US20050196602A1 - A plastic composite element - Google Patents
A plastic composite element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050196602A1 US20050196602A1 US10/908,618 US90861805A US2005196602A1 US 20050196602 A1 US20050196602 A1 US 20050196602A1 US 90861805 A US90861805 A US 90861805A US 2005196602 A1 US2005196602 A1 US 2005196602A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- composite element
- plastic composite
- outer covering
- shaped part
- rigid foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
- B29C44/0461—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities by having different chemical compositions in different places, e.g. having different concentrations of foaming agent, feeding one composition after the other
- B29C44/0469—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities by having different chemical compositions in different places, e.g. having different concentrations of foaming agent, feeding one composition after the other provided with physical separators between the different materials, e.g. separating layers, mould walls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24983—Hardness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plastic composite element, such as an interior lining element for a motor vehicle.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,457 discloses a method for producing a seat cushion.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a plastic composite element and a corresponding plastic composite element that may be produced at low costs.
- the plastic composite element may include an outer covering, flexible foam, rigid foam, and a separating means.
- the flexible foam is to be understood as a distinction over the rigid foam which is also to be applied, and is to express that the flexible foam is more flexible than the rigid foam. Therefore, the flexible foam may also include so-called semi-rigid foams, such as polyurethane foams having a specific weight of e.g., 0.11 to 1.18 g/m 3 .
- the rigidity of the flexible foam can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of the components, which are normally two, and can be adapted to the demands made on the comfort and/or safety of the respective application, the shape of the composite element, the thickness of the flexible foam, and/or the thickness and rigidity of the rigid foam.
- the outer covering may consist of a plastic material, e.g., a deep-drawn polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and comprise a relief and/or decoration on the visible surface. Typical reliefs may include grained imitation leathers.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the outer covering may be a shaped part which can be prefabricated accordingly.
- the separating means between flexible and rigid foam may be produced by deep drawing, deep-drawn parts of plastics being suitable for reasons of costs, e.g. parts made of acrylic butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene (PS).
- ABS acrylic butadiene styrene
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PS polystyrene
- the initial thickness of the shaped part used as the separating means may be between 0.1 and 0.7 mm, depending on the material used and the shape.
- the separating means may prevent a change which is detrimental to aesthetics, haptics, shape, and/or safety that may occur in the flexible foam and/or the outer covering or the composite element due to the compressive stresses arising during the back-foaming with rigid foam and possibly becoming visible upon removal of the composite element from the mold.
- the outer covering is placed into a correspondingly formed lower mold and the flexible foam material which forms the flexible foam is then applied to the back side of the outer covering.
- the flexible foam material which forms the flexible foam is then applied to the back side of the outer covering.
- it will take some time, normally a few seconds, until a foaming and thus an increase in volume of the flexible foam material occurs.
- the shaped part Prior to or during foaming of the flexible foam material the shaped part is brought into contact with the flexible foam material.
- the shaped part may be mounted on a correspondingly shaped upper mold and held in the upper mold; for instance, by vacuum application at the back side, locking or clamping.
- FIG. 1 shows a detail of the production of a plastic composite element according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a plastic composite element according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a detail of the production of a plastic composite element 1 according to the invention, namely the lining of the outer covering 2 with a flexible foam 3 and the application of a shaped part 4 as a separating means between the flexible foam 3 and the rigid foam 5 to be applied subsequently.
- a predeterminable amount of the flexible foam material which after foaming yields a PU semi-rigid foam with a specific weight between 0.11 and 0.18 g/cm 3 , is applied to the back side 2 a of the outer covering 2 which is put into a lower mold 6 and has previously been produced as a deep-drawn part from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), possibly by using the illustrated lower mold 6 , and which is provided on its surface 2 b with a decoration and/or a relief.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- the upper mold 7 including the mounted shaped part 4 that has been produced by deep drawing from an ABS plastic material with an initial thickness adapted to the mechanical properties required, and the lower mold 6 are joined while the flexible foam 3 is foaming and still deformable.
- a temperature of the lower and upper molds 6 , 7 of e.g., about 45° C. and a suitable flexible foam material, the foaming process starts and thus the increase in volume of the flexible foam material after about 10 to 12 seconds after application to the outer covering 2 .
- Lower and upper molds 6 , 7 remain closed until the complete hardening of the flexible foam 3 .
- the composite of outer covering 2 /flexible foam 3 /shaped part 4 is lined in a further step of the method with a rigid foam 5 .
- the shaped part 4 is fixed by vacuum application at the back side to the upper mold 7 which to this end comprises connection channels 8 between a vacuum chamber 9 , which can be brought into operative communication with a vacuum pump (not shown) and can be aerated, if necessary, and the mold surface 7 a of the upper mold 7 that is oriented towards the back side 4 a of the shaped part 4 .
- the shaped part 4 can also be fixed by clamping or locking to the upper mold 7 .
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a plastic composite element 1 according to the invention, which may be an element of an interior trim for a door of a motor vehicle.
- the outer covering 2 may be prefabricated by deep drawing. On its surface 2 b directed to the interior of the motor vehicle, it may comprise a leather-like texture or graining.
