 126 has one or more radially extendingports 132 extending from the axial throughpassage 124 to theannulus 104, collectively defining asecond outlet 128. Thetop sub 126 is coupled to aswivel housing 116 for theindex housing 168 at alower end 130. The coupling of the swivel housing 134 and thetop sub 126 provides anupper shoulder 138 at thelower end 136 of thetop sub 126. Alower shoulder 140, formed in theswivel housing 116, is spaced apart from theupper shoulder 136 to form aninner recess 142 within which aswivel ring 144 is retained. Theswivel ring 144 includes at least one indexingpin 146 extending radially into the axial throughpassage 124 defined by theouter housing 110. While theswivel ring 144 is axially retained by the upper andlower shoulders swivel ring 144 is not rotationally retained to theouter housing 110. Thus, theswivel ring 144 may rotate within the confines of the upper andlower shoulders middle portion 150 of theswivel housing 116, aspring housing 152 is coupled thereto. Alower portion 154 of theswivel housing 116 protrudes axially within athrough bore 156 defined by thespring housing 152. Thelower portion 154 of theswivel housing 116 is spaced apart from the corresponding portion of thespring housing 152 such that asmall gap 162 is created. Within thissmall gap 162, aspring sleeve 162 is coupled to thespring housing 152. As will be explained below, thespring sleeve 164 is included primarily to aid in the assembly and disassembly of thejetting tool 100. Thespring housing 152 is provided withexternal threads 120 atlower end 118 to coupled to aball catcher 122 or another lower drill string component (not shown). - As previously stated, the
index housing 168 is located within theouter housing 110. Theindex housing 168 includes anindexing mandrel 170 coupled at alower end 172 to a collet blank 174 to define a mandrel throughpassage 176. The throughpassage 176 has amandrel bore radius 178. Theindexing mandrel 170 has aball seat 148 sealingly coupled at atop end 158. An o-ring 166 may be included to seal the interface between theball seat 148 and theindex mandrel 170. Other sealing means known in the art may be used. Theball seat 148 includes alower shoulder 186, which rests againsttop end 158. Afrustroconical section 188 at the top of theball seat 148 provides a guide to direct a ball 250 (theball 250 and related features are shown inFIGS. 5-8 ) through the center of the through passage. Alanding section 190 projects generally inward at the bottom 194 of theball seat 148. Thelanding section 190 projects inward a sufficient distance and angle to seat theball 250 as will be described. Theradius 240 of thelanding section 190 is thus smaller than theball radius 252. Aseal member 180 is located above ashoulder formation 182 in theouter surface 184 of theindexing mandrel 170 and below thelower shoulder 186 of theball seat 148. Below theshoulder formation 182, arecess 202 is formed in theouter surface 184 of theindexing mandrel 170. An o-ring 204 or other sealing member seals the interface between theouter surface 184 of theindexing mandrel 170 and theinner surface 192 of thetop sub 126 below therecess 202. - An
indexing groove 200 is formed into theouter surface 184 of theindexing mandrel 170 between the o-ring 204 and alower end 172 of theindexing mandrel 170. Theindexing pin 146, coupled to theouter housing 110, is positioned within theindexing groove 200. The function of theindexing groove 200 and theindexing pin 146 is described in greater detail below. - A
spring assembly 210 includes thecollet blank 174, aspring follower 214 and aspring 216. As was previously described, the collet blank 174 couples to theindex mandrel 170. Thespring 216 is located within the throughpassage 156 defined by thespring housing 152. Ashoulder formation 218 in theinner surface 220 of thespring housing 152 near thelower end 118 provides support to alower end 222 of thespring 216. Thespring follower 214 has alower shoulder 224 that is seated atop anupper end 226 of thespring 216. Thecollet blank 174 has alower end 228 that is seated atop aninner shoulder 230 of thespring follower 214 such that thelower end 228 of thecollet blank 174 is within thespring follower 214. - The
ball 250 will be used to actuate thejetting tool 100. Theball 250 will be dropped from the top of the work string and allowed to float downward through the fluid in the axial throughpassage 124 until it reaches theball seat 148. Thus, theball 250 is formed from a material having a specific gravity greater than fluid though which it will be dropped. Further, theball 250 must be made from a material that will not be degraded by the chemical composition of the fluid in axial thoughpassage 102. Also, when thejetting tool 100 no longer needs to be cycled, theball 250 can be sheared through theball seat 148 by increasing the fluid pressure through the axial throughpassage 102. Thus, theball 250 is also formed from a material that will deform under a predetermined minimum pressure. For example, in one embodiment, the ball is made from a thermoplastic polyester based on polyethylene terephthalate, such as ERTALYTE (™). - When the
