US20060127898A1 - Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium - Google Patents

Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20060127898A1
US20060127898A1 US10/509,781 US50978103A US2006127898A1 US 20060127898 A1 US20060127898 A1 US 20060127898A1 US 50978103 A US50978103 A US 50978103A US 2006127898 A1 US2006127898 A1 US 2006127898A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
medium
agent
sensor
sensor according
analyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/509,781
Inventor
Christopher Lowe
Colin Davidson
Jeffrey Blyth
Satyamoorthy Kabilan
Alexander Marshall
Blanca Madrigal Gonzalez
Anthony James
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cambridge Enterprise Ltd
Smart Holograms Ltd
Original Assignee
Smart Holograms Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Smart Holograms Ltd filed Critical Smart Holograms Ltd
Assigned to SMART HOLOGRAMS LIMITED reassignment SMART HOLOGRAMS LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KABILAN, SATYAMOORTHY, MARSHALL, ALEXANDER JAMES, GONZALEZ, BLANCA MADRIGAL, DAVIDSON, COLIN ALEXANDER BENNETT, BLYTH, JEFFREY, LOWE, CHRISTOPHER ROBIN, JAMES, ANTHONY PETER
Publication of US20060127898A1 publication Critical patent/US20060127898A1/en
Assigned to CAMBRIDGE ENTERPRISE LTD reassignment CAMBRIDGE ENTERPRISE LTD CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY TECHNICAL SERVICES LTD
Priority to US12/340,104 priority Critical patent/US8241819B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4788—Diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
    • G03H2001/0033—Adaptation of holography to specific applications in hologrammetry for measuring or analysing
    • G03H2001/0044—Adaptation of holography to specific applications in hologrammetry for measuring or analysing holographic fringes deformations; holographic sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
    • G03H2250/44—Colour tuning layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
    • G03H2270/53—Recording material dispersed into porous substrate