- the outer covering is lined with the flexible foam 3 .
- the hardness of the flexible foam 3 and the thickness of the flexible foam layer are adapted to the respective application, in particular to the demands made on comfort and/or security.
- the flexible foam 3 may be lined with the rigid foam 5 with intermediate placement of the shaped part 4 which has also been prefabricated by deep drawing and consists of an ABS plastic material having an initial thickness of 0.3 mm.
- the shaped part 4 is connected on its edge portions in planar contact with the outer covering 2 and by the flexible foam 3 to said covering, so that the rigid foam 5 is reliably prevented from penetrating the area of the flexible foam 3 between the outer covering 2 and the shaped part 4 .
- the rigid foam 5 can come into direct contact with the outer covering 2 and directly line said covering.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/204,677 filed Nov. 7, 2002, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a plastic composite element, such as an interior lining element for a motor vehicle.
- 2. Background Art
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,457 discloses a method for producing a seat cushion.
- The present invention provides a method for producing a plastic composite element and a corresponding plastic composite element that may be produced at low costs. The plastic composite element may include an outer covering, flexible foam, rigid foam, and a separating means.
- The use of the term flexible foam is to be understood as a distinction over the rigid foam which is also to be applied, and is to express that the flexible foam is more flexible than the rigid foam. Therefore, the flexible foam may also include so-called semi-rigid foams, such as polyurethane foams having a specific weight of e.g., 0.11 to 1.18 g/m3. The rigidity of the flexible foam can be adjusted by the mixing ratio of the components, which are normally two, and can be adapted to the demands made on the comfort and/or safety of the respective application, the shape of the composite element, the thickness of the flexible foam, and/or the thickness and rigidity of the rigid foam.
- The outer covering may consist of a plastic material, e.g., a deep-drawn polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and comprise a relief and/or decoration on the visible surface. Typical reliefs may include grained imitation leathers. The outer covering may be a shaped part which can be prefabricated accordingly.
- The separating means between flexible and rigid foam may be produced by deep drawing, deep-drawn parts of plastics being suitable for reasons of costs, e.g. parts made of acrylic butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polystyrene (PS). The initial thickness of the shaped part used as the separating means may be between 0.1 and 0.7 mm, depending on the material used and the shape. The separating means may prevent a change which is detrimental to aesthetics, haptics, shape, and/or safety that may occur in the flexible foam and/or the outer covering or the composite element due to the compressive stresses arising during the back-foaming with rigid foam and possibly becoming visible upon removal of the composite element from the mold.
- For lining purposes the outer covering is placed into a correspondingly formed lower mold and the flexible foam material which forms the flexible foam is then applied to the back side of the outer covering. Depending on the temperature of the flexible foam material, the shape and the environment, it will take some time, normally a few seconds, until a foaming and thus an increase in volume of the flexible foam material occurs. Prior to or during foaming of the flexible foam material the shaped part is brought into contact with the flexible foam material. The shaped part may be mounted on a correspondingly shaped upper mold and held in the upper mold; for instance, by vacuum application at the back side, locking or clamping.
- Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description in which one embodiment is described in detail with reference to the drawings.
-
FIG. 1 shows a detail of the production of a plastic composite element according to the invention; and -
FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a plastic composite element according to the invention. -
FIG. 1 shows a detail of the production of a plasticcomposite element 1 according to the invention, namely the lining of theouter covering 2 with aflexible foam 3 and the application of a shaped part 4 as a separating means between theflexible foam 3 and the rigid foam 5 to be applied subsequently. To this end a predeterminable amount of the flexible foam material, which after foaming yields a PU semi-rigid foam with a specific weight between 0.11 and 0.18 g/cm3, is applied to theback side 2 a of theouter covering 2 which is put into alower mold 6 and has previously been produced as a deep-drawn part from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), possibly by using the illustratedlower mold 6, and which is provided on itssurface 2 b with a decoration and/or a relief. - Subsequently, the
upper mold 7, including the mounted shaped part 4 that has been produced by deep drawing from an ABS plastic material with an initial thickness adapted to the mechanical properties required, and thelower mold 6 are joined while theflexible foam 3 is foaming and still deformable. At a temperature of the lower andupper molds outer covering 2. Lower andupper molds flexible foam 3. After the mold has been opened, the composite of outer covering 2/flexible foam 3/shaped part 4 is lined in a further step of the method with a rigid foam 5. - In the illustrated embodiment, the shaped part 4 is fixed by vacuum application at the back side to the
upper mold 7 which to this end comprisesconnection channels 8 between avacuum chamber 9, which can be brought into operative communication with a vacuum pump (not shown) and can be aerated, if necessary, and themold surface 7 a of theupper mold 7 that is oriented towards theback side 4 a of the shaped part 4. Alternatively or in addition, the shaped part 4 can also be fixed by clamping or locking to theupper mold 7. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a plasticcomposite element 1 according to the invention, which may be an element of an interior trim for a door of a motor vehicle. Theouter covering 2 may be prefabricated by deep drawing. On itssurface 2 b directed to the interior of the motor vehicle, it may comprise a leather-like texture or graining. In an area of the interior trim of the door that may form a ledge of the door window, the outer covering is lined with theflexible foam 3. The hardness of theflexible foam 3 and the thickness of the flexible foam layer are adapted to the respective application, in particular to the demands made on comfort and/or security. - The