jetting tool 100 is assembled, thespring 216 is lowered into thespring housing 152 and thespring follower 214 is placed atop thespring 216. Theswivel housing 116 couples to thespring housing 152. However, the length of thespring 216 when loaded only with thespring follower 214 would extend beyond the lower end 160 of thelower portion 154 of the swivel housing 134 when theswivel housing 116 is coupled to thespring housing 152. Instead of loading thespring 216 with theswivel housing 116 while coupling to thespring housing 152, thespring sleeve 164 is coupled to thespring housing 152 to preload thespring 216, through thespring follower 214, against alower shoulder 166. The smaller size of thespring sleeve 164 makes it easier to couple to thespring housing 152 while simultaneously preloading thespring 216. The larger swivel housing 134 may then be simply coupled to thespring housing 152. When disassembling thejetting tool 100, thespring sleeve 164 retains thespring 162 andspring follower 214 within thespring housing 152 while theswivel housing 116 is removed. - In one embodiment a jetting
housing 196 is provided around thebypass valve 100. The jettinghousing 196 displaces annular space when thebypass valve 100 is to be used in a bore, such as that of a riser, having a sufficiently large inner diameter that annular fluid velocity would be lost if thejetting tool 100 were used without the jettinghousing 196. By reducing the annular area, fluid velocity through thesecond outlet 132 into theannulus 104 may be maintained at a rate that is effective for removing debris or circulating fluid. Jettinghousings 196 having different outer diameters may be available and the choice of size is typically based upon the diameter of the casing to be cleaned. Referring toFIGS. 2 and 3 , the jettinghousing 196 includes a plurality of jettingports 198. When thesecond outlet 128 is open, the jettingports 198 focus a stream of fluid toward thecasing 106 of thewellbore 108 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial throughpassage 124. As the fluid exits the jettingports 198, the direction of the stream of fluid will be affected by fluid circulation in theannulus 104 fluid pressure in theannulus 104, as well as the geometry of the jetting port exits. While the fluid is directed toward thecasing 106, it will be appreciated by a person of skill in the art that the fluid direction will not be precisely pointed at a point on the casing, but rather a general area of thecasing 106. In one embodiment, the jettinghousing 196 includes a plurality oftangent jetting ports 212, as can be seen inFIG. 3 . Tangent jettingports 212 direct fluid flow in a direction substantially tangent to the flow of fluid out of the jettingports 198. As with the jettingports 198, fluid flow out of thetangent jetting ports 212 is affected by a variety of factors including fluid circulation in theannulus 104 fluid pressure in theannulus 104, as well as the geometry of the tangent jetting port exits. In one embodiment, the jettinghousing 196 is rotationally retained on theouter housing 110. In one embodiment,tangent jetting ports 212 rotate the jettinghousing 196 about theouter housing 110. - When lowered downhole on the drill string, the
jetting tool 100 is in a first position, as depicted inFIGS. 1 and 5 . In this position, therecess 202 of theindexing mandrel 170 is positioned inside thesecond outlet 128. As depicted inFIG. 1 , theseal ring 180 is located above thesecond outlet 128 while the o-ring 204 is positioned below thesecond outlet 128 to prevent fluid communication between the throughpassage 176 and theannulus 104. Returning toFIGS. 1 and 5 , fluid may continue to flow through the throughpassage 176 defined by theindex housing 168 and the throughpassage 156 defined by thespring housing 152. - Referring to
FIG. 6 , when it is desired to actuate thejetting tool 100, aball 250 is dropped through the drill string and circulated until it reaches thejetting tool 100. Theball 250 has aball radius 252, which is less than theouter housing radius 232 and greater than thelanding section radius 240, thus permitting theball 250 to continue to circulate through thejetting tool 100 until it comes to rest atop thelanding section 190. Theball 250 prevents further fluid flow through thebore index housing 168,spring 216, andspring housing 152. As the fluid pressure is increased, theball seat 148 andindex housing 168 are pushed downward against the upward force of thespring 216. Theindexing groove 200 on theindexing mandrel 170 interfaces with theindexing pin 146 to direct the position of theindexing mandrel 170 within theouter housing 110. - The
indexing groove path 262 is depicted inFIG. 4 . When thejetting tool 100 is in the first position, theindexing pin 146 is located in afirst groove location 260. Referring toFIG. 6 , after theball 250 is seated on theball seat 148, fluid pressure is increased until theball seat 148 andindexing mandrel 170 are driven downward against the force of thespring 216. As theindexing mandrel 170 moves downward within theouter housing 110, theindexing pin 146 follows theindexing groove path 262 until it has reached afirst groove wall 264. Upon contacting thefirst groove wall 264, theindexing pin 146 continues a path parallel to thefirst groove wall 264 until it has shouldered againstsecond groove location 266. Theouter housing 110 is rotationally fixed by the drill string. Theswivel ring 144 is rotated within theouter housing 110 as theindexing pin 146 follows theindexing groove path 262. When theindexing pin 146 is shouldered against thesecond groove location 266, thejetting tool 100 is in a corresponding second position, shown inFIG. 6 . - In the second position, the
