US20050230702A1 - High-voltage diode with optimized turn-off method and corresponding optimization method - Google Patents
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- US20050230702A1 US20050230702A1 US10/999,111 US99911104A US2005230702A1 US 20050230702 A1 US20050230702 A1 US 20050230702A1 US 99911104 A US99911104 A US 99911104A US 2005230702 A1 US2005230702 A1 US 2005230702A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/30—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface
- H01L29/32—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by physical imperfections; having polished or roughened surface the imperfections being within the semiconductor body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/36—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the concentration or distribution of impurities in the bulk material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/86—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
- H01L29/861—Diodes
- H01L29/8611—Planar PN junction diodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-voltage diode according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a method for optimizing its turn-off behavior.
- a high-voltage diode of this type is disclosed in DE 100 31 461.9 A, for example.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of the known high-voltage diode in the form of a central cross section.
- a high-voltage diode comprises a silicon body.
- silicon instead of silicon, it is also possible to choose another suitable semiconductor material, such as e.g. SiC, etc.
- the silicon body has an n ⁇ conducting drift zone 1 , a p-conducting zone 2 , which forms a pn junction 3 with the n-conducting drift zone, a p + -conducting anode emitter 4 , an n-conducting zone 5 and an n + -conducting cathode emitter 6 formed therein.
- the anode emitter 4 is provided with an anode metallization 7 .
- the cathode emitter 6 is provided with a cathode metallization 8 .
- Known contact materials such as e.g. aluminum, AlSi, etc. may be chosen for said metallization. It should be mentioned that the dimensions of the known high-voltage diode shown in FIG. 1 serve merely for elucidation purposes and do not represent the actual relationships.
- the setting of the charge carrier lifetime takes place by means of crystal damage near the surface in the anode emitter or in the cathode emitter.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a simulation of the resulting relationships of the doping concentration (curve A) and the defect concentration (curve B) of a high-voltage diode influenced in this way, to be precise relative to the depth y from the front side V here, y starting with the top side of the p + -type anode emitter.
- curve A doping concentration
- curve B defect concentration
- curve B shows that a large local increase in the defect concentration (curve B) occurs in the p + -type anode emitter approximately at a depth y of between 15 and 18 ⁇ m from the top side thereof, which locally reduces the charge carrier lifetime ( ⁇ ) there.
- FIG. 3 in the right-hand column of page 121 of this document shows that although the first proton peak lies in the cathode region of the diode, the second proton peak lies near the center of the n-type base.
- this object is achieved by means of a high-voltage diode having an anodal p-conducting zone, a cathodal n ⁇ -conducting drift zone, which forms a pn junction with the p-conducting zone, a p + -conducting anode emitter provided in the p-conducting zone, and an n + -conducting cathode emitter adjoining an n-conducting zone subsequent to the pn junction, wherein only from the cathode emitter or from the cathode emitter and from the anode emitter, by means of irradiation with light ions, in particular ⁇ -particles, the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ is reduced to a value dependent on the doping concentration of the anode emitter at a distance from the respective emitter surface, said distance being determined by the range and/or dose of the irradiation, beyond the respective emitter in a limited depth range, the
- the above object is achieved by means of a method for optimizing the turn-off behavior of a high-voltage diode having an anodal p-conducting zone, a cathodal n ⁇ -conducting drift zone, which forms a pn junction with-the p-conducting zone, a p + -conducting anode emitter provided in the p-conducting zone, and an n + -conducting cathode emitter adjoining an n-conducting zone subsequent to the pn junction, featuring the following steps: irradiation with light ions, in particular ⁇ -particles, either only of the cathode emitter from the top side thereof with a specific dose and with a specific range, or of the cathode emitter and of the anode emitter in each case from the top sides thereof with in each case a specific dose and with in each case a specific range, the irradiation reducing
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through the structure of a known high-voltage diode already discussed
- FIG. 2 graphically shows simulation curves for elucidating the already discussed procedure for locally reducing the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ exclusively from the side of the p + -type anode emitter;
- FIG. 3 graphically shows simulation curves of the results of a first exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage diode according to the invention if the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ is reduced from both sides of the high-voltage diode;
- FIG. 4 shows a simulation of the doping and defect concentration profile in the case of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced exclusively from the rear-side cathode emitter;
- FIG. 5 graphically shows current profiles, i.e. the current density during the turn-off of a high-voltage diode, the charge carrier lifetime of which has in each case been reduced by a method in accordance with FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 ;
- FIG. 6 graphically shows voltage profiles during the turn-off of a high-voltage diode, the charge carrier lifetime of which has in each case been reduced by a method in accordance with FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 , and
- FIG. 7 graphically shows the turn-off work loss of a high-voltage diode in which the charge carrier lifetime has been reduced by the methods shown previously in FIGS. 2 to 4 .
