US20050281870A1 - Pain management - Google Patents
Pain management Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050281870A1 US20050281870A1 US11/182,325 US18232505A US2005281870A1 US 20050281870 A1 US20050281870 A1 US 20050281870A1 US 18232505 A US18232505 A US 18232505A US 2005281870 A1 US2005281870 A1 US 2005281870A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- substances
- roll
- transdermal
- concentrated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/375—Ascorbic acid, i.e. vitamin C; Salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-aminoacids, e.g. alanine, edetic acids [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
- A61K36/481—Astragalus (milkvetch)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/53—Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
- A61K36/539—Scutellaria (skullcap)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/74—Rubiaceae (Madder family)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
Abstract
The present invention relates to Pain Management and to a process for producing a transdermal pain formulation, in liquid, viscous, or roll on device, including a composition including a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition e. Green Tea at about 10% of the composition f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition h. Skull cap at about 10% of the composition i. L-Glutamine at bout 10% of the composition j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition
- k. In which to the substances in (a) to (j) is added Alcohol-H2O Tincture, in a ration of 1:1:1 on all herbal substances in (a) to (j) and concentrated to about a 50% reduction, and to which a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and L-Glutamine in an ½ half to ½ half ratio to the concentrated tincture, so as to be combined in a predetermined varied quantities of (k), resulting in a liquid, viscous cream form, or roll-on device, with the addition of a Liposomal transdermal carrier.
Description
- This is a continuation/divisional of a patent application Ser. No. 10/744,126 with a filing date of Dec. 24, 2003
- This invention relates to the control and regulation of pain management. It is common knowledge that all human beings at sometime in their lifetime are afflicted with pain. Consequently, numerous forms of remedies have been proposed and suggested for external body surface use.
- The present invention is a transdermal pain formulation. In particular, this inventive formula is designed, for convenience, to be used as a roll on for topical application, in and around the areas of pain.
- It should be noted that this formulation could also be in viscous or liquid form, for application as a cream or liquid or spray.
- This formula is designed to be used as a roll on for topical application. This inventive transdermal formulation assists to block both inflammatory processes and transmission of pain signals simultaneously. It is also designed to facilitate wound healing and trauma recovery.
- These mechanisms include, but are not limited to and may find other applications.
- 1. Prostaglandin inhibition to reduce inflammation
- 2. Inhibition of substance P to inhibit pain signal transmission
- 3. Antioxidant properties
- 4. Scavenging Hydroxyl Free Radicals
- 5. Scavenging Superoxide Free Radicals
- 6. Enhances the ability of Phagocytes
- 7. Enhances the ability of Macrophages to function as Phagocytes
- 8. Helps control the release of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by macrophages
- 9. Controls levels of Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor
- 10. Inhibits the genetic transcription factor that activates TNF-a and IL-1B in synovial tissue
- 11. Stimulation of the proliferation of Fibroblasts
- 12. Stimulates the production of Fibroplasia (Connective Tissue produced within the body as part of the healing process for Wounds)
- 13. Inhibition of COX-1
- 14. Inhibition of COX-2
- 15. Inhibition of 5-LO
- 16. Inhibition of LTC-4
- According to the present invention, a transdermal pain formulation composition consists of the following substances including
- a. Astragalus at 5% to 16% of the total composition,
- b. Cat's Claw at 6% to 15% of the composition,
- c. Mistletoe at 5% to 16% of the composition,
- d. Sheep Sorrell at 5% to 15% of the composition,
- e. Green Tea at 6% to 16% of the composition,
- f. Capsaicin at 5% to 15% of the composition,
- g. Nettle leaf at 5% to 16% of the composition,
- h. Skullcap at 6% to 15% of the composition,
- i. L-Glutamine at 6% to 15% of the composition,
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C 5% to 15% of the composition, and
- k. A transdermal Libosomal carrier in which substances (a) to (j) are combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture to constitute active substances whereby to mix with (k) to form a composition mix of the about 40% to 65% of the carrier (k) and about 30 to 50% of the active substances (a) to (j).