ball 250 remains seated atop thelanding section 190 of theball seat 148. Theindexing mandrel 170 andball seat 148 have moved a sufficient distance downward to open thesecond outlet 128, providing fluid communication from the throughpassage 124 to theannulus 104. So long as the fluid flow remains sufficient to provide pressure to theball 250 and theindex housing 168 to overcome the upward force of thespring 216, thejetting tool 100 will remain in the second position. - Referring to
FIGS. 6 and 7 , when the flow drops to below a predetermined flow rate corresponding to a predetermined fluid pressure, thespring 216 will push theindex housing 168 upward. Theindexing pin 146 continues to follow theindexing groove path 262 and contacts asecond groove wall 268. Theindexing pin 146 follows the incline of thesecond groove wall 268 to position theindexing mandrel 170 within theouter housing 110. Theindexing mandrel 170 continues to move upward until theindexing pin 146 shoulders against athird groove location 270. When theindexing pin 146 is in thethird groove location 270, thejetting tool 100 is in a corresponding third position, shown inFIG. 7 . - In the third position, the
ball 250 remains seated atop thelanding section 190 of theball seat 148. Thesecond outlet 128 is closed, resulting in no fluid communication from the throughpassage 124 to theannulus 104 and no flow through the throughpassage 124 to thefirst outlet 208. - The fluid pressure may be increased to cycle the
indexing mandrel 170 to a fourth position, in which theindexing pin 146 is shouldered against afourth groove location 272 longitudinally located along theindexing mandrel 170 between thesecond groove location 266 and thethird groove location 270. So long as the fluid pressure does not exceed a predetermined pressure sufficient to deform theball 250, decreasing the fluid pressure again will return theindexing mandrel 168 to the third position, wherein theindexing pin 146 is shouldered against anotherthird groove location 270. Increasing pressure when theball 250 is in the third position for the second time will return theindexing mandrel 170 to a second position in which thesecond outlet 128 is open. This cycle may be continued until theindexing pin 146 has traversed theindexing groove path 262 any number of times. - When the jetting operation is completed, the
jetting tool 100 is cycled by increasing and decreasing fluid pressure on theball 250 until theindexing pin 146 is again in thefourth groove location 272. The pressure may then be increased to a predetermined pressure sufficient to shear theball 250 through thebottom 194 of theball seat 148, as shown inFIG. 8 . Theball 250 is then forced downward through the throughpassage 238 of theindex housing 168 and the throughpassage 156 of thespring housing 152. Theball 250 is caught in adownstream ball catcher 122. When theball 250 is released from theball seat 148, the fluid pressure counteracting the spring force is relieved and thespring 216 pushes theindex housing 168 and theball seat 148 upward. Theindexing groove 200 and pin 146 interact to reposition theindexing mandrel 170 in the first position in which thesecond outlet 128 is closed and from which the entire process may be performed again. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , theball catcher 122 includes aball catcher sub 234 within which aball catcher tube 236 is retained. Atrap finger 238 is provided near thetop end 242 of theball catcher tube 236. Thetop end 242 of theball catcher tube 236 may be provided withslots 276. Thetrap finger 238 is pivotally retained to theball catcher tube 236 near thetop end 242 along apivot edge 244. Atorsion spring 246 biases thetrap finger 238 toward a “closed” position. As shown inFIG. 1 , afree edge 248 is rotatable within theball catcher sub 234. Thetrap finger 238 has alength 254 such that thetrap finger 238free edge 248 can travel throughslot 276 and is caught on an edge of theslot 276 before opening in an upward position. Astopper 178 may be included near thefree edge 248 to aid in catching the slot edge before over-traveling. When theball 250 is discharged from theball seat 148, theball 250 pushes thefree edge 248 downward and enters theball tube 236. Once theball 250 has cleared thetrap finger 238, thetorsion spring 246 moves thetrap finger 238 back to the closed position. - The
ball catcher tube 236 has an outer diameter less than the inner diameter of theball catcher sub 234, defining aball catcher annulus 274. Theball catcher tube 236 is also provided with a number ofholes 258 though the wall of thetube 236 providing fluid communication from the though passage of theball catcher tube 236 to theball catcher annulus 274. If reverse circulation is desired, theholes 258 andball catcher annulus 274 allow fluid flow around anyballs 250 retained in theball catcher tube 236 and to the tools above theball catcher 122. Anyballs 150 in theball catcher tube 236 that are forced upward by the reverse circulation are retained by thetrap finger 238. Any force on thetrap finger 238 by retainedballs 250 will reinforce the force of thetorsion spring 246 in pushing thefree edge 248 against the slot edge of theball catcher tube 236, thereby preventing the loss ofballs 250 from theball catcher 122. Theball catcher tube 236 may be sized to accommodate any number ofballs 250. For example, in one embodiment, theball catcher tube 126 holds sixballs 250. - The