flexible foam 3 may be lined with the rigid foam 5 with intermediate placement of the shaped part 4 which has also been prefabricated by deep drawing and consists of an ABS plastic material having an initial thickness of 0.3 mm. The shaped part 4 is connected on its edge portions in planar contact with theouter covering 2 and by theflexible foam 3 to said covering, so that the rigid foam 5 is reliably prevented from penetrating the area of theflexible foam 3 between theouter covering 2 and the shaped part 4. Outside the shaped part 4 and in particular in an area in which the demands made on comfort and/or safety do not require aflexible foam 3, the rigid foam 5 can come into direct contact with theouter covering 2 and directly line said covering. - While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/908,618 US20050196602A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2005-05-19 | A plastic composite element |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10008775.2 | 2000-02-24 | ||
DE10008775A DE10008775C1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2000-02-24 | Method for producing a plastic composite element, in particular an interior trim element for a motor vehicle, and such a plastic composite element |
US10/204,677 US6932927B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Method for producing a plastic composite element |
US10/908,618 US20050196602A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2005-05-19 | A plastic composite element |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/204,677 Division US6932927B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Method for producing a plastic composite element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050196602A1 true US20050196602A1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
Family
ID=7632311
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/204,677 Expired - Fee Related US6932927B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Method for producing a plastic composite element |
US10/908,618 Abandoned US20050196602A1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2005-05-19 | A plastic composite element |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/204,677 Expired - Fee Related US6932927B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-02-22 | Method for producing a plastic composite element |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6932927B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1257402B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE278525T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10008775C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001062465A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10218004B3 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2004-01-22 | Johnson Controls Interiors Gmbh & Co. Kg | Manufacture of an interior part and interior part |
DE10346730B4 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2014-07-31 | Volkswagen Ag | A method of manufacturing an interior trim panel of a vehicle |
US7964519B2 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2011-06-21 | Polynorm Plastics B.V. | Covering element comprising a sound absorbing element |
CN101456273B (en) * | 2007-12-11 | 2012-12-19 | 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 | Molded product and method for manufacturing same |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3989781A (en) * | 1971-08-17 | 1976-11-02 | Shell Oil Company | Process for producing a fibrous reinforced thermosetting resin impregnated foamed polymeric resin article |
US4287143A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-09-01 | Sears Manufacturing Company | Cloth molding process |
US4544126A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1985-10-01 | General Motors Corporation | Molding apparatus for simultaneously forming a cavity and encapsulating a frame in a foamed body |
US4663210A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1987-05-05 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Paneling member for the interior of automotive vehicles, especially a dashboard |
US4975229A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1990-12-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing laminated resin foam |
US5635271A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1997-06-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Shaped article with thermoformed composite sheet |
US5851457A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-12-22 | Steelcase Inc. | Method of forming an upholstered foam plastic seat cushion |
US6017617A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2000-01-25 | Atoma International, Inc. | Decorative automotive interior trim articles with integral light stable polyurethane elastomer covering and process for making the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0236913A (en) * | 1988-07-26 | 1990-02-06 | Ikeda Bussan Co Ltd | Monolithic molding method for skin material and pad material |
GB2306910A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1997-05-14 | Stanton Rubber & Plastics Ltd | Moulding articles having regions of differing hardness |
-
2000
- 2000-02-24 DE DE10008775A patent/DE10008775C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-22 EP EP01925355A patent/EP1257402B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-22 WO PCT/EP2001/001994 patent/WO2001062465A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-22 DE DE50103980T patent/DE50103980D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-22 AT AT01925355T patent/ATE278525T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-22 US US10/204,677 patent/US6932927B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-19 US US10/908,618 patent/US20050196602A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3989781A (en) * | 1971-08-17 | 1976-11-02 | Shell Oil Company | Process for producing a fibrous reinforced thermosetting resin impregnated foamed polymeric resin article |
US4287143A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-09-01 | Sears Manufacturing Company | Cloth molding process |
US4663210A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1987-05-05 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Paneling member for the interior of automotive vehicles, especially a dashboard |
US4544126A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1985-10-01 | General Motors Corporation | Molding apparatus for simultaneously forming a cavity and encapsulating a frame in a foamed body |
US4975229A (en) * | 1985-04-16 | 1990-12-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for producing laminated resin foam |
US5635271A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1997-06-03 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Shaped article with thermoformed composite sheet |
US5851457A (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 1998-12-22 | Steelcase Inc. | Method of forming an upholstered foam plastic seat cushion |
US6017617A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2000-01-25 | Atoma International, Inc. | Decorative automotive interior trim articles with integral light stable polyurethane elastomer covering and process for making the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1257402B1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
US6932927B2 (en) | 2005-08-23 |
DE50103980D1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
WO2001062465A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
DE10008775C1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
US20030143385A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
ATE278525T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
EP1257402A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
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