US20050231038A1 - Aircraft cabin equipped with means for controlling the power consumed by seat actuators - Google Patents
Aircraft cabin equipped with means for controlling the power consumed by seat actuators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050231038A1 US20050231038A1 US11/094,106 US9410605A US2005231038A1 US 20050231038 A1 US20050231038 A1 US 20050231038A1 US 9410605 A US9410605 A US 9410605A US 2005231038 A1 US2005231038 A1 US 2005231038A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- control unit
- seat
- power control
- power
- actuator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
- B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
- B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
- B64D11/06395—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats characterised by the arrangement of electric motors for adjustment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C31/00—Details or accessories for chairs, beds, or the like, not provided for in other groups of this subclass, e.g. upholstery fasteners, mattress protectors, stretching devices for mattress nets
- A47C31/12—Means, e.g. measuring means for adapting chairs, beds or mattresses to the shape or weight of persons
- A47C31/126—Means, e.g. measuring means for adapting chairs, beds or mattresses to the shape or weight of persons for chairs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
- B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
- B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
- B64D11/064—Adjustable inclination or position of seats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
- B64D11/06—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats
- B64D11/0639—Arrangements of seats, or adaptations or details specially adapted for aircraft seats with features for adjustment or converting of seats
- B64D11/0643—Adjustable foot or leg rests
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
- H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
- H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
- H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
-
- at least two seats (14A, 14B, 14C) which each comprise at least two elements which can be moved relative to each other and at least one actuator (24, 26) for the relative displacement of these movable elements,
- at least one central power control unit (20) in the cabin in order to allocate a total available power level to each seat. Each seat (14A, 14B, 14C) comprises means (30, 32, 34) for reading at least one item of morphological information of the passenger sitting in the seat, and means (18B) for transmitting information to the central power control unit (20) in accordance with the or each item of morphological information. The central power control unit (20) is capable of allocating to each seat (14A, 14B, 14C) a total available power level in accordance with the or each item of morphological information.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an aircraft cabin, of the type comprising:
-
- at least two seats which each comprise at least two elements which can be moved relative to each other and at least one actuator for the relative displacement of these movable elements,
- at least one central power control unit in the cabin in order to allocate a total available power level to each seat.
- 2. Background Art
- In passenger transport aircraft, it is necessary to provide each passenger with a given number of items of equipment which are supplied with electrical power, these items of equipment ensuring maximum comfort for the passenger.
- In particular, each passenger generally has an individual light, referred to as a reading light, a power point for a laptop computer, video equipment for viewing films, items of comfort equipment, such as massage devices, and an assembly of electrical actuators which allow the movable elements of the passenger seat to be displaced.
- The increase in the number of devices supplied with electrical power provided for each passenger considerably increases the electrical power consumed in the cabin of the aircraft.
- It is thus necessary to control the power consumed by the passengers in the course of the flight.
- To this end, it is known to monitor the electrical power effectively consumed by each passenger, and to allocate to the various passengers a suitable total available power level for the passenger so that the sum of the total available power levels allocated is less than a total maximum power level which can be allocated to the various passengers.
- These methods function in a satisfactory manner but allow the power to be controlled based only on the power effectively consumed at a given time by the various passengers.
- The object of the invention is to provide a power control installation which allows the use of the power available in an aircraft to be optimised in order to make the power available to the various passengers.
- To this end, the subject-matter of the invention is an aircraft cabin of the above-mentioned type, wherein each seat comprises means for reading at least one item of morphological information of the passenger sitting in the seat, and means for transmitting information to the central power control unit in accordance with the or each item of morphological information and the central power control unit is capable of allocating to each seat a total available power level in accordance with the or each item of morphological information.
- Reading at least one item of morphological information from each passenger allows the power in the aircraft cabin to be controlled in a predictive manner, even before the users have made use of this power. The power control is thus optimised since it takes into account the power that each passenger is likely to require and not only the power consumed at the given time.