- FIG. 1 The description below is based by way of example on the structure of a high-voltage diode that is shown in FIG. 1 and has already been discussed.
- the dimensions shown in FIG. 1 in particular the thicknesses of the respective zones and regions, are not to scale and serve only for elucidation.
- FIG. 3 graphically shows simulation results of the doping concentration profile by means of the solid curve A and of the defect concentration profile of a high-voltage diode according to the invention by means of the curves B 1 and B 2 depicted in dashed fashion. It is clear that in the case of this reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ from both sides, i.e.
- the magnitude of the reverse current peak (cf. FIG. 5 ) is set by means of the local and targeted reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ from the p + -type anode emitter side (curve B 1 ).
- the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime from the n + -type cathode emitter side is used to control the decrease in the charge carriers during depletion of the drift zone 1 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates, on the basis of simulation results, the doping and defect concentration profiles (curves A and B 2 ) in the case of irradiation exclusively on the n + -type cathode emitter side and thus the second measure proposed according to the invention in order to enable the soft recovery behavior of the component without in this case increasing the on-state and switching losses.
- This proposed method consists in locally implementing the lifetime of the charge carriers only from the n + -type cathode emitter side instead of from the p + -type anode emitter side (cf. FIG. 2 ).
- the desired soft recovery behavior of the high-voltage diode can be established through the range of the irradiation and/or the choice of dose.
- FIG. 5 graphically shows a simulation of the profiles of the current density J pin against time t during the turn-off of the high-voltage diode by means of the various irradiation techniques described previously; to be precise curve II shows the known method already explained with reference to FIG. 2 in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced only from the side of the p + -type anode emitter 4 , curve III shows the first alternative of the method according to the invention which was explained with reference to FIG. 3 , in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced from both sides, i.e. on the part of the p + -type anode emitter and on the part of the n + -type cathode emitter, and curve IV finally shows the second alternative described with reference to FIG. 4 , in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ is reduced only from the n + -type cathode emitter side.
- Curves II, III and IV in FIG. 6 reproduce simulation results of the voltage profiles during the turn-off of the high-voltage diode by means of the two irradiation techniques according to the invention (curves III and IV) in comparison with the known irradiation for reducing the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ only from the side of the p + -type anode emitter (curve II).
- FIG. 7 finally shows a comparison of the three procedures, i.e. of the two procedures proposed according to the invention and the procedure that is customary in the prior art, on the basis of the turn-off work loss W off of the high-voltage diode.
- the square point designated by II indicates the turn-off work loss of a high-voltage diode treated in accordance with the prior art.
- the points designated by III and IV indicate the turn-off work loss W off of a high-voltage diode treated by means of the two alternative procedures according to the invention with regard to the charge carrier lifetime.
- FIG. 5 to 7 shows that the best result between the soft recovery behavior, the forward voltage drop and the turn-off work loss is to be obtained by rear-side irradiation ( FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5 to 7 , curves IV).
- the smallest reverse current and voltage peak can be obtained by means of the two-sided setting of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ ( FIG. 3 and FIGS. 5-7 , curves III).