The substances in (a) to (j) constitute the active substances of the total mix. The invention also includes a process for pain formulation composition consisting of the following substances including - a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition
- b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition
- c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition
- d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition
- e. Green Tea at about 10% of the composition
- f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition
- g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition
- h. Skull cap at about 10% of the composition
- i. L-Glutamine at about 10% of the composition
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition
- k. A transdermal Liposomal carrier adapted to act as a transdermal carrier in which the substances (a) to (j) are combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture, with a ratio of 1 to 1 to 1 on all herbal components and concentrated to about 50% reduction, to a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in a ½ (half) to ½ (half) ratio of the concentrated about 50% reduction, whereby the transdermal carrier at about 60% with about 40% of the total mix of all substances is constituted to form a roll-on application device.
- The present invention will now be described, by way of example only as follows:
- The present invention has been specifically designed as a roll-on device for topical application in the regions of pain.
- This formula is designed to be used as a roll on for topical application. This inventive transdermal formulation assists to both inflammatory processes and transmission of pain signals simultaneously. It is also designed to facilitate wound healing and trauma recovery.
- These mechanisms include, but are not limited to and may find other applications.
- 1. Prostaglandin inhibition to reduce inflammation
- 2. Inhibition of substance P to inhibit pain signal transmission
- 3. Antioxidant properties
- 4. Scavenging Hydroxyl Free Radicals
- 5. Scavenging Superoxide Free Radicals
- 6. Enhances the ability of Phagocytes
- 7. Enhances the ability of Macrophages to function as Phagocytes
- 8. Helps control the release of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by macrophages
- 9. Controls levels of Interleukin 1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor
- 10. Inhibits the genetic transcription factor that activates TNF-a and IL-1B in synovial tissue
- 11. Stimulation if the proliferatin of Fibroblasts
- 12. Stimulates the production of Fibroplasia (Connective Tissue produces within the body as part of the healing process for Wounds0
- 13. Inhibition of COX-1
- 14. Inhibition of COX-2
- 15. Inhibition of 5-LO
- 16. Inhibition of LTC-4
The inventive features of the compositions is constituted by a formulation as follows: - a. Astragalus at 5% to 16% of the total composition,
- b. Cat's Claw at 5% to 15% of the composition,
- c. Mistletoe at 5% to 16% of the composition,
- d. Sheep Sorrell at 5% to 15% of the composition,
- e. Green Tea at 6% to 16% of the composition,
- f. Capsaicin at 5% to 15% of the composition,
- g. Nettle leaf at 5% to 16% of the composition,
- h. Skullcap at 6% to 15% of the composition,
- i. L-Glutamine at 6% to 15% of the composition,
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C 5% to 15% of the composition, and
- k. A transdermal Liposomal carrier in which substances (a) to (j) are combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture to constitute active substances whereby to mix with (k) to form a composition mix of the about 40% to 65% of the carrier (k) and about 30 to 50% of the active substances (a) to (j).
The invention also is produced by a process as indicated by for producing a transdermal pain forumlation, in liquid, viscous, or roll on device, including a composition including - a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition
- b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition
- c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition
- d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition
- e. Green Tea at about 10% of the composition
- f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition
- g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition
- h. Skull cap at about 10% of the composition
- i. L-Glutamine at about 10% of the composition
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition
- k. In which to the substances in (a) to (j) is added Alcohol-H2O Tincture, in a ration of 1:1:1 on all herbal substances in (a) to (j) and concentrated to about a 50% reduction, and to which a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in and ½ (half) to ½ (half) ratio to the concentrated tincture, so as to be combined in a predetermined varied quantities of (k), resulting in a liquid, viscous cream form, or roll-on device, with the addition of the Liposomal transdermal carrier.
