US20050204476A1

US20050204476A1 - Inflatable support

Info

Publication number: US20050204476A1
Application number: US10/507,958
Authority: US
Inventors: Simon Roff; Christopher Rowe
Original assignee: Huntleigh Technology Ltd
Current assignee: Huntleigh Technology Ltd
Priority date: 2002-03-14
Filing date: 2003-03-10
Publication date: 2005-09-22
Also published as: GB0305408D0; GB2387325B; GB2387325A; WO2003077818A1; EP1482891B1; EP1482891A1; TW200305385A; TWI300708B; DK1482891T3; AU2003209483A1; AU2003209483B2; GB0205924D0

Abstract

An alternating pad comprises a first set and a second set of alternately inflatable cells. Both sets of inflatable cells are supplied with air from a pump via a rotary valve. A sensor is positioned under the pad to receive pressure exerted by a patient upon movement and to be compressible relative to the applied pressure. Any change in patient position or movement will cause an alteration in the airflow in the sensor pad tube and will reduce or increase the differential pressure measured at the pressure transducer. Based on this feedback the microprocessor directly controls the power level to the pump and increases or decreases the air flow to the cells to alter the amplitude of the cells and also controls the timing of the rotary valve to change the timing of the inflation and deflation cycle.

Description

This invention relates to an inflatable support, in particular an inflatable support that measures the movements of a patient supported on the support and adjusts the support provided depending on the movements detected.
There have been several techniques developed to measure body movement, patient entry and patient exit from a support using fluctuations in air pressure in the inflatable supports or inflatable bodies inserted between the patient and a supporting surface. The technique of measuring body movements by recording the air pressure in an air filled pad placed under a mattress was described by Kusunoki (1985). Another system has been developed to measure the respiratory movements of subjects by measuring pressure changes in a supporting air mattress (Hernandez 1995). U.S. Pat. No. 6,036,660 describes a system that uses transducers to detect and display movement in an air-filled cell or cells between a patient and a support.
Overall, these systems give a numerical or visual display of detected movement using the fluctuation of static air in an enclosed cell or cells. Since, there is a link between the rate of spontaneous body movements and the risk of developing pressure sores (Exton-Smith et al, 1961), the information provided or displayed helps in the assessment of the risk of pressure sore development. The information can be used to increase the manual turning of the patient or to aid the decision to move the patient to another support surface. Equally, the information can be completely ignored in a busy ward.
The aim of this invention is to provide an inflatable support whose inflation and/or deflation regime is automatically controlled in dependence upon the movement of a patient on the support therefore patient comfort and pressure relief is automatically optimised without requiring external input from a carer or nurse.
Accordingly, the invention provides an inflatable support supplied with air from a pump by means of valve, a sensor positioned under the support to measure the movements of a patient on the support, and control means adjusting the inflation and/or deflation of the support by the pump in response to the measurement values from the sensor. Thus, where a patient is able to move by themselves on a regular basis on an inflatable mattress, the pressures at which the mattress is inflated can be adjusted to improve comfort without increasing the risk of pressure sore development.
In an alternating pressure mattress, it is known that there is a compromise between an effective alternating pressure cycle used to reduce the risk of pressure sore development and the comfort experienced by the patient. Preferably, the inflatable support is an alternating inflatable support and more preferably, the control means adjusts the inflation and/or deflation pressures and cycle times of the support in response to the measurement values from the sensor.
Therefore, where a patient is able to move by themselves on a regular basis on an alternating mattress, the inflation/deflation cycle parameters can be altered to improve comfort without increasing the risk of pressure sore development. For example, the present invention can lengthen the cycle time to provide extra comfort for those patients who are making significant autonomous movements, or shorten the time for those patients that require more active pressure relief.
Preferably, a display of the patient movement is also provided. Many of the risk assessment tools (Waterlow, Norton & Braden) use movement as part of their scoring system and an accurate movement display would help the nurses select the correct support surface.
An embodiment of the present invention is described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a support according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the control algorithm; and
FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show displays of the various body movements measured according to the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, an alternating pad 1 is shown comprising a first set 11 and a second set 12 of alternately inflatable cells. Both sets of inflatable cells are supplied with air from a pump 6 via a rotary valve 7. A pair of air supply lines 14 lead from the rotary valve 7 to the pad 1.