- the intensity of the local lifetime reduction that is to be aimed for on the p + -type anode emitter side results from the doping profile of said p + -type anode emitter; in other words, a relatively intense local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime is desirable in the case of a strong, highly doped anode emitter.
- a weakly doped p + -type anode emitter in the extreme case, no local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ is necessary at all on the side of the p + -type anode emitter since only relatively few free charge carriers are injected from said emitter.
- a so-called Kleinmann diode that is a diode with a horizontal constant charge carrier profile in the on-state case, yields the most favorable trade-off between on-state behavior and the total diode-induced switching losses.
- the Kleinmann diode structure has a very rough switching behavior.
- Current chopping is undesirable in many applications because the high overvoltage at leakage inductances due to the high di/dt can lead to the destruction of the components or at least to an unfavorable EMC behavior.
- the invention makes it possible to increase the switching losses in a targeted manner in favor of a softer switching behavior.
- the most moderate increase in the switching losses is achieved by introducing a local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ in the field stop zone approximately at or just in front of the location reached by the electric field at maximum intermediate circuit voltage.
- the rear side emitter i.e. the n + -type cathode emitter, is deliberately made stronger than in the case of a Kleinmann diode.
- the doping of the field stop zone itself is made comparatively low and is significantly less than 10 16 /cm 3 .
- the total field stop dose approximately has the value of the breakdown charge or somewhat more than that.
- n + -type cathode emitter is set in a targeted manner by means of other techniques, such as, for example, the choice of implantation dose.
- the most favorable switching properties of the high-voltage diodes are achieved in direct proximity to the pn junction at the anode.
- the efficiency of the p + -type anode emitter 4 is then reduced, whether by low implantation doses or by local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ , a soft turn-off is achieved with a reduced overall thickness of the n-doped base and with the procedures proposed above according to the invention.
- a further possibility is the combination of the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ with the field stop diffusion, i.e. a reduction of the charge carrier lifetime ⁇ which has a spatially greater extent and is more moderate in return.
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a high-voltage diode according to the preamble of
patent claim 1 and to a method for optimizing its turn-off behavior. A high-voltage diode of this type is disclosed inDE 100 31 461.9 A, for example. - In the case of such high-voltage diodes, often used as free-wheeling diodes, a soft turn-off behavior is desired in order to avoid the so-called “chopping” of the component during the turn-off process, since this effect can entail destruction of the power semiconductor. Component chopping has been avoided hitherto either by choosing a sufficiently large thickness for the component and/or by means of an anodal local lifetime setting.
- The accompanying
FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of the known high-voltage diode in the form of a central cross section. Such a high-voltage diode comprises a silicon body. Instead of silicon, it is also possible to choose another suitable semiconductor material, such as e.g. SiC, etc. The silicon body has an n−conductingdrift zone 1, a p-conductingzone 2, which forms a pn junction 3 with the n-conducting drift zone, a p+-conductinganode emitter 4, an n-conductingzone 5 and an n+-conductingcathode emitter 6 formed therein. On the front side V, theanode emitter 4 is provided with an anode metallization 7. On the rear side R of the component, thecathode emitter 6 is provided with acathode metallization 8. Known contact materials such as e.g. aluminum, AlSi, etc. may be chosen for said metallization. It should be mentioned that the dimensions of the known high-voltage diode shown inFIG. 1 serve merely for elucidation purposes and do not represent the actual relationships. - In the case of the high-voltage diode disclosed in this document, the setting of the charge carrier lifetime takes place by means of crystal damage near the surface in the anode emitter or in the cathode emitter.
- For optimizing the turn-off behavior of a high-voltage diode, the procedure heretofore has been such that the charge carrier lifetime has been reduced exclusively in the p+-conducting anode emitter.