Advantageously the present invention includes an addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in a half to half ratio to the active substances (a) to (j). - Conveniently, the invention also includes a further step by the added substances, the substances is (a) to (j) combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture and condensed and concentrated to a volume of about 50% of the original mix.
- Suitably, this invention provides additional features for use as a roll-on the composition is characterized by about 40% active substances and carried in the transdermal Liposomal carrier, which constitutes about 60% of the total mix.
- In further form, the invention also includes each substance in (a) to (j) in the total composition with an individual content of about 9% to about 11%.
- More, specifically each substance (a) to (j) in the total composition has an individual content of about 10% per substance.
- Furthermore, in the present invention each substance (a) to (j) is combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture, with a ratio of 1:1:1 on all substances, and concentrated to provide a 50% reduction, to which is added Ascorbyl Palmitate an Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in an ½ to ½ ratio to the concentrated reduction of all the substances, whereby to provide in a mix with the transdermal carrier, a transdermal composition.
- The present invention clearly can be formulated as a liquid or viscous cream or in the form of the roll-on device.
- It is extremely advantageous to formulate a composition in which the transdermal carrier constitutes about 60% of the final mix with about 40% of the active concentrated combined substances, whereby to provide the total transdermal composition as a roll-on.
- However, it is advantageous to provide, according to the present invention a transdermal composition pain formulation composition consisting of the following substances including
- a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition
- b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition
- c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition
- d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition
- e. Green Tea at about 10% of the composition
- f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition
- g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition
- h. Skull cap at about 10% of the composition
- i. L-Glutamine at about 10% of the composition
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition
- k. A transdermal Liposomal carrier adapted to act as a transdermal carrier in which the substances (a) to (j) are combined with Alcohol-H2O Tincture, with a ratio of 1 to 1 to 1 on all herbal components and concentrated to about 50% reduction, to a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in a ½ (half) to ½ (half) ratio of the concentrated about 50% reduction, whereby the transdermal carrier at about 60% with about 40% of the total mix of all substances is constituted to form a roll-on application device.
The invention furthermore includes a process for producing a transdermal pain formulation, in liquid, viscous, or roll on device, including a composition including - a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition
- b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition
- c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition
- d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition
- e. Green Tea at abut 10% of the composition
- f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition
- g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition
- h. Skull cap at abut 10% of the composition
- i. L-Glutamine at about 10% of the composition
- j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition
- k. in which to the substances in (a) to (j) is added Alcohol-H2O Tincture, in a ration of 1:1:1 on all herbal substances in (a) to (j) and concentrated to abut a 50% reduction, and to which a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Chondroitin Sulfate A (CSA-A) in an ½ half to ½ half ratio to the concentrated tincture, so as to be combined in a predetermined varied quantities of (k), resulting in a liquid, viscous cream form, or roll-on device, with the addition of a Liposomal transdermal carrier.
Suitably, the process provides a specific ratio of the transdermal carrier that is about 60% of the total substance mix to which is added about 40% of active substances to constitute a roll-on device for external surface use on the body of a human being.
Claims (2)
1. A process for producing a transdermal pain formulation, in liquid, viscous, or roll on device, including a composition constituted by the steps in which to the substances in (a) to (j) as stated below in the composition is added Alcohol-H2O Tincture, in a ratio of 1:1:1 on all herbal substances in (a) to (j) and concentrated to about a 50% reduction, and to which a final addition of Ascorbyl Palmitate and L-Glutamine in an ½ half to ½ half ratio to the concentrated tincture, so as to be combined in a predetermined varied quantities resulting in a liquid, viscous cream form, or roll-on device, with the addition of a Liposomal transdermal carrier, the composition being
a. Astragalus at about 10% of the composition;
b. Cat's Claw at about 10% of the composition;
c. Mistletoe at about 10% of the composition;
d. Sheep Sorrel at about 10% of the composition;
e. Green Tea at about 10% of the composition;
f. Capsaicin at about 10% of the composition;
g. Nettle leaf at about 10% of the composition;
h. Skul cap at about 10% of the composition;
i. L-Glutamine at about 10% of the composition;
j. Fat soluble Ascorbyl Palmitate form of Vitamin C at about 10% of the composition.