- According to specific embodiments, the aircraft cabin comprises one or more of the following features:
-
- the reading means comprise a sensor for measuring the weight of the passenger,
- the reading means comprise a sensor for measuring the size of at least a portion of the passenger,
- it comprises means for calculating, for each seat, a maximum nominal power level that can be consumed by the or each actuator of the seat based on the or each item of morphological information and the features of the or each actuator, and the central power control unit is capable of allocating to each seat a total available power level whose value depends on the maximum nominal power levels calculated for each seat,
- the total available power level allocated to each seat becomes higher as the or each maximum nominal power level calculated for the seat becomes higher,
- each seat comprises a local power control unit to which means for reading at least one item of morphological information are connected, and each local power control unit comprises suitable means for calculating the maximum nominal power level that can be consumed by the or each actuator of the seat based on the or each item of morphological information and the features of the or each actuator,
- each local power control unit comprises means for transmitting information to the central power control unit in accordance with the or each maximum nominal power level that can be consumed by an actuator; and
- the central power control unit comprises means for transmitting an allocated total available power level to each local power control unit and each local power control unit is capable of controlling the or each actuator so that the total power consumed is less than the total available power allocated.
- The invention will be better understood from a reading of the following description, given purely by way of example and with reference to the drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aircraft cabin according to the invention; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a local power control unit suitable for a subscriber of the cabin; and -
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the algorithm used in the central power control unit of the installation. -
FIG. 1 illustrates anaircraft cabin 10 which incorporates apower control installation 12. - The installation comprises a group of
subscribers - For example, a cabin according to the invention controls the power made available to seventy subscribers in first class when the aircraft is capable of transporting three hundred passengers.
- In the installation according to the invention, each subscriber comprises a local power control unit. Only three local units designated 16A, 16B, 16C are illustrated for reasons of clarity. These units are all identical. Each local power control unit is connected, by means of a bidirectional information transmission network 18, to a central
power control unit 20. - To this end, the information transmission network 18 is constituted, for example, by a data transfer bus to which the
central unit 20 and thelocal units power control unit 20 to each of thelocal units local unit central unit 20. - Furthermore, each local
power control unit power distribution network 22. - Each subscriber comprises a group of loads which consume electrical power. Each load is connected to the local
power control unit - More precisely, in the example in question, a motorised seat is provided for each passenger. This seat comprises a base, a backrest and a leg rest. Each seat, and therefore each subscriber, comprises two
electrical actuators - Each actuator provided for the passenger can be individually controlled by the passenger from a
keyboard 28. This keyboard is connected to the associated localpower control unit - Furthermore, sensors for the morphological measurements of the passenger are integrated in each seat. These sensors are capable of determining morphological information of the passenger, such as his weight or his size.
- A
weight sensor 30 is thus arranged in the base. This sensor is formed, for example, by a piezoelectric element. - Furthermore,
sensors - In the rest state, that is to say, when there is no weight on the microcontacts, they are open. However, when a load is applied to a microcontact, it is closed.
- When a passenger is sitting in the seat, the microcontacts located beneath the passenger, that is to say, behind the torso or the legs of the passenger, are closed, whilst the other contacts which are not loaded by the passenger are kept open. These
sensors - The
weight sensor 30 and each of the microcontacts of the matrices ofsensors power control unit -
FIG. 2 illustrates in greater detail the structure of a localpower control unit 16A. This unit is illustrated with its connection to thepower distribution network 22, to theconnections keyboard 28, to theactuators sensors - Each local
power control unit control unit 36 which is constituted by an information processing unit which is capable of using a predetermined algorithm. Thecontrol unit 36 is formed, for example, by a micro-controller which is associated with a suitable environment. - The
control unit 36 is connected to the network 18 by means of a bi-directional communication interface (not shown). - Each
actuator power distribution network 22 via a supply current shaping step, these steps being designated 44 and 46 for theloads - Each
current shaping step control unit 36. - Under the control of the
control unit 36, each current shaping step ensures that the load connected at the output is supplied with power or that the supply to the load is stopped, or that the current is shaped in a particular manner in order to reduce the power consumed by this load. - In particular, the supply current shaping steps 44, 46 are capable of producing a current which modifies the speed of the actuators in order to vary the power consumed.
- This variation of speed is, for example, produced using a control of the PWM type (pulse width modulation).
- In the embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 2 , the local power control unit comprises storage means 54 which are connected to thecontrol unit 36. - These storage means 54 contain, for each actuator 24, 26 connected to the local power control unit, a characteristic function f24, f26 for determining the maximum nominal power level that can be consumed by the actuator in accordance with the morphological information of the passenger read from the seat.