FIG. 2 illustrates a simulation of the resulting relationships of the doping concentration (curve A) and the defect concentration (curve B) of a high-voltage diode influenced in this way, to be precise relative to the depth y from the front side V here, y starting with the top side of the p+-type anode emitter.FIG. 2 shows that a large local increase in the defect concentration (curve B) occurs in the p+-type anode emitter approximately at a depth y of between 15 and 18 μm from the top side thereof, which locally reduces the charge carrier lifetime (τ) there. - In the case of such high-voltage diodes, it is always necessary to find a compromise between the “soft recovery behavior” of the component, the switching losses and the forward voltage drop or the on-state losses. This requirement is not taken into account by the known method for optimizing the turn-off-method as explained with reference to
FIG. 2 since, although it obtains a soft turn-off behavior, this is at the expense of a higher forward voltage drop or an increased on-state power loss. - Humble O. et al.: “4.5 Kilovolt-Fast Diodes with Expanded SOA Using a Multi-Energy Proton Life Time Control Technique”, 11th International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, ISPSD 99. Proceedings, Toronto, May 26-28, 1999, International Symposium on Power Semiconductor Devices and ICs, New York, N.Y.: IEEE, US, May 26, 1999, May 26, 1999 pages 121-124, XP000903559 ISBN: 0-78-03-5291-2, describes a power diode with setting of the emitter efficiency and charge carrier lifetime both in the cathode region of the diode and in the n-type base region, to be precise by irradiation with proton beams or α-particles.
FIG. 3 in the right-hand column of page 121 of this document shows that although the first proton peak lies in the cathode region of the diode, the second proton peak lies near the center of the n-type base. - It is an object of this invention to optimize a high-voltage diode of the generic type such that, on the one hand, it has a minimum component thickness in order to minimize the power losses that occur during operation, and that, on the other hand, it has a “soft recovery” behavior during turn-off, thereby avoiding component chopping and the risk of its destruction.
- This object is achieved as claimed.
- In accordance with a first aspect, this object is achieved by means of a high-voltage diode having an anodal p-conducting zone, a cathodal n−-conducting drift zone, which forms a pn junction with the p-conducting zone, a p+-conducting anode emitter provided in the p-conducting zone, and an n+-conducting cathode emitter adjoining an n-conducting zone subsequent to the pn junction, wherein only from the cathode emitter or from the cathode emitter and from the anode emitter, by means of irradiation with light ions, in particular α-particles, the charge carrier lifetime τ is reduced to a value dependent on the doping concentration of the anode emitter at a distance from the respective emitter surface, said distance being determined by the range and/or dose of the irradiation, beyond the respective emitter in a limited depth range, the charge carrier lifetime τ being reduced to a great extent in the case of a heavily doped anode emitter and the charge carrier lifetime τ being reduced weakly or not at all in the case of a weakly doped anode emitter.
- In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, the above object is achieved by means of a method for optimizing the turn-off behavior of a high-voltage diode having an anodal p-conducting zone, a cathodal n−-conducting drift zone, which forms a pn junction with-the p-conducting zone, a p+-conducting anode emitter provided in the p-conducting zone, and an n+-conducting cathode emitter adjoining an n-conducting zone subsequent to the pn junction, featuring the following steps: irradiation with light ions, in particular α-particles, either only of the cathode emitter from the top side thereof with a specific dose and with a specific range, or of the cathode emitter and of the anode emitter in each case from the top sides thereof with in each case a specific dose and with in each case a specific range, the irradiation reducing the charge carrier lifetime τ to a value dependent on the doping concentration of the anode emitter either only from the side of the cathode emitter or from the side of the cathode emitter and the side of the anode emitter at a distance from the respective emitter surface, said distance being determined by the respective dose and/or range of the irradiation, in a limited depth range beyond the respective emitter, the charge carrier lifetime τ being reduced to a great extent in the case of a heavily doped anode emitter and the charge carrier lifetime τ being reduced weakly or not at all in the case of a weakly doped anode emitter.