A tube 10 of a sensor 8 is connected at one end to the output of the pump 6 and at the other end to a solenoid 44, pressure transducer 16 and a restrictor 15. The sensor 8 is positioned under the pad 1 to receive pressure exerted by a patient upon movement and to be compressible relative to the applied pressure.
In use, the pump 6 delivers air to the pad 1 by means of a rotary valve 7 so that each set of cells of the pad is alternately inflated and deflated. A pressure transducer 5 is used to check the pressure of the output from the pump 6. The system operates on an inflation/deflation cycle repeating over periods varying from two minutes to over twenty minutes.
During the inflation cycle, the rotary valve 7 is in such a position that a portion of the flow goes via the tube 10 and the rest fills the cells 11 or 12 depending on the cycle. Any change in patient position or movement will cause an alteration in the airflow in the sensor pad tube 10 and will reduce or increase the differential pressure measured at the pressure transducer 16. Based on this feedback the microprocessor directly controls the power level to the pump and therefore the compressor(s) pneumatic output, thus increasing or decreasing the air flow to the cells 11, 12 to alter the amplitude of the cells 11, 12 and control the timing of the rotary valve 7 to change the timing of the inflation and deflation cycle.
The sensor air flow is measured via the differential pressure across the restrictors 15. The differential pressure is measured by pressure transducer 16 by comparison to atmospheric pressure.
The pressure recordings at the sensor exit, because of fluctuations in the air within the sensor 8, are measured and the movements analysed, the control means then controls the rotary valve 7, and thus the timing of the pressure cycle in response to the movements detected. Preferably, the detected movement values are also displayed on a display panel on the pump.
As shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b, the pressure transducer 16 recordings can distinguish between the various types of movements, including large and small body movements, patient exit and patient location. A windowing technique is used to detect the various movement parameters.
The large body movements indicate a significant change in body position with a subsequent redistribution of body weight. If the large body movements are within normal levels, for example, 1 large movement every 10 minutes, then the frequency of the flow cycle is reduced, increasing the comfort to the patient. The frequency is increased when there are no large body movements detected.
The patient exit is detected by sudden large changes in the pressure, or by comparison of the pressures between consecutive cycles.
Additionally, the pad 1 can be segmented into zones for a heel section, an upper leg section, a mid torso section, and a head section. The sections can be inflated at differing amplitudes for comfort and reduced risk of pressure sore development.
Although the particular embodiment described above relates to an alternating pressure pad 1, the invention applies equally to a static pressure pad with a sensor and further a pad having a zoned head, upper leg, torso and heel sections.
The pump 6 uses powered pulse width modulated (PWM) driven compressors as opposed to the mains alternating current driven compressors of the prior art. A micro-controller creates the driving waveform for the compressors C1, C2 with variable mark space constant repetition rate and constant amplitude, so that the pump 6 is not dependent for performance on any particular mains voltage or frequency. Therefore, the pump 6 can be operated from the mains voltage of any country. The compressors output is varied by varying the PWM mark space ratio from zero to maximum.
The sensor 8 and control means can be used to display the number of times the patient has moved on the support and sound an alarm if the patient has not moved or initiate contact with a third party by means of conventional communications devices.

Claims

1. An inflatable support comprising:

a pad effective to receive air from a pump by means of a valve, a sensor positioned under the pad effective to measure the movements of a patient on the pad to produce measurement valves, and control means effective to automatically adjust the inflation and/or deflation of the pad by the pump in response to the measurement values.

2. An inflatable support as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pad is an alternating pressure pad.

3. An inflatable support as claimed in claim 2 wherein the control means adjusts the inflation and/or deflation of the support by the pump and further controls the valve to adjust cycle times of the inflation and/or deflation in response to the measurement values.

4. An inflatable support as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a display effective to display a representation of the measurement valves.

5. The inflatable support as recited in claim 1, wherein

during the inflation, the valve allows at least part of the air to go to the sensor;

the movements of the patient produce a change in the air in the sensor; and

the movement values are produced based on the change in the air in the sensor.

6. The inflatable support as recited in claim 1, wherein the sensor comprises a pressure transducer.

7. The inflatable support as recited in claim 1, wherein the pad is segmented into zones for a heel section, an upper leg section, a mid torso section and a head section.