jetting tool 100 can be used to clean the inner surface of a casing and/or a blowout preventor (BOP). To perform a cleaning operation, thejetting tool 100 is assembled on a work string and lowered into thewellbore 108 to a location to be cleaned. Theindex housing 168 is in a first position relative to theouter housing 110, as shown inFIG. 5 , and thesecond outlet 128 through theouter housing 110 is closed off by theindex housing 168. Theball 250 is dropped into the axial throughpassage 102 of the work string and is circulated through the work string until the it reaches theball seat 148 of thejetting tool 100. When theball 150 reaches theball seat 128, it is directed to alanding section 190 where it prevents fluid from flowing through theindex housing 168 andspring housing 152 as well as the lower work string tools (not shown). Fluid continues to be pumped at a predetermined rate into the throughpassage 102 of the work string, thereby applying pressure to theball 250. This pressure works against the upward force of thespring 216. As the pressure on theball 250 increases, theindex housing 168 is lowered relative to theouter housing 110 until theindex housing 168 reaches a second position, shown inFIG. 6 . When theindex housing 168 is in the second position, thesecond outlet 128 through theouter housing 110 is open. The fluid that is being pumped into the axial through passage is then directed through thesecond outlet 128 and the jettingports 198 at a pressure sufficient to clean the casing and/or BOP. Thejetting tool 100 may be rotated by rotating the work string to direct fluid flow from the jettingports 198 at a circumferential area of the casing or BOP. Thejetting tool 100 may be raised and/or lowered by raising and/or lowering the work string to direct flow from the jettingports 198 at a longitudinal area of the casing or BOP. As previously discussed, the jettinghousing 196 may be rotationally retained on theouter housing 110 and tangential jettingports 212 utilized to rotate the jettinghousing 196 to clean a circumferential area of the casing and/or BOP. - When a location of the casing and/or BOP has been cleaned, fluid pressure through the axial through
passage 124 may be reduced. As the pressure is reduced to a pressure insufficient to overcome the spring force, thespring 216 pushes theindex housing 168 upward relative to theouter housing 110 to a third position, shown inFIG. 7 . Thesecond outlet 128 through theouter housing 110 is closed when theindex housing 168 is in the third position. - The pressure may be increased again to a predetermined pressure that is sufficient to overcome the spring force but that is insufficient to deform the
ball 250. This drives theindex housing 168 to a fourth position. From the fourth position, the fluid pressure may be decreased again so that thespring 216 forces theindex housing 168 into another first position. Increasing the pressure from this third position will force theindex housing 168 into another second position in which thesecond outlet 128 is again open and additional cleaning activities may be performed. If such additional cleaning activities are not desired, from the fourth position, the fluid pressure may be increased by an additional amount sufficient to shear theball 250 from theball seat 148. When theball 250 has been sheared from theball seat 148, thespring 216 will force theindex housing 168 into another first position and the jetting tool may be re-actuated by dropping anotherball 250. The shearedball 250 is circulated through the remainder of thejetting tool 100 and is caught by theball catcher 122. As previously discussed, if recirculation of the fluid is desired, theball catcher 122 will retain any shearedballs 250 previously caught in theball catcher 122. - Referring to
FIG. 9 , in another embodiment, adownhole bypass valve 300 is used to selectively divert fluid that is flowing down the drill string bore 302 to theannulus 304 between the drill string and thecasing 306 of awellbore 308. Thebypass valve 300 includes anouter housing 310, a spring-loadedmandrel 368, and a cantilever-type ballseat collet assembly 410 defining a tubular assembly having aninlet 406 and afirst outlet 408. - The