- This enables a soft recovery behavior of the high-voltage diode without increasing the on-state losses in an undesirable manner.
- The description below describes, referring to the drawing, two alternative embodiments of the high-voltage diode according to the invention and of the method used for optimizing its turn-off behavior. In the figures of the drawing, specifically:
-
FIG. 1 shows a cross section through the structure of a known high-voltage diode already discussed; -
FIG. 2 graphically shows simulation curves for elucidating the already discussed procedure for locally reducing the charge carrier lifetime τ exclusively from the side of the p+-type anode emitter; -
FIG. 3 graphically shows simulation curves of the results of a first exemplary embodiment of a high-voltage diode according to the invention if the charge carrier lifetime τ is reduced from both sides of the high-voltage diode; -
FIG. 4 shows a simulation of the doping and defect concentration profile in the case of a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced exclusively from the rear-side cathode emitter; -
FIG. 5 graphically shows current profiles, i.e. the current density during the turn-off of a high-voltage diode, the charge carrier lifetime of which has in each case been reduced by a method in accordance withFIGS. 2, 3 and 4; -
FIG. 6 graphically shows voltage profiles during the turn-off of a high-voltage diode, the charge carrier lifetime of which has in each case been reduced by a method in accordance withFIGS. 2, 3 and 4, and -
FIG. 7 graphically shows the turn-off work loss of a high-voltage diode in which the charge carrier lifetime has been reduced by the methods shown previously in FIGS. 2 to 4. - The description below is based by way of example on the structure of a high-voltage diode that is shown in
FIG. 1 and has already been discussed. The dimensions shown in FIG. 1, in particular the thicknesses of the respective zones and regions, are not to scale and serve only for elucidation. -
FIG. 3 graphically shows simulation results of the doping concentration profile by means of the solid curve A and of the defect concentration profile of a high-voltage diode according to the invention by means of the curves B1 and B2 depicted in dashed fashion. It is clear that in the case of this reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ from both sides, i.e. from the front side V, that is to say that from the top side of the p+-type anode emitter 4 and from the rear side R, that is to say from the top side of the n+-type cathode emitter 6, in each case at a depth of between approximately 15 and 18 μm from the front side V and between approximately 70 and 80 μm from the front side V, a large increase in the defect concentration is obtained locally. - The magnitude of the reverse current peak (cf.
FIG. 5 ) is set by means of the local and targeted reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ from the p+-type anode emitter side (curve B1). The reduction of the charge carrier lifetime from the n+-type cathode emitter side is used to control the decrease in the charge carriers during depletion of thedrift zone 1. - The combination of both measures for reducing the charge carrier lifetime τ as illustrated in
FIG. 3 makes it possible on the one hand to achieve a small reverse current peak and on the other hand to ensure a soft turn-off of the component (cf.FIG. 5 , curve III). This brings about a lower induced voltage that arises on account of the parasitic inductance (cf.FIG. 6 , curve III). -
FIG. 4 illustrates, on the basis of simulation results, the doping and defect concentration profiles (curves A and B2) in the case of irradiation exclusively on the n+-type cathode emitter side and thus the second measure proposed according to the invention in order to enable the soft recovery behavior of the component without in this case increasing the on-state and switching losses. This proposed method consists in locally implementing the lifetime of the charge carriers only from the n+-type cathode emitter side instead of from the p+-type anode emitter side (cf.FIG. 2 ). The desired soft recovery behavior of the high-voltage diode can be established through the range of the irradiation and/or the choice of dose. -
FIG. 5 graphically shows a simulation of the profiles of the current density Jpin against time t during the turn-off of the high-voltage diode by means of the various irradiation techniques described previously; to be precise curve II shows the known method already explained with reference toFIG. 2 in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced only from the side of the p+-type anode emitter 4, curve III shows the first alternative of the method according to the invention which was explained with reference toFIG. 3 , in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime is reduced from both sides, i.e. on the part of the p+-type anode emitter and on the part of the n+-type cathode emitter, and curve IV finally shows the second alternative described with reference toFIG. 4 , in the case of which the charge carrier lifetime τ is reduced only from the n+-type cathode emitter side. - Curves II, III and IV in
