US20060184176A1 - Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant - Google Patents
Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant Download PDFInfo
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- US20060184176A1 US20060184176A1 US11/348,990 US34899006A US2006184176A1 US 20060184176 A1 US20060184176 A1 US 20060184176A1 US 34899006 A US34899006 A US 34899006A US 2006184176 A1 US2006184176 A1 US 2006184176A1
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- plate
- trialing
- broaching
- assembly
- provisional
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
- A61F2/4684—Trial or dummy prostheses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/1764—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the knee
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
- A61B17/17—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires
- A61B17/1739—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A61B17/1775—Guides or aligning means for drills, mills, pins or wires specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the foot or ankle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/38—Joints for elbows or knees
- A61F2/389—Tibial components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to trialing devices used during knee replacement procedures to size and prepare a resected tibia for receiving a tibial implant and to evaluate the stability and kinematic performance of the articular surface provisional prior to implantation of the tibial implant.
- the knee is the joint between the femur and the tibia.
- the knee joint is formed of a pair of condyles located at the distal portion of the femur, a tibial plateau located at the proximal end of the tibia and shaped to mate with the pair of condyles, and a pair of menisci positioned between the tibial plateau and the condyles.
- the femur and the tibia are connected by ligaments, which provide stability to the knee.
- Such ligaments include the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the lateral collateral ligament, the medial collateral ligament, and the anterior cruciate ligament.
- Significant disease of, or trauma to, the knee may warrant replacement of the knee with a prosthetic knee (knee implant).
- a prosthetic total knee joint generally includes a femoral component and a tibial component.
- the tibial component typically includes a tibial tray or plate and a prosthetic bearing insert.
- the tibial tray often includes a stem, which extends from the bottom of the tray and is sized for insertion into the tibia.
- the bearing insert may be fixed to the tibial tray such that the bearing insert is immobile relative to the tibial tray.
- These knee implant designs are often referred to as “fixed bearing” designs.
- the bearing insert is movably fixed to the tibial tray thereby allowing the bearing insert to move relative to the tibial tray.
- These knee implant designs are typically referred to as “mobile bearing” designs.
- the surgeon first prepares the proximal end of the tibia by resecting the proximal tibia or, in the case of revision, removing the damaged tibial components prior to resecting the proximal tibia.
- a tibial sizing plate is aligned and placed on the resected tibia, and checked for size. After the proper sizing plate is selected and the optimal location is determined, the sizing plate is fixed in position on the resected tibia by inserting pins through the sizing plate and into the resected tibia.
- the pins generally have cap heads that remain extended above the surface of the sizing plate so that the pins can be extracted upon completion of the trial.
- the surgeon selects an articular surface provisional, which is modeled in shape and design after the bearing insert of the tibial component that the surgeon proposes to implant.
- the surface provisional is then engaged with the sizing plate.
- the surgeon then performs trialing procedures to test the fit and function of the articular surface provisional.
- Such trialing procedures may include measuring the flexion and extension gaps, and conducting range of motion tests, during which the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral stability and movement may be tested. These trialing procedures help the surgeon determine the proper sized bearing insert.
- the surgeon may repeat the trialing procedures with different sized provisionals until the desired results are achieved.
- a broaching plate is then positioned and carefully aligned on the resected tibia such that pin holes in the broaching plate are aligned with the pin holes created in the tibia by the mounting of the sizing plate. Once aligned, the broaching plate is pinned in place. With the broaching plate in place, a drill/broach guide is engaged with the upper surface of the broaching plate and the proximal tibia is drilled and/or broached to accommodate the tibial stem of the tibial tray.
- the present invention provides a trialing assembly for use during knee replacement procedures to prepare and size a resected tibia for receiving a tibial implant and to evaluate the stability and kinematic performance of the articular surface provisional prior to implantation of the tibial implant.
- the trialing assembly includes a broaching plate having an outer periphery substantially conforming to the resected tibia.
- the broaching plate includes a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface. The bottom and top surfaces extend substantially between the outer periphery.
- the broaching plate includes a plurality of alignment rails protruding superiorly from the top surface and extending along at least a portion of the outer periphery.
- a trialing plate is configured to removably fit atop the broaching plate between the plurality of alignment rails.
- the trialing plate has a superior surface and a boss extending superiorly from the superior surface.
- the boss is adapted to engage with an articular surface provisional.
- the trialing assembly in another form, includes a broaching plate having an outer periphery, a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface. The bottom and top surfaces extend substantially between the outer periphery.
- a trialing plate is removably disposed atop the broaching plate and overlies substantially all of the top surface.
- the trialing plate includes a boss extending superiorly from the superior surface of the trialing plate. The boss is adapted to engage with the articular surface provisional.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tibial trialing assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view of the tibial trialing assembly taken along line 1 A- 1 A of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the tibial trialing assembly fitted onto a resected tibia
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 1 fitted onto a resected tibia and cooperating with a drill and drill guide;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a disassembled tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 8 ;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the tibial trialing assembly of FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is another perspective view of the trialing plate of FIG. 10 ;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a disassembled tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the trialing assembly of FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 14 is an end view of the broaching plate of FIG. 13 ;
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the trialing assembly of FIG. 12 ;
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a provisional tibial base plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is another perspective view of the provisional tibial base plate of FIG. 16 ;
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a trialing plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a side view of the trialing plate of FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 20 is a top perspective view of a broaching plate according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a bottom perspective view of the broaching plate of FIG. 20 .
- anterior at or near the front of the body, as opposed to the back of the body
- posterior at or near the back of the body, as opposed to the front of the body
- lateral at or near the side of the body, farther from the midsagittal plane, as opposed to medial
- medial at or near the middle of the body, at or near the midsagittal plane, as opposed to lateral
- proximal toward the beginning, at or near the head of the body, as opposed to distal
- distal further from the beginning, at or near the foot of the body, as opposed to proximal
- tibial trialing assembly 10 generally includes broaching plate 12 and trialing plate 14 .
- broaching plate 12 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia.
- the outer periphery includes anterior edge 16 and opposing posterior edge 18 .
- Broaching plate 12 also includes bottom surface 22 and opposing top surface 24 . Bottom and top surfaces 22 , 24 are substantially flat and extend between anterior edge 16 and posterior edge 18 .
- broaching plate 12 is sized for placement atop a resected tibia.
- bottom surface 22 is configured for placement on, and contact with, the resected tibia.
- a portion of posterior edge 18 curves inward toward anterior edge 16 to form PCL cutout 20 .
- PCL cutout 20 is configured to accommodate the patient's posterior cruciate ligament when broaching plate 12 is placed atop the resected tibia.
- broaching plate 12 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 26 , 28 protruding superiorly from top surface 24 .
- Pair of opposing alignment rails 26 , 28 includes anterior rail 26 , which extends along a portion of anterior edge 16 .
- Posterior rail 28 extends along a portion of posterior edge 18 .
- posterior rail 28 extends along and around PCL cutout 20 of posterior edge 18 .
- Anterior rail 26 and posterior rail 28 include superior surfaces 26 a, 28 a, respectively.
- pin holes 30 extend through broaching plate 12 from top surface 24 to bottom surface 22 .
- Pin holes 30 are adapted to receive pins 36 ( FIG. 4 ) or any other fasteners including screws or nails, as further discussed below.
- Broaching plate 12 includes broach receiving opening 32 extending through broaching plate 12 .
- broach receiving opening 32 is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or a broach.
- Alignment openings 34 extend through broaching plate 12 and are adapted to receive alignment pegs 64 ( FIG. 6 ) of broach impactor and/or drill guide 60 ( FIG. 6 ), as is discussed in further detail below.
- broaching plate 12 includes anterior tabs 40 protruding anteriorly from anterior edge 16 .
- Anterior tabs 40 define openings 40 a which together with tabs 40 are adapted to engage with a handle (not shown) to facilitate the positioning of broaching plate 12 on the resected tibia, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,979, entitled Tibial Sizing Apparatus and Method filed Sep. 9, 2004, assigned to the assignee of the present application and hereby incorporated by reference.
- Broaching plate 12 further includes posterior tabs 38 extending posteriorly from posterior edge 18 .
- Posterior tabs 38 define openings 38 a, which are configured to receive drop down screws (not shown).
- Posterior tabs 38 , openings 38 a, and drop down screws cooperate, as described in the above-incorporated U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,979, to further aid in the positioning of broaching plate 12 on the resected tibia.
- Broaching plate 12 may be formed of any surgical grade rigid material.
- broaching plate 12 may be formed of cobalt chromium, stainless steel, titanium, and/or alloys thereof. Broaching plate 12 may be made available in various sizes to accommodate various sized tibias.
- trialing plate 14 includes substantially flat superior surface 42 and substantially flat, opposing inferior surface 44 .
- Head receiving openings 46 extend through trialing plate 14 from superior surface 42 to inferior surface 44 and are adapted to accommodate head 36 a of pins 36 ( FIG. 4 ), as further discussed below.
- Trialing plate 14 includes articular surface provisional engagement member or boss 48 protruding superiorly from superior surface 42 .
- boss 48 has an elliptically shaped cross-section and is configured to engage with an articular surface provisional.
- engagement member or boss 48 may have a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate engagement with various designs of surface provisionals.
- trialing plate may comprise more than one articular surface provisional engagement member or boss.
- Central bore 50 extends in the superior/inferior direction through boss 48 and trialing plate 14 . Bore 50 is adapted to allow the passage of fastener 54 ( FIG. 4 ), as further discussed below.
- Boss 48 is defined by outer perimetrical wall 51 , and includes a trialing plate removal element, which in this embodiment is in the form of groove 52 cut into wall 51 .
- trialing plate 14 may be formed of any surgical grade rigid material.
- trialing plate 14 may be formed of cobalt chromium, titanium, stainless steel and/or alloys thereof.
- trialing plate 14 is sized and configured to removably fit atop broaching plate 12 between anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 .
- trialing plate 14 When trialing plate 14 is so positioned atop broaching plate 12 , trialing plate 14 overlies substantially all of top surface 24 of broaching plate 12 .
- superior surface 42 of trialing plate 14 when trialing plate 14 is properly positioned atop broaching plate 12 , superior surface 42 of trialing plate 14 is substantially level, or flush, with superior surfaces 26 a and 28 a of respective anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 to provide a smooth surface on which the articular surface provisional can move. As shown in FIGS.
- trialing assembly when trialing plate 14 is positioned atop broaching plate 12 , inferior surface 44 of trialing plate 14 is supported on top surface 24 of broaching plate 12 such that inferior surface 44 is non-level with bottom surface 22 .
- trialing assembly when assembled, has height H extending from level superior surfaces 26 a, 28 a, 42 to bottom surface 22 .
- Height H is sized to correspond to the height of the tibial tray of the tibial implant to be installed.
- tibial trialing assembly 10 After resecting the patient's tibia T, the surgeon selects a tibial trialing assembly 10 that most closely corresponds in size to the proximal surface of tibia T. As noted above, this trialing assembly 10 will have a width equal to the tibial tray of the tibial implant the surgeon proposes to use.
- broaching plate 12 of trialing assembly 10 is placed on the resected surface of tibia T. Broaching plate 12 is then secured in position on tibia T by inserting pins 36 through pin holes 30 of broaching plate 12 and into tibia T.
- Heads 36 a of pins 36 protrude superiorly from holes 30 such that pins 36 may be easily removed later.
- trialing plate 14 is positioned atop broaching plate 12 between anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 . In this position, head receiving openings 46 of trialing plate 14 are aligned with pin holes 30 of broaching plate 12 . Protruding heads 36 a of pins 36 are received in head receiving openings 46 thereby preventing heads 36 a from interfering with the flush placement of inferior surface 44 of trialing plate 14 against top surface 24 of broaching plate 12 .
- trialing plate 14 When trialing plate 14 is properly positioned atop broaching plate 12 , trialing plate 14 overlies substantially all of top surface 24 of broaching plate 12 to provide a smooth, un-interrupted surface on which the surface provisional may articulate.
- anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 cooperate to prevent the movement of trialing plate 14 along the plane of top surface 24 in the medial/lateral and anterior/posterior directions.
- superior surface 42 of trialing plate 14 is level with superior surfaces 26 a, 28 a of respective anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 . As illustrated in FIGS.
- inferior surface 44 of trialing plate 14 is supported by top surface 24 of broaching plate 12 and, therefore, is spaced apart from bottom surface 22 of broaching plate 12 .
- Trialing plate 14 may be secured in position by driving fastener 54 through bore 50 and into resected tibia T.
- Boss 48 is configured to provide an axis of rotation for trialing articular surface provisionals modeled after mobile bearing implant designs. The surgeon may trial several different sized articular surface provisionals. Once the surgeon has completed the trialing and sizing procedures and has determined the proper size of bearing insert, trialing plate 14 is removed by engaging groove 52 of boss 48 with a tool and pulling trialing plate 14 and fastener 54 from tibia T, exposing broaching plate 12 still aligned and in place on tibia T.
- the combined height H of broaching plate 12 and trialing plate 14 is substantially equivalent to the tibial plate implant height to mimic the function of the tibial plate during trialing of a selected surface provisional.
- the combined height H need not be equivalent to the height of the tibial plate.
- the selected articular surface provisional is configured to have a height (thickness) greater than that of the articular surface implant, combined height H may be thinner than the height of the tibial plate.
- the selected articular surface provisional is configured to have a height (thickness) less than that of the articular surface implant, combined height H may be greater than the height of the tibial plate.
- the combined height of the trialing assembly and the articular surface provisional is equivalent to the combined height of the tibial plate implant and the articular surface implant.
- the surgeon can now prepare the tibia for receiving the stem of the tibial tray.
- the surgeon inserts alignment pegs 64 of drill guide 60 into alignment openings 34 .
- Drill 62 may then be driven through guide 60 , then through broach opening 32 and into tibia T to create a passage in tibia T for the acceptance of the stem of the tibial tray.
- Drill 62 and guide 60 are then removed.
- broaching plate 12 is then removed, leaving the prepared, resected tibia ready to receive the tibial tray.
- Tibial trialing assembly 110 includes broaching plate 112 and trialing plate 114 .
- Broaching plate 112 includes all of the features of broaching plate 12 ( FIG. 2 ) with the addition of augment holes 141 .
- Trialing plate 114 includes all of the features of trialing plate 14 ( FIG. 3 ) with the addition of augment holes 142 .
- Augment holes 141 and 142 are adapted to receive an alignment fastener (not shown) for attaching conventional augment provisionals to trialing assembly 110 .
- Exemplary augment provisionals that may be used with broaching plate 112 include NEXGEN® augment provisionals by Zimmer, Inc. of Warsaw, Ind.
- Tibial trialing assembly 210 includes broaching plate 212 and trialing plate 214 .
- broaching plate 212 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia.
- the outer periphery includes anterior edge 216 and posterior edge 218 .
- posterior edge 218 does not include a PCL cut out portion.
- Broaching plate 212 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 226 , 228 protruding superiorly from the top surface of broaching plate 212 .
- Pair of opposing alignment rails 226 , 228 includes anterior rail 226 , which extend along a portion of anterior edge 216 , and posterior rail 228 , which extends along a portion of posterior edge 218 .
- Pin holes 230 extend through broaching plate 212 and are adapted to receive fasteners (such as pins 36 in FIG. 4 ) for securing broaching plate 212 to the tibia.
- Broaching plate 212 also includes broach opening 232 , which is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or broach.
- trialing plate 214 is substantially flat and is sized to fit over broaching plate 212 between anterior and posterior rails 226 , 228 .
- Trialing plate 214 includes superior surface 242 and opposing inferior surface 244 .
- Pin head receiving openings 246 extend through trialing plate 214 from superior surface 242 to opposing inferior surface 244 . Openings 246 are adapted to accommodate the head of fasteners received within holes 230 of broaching plate 212 .
- Trialing plate 214 includes engagement member or boss 248 protruding superiorly from superior surface 242 .
- the boss may have a variety of shapes and sizes.
- boss 248 has a circular cross-sectional shape, thereby demonstrating at least one alternative shape.
- alignment rails could, alternatively, include any number of rails positioned at any location along the outer periphery.
- the alignment rails may include two opposing rails, one located at the medial edge of the outer periphery and the other at the lateral edge of the outer periphery.
- the alignment rails may include three rails spaced apart along the outer periphery. In fact, it is possible to have a single rail extending along a portion of the periphery enough to limit the movement of the trialing plate when mounted atop the broaching plate.
- the alignment rail or rails need not be positioned on the periphery of the plate.
- alignment rails instead using alignment members, such as pegs extending from one of the trialing plate or broaching plate and mating with alignment holes in the other of the trialing plate and broaching plate.
- the pin heads used to fix the broaching plate to the tibia could be used in conjunction with the head receiving openings in the trialing plate to align the trialing plate on the broaching plate.
- the alignment rails could be alternatively disposed on the inferior surface of the trialing plate and could engage the outer periphery of the broaching plate such that broaching plate positioned between the alignment rails of the trialing plate.
- FIGS. 12-15 illustrate an embodiment having no alignment rails.
- Tibial trialing assembly 310 includes broaching plate 312 and trialing plate 314 .
- Broaching plate 312 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includes anterior edge 316 and posterior edge 318 .
- Broaching plate 312 also includes pin holes 330 , which are adapted to receive fasteners (such as pins 36 in FIG. 4 ) for securing broaching plate 312 to the tibia.
- Broaching plate 312 also includes broach opening 332 , which is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or broach.
- Broaching plate 312 also defines a pair of peg holes 334 .
- trialing plate 314 is sized and configured to fit over broaching plate 312 and includes inferior surface 344 and opposing superior surface 342 . Boss 348 protrudes superiorly from superior surface 342 and is adapted to engage with trialing surface provisionals.
- Trialing plate 314 also include pegs 346 extending from inferior surface 344 . Pegs 346 are sized and positioned to align with and extend into peg holes 334 of broaching plate 312 when trialing plate 314 is seated on broaching plate 312 . Pegs 346 serve to maintain trialing plate's 314 position atop broaching plate 312 and to prevent trialing plate 314 from sliding off of broaching plate 312 . It should be understood that pegs 346 may be alternatively disposed on the top surface of broaching plate 312 , while peg holes 334 may be alternatively disposed in the inferior surface of trialing plate 314 .
- superior surface of the trialing plate is level with the superior surfaces of the rails.
- superior surface 42 of trialing plate 14 may be proud, or raised, with respect to superior surfaces 26 a and 28 a of anterior and posterior rails 26 , 28 to provide a smooth surface and to prevent rails 26 , 28 from interfering with the movement of the articular surface provisional.
- provisional base plate 412 is adapted to be mounted on the prepared end of the tibia after the passage has been drilled or broached into the tibia using a broaching plate as described above.
- Provisional base plate 412 includes anterior edge 416 and opposing posterior edge 418 .
- Provisional base plate 412 also includes PCL cut out 420 at posterior edge 418 .
- Provisional base plate includes opposing inferior and superior surfaces 422 , and 424 , respectively, which extend between anterior and posterior edges 416 , 418 .
- Pair of opposing alignment rails 426 , 428 protrudes superiorly from superior surface 424 .
- Pair of opposing alignment rails 426 , 428 includes anterior rail 426 , which extends along a portion of anterior edge 416 , and posterior rail 428 , which extends along a portion of posterior edge 418 .
- Notch 427 is formed in anterior rail 426 .
- Provisional base plate 412 also includes stem 430 extending inferiorly from inferior surface 422 .
- Stem 430 is configured to be received in the passage, which was created in the tibia as described above.
- Stem 430 includes central bore 434 extending concentrically therein. Bore 434 may be configured to receive a stem extension (not shown) as needed.
- bore 434 may be threaded and adapted to receive an extraction tool, such as a threaded rod or handle, for extracting provisional base plate 412 from the tibia.
- Wings or flanges 432 extend radially outward from stem 430 and serve to aid in anchoring stem 430 in the passage in the tibia.
- Provisional base plate 412 may also be equipped with a magnet operable at superior surface 424 to hold trialing plate 414 in place atop provisional base plate 412 .
- Trialing plate 414 includes superior surface 442 and opposing inferior surface 444 .
- Head receiving openings 446 extend through trialing plate 414 from superior surface 442 to inferior surface 444 .
- Boss 448 extends upwardly from superior surface 442 and, as suggested above, demonstrates yet another shape and size of the boss.
- boss 448 is curved to provide limited arc of motion of the articular surface provisional (not shown) with which boss 448 mates.
- trialing plate 414 is configured to mimic the surface of a tibial base plate of a knee implant for use in the left knee.