outer housing 310 defines an outer housing throughbore 324 within which the spring-loadedmandrel 368 and thecollet assembly 410 are located. Theouter housing 310 has atop sub 326 provided at atop end 312, wherein thetop sub 326 includes a threadedbox 314 to couple to an upperdrill string component 316. Thetop sub 326 is coupled to a portedseal housing 328 at alower end 330. The portedseal housing 328 has one or more radially extendingports 332 extending from the outer housing throughbore 324 to theannulus 304, defining a second outlet. Aswivel housing 334 is coupled to alower end 336 of the portedseal housing 328. As shown more clearly inFIG. 10 a, the coupling of theswivel housing 334 and the portedseal housing 328 provides anupper shoulder 338 at thelower end 336 of the portedseal housing 328. Alower shoulder 340, formed in theswivel housing 334, is spaced apart from theupper shoulder 336 to form aninner recess 342 within which aswivel ring 344 is retained. Theswivel ring 344 includes at least oneindexing pin 346 extending radially into the throughbore 324 defined by theouter housing 310. While theswivel ring 344 is axially retained by the upper andlower shoulders swivel ring 344 is not rotationally retained to theouter housing 310. Thus, theswivel ring 344 may rotate within the confines of the upper andlower shoulders FIG. 9 , along amiddle portion 350 of theswivel housing 334, aspring housing 352 is coupled thereto. As shown more clearly inFIG. 10 c, alower portion 354 of theswivel housing 334 protrudes axially within a throughbore 356 defined by thespring housing 352 and has arecess formation 358 in aninner surface 359 at itslower end 360. Thelower portion 354 of theswivel housing 334 is spaced apart from the corresponding portion of thespring housing 352 such that asmall gap 362 is created. Within thissmall gap 362, aspring sleeve 362 is coupled to thespring housing 352. As will be explained below, thespring sleeve 364 is included primarily to aid in the assembly and disassembly of thebypass valve 300. Returning again toFIG. 9 , thespring housing 352 is provided withexternal threads 320 atlower end 318 to couple to a lowerdrill string component 322. - As previously stated, the spring-loaded
mandrel 368 is located within theouter housing 310. The spring-loadedmandrel 368 includes anindexing mandrel 370 coupled at alower end 372 to ashoulder sub 374 to define a mandrel throughbore 376. As shown inFIG. 10 b, the throughbore 376 has amandrel bore radius 378. A bondedseal member 380 is located above ashoulder formation 382 in theouter surface 384 of theindexing mandrel 370. A retainingring 386 may be secured to theindexing mandrel 370 such that it is spaced apart from theshoulder formation 382 to maintain the bondedseal member 380 in a position near theupper end 387 of theindexing mandrel 370. The bondedseal member 380 includes a pair of resilientouter seals inner surface 392 of the portedseal housing 328 and theouter surface 394 of the bondedseal member 380. An o-ring 396 seals the interface between aninner surface 398 of the bondedseal member 380 and theouter surface 384 of theindexing mandrel 370. Below theshoulder formation 382, arecess 402 is formed in theouter surface 384 of theindexing mandrel 370. An o-ring 404 seals the interface between theouter surface 384 of theindexing mandrel 370 and theinner surface 392 of the portedseal housing 328 below therecess 402. Returning toFIG. 9 , anindexing groove 400 is formed into theouter surface 384 of theindexing mandrel 370 between the o-ring 404 and alower end 372 of theindexing mandrel 370. Theindexing pin 346, coupled to theouter housing 310, is positioned within theindexing groove 400. The function of theindexing groove 400 and theindexing pin 346 is described in greater detail below. - The ball
seat collet assembly 410 includes acollet member 412, aspring follower 414 and aspring 416. As will be described, thecollet assembly 410 has limited axial mobility within the throughbore 324 of theouter housing 310. Thespring 416 is located within the throughbore 356 defined by thespring housing 352. Ashoulder formation 418 in theinner surface 420 of thespring housing 352 near thelower end 318 provides support to alower end 422 of thespring 416. As can be seen more clearly inFIG. 10 c, thespring follower 414 has alower shoulder 424 that is seated atop anupper end 426 of thespring 416. Thecollet member 412 has alower end 428 that is seated atop anupper shoulder 430 of thespring follower 414. From the collet memberlower end 428, several cantileveredcollet arms 432 extend upward. Acollet head 434 is located at anupper end 436 of eachcollet arm 432. In the position shown inFIG. 9 , eachcollet head 434 is biased outward by the correspondingcantilevered collet arm 432 to contact theinner surface 359 of thelower portion 354 of theswivel housing 334. The collet heads 434 form a collet throughbore 438 having a colletinner radius 440. - When the
bypass valve 300 is assembled, thespring 416 is lowered into thespring housing 352 and thespring follower 414 is placed atop thespring 416. Theswivel housing 334 couples to thespring housing 352. However, the length of thespring 416 when loaded only with thespring follower 414 would extend beyond thelower end 360 of thelower portion 354 of theswivel housing 334 when theswivel housing 334 is coupled to thespring housing 352. Instead of loading thespring 416 with theswivel housing 334 while coupling to thespring housing 352, thespring sleeve 364 is coupled to thespring housing 352 to preload thespring 416, through thespring follower 414, against alower shoulder 366. The smaller size of thespring sleeve 364 makes it easier to couple to thespring housing 352 while simultaneously preloading thespring 416. Thelarger swivel housing 334 may then be simply coupled to thespring housing 352. When disassembling thebypass valve 300, thespring sleeve 364 retains thespring 362 andspring follower 414 within thespring housing 352 while theswivel housing 334 is removed. - In an alternative embodiment a jetting housing (not shown) may be provided around the