FIG. 6 reproduce simulation results of the voltage profiles during the turn-off of the high-voltage diode by means of the two irradiation techniques according to the invention (curves III and IV) in comparison with the known irradiation for reducing the charge carrier lifetime τ only from the side of the p+-type anode emitter (curve II). -
FIG. 7 finally shows a comparison of the three procedures, i.e. of the two procedures proposed according to the invention and the procedure that is customary in the prior art, on the basis of the turn-off work loss Woff of the high-voltage diode. The square point designated by II indicates the turn-off work loss of a high-voltage diode treated in accordance with the prior art. The points designated by III and IV indicate the turn-off work loss Woff of a high-voltage diode treated by means of the two alternative procedures according to the invention with regard to the charge carrier lifetime. The comparison of the known procedure and the two procedures according to the invention that is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7 shows that the best result between the soft recovery behavior, the forward voltage drop and the turn-off work loss is to be obtained by rear-side irradiation (FIG. 4 and FIGS. 5 to 7, curves IV). The smallest reverse current and voltage peak can be obtained by means of the two-sided setting of the charge carrier lifetime τ (FIG. 3 andFIGS. 5-7 , curves III). - The intensity of the local lifetime reduction that is to be aimed for on the p+-type anode emitter side results from the doping profile of said p+-type anode emitter; in other words, a relatively intense local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime is desirable in the case of a strong, highly doped anode emitter. In the case of a weakly doped p+-type anode emitter, in the extreme case, no local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ is necessary at all on the side of the p+-type anode emitter since only relatively few free charge carriers are injected from said emitter.
- What is crucial for the reduction of the charge carrier life-time on the side of the n-type cathode emitter is that it is effected in the field stop and at a significant certain distance from the n+-type cathode emitter. The silicon bulk between the position of the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ and the n+-type cathode emitter stores the flooding charge that leads to the soft recovery behavior of the high-voltage diode. This accounts for the difference from PT/IGBT structures, for example, where the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime X is intended to be situated as far as possible just in front of the rear side emitter in order to obtain a minimum storage and flooding charge.
- Generally, a so-called Kleinmann diode, that is a diode with a horizontal constant charge carrier profile in the on-state case, yields the most favorable trade-off between on-state behavior and the total diode-induced switching losses. However, the Kleinmann diode structure has a very rough switching behavior. Current chopping, as mentioned, is undesirable in many applications because the high overvoltage at leakage inductances due to the high di/dt can lead to the destruction of the components or at least to an unfavorable EMC behavior.
- The invention makes it possible to increase the switching losses in a targeted manner in favor of a softer switching behavior. The most moderate increase in the switching losses is achieved by introducing a local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ in the field stop zone approximately at or just in front of the location reached by the electric field at maximum intermediate circuit voltage. The rear side emitter, i.e. the n+-type cathode emitter, is deliberately made stronger than in the case of a Kleinmann diode. The doping of the field stop zone itself is made comparatively low and is significantly less than 1016/cm3. The total field stop dose approximately has the value of the breakdown charge or somewhat more than that. Consequently, the electric field reaches far into the field stop zone, and the establishment of the space charge zone and thus the voltage rise at the chip is braked by means of the depletion of the flooding charge. It is possible for the field stop to be made lightly doped here because, unlike in other cases, it does not have to function as an “emitter brake”. The n+-type cathode emitter is set in a targeted manner by means of other techniques, such as, for example, the choice of implantation dose.