- More precisely, the characteristic function f24, which is associated with the
actuator 24 of the backrest, is capable of determining the maximum nominal power level P24 consumed by theactuator 24 in accordance with the passenger weight p read by thesensor 30 and the torso height ht of the passenger read by thesensor 32. - In the same manner, the characteristic function f26 is capable of determining the maximum nominal power level P26 consumed by the
actuator 26 for moving the leg rest based on the passenger weight p measured by thesensor 30 and the leg length lj determined by thesensor 34. - Furthermore, the
control unit 36 is capable of receiving, on thedownward connection 18A of the information transmission network 18, a group of operational parameters which allow the load control input by the user from thekeyboard 28 to be modified. - Although the information transmission network 18 can be of any appropriate type, for reasons of clarity in
FIG. 2 , each operational parameter is supposed to be communicated to thecontrol unit 36 at a specific input. - In particular, at a
first input 64, thecontrol unit 36 receives a value Pdi which represents a total available power level allocated to the subscriber i in question. - In the same manner, the
control unit 36 is capable of transmitting to the centralpower control unit 20, on theupward connection 18B of the information transmission network, a group of operational variables which allow the centralpower control unit 20 to distribute the available power between the various subscribers, and in particular to define a total available power level Pdi allocated to each subscriber. - As before, although the information transmission network 18 can be of any appropriate type, each operational variable is supposed to be communicated from the control unit at a specific output.
- A
first output 72 is capable of transmitting, to the central power control unit, the maximum nominal power P24 consumed by theactuator 24 during operation, as calculated by thecontrol unit 36 based on the characteristic function f24. A second output 74 allows transmission, to the central information control unit, of the maximum nominal power P26 consumed by theactuator 26 during operation, as calculated by thecontrol unit 36 based on the characteristic function f26. - A
third output 76 allows the total power designated Pci effectively consumed by the subscriber i to be transmitted to the centralpower control unit 20. The total power Pci is determined, for example, based on a characteristic value of the power normally consumed by each load. In one variant, the total power Pci effectively consumed is determined based on the intensity supplying each actuator, this intensity being measured by a sensor placed on the supply wire of the actuator. - The central
power control unit 20 is capable of calculating and of transmitting, to each localpower control unit FIG. 3 . - The central
power control unit 20 comprises an input for receiving a value PMU of maximum usable power which cannot be exceeded for all the subscribers. This maximum usable power PMU is provided by another computer of the aircraft in accordance with the power which is effectively available in the aircraft. - The
power control installation 12 is capable of allowing each subscriber to use only the total available power Pdi which is allocated to him. To this end, the localpower control unit 36 of each subscriber is capable, in accordance with the requests made by the user from thekeyboard 28, of controlling in an appropriate manner eachload - To this end, the
control unit 36 controls a reduction or an increase of the speed of the actuators, during the control thereof, using the control of the PWM type, so that the power consumed does not exceed the total available power Pdi allocated to the subscriber. -
FIG. 3 illustrates the algorithm which is continuously used by the centralpower control unit 20 during operation of the installation. This cyclical algorithm is operated in a loop and is capable of calculating and modifying the values of total available power Pdi allocated to each subscriber i in accordance with the effective operation conditions of the group of subscribers and the maximum usable power PMU. - In
step 102, the centralpower control unit 20 receives, for each localpower control unit power control units - In a first embodiment, the total power Pci effectively consumed is given by the sum of the nominal power levels stored for the single loads j which are effectively operational.
- In a second embodiment, the total power Pci effectively consumed is given by the sum of the levels of instantaneous power actually consumed by the loads j of the subscriber i.
- According to other embodiments, the information which represents the total power effectively consumed is constituted, depending on the circumstances, either by all the nominal power levels Pj of the loads which are effectively operational or, in another embodiment, by all the instantaneous power levels pj which are actually consumed by the loads of the subscriber.
- In
step 104, the centralpower control unit 20 receives the maximum nominal power levels P24 and P26 for each subscriber. This reception is carried out at the same frequency as the reception of the total power Pci effectively consumed by each subscriber. - In
step 106, the centralpower control unit 20 calculates a new total available power level Pdi allocated to each subscriber. Each new total available power level Pdi is calculated in accordance with the total power Pci effectively consumed and the maximum nominal power levels P24 and P26 calculated for each subscriber. In this manner, the total available power Pdi allocated to each subscriber is calculated by the centralpower control unit 20 taking into account the morphological information of each passenger. - In particular, the total available power Pdi allocated to a subscriber becomes higher as the maximum nominal power levels P24, P26 calculated for the subscriber become higher.