bypass valve 300. The jetting housing displaces annular space when thebypass valve 300 is to be used in a bore, such as that of a riser, having a sufficiently large inner diameter that annular fluid velocity would be lost if thebypass valve 300 were used alone. By reducing the annular area, fluid velocity through theports 332 into theannulus 304 may be maintained at a rate that is effective for removing debris or circulating fluid. - When lowered downhole on the drill string, the
bypass valve 300 is in a first position, as depicted inFIG. 9 . In this position, therecess 402 of theindexing mandrel 370 is positioned inside theports 332. As depicted inFIG. 10 c, theouter seals seal ring 380 are located above theports 332 while the o-ring 404 is positioned below theports 332 to prevent fluid communication between the throughbore 376 and theannulus 304. Returning toFIG. 9 , fluid may continue to flow through the throughbore 376 defined by the spring loadedmandrel 368 and the throughbore 356 defined by thespring housing 352. In the first position, the colletinner radius 440 is slightly smaller than the mandrel radius 378 (shown inFIGS. 10 c and 10 b, respectfully). - Referring to
FIG. 11 , when it is desired to actuate thebypass valve 300, aball 450 is dropped through the drill string and circulated until it reaches thebypass valve 300. Theball 450 has aball radius 452, which is less than themandrel bore radius 378 and greater than the colletinner radius 440, thus permitting theball 450 to continue to circulate through thebypass valve 300 until it comes to rest atop the collet heads 434 of thecollet assembly 410. Theball 450 prevents further fluid flow through thebore 438, 456 of thecollet assembly 410,spring 416, andspring housing 352. As the fluid pressure is increased, thecollet assembly 410 is pushed downward against the upward force of thespring 416. The increased fluid pressure within the axial throughbore 376 and the lower pressure outside of themandrel 368 causes the spring loadedmandrel 368 to move downward as well. Theindexing groove 400 on theindexing mandrel 370 interfaces with theindexing pin 346 to direct the position of the spring loadedmandrel 368 within theouter housing 310. - The
indexing groove path 462 is depicted inFIG. 15 . When thebypass valve 300 is in the first position, theindexing pin 346 is located in afirst groove location 460. Referring toFIGS. 12 and 15 , after theball 450 is seated on the collet heads 434, fluid pressure is increased until thecollet assembly 410 is driven downward against the force of thespring 416. The spring loadedmandrel 368 is also pushed downward by the increased fluid pressure within theaxial bore 376. As the spring loadedmandrel 368 moves downward within theouter housing 310, theindexing pin 346 follows theindexing groove path 462 until it has reached afirst groove wall 464. Upon contacting thefirst groove wall 464, theindexing pin 346 continues a path parallel to thefirst groove wall 464 until it has shouldered againstsecond groove location 466. Theouter housing 310 is rotationally fixed by the drill string. The spring loadedmandrel 368 is rotated within theouter housing 310 as theindexing pin 346 follows theindexing groove path 462. When theindexing pin 346 is shouldered against thesecond groove location 466, thebypass valve 300 is in a corresponding second position, shown inFIG. 12 . - In the second position, the
ball 450 remains seated atop the collet heads 434. The spring loadedmandrel 368 has moved a sufficient distance downward to open theports 332, providing fluid communication from the throughbore 324 to theannulus 304. So long as the fluid flow remains sufficient to provide pressure to theball 450 and thecollet assembly 410 to overcome the upward force of thespring 416, thebypass valve 300 will remain in the second position. - Referring to
FIGS. 13 and 15 , when the flow drops to below a predetermined flow rate corresponding to a predetermined fluid pressure, thespring 416 will push thecollet assembly 410 upward. Thecollet assembly 410 in turn pushes the spring loadedmandrel 368 upward. Theindexing pin 346 continues to follow theindexing groove path 462 and contacts asecond groove wall 468. Theindexing pin 346 follows the incline of thesecond groove wall 468 to rotate the spring loadedmandrel 368 within theouter housing 310 as it continues to move upward until theindexing pin 346 shoulders against athird groove location 470. When theindexing pin 346 is in thethird groove location 470, thebypass valve 300 is in a corresponding third position, shown inFIG. 13 . - In the third position, the
ball 450 remains seated atop the collet heads 434. Theports 332 remain open, providing fluid communication from the throughbore 324 to theannulus 304. In this position, the fluid can be reverse circulated at any desired rate. Circulation can be maintained up to a predetermined rate at which the fluid pressure would overcome the spring force once again. In the third position, multiple batches of various fluids can be circulated, depending upon the viscosity and density of the fluids, so long as the predetermined rate is not exceeded. - The fluid pressure may be increased to cycle the spring loaded