- For the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ only from the front side, i.e. from the side of the p+-
type anode emitter 4, described with reference toFIG. 2 , the most favorable switching properties of the high-voltage diodes are achieved in direct proximity to the pn junction at the anode. - If the efficiency of the p+-
type anode emitter 4 is then reduced, whether by low implantation doses or by local reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ, a soft turn-off is achieved with a reduced overall thickness of the n-doped base and with the procedures proposed above according to the invention. A further possibility is the combination of the reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ with the field stop diffusion, i.e. a reduction of the charge carrier lifetime τ which has a spatially greater extent and is more moderate in return. - The procedures according to the invention for reducing the charge carrier lifetime τ (on both sides or exclusively on the n+-type cathode emitter side) afford the possibility of adapting diodes to different customer wishes (soft or hard turn-off, reverse current peak, switching losses) without intervening in the production technology in this case. This enables a high degree of flexibility in the realization of high-voltage diodes.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10223951A DE10223951B4 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2002-05-29 | High-voltage diode with optimized switch-off method and corresponding optimization method |
DE10223951.7 | 2002-05-29 | ||
PCT/DE2003/001725 WO2003103059A1 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-05-27 | High-voltage diode with an optimized switch-off method and corresponding optimization method |
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US20050230702A1 true US20050230702A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
US7705369B2 US7705369B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
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US10/999,111 Expired - Fee Related US7705369B2 (en) | 2002-05-29 | 2003-03-27 | High-voltage diode with optimized turn-off method and corresponding optimization method |
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US (1) | US7705369B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10223951B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003103059A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
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US20070176229A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-08-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Integrated circuit having compensation component |
EP2135284A1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2009-12-23 | Transic AB | Silicon carbide semiconductor device |
CN103050546A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-17 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Semiconductor device |
EP3242330A1 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-08 | Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device, Ltd. | Diode and power convertor using the same |
US10056451B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2018-08-21 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for producing semiconductor device |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE465510T1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2010-05-15 | Infineon Technologies Austria | METHOD FOR TREATING A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER CONTAINING OXYGEN AND SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT |
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US20030122151A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-07-03 | Anton Mauder | High-voltage diode |
US20030197247A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-10-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | High-voltage diode |
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- 2002-05-29 DE DE10223951A patent/DE10223951B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
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- 2003-03-27 US US10/999,111 patent/US7705369B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-27 WO PCT/DE2003/001725 patent/WO2003103059A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US4752818A (en) * | 1985-09-28 | 1988-06-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Semiconductor device with multiple recombination center layers |
US5747872A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1998-05-05 | Semikron Elektronic Gmbh | Fast power diode |
US5883403A (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1999-03-16 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Power semiconductor device |
US20030122151A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-07-03 | Anton Mauder | High-voltage diode |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070176229A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-08-02 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Integrated circuit having compensation component |
US8963245B2 (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2015-02-24 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Integrated circuit having lateral compensation component |
US8502281B2 (en) | 2006-01-16 | 2013-08-06 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Integrated circuit having vertical compensation component |
US8063419B2 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2011-11-22 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Integrated circuit having compensation component |
EP2135284A4 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2012-04-25 | Fairchild Semiconductor | Silicon carbide semiconductor device |
US20100117097A1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-05-13 | Martin Domeij | Silicon carbide semiconductor device |
US8829533B2 (en) | 2007-04-11 | 2014-09-09 | Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation | Silicon carbide semiconductor device |
EP2135284A1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2009-12-23 | Transic AB | Silicon carbide semiconductor device |
CN103050546A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2013-04-17 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Semiconductor device |
US10056451B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2018-08-21 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for producing semiconductor device |
US10355079B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2019-07-16 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for producing semiconductor device |
US10930733B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2021-02-23 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for producing semiconductor device |
US11469297B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2022-10-11 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for producing semiconductor device |
EP3242330A1 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-08 | Hitachi Power Semiconductor Device, Ltd. | Diode and power convertor using the same |
JP2017201644A (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Diode, and power conversion device using the same |
CN107342329A (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-10 | 株式会社日立功率半导体 | Diode and the power-converting device for having used diode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7705369B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
WO2003103059A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
DE10223951A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
DE10223951B4 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
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