- For example, the new total available power level Pdi is given by the formula:
- In
step 108, the new total available power levels Pdi calculated to be allocated to each subscriber are transmitted to the subscriber so that each localpower control unit - It will be appreciated that, since the power control is carried out taking into account morphological information relating to the passenger, even though the passenger does not require any power, the method for controlling power used is improved since it takes into account, in a pre-emptive manner, the future requirements of each passenger, these requirements varying in accordance with the morphological criteria of the passenger.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0403404 | 2004-03-31 | ||
FR0403404A FR2868392B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | AIRCRAFT CABIN EQUIPPED WITH MEANS FOR POWER MANAGEMENT CONSUMED BY SEAT ACTUATORS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050231038A1 true US20050231038A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
US7365449B2 US7365449B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
Family
ID=34878478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/094,106 Active 2025-11-15 US7365449B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Aircraft cabin equipped with means for controlling the power consumed by seat actuators |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7365449B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1582458B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005001164T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2868392B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100102625A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent Energy Management Architecture |
US8657227B1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2014-02-25 | The Boeing Company | Independent power generation in aircraft |
US8738268B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-05-27 | The Boeing Company | Vehicle electrical power management and distribution |
WO2014183766A1 (en) * | 2013-05-11 | 2014-11-20 | Linak A/S | Actuator system |
CN112120490A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2020-12-25 | 江西工程学院 | Marketing cosmetics showcase for trial use with clean effect in ground |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8010250B2 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-08-30 | The Boeing Company | Life-optimal power management methods for battery networks system |
DE102008007023B4 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2010-09-23 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Method and system for powering aircraft cabin modules |
US8457846B2 (en) | 2010-05-14 | 2013-06-04 | Crane Co. | Modular seat actuation control system and communication method |
FR2974463B1 (en) * | 2011-04-21 | 2014-01-24 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION MODE OF AN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO AN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY NETWORK |
US9811130B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2017-11-07 | The Boeing Company | Power management control system |
DE102012004840A1 (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2013-09-19 | Recaro Aircraft Seating Gmbh & Co. Kg | Seat control device, in particular for a passenger seat |
JP6706877B2 (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2020-06-10 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニーThe Boeing Company | Power management control system |
DE102017223409A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | DATA EVALUATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DATA EVALUATION IN A PLANE |
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US6949904B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-09-27 | Muirhead Aerospace Ltd. | Power actuated seat |
US20060085100A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-04-20 | Thierry Marin-Martinod | Installation for controlling power in an aircraft |
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DE10115523A1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-10 | Dornier Tech Gmbh & Co | Control and power supply system for at least two aircraft seats |
-
2004
- 2004-03-31 FR FR0403404A patent/FR2868392B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-03-24 DE DE602005001164T patent/DE602005001164T2/en active Active
- 2005-03-24 EP EP05290648A patent/EP1582458B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-31 US US11/094,106 patent/US7365449B2/en active Active
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US5748473A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1998-05-05 | Automotive Technologies International, Inc. | Automatic vehicle seat adjuster |
US5739746A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-04-14 | Siemens Business Communication Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining user presence in vehicular communications systems |
US6921987B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-07-26 | Labinal | Power management installation in an aircraft |
US6949904B2 (en) * | 2001-10-31 | 2005-09-27 | Muirhead Aerospace Ltd. | Power actuated seat |
US20030182043A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2003-09-25 | Christiansen Mark David | Smart system seat controller |
US20060085100A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-04-20 | Thierry Marin-Martinod | Installation for controlling power in an aircraft |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100102625A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-04-29 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent Energy Management Architecture |
WO2010047902A3 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2010-08-12 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent energy management architecture |
US7872368B2 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2011-01-18 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent energy management architecture |
US20110077811A1 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2011-03-31 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent energy management architecture |
US8049360B2 (en) * | 2008-10-24 | 2011-11-01 | The Boeing Company | Intelligent energy management architecture |
US8657227B1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2014-02-25 | The Boeing Company | Independent power generation in aircraft |
US8950703B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2015-02-10 | The Boeing Company | Independent power generation in aircraft |
US8738268B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-05-27 | The Boeing Company | Vehicle electrical power management and distribution |
WO2014183766A1 (en) * | 2013-05-11 | 2014-11-20 | Linak A/S | Actuator system |
CN112120490A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2020-12-25 | 江西工程学院 | Marketing cosmetics showcase for trial use with clean effect in ground |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1582458A1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
US7365449B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
FR2868392B1 (en) | 2006-06-23 |
DE602005001164T2 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
FR2868392A1 (en) | 2005-10-07 |
DE602005001164D1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
EP1582458B1 (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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