mandrel 368 to the second position, in which theindexing pin 346 is shouldered against anothersecond groove location 466. Decreasing the fluid pressure again will return the spring loadedmandrel 368 to the third position, wherein theindexing pin 346 is shouldered against anotherthird groove location 470. This cycle may be continued until theindexing pin 346 has traversed theindexing groove path 462 to shoulder against a finalthird groove location 470, corresponding to the third position. - Referring to
FIGS. 14 and 15 , to close thebypass valve 300, the fluid pressure may be increased when theindexing pin 346 is shouldered against the finalthird groove location 470. As previously described, as the fluid pressure is increased, thecollet assembly 410 andmandrel 368 are driven downward against the force of thespring 416. This time, however, theindexing pin 346 is directed along theindexing groove path 462 until it shoulders against afinal groove location 472. Thefinal groove location 472 corresponds to a fourth position of the spring loadedmandrel 368 that is farther downhole, relative to theouter housing 310, than in the first, second, or third positions. In the fourth position, thecollet assembly 410 is driven downward against the force of thespring 416 until the collet heads 434 are received into correspondingrecess formations 358 in thelower portion 354 of theswivel housing 334. Once the collet heads 434 spring outward into therecess formations 358, the colletinner radius 440 is enlarged such that it is larger than theball radius 452. Theball 450 is then forced downward through thebore 438 of thecollet assembly 310 and thebore 356 of thespring housing 352. Theball 450 will be caught in a downstream ball catcher (not shown). When theball 450 is released from the collet heads 434, the fluid pressure counteracting the spring force is relieved and thespring 416 pushes thecollet assembly 410 upward. Thecollet assembly 410 in turn pushes the spring loadedmandrel 368 upward. Theindexing groove 400 and pin 346 interact to reposition the spring-loadedmandrel 368 in the first position in which theports 332 are closed and from which the entire process may be performed again. - While the claimed subject matter has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the claimed subject matter as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the claimed subject matter should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (19)
1. An apparatus for cleaning a wellbore casing comprising:
an outer housing having an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet wherein the inlet and the first outlet are adapted for connection in a work string, the outer housing having a second outlet extending in a direction generally transversely of the through passage;
an index mandrel slidably located within the outer housing and having an axial bore extending therethrough, the index mandrel being movable relative to the outer housing between a first position in which the second outlet is closed and a second position in which the second outlet is open;
a ball seat located on an upper end of the index mandrel;
a spring located within the outer housing and biasing the index mandrel toward the first position;
a ball retainable on the ball seat to prevent flow from the inlet to the first outlet; and
wherein application of a first pressure on the ball forces the index mandrel against the spring into the second position and reduction of said first pressure permits return of the index mandrel to the second position.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
an indexing pin retained on an inner surface of the outer housing;
wherein the index mandrel has an indexing groove in an outer surface; and
wherein the indexing pin cooperates with the indexing groove to position the index mandrel in the first position and the second position.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the index mandrel has a third position, between the first position and the second position, in which the second outlet is closed.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a jet housing around the outer housing, the jet housing including a plurality of nozzles in fluid communication with the second outlet and positioned to direct fluid received from the second outlet in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial through passage.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the jet housing further comprises:
a plurality of nozzles in fluid communication with the second outlet and positioned to direct fluid received from the second outlet in a direction substantially tangent to the jet housing.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the jet housing is rotatable about the outer housing.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ball is deformable to be pushed through the ball seat and discharged through the first outlet.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a ball catcher sub positioned below the outer housing, the ball catcher sub comprising:
a ball catcher housing having a ball catcher axial through passage between a ball catcher inlet and a ball catcher outlet wherein the ball catcher inlet and the ball catcher outlet are adapted for connection in a work string;