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a sensor based on a sensitive element which is a hologram.
  • WO-A-9526499 discloses a holographic sensor, based on a volume hologram.
  • This sensor comprises an analyte-sensitive matrix having an optical transducing structure disposed throughout its volume. Because of this physical arrangement of the transducer, the optical signal generated by the sensor is very sensitive to volume changes or structural rearrangements taking place in the analyte-sensitive matrix as a result of interaction or reaction with the analyte.
  • WO-A-9963408 An alternative method of production for a holographic sensor is disclosed in WO-A-9963408.
  • a sequential treatment technique is used, wherein the polymer film is made first and sensitive silver halide particles are added subsequently. These particles are introduced by diffusing soluble salts into the polymer matrix where they react to form an insoluble light-sensitive precipitate. The holographic image is then recorded.
  • An aspect of the invention is a sensor for the detection of an analyte, which comprises a holographic element.
  • the element comprises a hologram disposed throughout the volume of a support medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the hologram changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium.
  • the medium is obtainable by formation in situ, preferably by the polymerisation of monomers in the presence of a pore-forming agent. Though present and active in the polymerisation process, the agent is not present in the sensor and/or does not react with the analyte or the sensor.
  • the agent may be a gas, liquid or solid; a solid may be extracted to produce pores.
  • a holographic sensor generally comprises a holographic support medium and, disposed throughout the volume of the medium, a hologram.
  • the support medium interacts with an analyte resulting in a variation of a physical property of the medium.
  • This variation induces a change in an optical characteristic of the holographic element, such as its polarisability, reflectance, refractance or absorbance. If any change occurs whilst the hologram is being replayed by incident broad band, non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, then a colour or intensity change, for example, may be observed.
  • the physical property that varies is preferably the size of the holographic element. This may be achieved by incorporating specific groups into the support matrix, wherein these groups undergo a conformational change upon interaction with the analyte, and cause an expansion or contraction of the support medium.
  • a group is preferably the specific binding conjugate of an analyte species. Another method would be to change the active water content of the support medium.
  • a holographic sensor may be used for detection of a variety of analytes, simply by modifying the composition of the support medium.
  • the medium preferably comprises a polymer matrix the composition of which must be optimised to obtain a high quality film, i.e. a film having a uniform matrix in which holographic fringes can be formed.
  • the matrix is preferably formed from the copolymerisation of (meth)acrylamide and/or (meth)acrylate-derived monomers, and may be cross-linked.
  • the monomer HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • PolyHEMA is a versatile support material since it is swellable, hydrophilic and widely biocompatible.
  • holographic support media examples include gelatin, K-carageenan, agar, agarose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sol-gels (as broadly classified), hydro-gels (as broadly classified), and acrylates.
  • Further materials are polysaccharides, proteins and proteinaceous materials, oligonucleotides, RNA, DNA, cellulose, cellulose acetate, siloxanes, polyamides, polyimides and polyacrylamides.
  • Gelatin is a standard matrix material for supporting photosensitive species, such as silver halide grains. Gelatin can also be photo-cross-linked by chromium III ions, between carboxyl groups on gel strands.
  • the analyte When the analyte is relatively large in relation to the dimensions of the pores in the polymer matrix and/or the polymer has little or no associated porosity, diffusion of the analyte into and throughout the matrix is inhibited. Thus the sensor may become slower to respond to changes in analyte concentration.
  • a sensor of the invention comprises a holographic support medium, which may be formed by the polymerisation of monomers or comonomers in the presence of an agent which produces a porous polymer matrix.
  • the agent may be optimally selected for producing pores of a specific dimension. This is particularly relevant when the analyte is sterically bulky, e.g. large biological molecules such as haemoglobin.
  • the pore-forming agent or porogen may be a liquid, gas or solid, e.g. of particles such as bicarbonate, carbonate or PVC.
  • solid particles When solid particles are used, they are preferably insoluble in the polymerisation mixture, such that post-polymerisation they are still present in the matrix, from which they can subsequently be removed by reaction (e.g. acid), dissolution or rinsing.
  • reaction e.g. acid
  • dissolution or rinsing e.g. acid
  • a pore-producing agent is water.
  • a monomer mixture such as HEMA monomers
  • small pockets may be produced during the polymerisation process, resulting in a more porous polymer matrix.
  • the agent may be a non-solvent for the polymer.
  • a salt which can be present in high concentration during polymerisation.
  • a metal alginate could be used, and removed by washing with EDTA/acid (to take out the metal) followed by dissolution.
  • a protein or liquid may be removed enzymatically.
  • the agent may also be removed by physical methods, e.g. laser irradiation or ablation.
  • a UV absorber could be heated locally, using local differences in temperature to cause pore formation.
  • the agent may be a gas, which could be generated in situ. Electrolysis or physical movement may stimulate gas formation in a suitable system. If the matrix incorporates a solvent saturated with gas, removal of the solvent will generate bubbles. Bubble formation may be stabilised by the presence of a surfactant such as Pluronic.
  • a polymer matrix was formed by polymerisation of HEMA monomers in water and 4% methanol (w/v).
  • a polymer was made by polymerisation of HEMA monomers in isopropanol.
  • each polymer was soaked for 2 hours in 50 mg/ml haemoglobin, and the respective absorption spectra were determined, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the absorption spectrum of a control solution of 0.25 mg/ml of haemoglobin is also shown for comparison.
  • a pair of holographic polymer matrices were produced, each having a monomer composition of 70% HEMA, 20% ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 10% methacrylic acid (MAA).
  • One of the polymers was produced by polymerisation of the monomers in propanol; the other in water and 8% methanol (w/v). Holographic recording material was then disposed on each support, and the holograms recorded.
  • the developed holograms were immersed in an analyte sample.
  • the response times to increasing analyte concentration are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the presence of water in the polymerisation mixture produced a microporous polymer structure, resulting in a more responsive holographic sensor.