- trialing plate 414 could be adapted to mimic the surface of a tibial base plate of right knee implant by providing a boss having a shape of a mirror-image to that of boss 448 .
- Tab 453 extends from an anterior edge of trialing plate 414 and is configured to mate with notch 427 of provisional base plate 412 , shown in FIG. 16 .
- Trialing plate 414 is substantially flat and is sized to fit over provisional base plate 412 between anterior and posterior rails 426 , 428 , such that superior surface 442 of trialing plate 414 is substantially level with superior surfaces 426 A, 428 A of corresponding anterior posterior rails 426 , 428 .
- tab 453 is received in notch 427 to restrict movement of trialing plate 414 in the medial-lateral direction.
- Tab 453 also facilitates removal of the trialing plate from the broaching plate and provisional plate.
- Anterior and posterior rails 426 , 428 prevent movement of trialing plate 414 in the anterior-posterior direction. Once trialing plate 414 is properly positioned atop provisional base plate, an articular surface provisional (not shown) may now be engaged with boss 448 and conventional trialing and sizing procedures may be performed.
- Trialing plate 414 is adapted to also mate with broaching plate 512 , shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 .
- Broaching plate 512 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includes anterior edge 516 and opposing posterior edge 518 .
- Broaching plate 512 also includes bottom surface 522 and opposing top surface 524 . Bottom and top surfaces 522 , 524 are substantially flat and extend between anterior edge 516 and posterior edge 518 .
- Broaching plate 512 is sized for placement atop a resected tibia. Accordingly, bottom surface 522 is configured for placement on, and contact with, the resected tibia.
- PCL cutout 520 is configured to accommodate the patient's posterior cruciate ligament when broaching plate 512 is placed atop the resected tibia.
- broaching plate 512 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 526 , 528 protruding superiorly from top surface 524 .
- Pair of opposing alignment rails 526 , 528 includes anterior rail 526 , which extends along a portion of anterior edge 516 , and posterior rail 528 , which extends along a portion of posterior edge 518 .
- posterior rail 528 extends along and around PCL cutout 520 of posterior edge 518 .
- Anterior rail 526 and posterior rail 528 include superior surfaces 526 a, 528 a, respectively.
- Pin holes 530 extend through broaching plate 512 from top surface 524 to bottom surface 522 .
- Pin holes 530 are adapted to receive pins (such as pins 36 shown in FIG. 4 ) or any other fasteners including screws or nails, as further discussed below.
- Broaching plate 512 includes broach receiving opening 532 extending through broaching plate 512 .
- Broach receiving opening 532 is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or a broach.
- Broaching plate also includes notch 527 formed in anterior rail 526 .
- Broaching plate 512 and trialing plate 414 are used in a manner similar to that described above with respect to broaching plate 12 and trialing plate 14 .
- Broaching plate 512 is secured to the resected surface of the tibia by inserting pins through pin holes 530 .
- Trialing plate 414 is placed over broaching plate 512 and is positioned between rails 526 , 528 such that the heads of the pins are received in head receiving openings 446 of trialing plate 414 and tab 453 is positioned in notch 527 .
- superior surface 442 of trialing plate 414 is level with superior surfaces 526 a, 528 a of anterior and posterior rails 526 , 528 .
- the assembly of broaching plate 512 and trialing plate 414 may be used to trial an articular surface provisional in a manner similar to that described above with respect to tibial trialing assembly 10 .
Abstract
A trialing assembly for use during knee replacement procedures to determine size and position of a tibial plate implant as well as the size and thickness of the articular surface prior to implantation of the implant. The trialing assembly includes a broaching plate having a tibia engaging bottom surface adapted for placement atop a tibia and an opposite top surface, the bottom and top surfaces extending between an anterior edge and a posterior edge of the broaching plate. The broaching plate includes an anterior rail and a posterior rail protruding superiorly from the top surface and extending along the anterior and posterior edges, respectively. A trialing plate is configured to removably fit atop the broaching plate between the anterior and posterior rails. The trialing plate includes an engagement member extending from a superior surface of the trialing plate and adapted to engage with an articular surface provisional.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to provisional application Ser. No. 60/653,902, filed in the name of Kristina J. Morley et al. on Feb. 17, 2005 and entitled TIBIAL TRIALING ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF TRIALING A TIBIAL IMPLANT.
- The present invention relates to trialing devices used during knee replacement procedures to size and prepare a resected tibia for receiving a tibial implant and to evaluate the stability and kinematic performance of the articular surface provisional prior to implantation of the tibial implant.
- Generally, the knee is the joint between the femur and the tibia. The knee joint is formed of a pair of condyles located at the distal portion of the femur, a tibial plateau located at the proximal end of the tibia and shaped to mate with the pair of condyles, and a pair of menisci positioned between the tibial plateau and the condyles. The femur and the tibia are connected by ligaments, which provide stability to the knee. Such ligaments include the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), the lateral collateral ligament, the medial collateral ligament, and the anterior cruciate ligament. Significant disease of, or trauma to, the knee may warrant replacement of the knee with a prosthetic knee (knee implant).
- A prosthetic total knee joint generally includes a femoral component and a tibial component. The tibial component typically includes a tibial tray or plate and a prosthetic bearing insert. The tibial tray often includes a stem, which extends from the bottom of the tray and is sized for insertion into the tibia. In some knee implants, the bearing insert may be fixed to the tibial tray such that the bearing insert is immobile relative to the tibial tray. These knee implant designs are often referred to as “fixed bearing” designs. In other knee implants, the bearing insert is movably fixed to the tibial tray thereby allowing the bearing insert to move relative to the tibial tray. These knee implant designs are typically referred to as “mobile bearing” designs.
- During mobile bearing knee replacement surgery, the surgeon first prepares the proximal end of the tibia by resecting the proximal tibia or, in the case of revision, removing the damaged tibial components prior to resecting the proximal tibia. After the tibia is prepared, a tibial sizing plate is aligned and placed on the resected tibia, and checked for size. After the proper sizing plate is selected and the optimal location is determined, the sizing plate is fixed in position on the resected tibia by inserting pins through the sizing plate and into the resected tibia. The pins generally have cap heads that remain extended above the surface of the sizing plate so that the pins can be extracted upon completion of the trial. Next, the surgeon selects an articular surface provisional, which is modeled in shape and design after the bearing insert of the tibial component that the surgeon proposes to implant. The surface provisional is then engaged with the sizing plate. With the articular surface provisional in place, the surgeon then performs trialing procedures to test the fit and function of the articular surface provisional. Such trialing procedures may include measuring the flexion and extension gaps, and conducting range of motion tests, during which the anterior/posterior and medial/lateral stability and movement may be tested. These trialing procedures help the surgeon determine the proper sized bearing insert. The surgeon may repeat the trialing procedures with different sized provisionals until the desired results are achieved.
- Next, the surgeon removes the pins and the sizing plate. A broaching plate is then positioned and carefully aligned on the resected tibia such that pin holes in the broaching plate are aligned with the pin holes created in the tibia by the mounting of the sizing plate. Once aligned, the broaching plate is pinned in place. With the broaching plate in place, a drill/broach guide is engaged with the upper surface of the broaching plate and the proximal tibia is drilled and/or broached to accommodate the tibial stem of the tibial tray.
- There is a need for a tibial trialing device that simplifies and minimizes the steps of knee replacement surgery.
- The present invention provides a trialing assembly for use during knee replacement procedures to prepare and size a resected tibia for receiving a tibial implant and to evaluate the stability and kinematic performance of the articular surface provisional prior to implantation of the tibial implant. In one form, the trialing assembly includes a broaching plate having an outer periphery substantially conforming to the resected tibia. The broaching plate includes a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface. The bottom and top surfaces extend substantially between the outer periphery. The broaching plate includes a plurality of alignment rails protruding superiorly from the top surface and extending along at least a portion of the outer periphery. A trialing plate is configured to removably fit atop the broaching plate between the plurality of alignment rails. The trialing plate has a superior surface and a boss extending superiorly from the superior surface. The boss is adapted to engage with an articular surface provisional.
- In another form, the trialing assembly includes a broaching plate having an outer periphery, a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface. The bottom and top surfaces extend substantially between the outer periphery. A trialing plate is removably disposed atop the broaching plate and overlies substantially all of the top surface. The trialing plate includes a boss extending superiorly from the superior surface of the trialing plate. The boss is adapted to engage with the articular surface provisional.
- The above mentioned and other features and objects of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tibial trialing assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 1A is a sectional view of the tibial trialing assembly taken alongline 1A-1A ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the tibial trialing assembly fitted onto a resected tibia; -
FIG. 5 is a side view of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 1 fitted onto a resected tibia and cooperating with a drill and drill guide; -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a disassembled tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 8 ; -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the tibial trialing assembly ofFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 11 is another perspective view of the trialing plate ofFIG. 10 ; -
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a disassembled tibial trialing assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the broaching plate of the trialing assembly ofFIG. 12 ; -
FIG. 14 is an end view of the broaching plate ofFIG. 13 ; -
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the trialing plate of the trialing assembly ofFIG. 12 ; -
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a provisional tibial base plate in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 17 is another perspective view of the provisional tibial base plate ofFIG. 16 ; -
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a trialing plate according to another embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a side view of the trialing plate ofFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is a top perspective view of a broaching plate according to another embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 21 is a bottom perspective view of the broaching plate ofFIG. 20 . - Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. Although the drawings represent embodiments of the present invention, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and certain features may be exaggerated in order to better illustrate and explain the present invention. Although the exemplification set out herein illustrates embodiments of the invention, in several forms, the embodiments disclosed below are not intended to be exhaustive or to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to the precise forms disclosed.
- The present invention will now be described with reference to the attached figures. The description below may include references to the following terms: anterior (at or near the front of the body, as opposed to the back of the body); posterior (at or near the back of the body, as opposed to the front of the body); lateral (at or near the side of the body, farther from the midsagittal plane, as opposed to medial); medial (at or near the middle of the body, at or near the midsagittal plane, as opposed to lateral); proximal (toward the beginning, at or near the head of the body, as opposed to distal) and distal (further from the beginning, at or near the foot of the body, as opposed to proximal).
- Referring first to
FIG. 1 ,tibial trialing assembly 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. Trialingassembly 10 generally includes broachingplate 12 and trialingplate 14. Referring now toFIGS. 1, 1A and 2, broachingplate 12 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includesanterior edge 16 and opposingposterior edge 18.Broaching plate 12 also includesbottom surface 22 and opposingtop surface 24. Bottom andtop surfaces anterior edge 16 andposterior edge 18. As is discussed in further detail below, broachingplate 12 is sized for placement atop a resected tibia. Accordingly,bottom surface 22 is configured for placement on, and contact with, the resected tibia. In addition, a portion ofposterior edge 18 curves inward towardanterior edge 16 to formPCL cutout 20.PCL cutout 20 is configured to accommodate the patient's posterior cruciate ligament when broachingplate 12 is placed atop the resected tibia. - Referring still to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , broachingplate 12 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 26, 28 protruding superiorly fromtop surface 24. Pair of opposing alignment rails 26, 28 includesanterior rail 26, which extends along a portion ofanterior edge 16.Posterior rail 28 extends along a portion ofposterior edge 18. Particularly,posterior rail 28 extends along and aroundPCL cutout 20 ofposterior edge 18.Anterior rail 26 andposterior rail 28 includesuperior surfaces - Referring now to
FIG. 2 , pin holes 30 extend through broachingplate 12 fromtop surface 24 tobottom surface 22. Pin holes 30 are adapted to receive pins 36 (FIG. 4 ) or any other fasteners including screws or nails, as further discussed below.Broaching plate 12 includesbroach receiving opening 32 extending through broachingplate 12. As discussed in further detail below, broach receivingopening 32 is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or a broach.Alignment openings 34 extend through broachingplate 12 and are adapted to receive alignment pegs 64 (FIG. 6 ) of broach impactor and/or drill guide 60 (FIG. 6 ), as is discussed in further detail below. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , broachingplate 12 includesanterior tabs 40 protruding anteriorly fromanterior edge 16.Anterior tabs 40 defineopenings 40 a which together withtabs 40 are adapted to engage with a handle (not shown) to facilitate the positioning of broachingplate 12 on the resected tibia, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,979, entitled Tibial Sizing Apparatus and Method filed Sep. 9, 2004, assigned to the assignee of the present application and hereby incorporated by reference.Broaching plate 12 further includesposterior tabs 38 extending posteriorly fromposterior edge 18.Posterior tabs 38 defineopenings 38 a, which are configured to receive drop down screws (not shown).Posterior tabs 38,openings 38 a, and drop down screws cooperate, as described in the above-incorporated U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/938,979, to further aid in the positioning of broachingplate 12 on the resected tibia. -
Broaching plate 12 may be formed of any surgical grade rigid material. For example, broachingplate 12 may be formed of cobalt chromium, stainless steel, titanium, and/or alloys thereof.Broaching plate 12 may be made available in various sizes to accommodate various sized tibias. - Turning now to
FIGS. 1 and 3 , trialingplate 14 includes substantially flatsuperior surface 42 and substantially flat, opposinginferior surface 44.Head receiving openings 46 extend through trialingplate 14 fromsuperior surface 42 toinferior surface 44 and are adapted to accommodatehead 36 a of pins 36 (FIG. 4 ), as further discussed below. -
Trialing plate 14 includes articular surface provisional engagement member orboss 48 protruding superiorly fromsuperior surface 42. As discussed below,boss 48 has an elliptically shaped cross-section and is configured to engage with an articular surface provisional. Alternatively, engagement member orboss 48 may have a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate engagement with various designs of surface provisionals. Furthermore, trialing plate may comprise more than one articular surface provisional engagement member or boss. Central bore 50 extends in the superior/inferior direction throughboss 48 and trialingplate 14.Bore 50 is adapted to allow the passage of fastener 54 (FIG. 4 ), as further discussed below.Boss 48 is defined by outerperimetrical wall 51, and includes a trialing plate removal element, which in this embodiment is in the form ofgroove 52 cut intowall 51. Similar to broachingplate 12, trialingplate 14 may be formed of any surgical grade rigid material. For instance, trialingplate 14 may be formed of cobalt chromium, titanium, stainless steel and/or alloys thereof. - Turning now to
FIGS. 1-3 and 5, trialingplate 14 is sized and configured to removably fit atop broachingplate 12 between anterior andposterior rails plate 14 is so positioned atop broachingplate 12, trialingplate 14 overlies substantially all oftop surface 24 of broachingplate 12. In addition, as illustrated inFIGS. 1A and 5 , when trialingplate 14 is properly positioned atop broachingplate 12,superior surface 42 of trialingplate 14 is substantially level, or flush, withsuperior surfaces posterior rails FIGS. 1A and 5 , when trialingplate 14 is positioned atop broachingplate 12,inferior surface 44 of trialingplate 14 is supported ontop surface 24 of broachingplate 12 such thatinferior surface 44 is non-level withbottom surface 22. Referring specifically toFIG. 5 , when assembled, trialing assembly has height H extending from levelsuperior surfaces bottom surface 22. Height H is sized to correspond to the height of the tibial tray of the tibial implant to be installed. - Turning now to
FIG. 4 , use oftibial trialing assembly 10 will now be described. After resecting the patient's tibia T, the surgeon selects a tibial trialingassembly 10 that most closely corresponds in size to the proximal surface of tibia T. As noted above, this trialingassembly 10 will have a width equal to the tibial tray of the tibial implant the surgeon proposes to use. Next, broachingplate 12 of trialingassembly 10 is placed on the resected surface of tibiaT. Broaching plate 12 is then secured in position on tibia T by insertingpins 36 through pin holes 30 of broachingplate 12 and intotibia T. Heads 36 a ofpins 36 protrude superiorly fromholes 30 such that pins 36 may be easily removed later. Referring now toFIGS. 1, 1A and 4, once broachingplate 12 is secured to tibia T, trialingplate 14 is positioned atop broachingplate 12 between anterior andposterior rails head receiving openings 46 of trialingplate 14 are aligned withpin holes 30 of broachingplate 12. Protruding heads 36 a ofpins 36 are received inhead receiving openings 46 thereby preventingheads 36 a from interfering with the flush placement ofinferior surface 44 of trialingplate 14 againsttop surface 24 of broachingplate 12. - When trialing
plate 14 is properly positioned atop broachingplate 12, trialingplate 14 overlies substantially all oftop surface 24 of broachingplate 12 to provide a smooth, un-interrupted surface on which the surface provisional may articulate. Once trialingplate 14 is flushly positioned atop broachingplate 12, anterior andposterior rails plate 14 along the plane oftop surface 24 in the medial/lateral and anterior/posterior directions. Furthermore, as illustrated inFIGS. 1, 1A , 4 and 5, when in position atop broachingplate 12,superior surface 42 of trialingplate 14 is level withsuperior surfaces posterior rails FIGS. 1A and 5 ,inferior surface 44 of trialingplate 14 is supported bytop surface 24 of broachingplate 12 and, therefore, is spaced apart frombottom surface 22 of broachingplate 12.Trialing plate 14 may be secured in position by drivingfastener 54 throughbore 50 and into resected tibia T. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , a selected articular surface provisional (not shown) may now be engaged withboss 48 and conventional trialing and sizing procedures may be performed.Boss 48 is configured to provide an axis of rotation for trialing articular surface provisionals modeled after mobile bearing implant designs. The surgeon may trial several different sized articular surface provisionals. Once the surgeon has completed the trialing and sizing procedures and has determined the proper size of bearing insert, trialingplate 14 is removed by engaginggroove 52 ofboss 48 with a tool and pulling trialingplate 14 andfastener 54 from tibia T, exposing broachingplate 12 still aligned and in place on tibia T. The combined height H of broachingplate 12 and trialingplate 14 is substantially equivalent to the tibial plate implant height to mimic the function of the tibial plate during trialing of a selected surface provisional. However, it should be noted that in some cases the combined height H need not be equivalent to the height of the tibial plate. For instance, if the selected articular surface provisional is configured to have a height (thickness) greater than that of the articular surface implant, combined height H may be thinner than the height of the tibial plate. Conversely, if the selected articular surface provisional is configured to have a height (thickness) less than that of the articular surface implant, combined height H may be greater than the height of the tibial plate. In other words, the combined height of the trialing assembly and the articular surface provisional is equivalent to the combined height of the tibial plate implant and the articular surface implant. - Turning now to
FIG. 6 , the surgeon can now prepare the tibia for receiving the stem of the tibial tray. The surgeon inserts alignment pegs 64 ofdrill guide 60 intoalignment openings 34.Drill 62 may then be driven throughguide 60, then throughbroach opening 32 and into tibia T to create a passage in tibia T for the acceptance of the stem of the tibial tray.Drill 62 and guide 60 are then removed. Finally, broachingplate 12 is then removed, leaving the prepared, resected tibia ready to receive the tibial tray. - Turning now to
FIG. 7 , another embodiment is illustrated.Tibial trialing assembly 110 includes broachingplate 112 and trialingplate 114.Broaching plate 112 includes all of the features of broaching plate 12 (FIG. 2 ) with the addition of augmentholes 141.Trialing plate 114 includes all of the features of trialing plate 14 (FIG. 3 ) with the addition of augmentholes 142. Augmentholes assembly 110. Exemplary augment provisionals that may be used with broachingplate 112 include NEXGEN® augment provisionals by Zimmer, Inc. of Warsaw, Ind. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8-11 ,tibial trialing assembly 210 according to another embodiment is illustrated.Tibial trialing assembly 210 includes broachingplate 212 and trialingplate 214. As shown inFIGS. 8 and 9 , broachingplate 212 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includesanterior edge 216 andposterior edge 218. Unlike broachingplate 12 of trialing assembly 10 (FIG. 1 ),posterior edge 218 does not include a PCL cut out portion.Broaching plate 212 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 226, 228 protruding superiorly from the top surface of broachingplate 212. Pair of opposing alignment rails 226, 228 includesanterior rail 226, which extend along a portion ofanterior edge 216, andposterior rail 228, which extends along a portion ofposterior edge 218. Pin holes 230 extend through broachingplate 212 and are adapted to receive fasteners (such aspins 36 inFIG. 4 ) for securingbroaching plate 212 to the tibia.Broaching plate 212 also includesbroach opening 232, which is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or broach. - Turning now to
FIGS. 8, 10 and 11, trialingplate 214 is substantially flat and is sized to fit over broachingplate 212 between anterior andposterior rails Trialing plate 214 includessuperior surface 242 and opposinginferior surface 244. Pinhead receiving openings 246 extend through trialingplate 214 fromsuperior surface 242 to opposinginferior surface 244.Openings 246 are adapted to accommodate the head of fasteners received withinholes 230 of broachingplate 212.Trialing plate 214 includes engagement member orboss 248 protruding superiorly fromsuperior surface 242. As noted above, the boss may have a variety of shapes and sizes. For instance, in the present embodiment,boss 248 has a circular cross-sectional shape, thereby demonstrating at least one alternative shape. - Although the embodiments discussed above show a pair of opposing anterior and posterior rails, alignment rails could, alternatively, include any number of rails positioned at any location along the outer periphery. For instance, the alignment rails may include two opposing rails, one located at the medial edge of the outer periphery and the other at the lateral edge of the outer periphery. In another example, the alignment rails may include three rails spaced apart along the outer periphery. In fact, it is possible to have a single rail extending along a portion of the periphery enough to limit the movement of the trialing plate when mounted atop the broaching plate. Furthermore, the alignment rail or rails need not be positioned on the periphery of the plate. It is also possible to have no alignment rails, instead using alignment members, such as pegs extending from one of the trialing plate or broaching plate and mating with alignment holes in the other of the trialing plate and broaching plate. Alternatively, the pin heads used to fix the broaching plate to the tibia could be used in conjunction with the head receiving openings in the trialing plate to align the trialing plate on the broaching plate. It should also be noted that the alignment rails could be alternatively disposed on the inferior surface of the trialing plate and could engage the outer periphery of the broaching plate such that broaching plate positioned between the alignment rails of the trialing plate.
- For example,
FIGS. 12-15 illustrate an embodiment having no alignment rails.Tibial trialing assembly 310 includes broachingplate 312 and trialingplate 314.Broaching plate 312 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includesanterior edge 316 andposterior edge 318.Broaching plate 312 also includes pin holes 330, which are adapted to receive fasteners (such aspins 36 inFIG. 4 ) for securingbroaching plate 312 to the tibia.Broaching plate 312 also includesbroach opening 332, which is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or broach.Broaching plate 312 also defines a pair of peg holes 334. - Turning to
FIGS. 12 and 15 , trialingplate 314 is sized and configured to fit over broachingplate 312 and includesinferior surface 344 and opposingsuperior surface 342.Boss 348 protrudes superiorly fromsuperior surface 342 and is adapted to engage with trialing surface provisionals.Trialing plate 314 also includepegs 346 extending frominferior surface 344.Pegs 346 are sized and positioned to align with and extend intopeg holes 334 of broachingplate 312 when trialingplate 314 is seated on broachingplate 312.Pegs 346 serve to maintain trialing plate's 314 position atop broachingplate 312 and to prevent trialingplate 314 from sliding off of broachingplate 312. It should be understood that pegs 346 may be alternatively disposed on the top surface of broachingplate 312, while peg holes 334 may be alternatively disposed in the inferior surface of trialingplate 314. - Also, as shown in the embodiments described above, superior surface of the trialing plate is level with the superior surfaces of the rails. Alternatively,
superior surface 42 of trialingplate 14 may be proud, or raised, with respect tosuperior surfaces posterior rails rails - Referring to
FIGS. 16-19 ,provisional base plate 412 andcomplementary trialing plate 414 according to one embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Referring specifically toFIGS. 16 and 17 ,provisional base plate 412 according to the present invention is illustrated.Provisional base plate 412 is adapted to be mounted on the prepared end of the tibia after the passage has been drilled or broached into the tibia using a broaching plate as described above.Provisional base plate 412 includesanterior edge 416 and opposingposterior edge 418.Provisional base plate 412 also includes PCL cut out 420 atposterior edge 418. Provisional base plate includes opposing inferior andsuperior surfaces posterior edges superior surface 424. Pair of opposing alignment rails 426, 428 includesanterior rail 426, which extends along a portion ofanterior edge 416, andposterior rail 428, which extends along a portion ofposterior edge 418.Notch 427 is formed inanterior rail 426.Provisional base plate 412 also includesstem 430 extending inferiorly frominferior surface 422.Stem 430 is configured to be received in the passage, which was created in the tibia as described above.Stem 430 includescentral bore 434 extending concentrically therein.Bore 434 may be configured to receive a stem extension (not shown) as needed. Alternatively, bore 434 may be threaded and adapted to receive an extraction tool, such as a threaded rod or handle, for extractingprovisional base plate 412 from the tibia. Wings orflanges 432 extend radially outward fromstem 430 and serve to aid in anchoringstem 430 in the passage in the tibia.Provisional base plate 412 may also be equipped with a magnet operable atsuperior surface 424 to hold trialingplate 414 in place atopprovisional base plate 412. - Turning now to
FIGS. 18 and 19 , trialingplate 414 is illustrated.Trialing plate 414 includessuperior surface 442 and opposinginferior surface 444.Head receiving openings 446 extend through trialingplate 414 fromsuperior surface 442 toinferior surface 444.Boss 448 extends upwardly fromsuperior surface 442 and, as suggested above, demonstrates yet another shape and size of the boss. As illustrated inFIG. 18 ,boss 448 is curved to provide limited arc of motion of the articular surface provisional (not shown) with whichboss 448 mates. Accordingly, trialingplate 414 is configured to mimic the surface of a tibial base plate of a knee implant for use in the left knee. Alternatively, trialingplate 414 could be adapted to mimic the surface of a tibial base plate of right knee implant by providing a boss having a shape of a mirror-image to that ofboss 448. - Tab 453 (
FIG. 18 ) extends from an anterior edge of trialingplate 414 and is configured to mate withnotch 427 ofprovisional base plate 412, shown inFIG. 16 .Trialing plate 414 is substantially flat and is sized to fit overprovisional base plate 412 between anterior andposterior rails superior surface 442 of trialingplate 414 is substantially level withsuperior surfaces posterior rails plate 414 is positioned overprovisional base plate 412,tab 453 is received innotch 427 to restrict movement of trialingplate 414 in the medial-lateral direction.Tab 453 also facilitates removal of the trialing plate from the broaching plate and provisional plate. Anterior andposterior rails plate 414 in the anterior-posterior direction. Once trialingplate 414 is properly positioned atop provisional base plate, an articular surface provisional (not shown) may now be engaged withboss 448 and conventional trialing and sizing procedures may be performed. -
Trialing plate 414 is adapted to also mate with broachingplate 512, shown inFIGS. 20 and 21 .Broaching plate 512 includes an outer periphery shaped to conform to a resected tibia. The outer periphery includesanterior edge 516 and opposingposterior edge 518.Broaching plate 512 also includesbottom surface 522 and opposingtop surface 524. Bottom andtop surfaces anterior edge 516 andposterior edge 518.Broaching plate 512 is sized for placement atop a resected tibia. Accordingly,bottom surface 522 is configured for placement on, and contact with, the resected tibia. In addition, a portion ofposterior edge 518 curves inward towardanterior edge 516 to formPCL cutout 520.PCL cutout 520 is configured to accommodate the patient's posterior cruciate ligament when broachingplate 512 is placed atop the resected tibia. - Referring still to
FIGS. 20 and 21 , broachingplate 512 includes a pair of opposing alignment rails 526, 528 protruding superiorly fromtop surface 524. Pair of opposing alignment rails 526, 528 includesanterior rail 526, which extends along a portion ofanterior edge 516, andposterior rail 528, which extends along a portion ofposterior edge 518. Particularly,posterior rail 528 extends along and aroundPCL cutout 520 ofposterior edge 518.Anterior rail 526 andposterior rail 528 includesuperior surfaces plate 512 fromtop surface 524 tobottom surface 522. Pin holes 530 are adapted to receive pins (such aspins 36 shown inFIG. 4 ) or any other fasteners including screws or nails, as further discussed below.Broaching plate 512 includesbroach receiving opening 532 extending through broachingplate 512.Broach receiving opening 532 is sized and configured to allow the passage of a drill and/or a broach. Broaching plate also includesnotch 527 formed inanterior rail 526. -
Broaching plate 512 and trialingplate 414 are used in a manner similar to that described above with respect to broachingplate 12 and trialingplate 14.Broaching plate 512 is secured to the resected surface of the tibia by inserting pins through pin holes 530.Trialing plate 414 is placed over broachingplate 512 and is positioned betweenrails head receiving openings 446 of trialingplate 414 andtab 453 is positioned innotch 527. When so positioned,superior surface 442 of trialingplate 414 is level withsuperior surfaces posterior rails plate 512 and trialingplate 414 may be used to trial an articular surface provisional in a manner similar to that described above with respect totibial trialing assembly 10. - Although the embodiments shown in the drawings and discussed above are used in the sizing and trialing of knee implants, it is contemplated that the present invention could be adapted for use in sizing and trialing other implants, including elbows and ankles.