a trap finger pivotally retained within the ball catcher housing, wherein the trap finger is pivotable to receive the ball when discharged from the first outlet;
a ball catcher tube retained within the ball housing and having a length and an inner diameter sufficient to hold a plurality of balls; and
wherein an annulus is formed between the ball catcher tube and the ball catcher housing sufficient for fluid to be communicated through the ball catcher sub.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the trap finger pivots downward to receive the ball within the ball catcher tube and cannot pivot upwards, thereby preventing the ball from escaping the ball catcher tube when fluid is reverse circulated through the axial through passage.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the ball catcher tube has a plurality of holes therein to communicate fluid from the ball catcher tube to the annulus.
11. A method of cleaning an inner surface of a casing in a wellbore comprising:
lowering a jetting tool on a work string into the wellbore to a desired location, wherein the jetting tool has an outer housing with an axial through passage between an inlet and a first outlet, the outer housing also having a second outlet substantially transverse to the axial through passage, and an index housing slidingly retained within the outer housing in a first position such that the second outlet is closed, the index housing having a ball seat on an upper end and being biased toward the first position;
dropping a ball into the axial through passage to rest on the ball seat, thereby preventing fluid flow between the inlet and the first outlet of the axial through passage, causing fluid pressure to force the index housing to a second position wherein the second outlet is open;
circulating fluid from the axial through passage and the second outlet at a fluid pressure sufficient to clean the casing;
decreasing the fluid pressure to return the index housing to the first position;
increasing the fluid pressure to move the index housing to a third position wherein the second outlet is closed; and
wherein the increased fluid pressure is sufficient to shear the ball from the ball seat, thereby reducing the fluid pressure on the index housing causing it to return to the first position.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
rotating the jetting tool while circulating the fluid to direct the circulating fluid circumferentially around the inner surface of the casing.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
raising and lowering the jetting tool in the wellbore while circulating the fluid to clean a longitudinal area of the inner surface of the casing.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
positioning the jetting tool within the blowout preventor; and
circulating the fluid from the axial through passage and the second outlet at a fluid pressure sufficient to clean the blowout preventor.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
catching the ball in a ball catcher located below the index housing.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
reverse circulating the fluid through the axial through passage; and
retaining the ball in the ball catcher with a trap finger during reverse circulation.
17. A method of opening and closing an outlet through a side of a cylindrical outer housing of a jetting tool in a wellbore, the method comprising:
biasing the index housing to an upward position within the outer housing in which the index housing is blocking the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing;
dropping a ball to seal against a ball seat located at the upper end of the index housing and block fluid flow through the jetting tool;
forcing the index housing to a lower position inside the outer housing as a result of increased pressure behind the ball, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is open;
reducing the fluid pressure on the ball to permit the biasing of the index housing towards the upward position, wherein the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing is closed; and
increasing the fluid pressure on the ball to a pressure sufficient to shear the ball through the ball seat, thereby permitting the index housing to return to the upward position.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the fluid pressure is increased and decreased a quantity of times to open and close the fluid outlet through the side of the outer housing before increasing the fluid pressure sufficient to shear the ball.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
dropping a second ball after shearing the first ball to seal against the ball seat and block fluid flow through the jetting tool;
repeating the forcing, repeating, and increasing steps.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/479,022 US20070017679A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | Downhole multi-action jetting tool |
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US11/479,022 US20070017679A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2006-06-30 | Downhole multi-action jetting tool |
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