Abstract

A sensor for the detection of an analyte, comprising a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the hologram changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, wherein the medium is obtainable by formation in situ in the presence of a pore-forming agent, wherein the agent is not present in the sensor or does not react with the analyte and the sensor.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to a sensor based on a sensitive element which is a hologram.
    • BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
  • WO-A-9526499 discloses a holographic sensor, based on a volume hologram. This sensor comprises an analyte-sensitive matrix having an optical transducing structure disposed throughout its volume. Because of this physical arrangement of the transducer, the optical signal generated by the sensor is very sensitive to volume changes or structural rearrangements taking place in the analyte-sensitive matrix as a result of interaction or reaction with the analyte.
  • An alternative method of production for a holographic sensor is disclosed in WO-A-9963408. A sequential treatment technique is used, wherein the polymer film is made first and sensitive silver halide particles are added subsequently. These particles are introduced by diffusing soluble salts into the polymer matrix where they react to form an insoluble light-sensitive precipitate. The holographic image is then recorded.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An aspect of the invention is a sensor for the detection of an analyte, which comprises a holographic element. The element comprises a hologram disposed throughout the volume of a support medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the hologram changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium. The medium is obtainable by formation in situ, preferably by the polymerisation of monomers in the presence of a pore-forming agent. Though present and active in the polymerisation process, the agent is not present in the sensor and/or does not react with the analyte or the sensor. The agent may be a gas, liquid or solid; a solid may be extracted to produce pores.
  • The formation of additional and/or larger pores in the matrix allows greater diffusion of the analyte throughout the support medium, thus making the sensor more responsive to changes in analyte concentration.
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • A holographic sensor generally comprises a holographic support medium and, disposed throughout the volume of the medium, a hologram. The support medium interacts with an analyte resulting in a variation of a physical property of the medium. This variation induces a change in an optical characteristic of the holographic element, such as its polarisability, reflectance, refractance or absorbance. If any change occurs whilst the hologram is being replayed by incident broad band, non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, then a colour or intensity change, for example, may be observed.
  • There are a number of basic ways to change a physical property, and thus vary an optical characteristic. The physical property that varies is preferably the size of the holographic element. This may be achieved by incorporating specific groups into the support matrix, wherein these groups undergo a conformational change upon interaction with the analyte, and cause an expansion or contraction of the support medium. A group is preferably the specific binding conjugate of an analyte species. Another method would be to change the active water content of the support medium.
  • A holographic sensor may be used for detection of a variety of analytes, simply by modifying the composition of the support medium. The medium preferably comprises a polymer matrix the composition of which must be optimised to obtain a high quality film, i.e. a film having a uniform matrix in which holographic fringes can be formed. The matrix is preferably formed from the copolymerisation of (meth)acrylamide and/or (meth)acrylate-derived monomers, and may be cross-linked. In particular, the monomer HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is readily polymerisable and cross-linkable. PolyHEMA is a versatile support material since it is swellable, hydrophilic and widely biocompatible.
  • Other examples of holographic support media are gelatin, K-carageenan, agar, agarose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sol-gels (as broadly classified), hydro-gels (as broadly classified), and acrylates. Further materials are polysaccharides, proteins and proteinaceous materials, oligonucleotides, RNA, DNA, cellulose, cellulose acetate, siloxanes, polyamides, polyimides and polyacrylamides. Gelatin is a standard matrix material for supporting photosensitive species, such as silver halide grains. Gelatin can also be photo-cross-linked by chromium III ions, between carboxyl groups on gel strands.
  • When the analyte is relatively large in relation to the dimensions of the pores in the polymer matrix and/or the polymer has little or no associated porosity, diffusion of the analyte into and throughout the matrix is inhibited. Thus the sensor may become slower to respond to changes in analyte concentration.
  • A sensor of the invention comprises a holographic support medium, which may be formed by the polymerisation of monomers or comonomers in the presence of an agent which produces a porous polymer matrix. The agent may be optimally selected for producing pores of a specific dimension. This is particularly relevant when the analyte is sterically bulky, e.g. large biological molecules such as haemoglobin.
  • The pore-forming agent or porogen may be a liquid, gas or solid, e.g. of particles such as bicarbonate, carbonate or PVC. When solid particles are used, they are preferably insoluble in the polymerisation mixture, such that post-polymerisation they are still present in the matrix, from which they can subsequently be removed by reaction (e.g. acid), dissolution or rinsing. When the agent is a gas, this may be bubbled through the polymerisation mixture.
  • An example of a pore-producing agent is water. By incorporating water into a monomer mixture, such as HEMA monomers, small pockets may be produced during the polymerisation process, resulting in a more porous polymer matrix.
  • For example, the agent may be a non-solvent for the polymer. Another example is a salt which can be present in high concentration during polymerisation. A metal alginate could be used, and removed by washing with EDTA/acid (to take out the metal) followed by dissolution. A protein or liquid may be removed enzymatically. The agent may also be removed by physical methods, e.g. laser irradiation or ablation. A UV absorber could be heated locally, using local differences in temperature to cause pore formation.
  • The agent may be a gas, which could be generated in situ. Electrolysis or physical movement may stimulate gas formation in a suitable system. If the matrix incorporates a solvent saturated with gas, removal of the solvent will generate bubbles. Bubble formation may be stabilised by the presence of a surfactant such as Pluronic.
  • The following Examples illustrate the invention.
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • A polymer matrix was formed by polymerisation of HEMA monomers in water and 4% methanol (w/v). For reference, a polymer was made by polymerisation of HEMA monomers in isopropanol. Upon formation, each polymer was soaked for 2 hours in 50 mg/ml haemoglobin, and the respective absorption spectra were determined, as shown in FIG. 1. The absorption spectrum of a control solution of 0.25 mg/ml of haemoglobin is also shown for comparison.
  • The presence of water in the polymerisation mixture resulted in a more porous polymer matrix. As shown in the absorption spectra, the increased porosity of the matrix allows greater diffusion of the relatively large haemoglobin molecules, producing an absorption correlating more closely to that of the haemoglobin solution.
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • A pair of holographic polymer matrices were produced, each having a monomer composition of 70% HEMA, 20% ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 10% methacrylic acid (MAA). One of the polymers was produced by polymerisation of the monomers in propanol; the other in water and 8% methanol (w/v). Holographic recording material was then disposed on each support, and the holograms recorded.
  • The developed holograms were immersed in an analyte sample. The response times to increasing analyte concentration are shown in FIG. 2. The presence of water in the polymerisation mixture produced a microporous polymer structure, resulting in a more responsive holographic sensor.