2. A process as claimed 1, in which the ratio of the transdermal carrier is about 60% of the total substance mix, to which is added the about 40% of active substances to constitute a roll-on device.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/182,325 US20050281870A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-18 | Pain management |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/744,126 US7097864B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Pain management composition comprising plant extracts |
US11/182,325 US20050281870A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-18 | Pain management |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/744,126 Continuation US7097864B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Pain management composition comprising plant extracts |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050281870A1 true US20050281870A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=34700525
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/744,126 Expired - Fee Related US7097864B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Pain management composition comprising plant extracts |
US11/182,325 Abandoned US20050281870A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-07-18 | Pain management |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/744,126 Expired - Fee Related US7097864B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Pain management composition comprising plant extracts |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7097864B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015107554A1 (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2015-07-23 | MINUTILLO, Claudia | A composition for use in treatment of dermatological diseases, and relative pharmaceutical preparations |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6238696B1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-05-29 | Gaia Herbs, Inc. | Process for providing herbal medicants in cellulose derivative capsules |
US6579543B1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-06-17 | Jackie H. McClung | Composition for topical application to skin |
-
2003
- 2003-12-24 US US10/744,126 patent/US7097864B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-18 US US11/182,325 patent/US20050281870A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6238696B1 (en) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-05-29 | Gaia Herbs, Inc. | Process for providing herbal medicants in cellulose derivative capsules |
US6579543B1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-06-17 | Jackie H. McClung | Composition for topical application to skin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7097864B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
US20050142177A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5854291A (en) | Pain reliever and method of use | |
CA2339221C (en) | Extracts of feverfew (tanacetum parthenium) against inflammatory disorders | |
AU630561B2 (en) | A therapeutic preparation containing myrrh for treating skin disorders | |
US6096326A (en) | Skin care compositions and use | |
CA2454584A1 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of diseases associated with decrease in bone mass comprising ep4 agonist as active ingredient | |
WO2002069993A8 (en) | Pharmaceutical composition made of cannabis extracts | |
AU7233787A (en) | Novel topical metronidazole formulations and therapeutic uses thereof | |
US20040013744A1 (en) | Ointment composition for treating decubitus ulcers and methods for its making and its use | |
EP2885004A1 (en) | Companion cosmetic compositions | |
CN101757117A (en) | Chinese herb medicine conditioner and preparation method thereof | |
US20070003632A1 (en) | Burn treatment formulation and method of treating burns | |
WO1992015276A3 (en) | Therapeutic and cosmetic compositions for treatment of skin | |
US20050281870A1 (en) | Pain management | |
ATE193651T1 (en) | THERAPEUTIC SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS | |
US4117120A (en) | Medication for herpes simplex and canker sores | |
EP0727991A1 (en) | Compositions containing zinc linoleate for the treatment of skin disorders | |
RU2405534C1 (en) | Anti-acne cream gel | |
CA2700335C (en) | Composition comprising mucilaginous polysaccharides derived from aloe barbadensis combined with liposomes, method for obtaining same and use thereof as a sun protector, an anti-acne agent, an epidermal regenerator and a moisturiser | |
CN1061248C (en) | Powder agent formula for treating acne and seborrhea and preparation method | |
AU2021104419A4 (en) | Polyherbal Gel formulation for growth of Hair Follicle | |
Semkina | Ointments, gels, liniments, and creams containing phytopreparations (a review) | |
CN1090936C (en) | Compound preparation for curing acne | |
CN1433793A (en) | Ointment for treating chilblain | |
AU599725B2 (en) | Pharmacological/cosmetic preparation for external application containing cereal plant extract | |
US5576005A (en) | Effectiveness of wart removal by compositions including propolis |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO PAY ISSUE FEE |