- While this invention has been described as having an exemplary design, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains.
Claims (20)
1. A trialing assembly for use during a knee replacement procedure to size and prepare a resected tibia for receiving a tibial implant and to trial an articular surface provisional, said trialing assembly comprising:
a broaching plate having an outer periphery, said broaching plate including a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface, and a plurality of alignment rails protruding from said top surface, each alignment rail extending adjacent at least a portion of said outer periphery; and
a trialing plate removably positionable atop said broaching plate between said plurality of alignment rails, said trialing plate having a superior surface and an articular surface provisional engagement member extending superiorly from said superior surface.
2. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein said plurality of alignment rails includes an anterior rail extending adjacent an anterior portion of said outer periphery and a posterior rail extending adjacent a posterior portion of said outer periphery.
3. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein said trialing plate overlies substantially all of said top surface of said broaching plate when said trialing plate is positioned atop said broaching plate.
4. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein said broaching plate includes at least one fastener hole configured for receipt of a fastener therethrough for engagement with the resected tibia.
5. The trialing assembly of claim 4 wherein said fastener includes a head, said head engaging, and extending superiorly from, said top surface of said broaching plate when said fastener is received within said at least one fastener hole, said trialing plate including at least one opening, said at least one opening aligned with said at least one fastener hole and receiving said fastener head when said trialing plate is positioned atop said broaching plate.
6. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein said engagement member includes a trialing plate removal element.
7. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of alignment rails includes an upper surface, said superior surface of said trialing plate being substantially level with said upper surface of each of said plurality of alignment rails when said trialing plate is positioned atop said broaching plate.
8. A trialing assembly for trialing an articular surface provisional prior to implantation of the tibial implant on a resected tibia, the trialing assembly comprising:
a broaching plate having an outer periphery surrounding a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface; and
a trialing plate removably disposed atop said broaching plate and overlying substantially all of said top surface, said trialing plate including an articular surface provisional engagement member extending superiorly from a superior surface of said trialing plate.
9. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein said member includes a trialing plate removal element.
10. The trialing assembly of claim 9 wherein said member includes an outer wall, and said trialing plate removal element includes a groove within said outer wall.
11. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein said broaching plate includes at least one alignment rail protruding superiorly from said top surface.
12. The trialing assembly of claim 11 wherein said at least one alignment rail includes an anterior rail extending along an anterior portion of said outer periphery and a posterior rail extending along a posterior portion of said outer periphery.
13. The trialing assembly of claim 8 further comprising a provisional base plate having a base plate periphery surrounding an upper surface and an opposite lower surface, said lower surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia, said provisional base plate having a stem projecting from said lower surface and adapted for insertion into the resected tibia, said base plate having at least one alignment rail projecting from said upper surface, said trialing plate removably positionable atop said provisional base plate and engagable with said at least one alignment rail to prevent movement of said trialing plate relative said base plate along a plane of the upper surface of said base plate.
14. The trialing assembly of claim 1 wherein one of said plurality of alignment rails includes a notch and said trialing plate includes a tab, said tab configured to be received in said notch when said trialing plate is positioned atop said broaching plate.
15. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein said trialing plate includes an inferior surface opposite said superior surface, and wherein one of said inferior surface of said trialing plate and said top surface of said broaching plate includes at least one alignment member extending outwardly therefrom, and the other of said inferior surface of said trialing plate and said top surface of said broaching plate includes at least one alignment member opening, said at least one alignment member opening receiving said at least one alignment member.
16. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein said broaching plate includes at least one fastener hole and said trialing plate includes a head receiving opening aligned with each of said at least one fastener holes.
17. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein said trialing plate includes a central bore extending through said boss and said trialing plate and configured to receive a fastener therethrough to fix said trialing plate to the resected tibia.
18. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein each of said broaching plate and trialing plate includes a plurality of augment holes each adapted to mate with an augment provisional.
19. The trialing assembly of claim 8 wherein one of said trialing plate and said broaching plate includes at least one alignment rail, said at least one alignment rail engaging the other of said trialing plate and said broaching plate to restrict movement of said trialing plate relative said broaching plate along a plane of said top surface.
20. A trialing assembly for trialing an articular surface provisional, the trialing assembly comprising:
a broaching plate having a bottom surface adapted for placement atop the resected tibia and an opposite top surface; and
a trialing plate removably disposed atop said broaching plate and overlying substantially all of said top surface, said trialing plate having an inferior surface adapted for placement atop said top surface and an opposite superior surface, said trialing plate including an engagement member extending superiorly from said superior surface, said engagement member adapted to engage with said surface provisional,
wherein one of said broaching plate and said trialing plate including at least one peg opening, the other of said broaching plate and said trialing plate includes at least one peg extending therefrom, said at least one peg received within said at least one peg opening.
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/348,990 US20060184176A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-07 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
US12/542,273 US7850698B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-17 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
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US65390205P | 2005-02-17 | 2005-02-17 | |
US11/348,990 US20060184176A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2006-02-07 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
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US12/542,273 Division US7850698B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-17 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
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US12/542,273 Active US7850698B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-17 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
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US12/542,273 Active US7850698B2 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2009-08-17 | Tibial trialing assembly and method of trialing a tibial implant |
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US20100010635A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
WO2006088684A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
US7850698B2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
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