Claims (9)

1. A sensor for the detection of an analyte, which comprises a holographic element comprising a medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, wherein an optical characteristic of the hologram changes as a result of a variation of a physical property occurring throughout the volume of the medium, wherein the medium is obtainable by formation in situ in the presence of a pore-forming agent, wherein the agent is not present in the sensor or does not react with the analyte and the sensor.
2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the physical property is the size of the medium.
3. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the optical characteristic is the reflectance, refractance or absorbance of the holographic element.
4. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the agent is a gas.
5. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the agent is a liquid.
6. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the agent is water.
7. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the agent is a solid obtainable by extraction of the agent after the formation.
8. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the medium is a polymer obtainable by the polymerization of monomers in situ.
9. The sensor according to claim 8, wherein the monomers include hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
US10/509,781 2002-04-05 2003-04-04 Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium Abandoned US20060127898A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/340,104 US8241819B2 (en) 2002-04-05 2008-12-19 Method for forming a volume holographic sensor in a porous medium

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0207943.2 2002-04-05
GBGB0207943.2A GB0207943D0 (en) 2002-04-05 2002-04-05 Sensors and their production
PCT/GB2003/001488 WO2003087789A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-04-04 Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2003/001488 A-371-Of-International WO2003087789A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-04-04 Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/340,104 Division US8241819B2 (en) 2002-04-05 2008-12-19 Method for forming a volume holographic sensor in a porous medium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20060127898A1 true US20060127898A1 (en) 2006-06-15

Family

ID=9934352

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/509,781 Abandoned US20060127898A1 (en) 2002-04-05 2003-04-04 Holographic sensor based on a volume hologram in a porous medium
US12/340,104 Expired - Fee Related US8241819B2 (en) 2002-04-05 2008-12-19 Method for forming a volume holographic sensor in a porous medium

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/340,104 Expired - Fee Related US8241819B2 (en) 2002-04-05 2008-12-19 Method for forming a volume holographic sensor in a porous medium

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20060127898A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1493018B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4102310B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20050003347A (en)
CN (1) CN1659430A (en)
AT (1) ATE493641T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003224254B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2481474A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60335532D1 (en)
GB (1) GB0207943D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2003087789A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010502978A (en) * 2006-09-08 2010-01-28 スマート ホログラムズ リミテッド Specimen detection method

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7998412B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2011-08-16 Smart Holograms Limited Ophthalmic device comprising a holographic sensor
GB0517447D0 (en) 2005-08-25 2005-10-05 Smart Holograms Ltd Use of holographic sensor
GB0520116D0 (en) * 2005-10-03 2005-11-09 Smart Holograms Ltd Use of holographic sensors
US8920857B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2014-12-30 Michael T. Abramson System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
US9285352B2 (en) 2010-12-22 2016-03-15 Drinksavvy, Inc. System and method for detection of a contaminated beverage
WO2013078306A1 (en) 2011-11-23 2013-05-30 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Tight gas stimulation by in-situ nitrogen generation
CA2997969C (en) 2012-01-17 2019-12-03 Mohammed Nasser Al-Dahlan Non-acidic-exothermic sandstone stimulation fluids
WO2013181229A2 (en) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Enhanced oil recovery by in-situ steam generation
US9750445B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2017-09-05 Verily Life Sciences Llc Porous polymeric formulation prepared using porogens
US9828620B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2017-11-28 Verily Life Sciences Llc Porous polymeric formulation prepared using monomer
US9855359B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2018-01-02 Verily Life Sciences Llc Analyte sensors with ethylene oxide immunity
US9834805B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-12-05 Verily Life Sciences Llc Two-layer analyte sensor
US9739746B1 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-08-22 Google Inc. Analyte sensor incorporating negatively charged moieties
US10308862B2 (en) 2014-04-17 2019-06-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Compositions and methods for enhanced fracture cleanup using redox treatment
WO2015161213A1 (en) 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Chemically-induced pulsed fracturing method
EP3132000B1 (en) 2014-04-17 2021-12-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method for enhanced fracture cleanup using redox treatment
US10053614B2 (en) 2014-04-17 2018-08-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Compositions for enhanced fracture cleanup using redox treatment
CN104804131A (en) * 2015-04-20 2015-07-29 天津理工大学 Photopolymer with stimulate response capability and preparation method thereof
EP3371411B1 (en) 2015-11-05 2021-02-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Methods and apparatus for spatially-oriented chemically-induced pulsed fracturing in reservoirs
DK3377878T3 (en) 2015-11-18 2020-03-02 Radiometer Medical Aps OPTICAL SENSOR FOR DETECTING FREE HEMOGLOBIN IN A WHOLE BLOOD TEST
US11106131B2 (en) * 2016-08-31 2021-08-31 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Click-chemistry compatible structures, click-chemistry functionalized structures, and materials and methods for making the same
US10732502B2 (en) 2016-08-31 2020-08-04 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Click-chemistry compatible structures, click-chemistry functionalized structures, and materials and methods for making the same
US11739616B1 (en) 2022-06-02 2023-08-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Forming perforation tunnels in a subterranean formation

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4742086A (en) * 1985-11-02 1988-05-03 Lion Corporation Process for manufacturing porous polymer
US4753717A (en) * 1985-03-25 1988-06-28 Kanebo Ltd. Porous article having open pores prepared from aromatic condensation polymer and use thereof
US4842968A (en) * 1984-12-14 1989-06-27 Sony Corporation Hologram recording medium
US5352582A (en) * 1993-10-28 1994-10-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Holographic based bio-assay
US5989923A (en) * 1994-03-28 1999-11-23 Btg International Limited Hologram containing sensor
US6239224B1 (en) * 1997-10-10 2001-05-29 Polymer Systems As Method of production of particulate polymers
US6461873B1 (en) * 1999-03-18 2002-10-08 Daniel Catania Caffeine detector
US6528167B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2003-03-04 Waters Investments Limited Porous hybrid particles with organic groups removed from the surface
US6689316B1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2004-02-10 Cambridge University Technical Services, Ltd. Holographic sensors and their production

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3027336A (en) * 1957-03-09 1962-03-27 Roehm & Haas Gmbh Porous, hydrophilic acrylic resin structure and method for preparing same
US4588664A (en) * 1983-08-24 1986-05-13 Polaroid Corporation Photopolymerizable compositions used in holograms
JPH0620123B2 (en) * 1985-03-25 1994-03-16 鐘紡株式会社 Porous organic semiconductor
SU1255450A1 (en) * 1985-04-18 1986-09-07 Казанский инженерно-строительный институт Device for making porous articles
JPS62106902A (en) * 1985-11-02 1987-05-18 Lion Corp Production of porous polymer
US4970129A (en) * 1986-12-19 1990-11-13 Polaroid Corporation Holograms
JP2584261B2 (en) * 1987-12-07 1997-02-26 株式会社ジェイ・エム・エス Hemoglobin adsorbent
US5198912A (en) * 1990-01-12 1993-03-30 Polaroid Corporation Volume phase hologram with liquid crystal in microvoids between fringes
JP2001098102A (en) * 1999-09-28 2001-04-10 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Method for producing porous body of resin
US6399295B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2002-06-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Use of wicking agent to eliminate wash steps for optical diffraction-based biosensors
US6303290B1 (en) * 2000-09-13 2001-10-16 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Encapsulation of biomaterials in porous glass-like matrices prepared via an aqueous colloidal sol-gel process
US7619739B1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2009-11-17 Science Applications International Corporation Detection and identification of biological agents using Bragg filters

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4842968A (en) * 1984-12-14 1989-06-27 Sony Corporation Hologram recording medium
US4753717A (en) * 1985-03-25 1988-06-28 Kanebo Ltd. Porous article having open pores prepared from aromatic condensation polymer and use thereof
US4742086A (en) * 1985-11-02 1988-05-03 Lion Corporation Process for manufacturing porous polymer
US5352582A (en) * 1993-10-28 1994-10-04 Hewlett-Packard Company Holographic based bio-assay
US5989923A (en) * 1994-03-28 1999-11-23 Btg International Limited Hologram containing sensor
US6239224B1 (en) * 1997-10-10 2001-05-29 Polymer Systems As Method of production of particulate polymers
US6689316B1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2004-02-10 Cambridge University Technical Services, Ltd. Holographic sensors and their production
US6461873B1 (en) * 1999-03-18 2002-10-08 Daniel Catania Caffeine detector
US6528167B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2003-03-04 Waters Investments Limited Porous hybrid particles with organic groups removed from the surface

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010502978A (en) * 2006-09-08 2010-01-28 スマート ホログラムズ リミテッド Specimen detection method
US20100167283A1 (en) * 2006-09-08 2010-07-01 Adrian Martin Horgan Analyte Detection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003087789A1 (en) 2003-10-23
AU2003224254A1 (en) 2003-10-27
CA2481474A1 (en) 2003-10-23
EP1493018A1 (en) 2005-01-05
KR20050003347A (en) 2005-01-10
GB0207943D0 (en) 2002-05-15
CN1659430A (en) 2005-08-24
EP1493018B1 (en) 2010-12-29
AU2003224254B2 (en) 2006-07-20
DE60335532D1 (en) 2011-02-10
ATE493641T1 (en) 2011-01-15
US8241819B2 (en) 2012-08-14
JP2005522695A (en) 2005-07-28
US20090098467A1 (en) 2009-04-16
JP4102310B2 (en) 2008-06-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8241819B2 (en) Method for forming a volume holographic sensor in a porous medium
US6689316B1 (en) Holographic sensors and their production
KR100971043B1 (en) Method of detecting an analyte in a fluid
Karadağ et al. Behaviors of acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels in uptake of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions
JP2005533146A (en) Molecularly imprinted polymer material
Chun et al. A novel hydrogel-dispersed composite membrane of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) in a gelatin matrix and its thermally actuated permeation of 4-acetamidophen
Byrne et al. Recognitive biomimetic networks with moiety imprinting for intelligent drug delivery
Lucío et al. Hydrogel-based holographic sensors and biosensors: Past, present, and future
CA2515703A1 (en) Holographic sensors and their production
Xue et al. A covalently imprinted photonic crystal for glucose sensing
Mayes et al. A holographic sensor based on a rationally designed synthetic polymer
Ali et al. Venlafaxine-loaded sustained-release poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel composites: their synthesis and in vitro/in vivo attributes
JP2010502978A (en) Specimen detection method
US7443553B2 (en) Holographic sensors and their production
Alvarez-Lorenzo et al. Molecularly imprinted hydrogels for affinity-controlled and stimuli-responsive drug delivery
CA2495894A1 (en) Imprinting a substrate for separation of a target molecule from a fluid medium
Hernández-Martínez et al. Adsorption and swelling studies of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-and N, N-dimethylacrylamide-based porous copolymers and their possible applications for QCM-sensors
Karmalkar et al. Switching biomimetic hydrogels
SU1065818A1 (en) Hologran stabilization method
Savina et al. Analysis of polymer grafted inside the porous hydrogel using confocal laser scanning microscopy
JPS62221467A (en) Method for preparing purple membrane-containing membrane
KR20240011962A (en) Intraocular lens with Moire Interference Hydrogel and method of manufacturing the same
Oral Recognitive polymer networks for therapeutic and diagnostic devices
Chang Preparation and characterization of water-absorbent poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid salt)'s
Sassi Solute partitioning in polyelectrolyte hydrogels: Molecular thermodynamics, experiment, and Monte-Carlo simulations of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: SMART HOLOGRAMS LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LOWE, CHRISTOPHER ROBIN;DAVIDSON, COLIN ALEXANDER BENNETT;BLYTH, JEFFREY;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016956/0760;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050728 TO 20051216

AS Assignment

Owner name: CAMBRIDGE ENTERPRISE LTD, UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY TECHNICAL SERVICES LTD;REEL/FRAME:020109/0089

Effective date: 20061130

Owner name: CAMBRIDGE ENTERPRISE LTD,UNITED KINGDOM

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY TECHNICAL SERVICES LTD;REEL/FRAME:020109/0089

Effective date: 20061130

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION