US20050183576A1 - Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist - Google Patents
Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist Download PDFInfo
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- US20050183576A1 US20050183576A1 US11/003,035 US303504A US2005183576A1 US 20050183576 A1 US20050183576 A1 US 20050183576A1 US 303504 A US303504 A US 303504A US 2005183576 A1 US2005183576 A1 US 2005183576A1
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- housing
- air
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- outlet
- inlet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/32—Transportable units, e.g. for cleaning room air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
- B03C3/363—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located before the filter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
- B03C3/365—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located after the filter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
- B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
- B03C3/366—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located in the filter, e.g. special shape of the electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
- B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/14—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation the gas being moved electro-kinetically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/28—Parts being easily removable for cleaning purposes
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to devices that transport and/or condition air.
- FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic device 10 to condition air.
- Device 10 includes a housing 20 that typically has at least one air input 30 and at least one air output 40 .
- an electrode assembly or system 50 comprising a first electrode array 60 having at least one electrode 70 and comprising a second electrode array 80 having at least one electrode 90 .
- System 10 further includes a high voltage generator 95 coupled between the first and second electrode arrays.
- ozone and ionized particles of air are generated within device 10 , and there is an electro-kinetic flow of air in the direction from the first electrode array 60 towards the second electrode array 80 .
- the large arrow denoted IN represents ambient air that can enter input port 30 .
- the small “x”s denote particulate matter that may be present in the incoming ambient air.
- the air movement is in the direction of the large arrows, and the output airflow, denoted OUT, exits device 10 via outlet 40 .
- An advantage of electro-kinetic devices such as device 10 is that an airflow is created without using fans or other moving parts.
- device 10 in FIG. 1 can function somewhat as a fan to create an output airflow, but without requiring moving parts.
- particulate matter “x” in the ambient air can be electrostatically attracted to the second electrode array 80 , with the result that the outflow (OUT) of air from device 10 not only contains ozone and ionized air, but can be cleaner than the ambient air. In such devices, it can become necessary to occasionally clean the second electrode array electrodes 80 to remove particulate matter and other debris from the surface of electrodes 90 . Accordingly, the outflow of air (OUT) is conditioned in that particulate matter is removed and the outflow includes appropriate amounts of ozone, and some ions.
- microorganisms such as germs, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the like, collectively hereinafter “microorganisms.” It is known in the art to destroy such microorganisms with, by way of example only, germicidal lamps. Such lamps can emit ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of about 254 nm.
- germicidal lamps can emit ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of about 254 nm.
- devices to condition air using mechanical fans, HEPA filters, and germicidal lamps are sold commercially by companies such as Austin Air, C.A.R.E. 2000, Amaircare, and others. Often these devices are somewhat cumbersome, and have the size and bulk of a small filing cabinet. Although such fan-powered devices can reduce or destroy microorganisms, the devices tend to be bulky, and are not necessarily silent in operation.
- the present invention is directed to an air transporter-conditioner device, which comprises an elongated housing which has a bottom, a top and an elongated side wall.
- the housing has an inlet which located adjacent to the bottom and an outlet which located adjacent to the elongated side wall.
- the device includes an emitter electrode and a collector electrode as well as a high voltage generator which is operably connected to both electrodes.
- the device also includes a fan that is configured to draw air into the housing through the inlet as well as direct the air along the elongated housing.
- a baffle is configured in the device to direct air from the fan toward the outlet.
- the housing includes a second elongated side wall, whereby the baffle includes a plurality of deflectors which are positioned along the second elongated side wall to direct air flow toward the outlet.
- the baffle includes a plurality of elongated columns of varying lengths, wherein each column includes a deflector configured to direct air toward the outlet.
- the device includes a second inlet is located adjacent to the elongated side wall.
- a germicidal lamp located inside the elongated housing.
- FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic conditioner device that outputs ionized air and ozone, according to the prior art
- FIGS. 2 A- 2 B FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the housing;
- FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2A , illustrating the removable array of second electrodes;
- FIGS. 3 A- 3 E FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the device shown in FIGS. 2A-2B without a base;
- FIG. 3B is a top view of the embodiment of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3A ;
- FIG. 3C is a partial perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A-3B , illustrating the removable second array of electrodes;
- FIG. 3D is a side view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A including a base;
- FIG. 3E is a perspective view of the embodiment in FIG. 3D , illustrating a removable rear panel which exposes a germicidal lamp;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the device.
- FIGS. 5 A- 5 B FIG. 5A is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of an embodiment of the device, illustrating one configuration of the germicidal lamp;
- FIG. 5B is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of another embodiment of the device, illustrating another configuration of the germicidal lamp;
- FIG. 6 is a top, partial cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the device.
- FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of the device.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram used to describe embodiments of the device that sense and suppress arcing
- FIG. 9 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 10 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 11 is a further alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 12 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 , through section 11 - 11 ;
- FIG. 13 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 14 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 15 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 , through section 14 - 14 ;
- FIG. 16 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan
- FIG. 17 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans
- FIG. 18 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans
- FIG. 19 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans
- FIG. 20 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan.
- FIGS. 2A-2B depict a system which does not have incorporated therein a germicidal lamp. However, these embodiments do include other aspects such as the removable second electrodes which can be included in the other described embodiments.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system 100 whose housing 102 includes preferably rear-located intake vents or louvers 104 and preferably front-located exhaust vents 106 , and a base pedestal 108 .
- the housing 102 is freestanding and/or upstandingly vertical and/or elongated.
- an ion generating unit 160 Internal to the transporter housing 102 is an ion generating unit 160 , preferably powered by an AC:DC power supply that is energizable or excitable using switch S 1 .
- Switch S 1 along with the other below-described user operated switches, is conveniently located at the top 103 of the unit 100 .
- Ion generating unit 160 is self-contained in that other than ambient air, nothing is required from beyond the transporter housing 102 , save external operating potential, for operation of the present invention.
- the upper surface 103 of the housing 102 includes a user-liftable handle member 112 to which is affixed a second array 240 of collector electrodes 242 .
- the housing 102 also encloses a first array of emitter electrodes 230 , or a single first emitter electrode shown here as a single wire or wire-shaped electrode 232 .
- handle member 112 lifts second array electrodes 240 upward causing the second electrode to telescope out of the top of the housing and, if desired, out of unit 100 for cleaning, while the first electrode array 230 remains within unit 100 .
- the second array of electrodes 240 can be lifted vertically out from the top 103 of unit 100 along the longitudinal axis or direction of the elongated housing 102 .
- FIG. 2B the bottom ends of second electrodes 242 are connected to a member 113 , to which is attached a mechanism 500 , which includes a flexible member and a slot for capturing and cleaning the first electrode 232 , whenever handle member 112 is moved upward or downward by a user.
- the first and second arrays of electrodes are coupled to the output terminals of ion generating unit 160 .
- the general shape of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B is that of a figure eight in cross-section, although other shapes are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- the top-to-bottom height in one preferred embodiment is 1 m, with a left-to-right width of preferably 15 cm, and a front-to-back depth of perhaps 10 cm, although other dimensions and shapes can of course be used.
- a louvered construction provides ample inlet and outlet venting in an ergonomical housing configuration. There need be no real distinction between vents 104 and 106 , except their location relative to the second electrodes. These vents serve to ensure that an adequate flow of ambient air can be drawn into or made available to the unit 100 , and that an adequate flow of ionized air that includes appropriate amounts of O 3 flows out from unit 100 .
- unit 100 when unit 100 is energized by depressing switch S 1 , high voltage or high potential output by an ion generator 160 produces ions at the first electrode 232 , which ions are attracted to the second electrodes 242 .
- the movement of the ions in an “IN” to “OUT” direction carries with the ions air molecules, thus electro-kinetically producing an outflow of ionized air.
- the “IN” notation in FIGS. 2A and 2B denotes the intake of ambient air with particulate matter 60 .
- the “OUT” notation in the figures denotes the outflow of cleaned air substantially devoid of the particulate matter, which particulate matter adheres electrostatically to the surface of the second electrodes.
- ozone In the process of generating the ionized airflow appropriate amounts of ozone (O 3 ) are beneficially produced. It maybe desired to provide the inner surface of housing 102 with an electrostatic shield to reduce detectable electromagnetic radiation.
- a metal shield could be disposed within the housing, or portions of the interior of the housing can be coated with a metallic paint to reduce such radiation.
- FIGS. 3A-6 depict various embodiments of the device 200 , with an improved ability to diminish or destroy microorganisms including bacteria, germs, and viruses. Specifically, FIGS. 3A-6 illustrate various embodiments of the elongated and upstanding housing 210 with the operating controls located on the top surface 217 of the housing 210 for controlling the device 200 .
- FIG. 3A illustrates a first preferred embodiment of the housing 210 of device 200 .
- the housing 210 is preferably made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- a germicidal lamp (described hereinafter) is located within the housing 210 , the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. Non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. It is within the scope of the present invention to manufacture the housing 210 from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- the intake 250 is “upstream” relative to the outlet 260
- the outlet 260 is “downstream” from the intake 250 .
- Upstream and downstream describe the general flow of air into, through, and out of device 200 , as indicated by the large hollow arrows.
- the fins 212 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in the preferred embodiment, vertically oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- the fins 212 are vertical and parallel to at least the second collector electrode array 240 (see FIG. 5A ).
- the fins 212 can also be parallel to the first emitter electrode array 230 . This configuration assists in the flow of air through the device 200 and also assists in preventing UV radiation from the UV or germicidal lamp 290 (described hereinafter), or other germicidal source, from exiting the housing 210 .
- the collector electrode 242 (see FIG. 5A ) can be 11 ⁇ 4′′ wide in the direction of airflow, and the fins 212 can be 3 ⁇ 4′′ or 1 ⁇ 2′′ wide in the direction of airflow.
- Other proportionate dimensions are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- other fin and housing shapes which may not be as aerodynamic are within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped, with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as, preferably, an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as, preferably, an ultraviolet lamp.
- FIG. 3B illustrates the operating controls for the device 200 .
- the airflow speed control dial 214 has three settings from which a user can choose: LOW, MED, and HIGH.
- the airflow rate is proportional to the voltage differential between the electrodes or electrode arrays coupled to the ion generator 160 .
- the LOW, MED, and HIGH settings generate a different predetermined voltage difference between the first and second arrays. For example, the LOW setting will create the smallest voltage difference, while the HIGH setting will create the largest voltage difference.
- the LOW setting will cause the device 200 to generate the slowest airflow rate, while the HIGH setting will cause the device 200 to generate the fastest airflow rate.
- These airflow rates are created by the electronic circuit disclosed in FIGS. 7A-7B , and operate as disclosed below.
- the function dial 218 enables a user to select “ON,” “ON/GP,” or “OFF.”
- the unit 200 functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from the inlet 250 to the outlet 260 , and removing the particles within the airflow when the function dial 218 is set to the “ON” setting.
- the germicidal lamp 290 does not operate, or emit UV light, when the function dial 218 is set to “ON.”
- the device 200 also functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from the inlet 250 to the outlet 260 , and removing particles within the airflow when the function dial 218 is set to the “ON/GP” setting.
- the “ON/GP” setting activates the germicidal lamp 290 to emit UV light to remove or kill bacteria within the airflow.
- the device 200 will not operate when the function dial 218 is set to the “OFF” setting.
- the device 200 preferably generates small amounts of ozone to reduce odors within the room. If there is an extremely pungent odor within the room, or a user would like to temporarily accelerate the rate of cleaning, the device 200 has a boost button 216 .
- the boost button 216 When the boost button 216 is depressed, the device 200 will temporarily increase the airflow rate to a predetermined maximum rate, and generate an increased amount of ozone. The increased amount of ozone will reduce the odor in the room faster than if the device 200 was set to HIGH. The maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of the device 200 .
- pressing the boost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period may be longer or shorter. At the end of the preset time period (e.g., 5 minutes), the device 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by the control dial 214 .
- the overload/cleaning light 219 indicates if the second electrodes 242 require cleaning, or if arcing occurs between the first and second electrode arrays.
- the overload/cleaning light 219 may illuminate either amber or red in color.
- the light 219 will turn amber if the device 200 has been operating continuously for more than two weeks and the second array 240 has not been removed for cleaning within the two-week period.
- the amber light is controlled by the below-described micro-controller unit 130 (see FIG. 7 ).
- the device 200 will continue to operate after the light 219 turns amber.
- the light 219 is only an indicator. There are two ways to reset or turn the light 219 off. A user may remove and replace the second array 240 from the unit 200 . The user may also turn the control dial 218 to the OFF position, and subsequently turn the control dial 218 back to the “ON” or “ON/GP” position.
- the MCU 130 will begin counting a new two-week period upon completing either of these two steps.
- the light 219 will turn red to indicate that continuous arcing has occurred between the first array 230 and the second array 240 , as sensed by the MCU 130 , which receives an arc sensing signal from the collector of an IGBT switch 126 shown in FIG. 7 , described in more detail below.
- the device 200 When continuous arcing occurs, the device 200 will automatically shut itself off. The device 200 cannot be restarted until the device 200 is reset. To reset the device 200 , the second array 240 should first be removed from the housing 210 after the unit 200 is turned off. The second electrode 240 can then be cleaned and placed back into the housing 210 . Then, the device 200 is turned on. If no arcing occurs, the device 200 will operate and generate an airflow. If the arcing between the electrodes continues, the device 200 will again shut itself off, and need to be reset.
- FIG. 3C illustrates the second electrodes 242 partially removed from the housing 210 .
- the handle 202 is attached to an electrode mounting bracket 203 .
- the bracket 203 secures the second electrodes 242 in a fixed, parallel configuration.
- Another similar bracket 203 is attached to the second electrodes 242 substantially at the bottom (not shown).
- the two brackets 203 align the second electrodes 242 parallel to each other, and in-line with the airflow traveling through the housing 210 .
- the brackets 203 are non-conductive surfaces.
- an interlock post 204 extends from the bottom of the handle 202 .
- the handle 202 rests within the top surface 217 of the housing, as shown by FIGS. 3A-3B .
- the interlock post 204 protrudes into the interlock recess 206 and activates a switch connecting the electrical circuit of the unit 200 .
- the interlock post 204 is pulled out of the interlock recess 206 and the switch opens the electrical circuit. With the switch in an open position, the unit 200 will not operate.
- the switch in an open position, the unit 200 will shut off as soon as the interlock post 204 is removed from the interlock recess 206 .
- FIG. 3D depicts the housing 210 mounted on a stand or base 215 .
- the housing 210 has an inlet 250 and an outlet 260 .
- the base 215 sits on a floor surface.
- the base 215 allows the housing 210 to remain in a vertical position. It is within the scope of the present invention for the housing 210 to be pivotally connected to the base 215 .
- housing 210 includes sloped top surface 217 and sloped bottom surface 213 . These surfaces slope inwardly from inlet 250 to outlet 260 to additionally provide a streamlined appearance and effect.
- FIG. 3E illustrates that the housing 210 has a removable rear panel 224 , allowing a user to easily access and remove the germicidal lamp 290 from the housing 210 when the lamp 290 expires.
- This rear panel 224 in this embodiment defines the air inlet and comprises the vertical louvers.
- the rear panel 224 has locking tabs 226 located on each side, along the entire length of the panel 224 .
- the locking tabs 226 are “L”-shaped. Each tab 226 extends away from the panel 224 , inward towards the housing 210 , and then projects downward, parallel with the edge of the panel 224 . It is within the spirit and scope of the invention to have differently-shaped tabs 226 .
- Each tab 226 individually and slidably interlocks with recesses 228 formed within the housing 210 .
- the rear panel 224 also has a biased lever (not shown) located at the bottom of the panel 224 that interlocks with the recess 230 .
- the lever is urged away from the housing 210 , and the panel 224 is slid vertically upward until the tabs 226 disengage the recesses 228 .
- the panel 224 is then pulled away from the housing 210 . Removing the panel 224 exposes the lamp 290 for replacement.
- the panel 224 also has a safety mechanism to shut the device 200 off when the panel 224 is removed.
- the panel 224 has a rear projecting tab (not shown) that engages the safety interlock recess 227 when the panel 224 is secured to the housing 210 .
- the rear tab depresses a safety switch located within the recess 227 when the rear panel 224 is secured to the housing 210 .
- the device 200 will operate only when the rear tab in the panel 224 is fully inserted into the safety interlock recess 227 .
- the rear projecting tab is removed from the recess 227 and the power is cut-off to the entire device 200 .
- the device 200 will turn off as soon as the rear projecting tab disengages from the recess 227 .
- the device 200 will turn off when the rear panel 224 is removed only a very short distance (e.g., 1 ⁇ 4′′) from the housing 210 .
- This safety switch operates very similar to the interlocking post 204 , as shown in FIG. 3C .
- FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the housing 210 .
- the germicidal lamp 290 maybe removed from the housing 210 by lifting the germicidal lamp 290 out of the housing 210 through the top surface 217 .
- the housing 210 does not have a removable rear panel 224 .
- a handle 275 is affixed to the germicidal lamp 290 .
- the handle 275 is recessed within the top surface 217 of the housing 210 similar to the handle 202 , when the lamp 290 is within the housing 210 .
- the handle 275 is vertically raised out of the housing 210 .
- the lamp 290 is situated within the housing 210 in a similar manner as the second array of electrodes 240 . That is to say, that when the lamp 290 is pulled vertically out of the top 217 of the housing 210 , the electrical circuit that provides power to the lamp 290 is disconnected.
- the lamp 290 is mounted in a lamp fixture that has circuit contacts which engage the circuit in FIG. 7A . As the lamp 290 and fixture are pulled out, the circuit contacts are disengaged. Further, as the handle 275 is lifted from the housing 210 , a cutoff switch will shut the entire device 200 off. This safety mechanism ensures that the device 200 will not operate without the lamp 290 placed securely in the housing 210 , preventing an individual from directly viewing the radiation emitted from the lamp 290 . Reinserting the lamp 290 into the housing 210 causes the lamp fixture to re-engage the circuit contacts as is known in the art. In similar, but less convenient fashion, the lamp 290 may be designed to be removed from the bottom of the housing 210 .
- the germicidal lamp 290 is a preferably UV-C lamp that preferably emits viewable light and radiation (in combination referred to as radiation or light 280 ) having wavelength of about 254 nm. This wavelength is effective in diminishing or destroying bacteria, germs, and viruses to which it is exposed.
- Lamps 290 are commercially available.
- the lamp 290 may be a Phillips model TUV 15W/G15 T8, a 15 W tubular lamp measuring about 25 mm in diameter by about 43 cm in length.
- Another suitable lamp is the Phillips TUV 8WG8 T6, an 8 W lamp measuring about 15 mm in diameter by about 29 cm in length.
- Other lamps that emit the desired wavelength can instead be used.
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate preferred locations of the germicidal lamp 290 within the housing 210 .
- FIGS. 5A-5B further show the spatial relationship between the germicidal lamp 290 and the electrode assembly 220 , the germicidal lamp 290 and the inlet 250 , and the outlet 260 and the inlet and outlet louvers.
- the inner surface 211 of the housing 210 diffuses or absorbs the UV light emitted from the lamp 290 .
- FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate that the lamp 290 does emit some light 280 directly onto the inner surface 211 of the housing 210 .
- the inner surface 211 of the housing 210 can be formed with a non-smooth finish, or a non-light reflecting finish or color, to also prevent the UV-C radiation from exiting through either the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 .
- the UV portion of the radiation 280 striking the wall 211 will be absorbed and disbursed as indicated above.
- the fins 212 covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 also limit any line of sight of the user into the housing 210 .
- the fins 212 are vertically oriented within the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 .
- the depth D of each fin 212 is preferably deep enough to prevent an individual from directly viewing the interior wall 211 .
- an individual cannot directly view the inner surface 211 by moving from side-to-side, while looking into the outlet 260 or the inlet 250 .
- Looking between the fins 212 and into the housing 210 allows an individual to “see through” the device 200 . That is, a user can look into the inlet vent 250 or the outlet vent 260 and see out of the other vent.
- the light has a non-UV wavelength that is acceptable for viewing.
- a user viewing into the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 may be able to notice a light or glow emitted from within the housing 210 .
- This light is acceptable to view.
- the radiation 280 strikes the interior surface 211 of the housing 210 , the radiation 280 is shifted from its UV spectrum. The wavelength of the radiation changes from the UV spectrum into an appropriate viewable spectrum. Thus, any light emitted from within the housing 210 is appropriate to view.
- the housing 210 is designed to optimize the reduction of microorganisms within the airflow.
- the efficacy of radiation 280 upon microorganisms depends upon the length of time such organisms are subjected to the radiation 280 .
- the lamp 290 is preferably located within the housing 210 where the airflow is the slowest.
- the lamp 290 is disposed within the housing 210 along line A-A (see FIGS. 5A-7 ).
- Line A-A designates the largest width and cross-sectional area of the housing 210 , perpendicular to the airflow.
- the housing 210 creates a fixed volume for the air to pass through.
- air enters the inlet 250 which has a smaller width, and cross-sectional area, than along line A-A. Since the width and cross-sectional area of the housing 210 along line A-A are larger than the width and cross-sectional area of the inlet 250 , the airflow will decelerate from the inlet 250 to the line A-A.
- the lamp 290 substantially along line A-A, the air will have the longest dwell time as it passes through the radiation 280 emitted by the lamp 290 . In other words, the microorganisms within the air will be subjected to the radiation 280 for the longest period possible by placing the lamp 290 along line A-A. It is, however, within the scope of the present invention to locate the lamp 290 anywhere within the housing 210 , preferably upstream of the electrode assembly 220 .
- a shell or housing 270 substantially surrounds the lamp 290 .
- the shell 270 prevents the light 280 from shining directly towards the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 .
- the interior surface of the shell 270 that faces the lamp 290 is a non-reflective surface.
- the interior surface of the shell 270 may be a rough surface, or painted a dark, non-gloss color such as black.
- the lamp 290 as shown in FIGS. 5A-5B , is a circular tube parallel to the housing 210 .
- the lamp 290 is substantially the same length as, or shorter than, the fins 212 covering the inlet 250 and outlet 260 .
- the lamp 290 emits the light 280 outward in a 360° pattern.
- the shell 270 blocks the portion of the light 280 emitted directly towards the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 . As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B , there is no direct line of sight through the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 that would allow a person to view the lamp 290 .
- the shell 270 can have an internal reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream.
- the lamp 290 is located along the side of the housing 210 and near the inlet 250 . After the air passes through the inlet 250 , the air is immediately exposed to the light 280 emitted by the lamp 290 .
- An elongated “U”-shaped shell 270 substantially encloses the lamp 290 .
- the shell 270 has two mounts to support and electrically connect the lamp 290 to the power supply.
- the shell 270 comprises two separate surfaces.
- the wall 274 a is located between the lamp 290 and the inlet 250 .
- the first wall 274 a is preferably “U”-shaped, with the concave surface facing the lamp 290 .
- the convex surface of the wall 274 a is preferably a non-reflective surface. Alternatively, the convex surface of the wall 274 a may reflect the light 280 outward toward the passing airflow.
- the wall 274 a is integrally formed with the removable rear panel 224 . When the rear panel 224 is removed from the housing 210 , the wall 274 a is also removed, exposing the germicidal lamp 290 .
- the germicidal lamp 290 is easily accessible in order to, as an example, replace the lamp 290 when it expires.
- the wall 274 b is “V”-shaped.
- the wall 274 b is located between the lamp 290 and the electrode assembly 220 to prevent a user from directly looking through the outlet 260 and viewing the UV radiation emitted from the lamp 290 .
- the wall 274 b is also anon-reflective surface.
- the wall 274 b maybe a reflective surface to reflect the light 280 . It is within the scope of the present invention for the wall 274 b to have other shapes such as, but not limited to, “U”-shaped or “C”-shaped.
- the shell 270 may also have fins 272 .
- the fins 272 are spaced apart and preferably substantially perpendicular to the passing airflow. In general, the fins 272 further prevent the light 280 from shining directly towards the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 .
- the fins have a black or non-reflective surface.
- the fins 272 may have a reflective surface. Fins 272 with a reflective surface may shine more light 280 onto the passing airflow because the light 280 will be repeatedly reflected and not absorbed by a black surface.
- the shell 270 directs the radiation towards the fins 272 , maximizing the light emitted from the lamp 290 for irradiating the passing airflow.
- the shell 270 and fins 272 direct the radiation 280 emitted from the lamp 290 in a substantially perpendicular orientation to the crossing airflow traveling through the housing 210 . This prevents the radiation 280 from being emitted directly towards the inlet 250 or the outlet 260 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of the device 200 .
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is a smaller, more portable, desk version of the air transporter-conditioner.
- Air is brought into the housing 210 through the inlet 250 , as shown by the arrows marked “IN.”
- the inlet 250 in this embodiment is an air chamber having multiple vertical slots 251 located along each side. In this embodiment, the slots are divided across the direction of the airflow into the housing 210 .
- the slots 251 preferably are spaced apart a similar distance as the fins 212 in the previously described embodiments, and are substantially the same height as the side walls of the air chamber. In operation, air enters the housing 210 by entering the chamber 250 and then exiting the chamber 250 through the slots 251 .
- the housing 270 in FIG. 6 is preferably “U”-shaped, with the convex surface 270 a facing the germicidal lamp 290 .
- the surface 270 a directs the light 280 toward the interior surface 211 of the housing 210 and maximizes the disbursement of radiation into the passing airflow.
- the surface 270 can comprise other shapes such as, but not limited to, a “V”-shaped surface, or to have the concave surface 270 b face the lamp 290 .
- the housing 270 can have a reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream. Similar to the previous embodiments, the air passes the lamp 290 and is irradiated by the light 280 soon after the air enters the housing 210 , and prior to reaching the electrode assembly 220 .
- FIGS. 5A-6 illustrate embodiments of the electrode assembly 220 .
- the electrode assembly 220 comprises a first emitter electrode array 230 and a second particle collector electrode array 240 , which is preferably located downstream of the germicidal lamp 290 .
- the specific configurations of the electrode array 220 are discussed below, and it is to be understood that any of the electrode assembly configurations discussed below maybe used in the device depicted in FIGS. 2A-6 and FIGS. 9-12 .
- the first array 230 comprises two wire-shaped electrodes 232
- the second array 240 comprises three “U”-shaped electrodes 242 .
- Each “U”-shaped electrode has a nose 246 and two trailing sides 244 . It is within the scope of the invention for the first array 230 and the second array 240 to include electrodes having other shapes as mentioned above and described below.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an electrical block diagram for the electro-kinetic device 200 , according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the device 200 has an electrical power cord that plugs into a common electrical wall socket that provides a nominal 110 VAC.
- An electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 110 is placed across the incoming nominal 110 VAC line to reduce and/or eliminate high frequencies generated by the various circuits within the device 200 , such as an electronic ballast 112 .
- the electronic ballast 112 is electrically connected to the germicidal lamp 290 to regulate, or control, the flow of current through the lamp 290 .
- a switch 218 is used to turn the lamp 290 on or off. Electrical components such as the EMI Filter 110 and electronic ballast 112 are well known in the art and do not require a further description.
- a DC Power Supply 114 is designed to receive the incoming nominal 110 VAC and to output a first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) for the high voltage generator 170 .
- the first DC voltage e.g., 160 VDC
- the second DC voltage e.g., about 12 VDC
- the MCU 130 can be, for example, a Motorola 68HC908 series micro-controller, available from Motorola.
- the MCU 130 monitors the stepped down voltage (e.g., about 12 VDC), which is labeled the AC voltage sense signal in FIG.
- the MCU 130 can sense this increase and then reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain the output power (provided to the high-voltage generator 170 ) to be the same as when the line voltage is at 110 VAC. Conversely, when the line voltage drops, the MCU 130 can sense this decrease and appropriately increase the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain a constant output power.
- Such voltage adjustment features of the present invention also enable the same unit 200 to be used in different countries that have different nominal voltages than in the United States (e.g., in Japan the nominal AC voltage is 100 VAC).
- the high-voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240 , to provide a potential difference between the arrays. Each array can include one or more electrodes.
- the high-voltage pulse generator 170 maybe implemented in many ways.
- the high-voltage pulse generator 170 includes an electronic switch 126 , a step-up transformer 116 and a voltage doubler 118 .
- the primary side of the step-up transformer 116 receives the first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from the DC power supply.
- An electronic switch receives low-voltage pulses (of perhaps 20-25 KHz frequency) from the micro-controller unit (MCU) 130 .
- MCU micro-controller unit
- Such a switch is shown as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 126 .
- the IGBT 126 couples the low-voltage pulses from the MCU 130 to the input winding of the step-up transformer 116 .
- the secondary winding of the transformer 116 is coupled to the voltage doubler 118 , which outputs the high-voltage pulses to the first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240 .
- the IGBT 126 operates as an electronic on/off switch. Such a transistor is well known in the art and does not require a further description.
- the generator 170 When driven, the generator 170 receives the low-input DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from the DC power supply 114 and the low-voltage pulses from the MCU 130 , and generates high-voltage pulses of preferably at least 5 KV peak-to-peak with a repetition rate of about 20 to 25 KHz.
- the voltage doubler 118 outputs about 6 to 9 KV to the first array 230 , and about 12 to 18 KV to the second array 240 . It is within the scope of the present invention for the voltage doubler 118 to produce greater or smaller voltages.
- the high-voltage pulses preferably have a duty cycle of about 10%-15%, but may have other duty cycles, including a 100% duty cycle.
- the MCU 130 receives an indication of whether the control dial 214 is set to the LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH airflow setting.
- the MCU 130 controls the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126 , to thereby control the airflow output of the device 200 , based on the setting of the control dial 214 .
- the MCU 130 can increase the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle.
- the MCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle.
- the low-voltage pulse signal (provided from the MCU 130 to the high-voltage generator 170 ) can have a fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the LOW setting, another fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the MEDIUM setting, and a further fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the HIGH setting.
- the above-described embodiment may produce too much ozone (e.g., at the HIGH setting) or too little airflow output (e.g., at the LOW setting). Accordingly, a more elegant solution, described below, is preferred.
- the low-voltage pulse signal created by the MCU 130 modulates between a “high” airflow signal and a “low” airflow signal, with the control dial setting specifying the durations of the “high” airflow signal and/or the “low” airflow signal.
- This will produce an acceptable airflow output, while limiting ozone production to acceptable levels, regardless of whether the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW.
- the “high” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 5 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 12 .
- the “low” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 4 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 10% duty cycle).
- the control dial 214 When the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, the MCU 130 outputs a low-voltage pulse signal that modulates between the “low” airflow signal and the “high” airflow signal, with, for example, the “high” airflow signal being output for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal being output for 8.0 seconds.
- the “low” airflow signal can be increased to, for example, 16 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include the “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 16 seconds).
- the “low” airflow signal can be further increased to, for example, 24 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include a “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 24 seconds).
- the frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal (used to drive the transformer 116 ) can be adjusted to distinguish between the LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH settings.
- the electrical signal output from the MCU 130 when the control dial 214 is set to HIGH, the electrical signal output from the MCU 130 , modulating between the “high” and “low” airflow signals, will continuously drive the high-voltage generator 170 .
- the control dial 214 when the control dial 214 is set to MEDIUM, the electrical signal output from the MCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator a further predetermined amount of time (e.g., a further 25 seconds).
- the overall airflow rate through the device 200 is slower when the dial 214 is set to MEDIUM than when the control dial 214 is set to HIGH.
- the signal from the MCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator 170 for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 25 seconds), and then drop to a zero or a lower voltage for a longer time period (e.g., 75 seconds). It is within the scope and spirit of the present invention that the HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW settings will drive the high-voltage generator 170 for longer or shorter periods of time.
- the MCU 130 provides the low-voltage pulse signal, including “high” airflow signals and “low” airflow signals, to the high-voltage generator 170 , as described above.
- the “high” airflow signal causes the voltage doubler 118 to provide 9 KV to the first array 230 , while 18 KV is provided to the second array 240 ; and the “low” airflow signal causes the voltage doubler 118 to provide 6 KV to the first array 230 , while 12 KV is provided to the second array 240 .
- the voltage difference between the first array 230 and the second array 240 is proportional to the actual airflow output rate of the device 200 . In general, a greater voltage differential is created between the first and second array by the “high” airflow signal.
- the MCU 130 and the high-voltage generator 170 can be produced other voltage potential differentials between the first and second arrays 230 and 240 .
- the various circuits and components comprising the high voltage pulse generator 170 can, for example, be fabricated on a printed circuit board mounted within housing 210 .
- the MCU 130 can be located on the same or a different circuit board.
- device 200 includes a boost button 216 .
- the MCU 130 when the MCU 130 detects that the boost button 216 has been depressed, the MCU 130 drives the high-voltage generator 170 as if the control dial 214 was set to the HIGH setting for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 5 minutes), even if the control dial 214 is set to LOW or MEDIUM (in effect overriding the setting specified by the dial 214 ). This will cause the device 200 to run at a maximum airflow rate for the boost time period (e.g., a 5 minute period). Alternatively, the MCU 130 can drive the high-voltage generator 170 to even further increase the ozone and particle capture rate for the boost time period.
- a predetermined amount of time e.g., 5 minutes
- the MCU 130 can continually provide the “high” airflow signal to the high-voltage generator 170 for the entire boost time period, thereby creating increased amounts of ozone.
- the increased amounts of ozone will reduce the odor in a room faster than if the device 200 was set to HIGH.
- the maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of the device 200 .
- pressing the boost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period maybe longer or shorter.
- the device 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by the control dial 214 .
- the MCU 130 can provide various timing and maintenance features.
- the MCU 130 can provide a cleaning reminder feature (e.g., a 2-week timing feature) that provides a reminder to clean the device 200 (e.g., by causing indicator light 219 to turn on amber, and/or by triggering an audible alarm (not shown) that produces a buzzing or beeping noise).
- the MCU 130 can also provide arc sensing, suppression and indicator features, as well as the ability to shut down the high-voltage generator 170 in the case of continued arcing.
- the flow diagram of FIG. 8 is used to describe embodiments of the present invention that sense and suppress arcing between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240 .
- the process begins at step 802 , which can be when the function dial is turned from “OFF” to “ON” or “GP/ON.”
- an arcing threshold is set, based on the airflow setting specified (by a user) using the control dial 214 . For example, there can be a high threshold, a medium threshold and a low threshold. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, these thresholds are current thresholds, but it is possible that other thresholds, such as voltage thresholds, can be used.
- an arc count is initialized.
- a sample count is initialized.
- a current associated with the electro-kinetic system is periodically sampled (e.g., one every 10 msec) to produce a running average current value.
- the MCU 130 performs this step by sampling the current at the emitter of the IGBT 126 of the high-voltage generator 170 (see FIG. 7 ).
- the running average current value can be determined by averaging a sampled value with a previous number of samples (e.g., with the previous three samples).
- a benefit of using averages, rather than individual values, is that averaging has the effect of filtering out and thereby reducing false arcing detections. However, in alternative embodiments no averaging is used.
- the average current value determined at step 808 is compared to the threshold value, which was specified at step 804 . If the average current value does not equal or exceed the threshold value (i.e., if the answer to step 810 is NO), then there is a determination at step 822 of whether the threshold has not been exceeded during a predetermined amount of time (e.g., over the past 60 seconds). If the answer to step 822 is NO (i.e., if the threshold has been exceeded during the past 60 seconds), then flow returns to step 808 , as shown.
- a predetermined amount of time e.g., over the past 60 seconds
- step 822 If the answer to step 822 is YES, then there is an assumption that the cause for any previous arcing is no longer present, and flow returns to step 806 and the arc count and the sample count are both reinitialized. Returning to step 810 , if the average current value reaches the threshold, then it is assumed that arcing has been detected (because arcing will cause an increase in the current), and the sample count is incremented at a step 812 .
- the MCU 130 temporarily shuts down the high-voltage generator 170 (e.g., by not driving the generator 170 ) for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 80 seconds) at a step 816 , to allow a temporary condition causing the arcing to potentially go away.
- a temporary condition causing the arcing For examples: temporary humidity may have caused the arcing; or an insect temporarily caught between the electrode arrays 230 and 240 may have caused the arcing.
- the arc count is incremented at step 818 .
- step 824 the high-voltage generator 170 is shut down at step 824 , to prevent continued arcing from damaging the device 200 or producing excessive ozone.
- the MCU 130 causes the overload/cleaning light 219 to light up red, thereby notifying the user that the device 200 has been “shut down.”
- the term “shut down,” in this respect, means that the MCU 130 stops driving the high-voltage generator 170 , and thus the device 200 stops producing ion and ozone containing airflow. However, even after “shut down,” the MCU 130 continues to operate.
- the MCU 130 will not again drive the high voltage generator 170 until the device 200 is reset.
- the device 200 can be reset by turning it off and back on (e.g., by turning function dial 218 to “OFF” and then to “ON” or “ON/GP”), which will in effect re-initialize the counters at step 806 and 807 .
- the device 200 includes a sensor, switch, or other similar device, that is triggered by the removal of the second electrode array 240 (presumably for cleaning) and/or by the replacement of the second electrode array 240 .
- the device can alternately or additionally include a reset button or switch.
- the sensor, switch, resset button/switch or other similar device provides a signal to the MCU 130 regarding the removal and/or replacement of the second electrode array 240 , causing the MCU 130 to re-initialize the counters (at step 806 and 807 ) and again drive the high voltage generator 170 .
- Arcing can occur, for example, because a carbon path is produced between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240 , e.g., due to a moth or other insect that got caught in the device 200 . Assuming the first and/or second electrode arrays 230 and 240 are appropriately cleaned prior to the device 200 being reset, the device should operate normally after being reset. However, if the arc-causing condition (e.g., the carbon path) persists after the device 200 is reset, then the features described with reference to FIG. 8 will quickly detect the arcing and again shut down the device 200 .
- the arc-causing condition e.g., the carbon path
- embodiments of the present invention provide for temporary shut down of the high voltage generator 170 to allow for a temporary arc-creating condition to potentially go away, and for a continued shut down of the high-voltage generator 170 if the arcing continues for an unacceptable duration.
- This enables the device 200 to continue to provide desirable quantities of ions and ozone (as well as airflow) following temporary arc-creating conditions. This also provides for a safety shut down in the case of continued arcing.
- the power is temporarily lowered.
- the MCU 130 can accomplish this by appropriately adjusting the signal that it uses to drive the high-voltage generator 170 .
- the MCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126 for a pre-determined amount of time before returning the low-voltage pulse signal to the level specified according to the setting of the control dial 214 . This has the effect of reducing the potential difference between the arrays 230 and 240 for the predetermined amount of time.
- the MCU 130 can more continually monitor or sample the current or voltage associated with the electro-kinetic system so that even narrow transient spikes (e.g., of about 1 msec. in duration) resulting from arcing can be detected.
- the MCU 130 can continually compare an arc-sensing signal to an arcing threshold (similar to step 810 ). For example, when the arc-sensing signal reaches or exceeds the arcing threshold, a triggering event occurs that causes the MCU 130 to react (e.g., by incrementing a count, as instep 812 ).
- the unit 200 is temporarily shut down (similar to steps 810 - 816 ). If arcing is not detected for a predetermined amount of time, then an arcing count can be reset (similar to step 822 ). Thus, the flow chart of FIG. 8 applies to these event type (e.g., by interrupt) monitoring embodiments.
- a predetermined number of times e.g., once, twice or three times, etc.
- unit 200 is placed in a room and connected to an appropriate source of operating potential, typically 110 VAC.
- the energizing ionization unit 200 emits ionized air and ozone via outlet vents 260 .
- the airflow coupled with the ions and ozone, freshens the air in the room, and the ozone can beneficially destroy or at least diminish the undesired effects of certain odors, bacteria, germs, and the like.
- the airflow is indeed electro-kinetically produced, in that there are no intentionally moving parts within the unit. (Some mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes.)
- electrode assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of at least one electrode or conductive surface, and further comprises a second array 240 of at least one electrode or conductive surface.
- Material(s) for electrodes in one embodiment, conduct electricity, are resistant to corrosive effects from the application of high voltage, yet strong enough to be cleaned.
- electrode(s) 232 in the first electrode array 230 can be fabricated, for example, from tungsten. Tungsten is sufficiently robust in order to withstand cleaning, has a high melting point to retard breakdown due to ionization, and has a rough exterior surface that seems to promote efficient ionization.
- electrode(s) 242 in the second electrode array 240 can have a highly polished exterior surface to minimize unwanted point-to-point radiation. As such, electrode(s) 242 can be fabricated, for example, from stainless steel and/or brass, among other materials. The polished surface of electrode(s) 242 also promotes ease of electrode cleaning.
- the electrodes can be lightweight, easy to fabricate, and lend themselves to mass production. Further, electrodes described herein promote more efficient generation of ionized air, and appropriate amounts of ozone (indicated in several of the figures as O 3 ).
- the positive output terminal of high-voltage generator 170 is coupled to first electrode array 230
- the negative output terminal is coupled to second electrode array 240 . It is believed that with this arrangement the net polarity of the emitted ions is positive, e.g., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted. This coupling polarity has been found to work well, including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum. However, while generation of positive ions is conducive to a relatively silent airflow, from a health standpoint, it is desired that the output airflow be richer in negative ions, not positive ions. It is noted that in some embodiments, one port (such as the negative port) of the high voltage pulse generator 170 can in fact be the ambient air.
- electrodes in the second array need not be connected to the high-voltage pulse generator using a wire. Nonetheless, there will be an “effective connection” between the second array electrodes and one output port of the high-voltage pulse generator, in this instance, via ambient air.
- the negative output terminal of the high-voltage pulse generator 170 can be connected to the first electrode array 230 and the positive output terminal can be connected to the second electrode array 240 . In either embodiment, the high-voltage generator 170 will produce a potential difference between the first electrode array 230 and the second electrode array 240 .
- first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240 When voltage or pulses from high-voltage pulse generator 170 are coupled across first and second electrode arrays 230 and 240 , a plasma-like field is created surrounding electrodes in first array 230 . This electric field ionizes the ambient air between the first and second electrode arrays and establishes an “OUT” airflow that moves towards the second array.
- Ozone and ions are generated simultaneously by the first array electrodes 230 , essentially as a function of the potential from generator 170 coupled to the first array of electrodes or conductive surfaces. Ozone generation can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an opposite polarity potential to the second array electrodes 240 essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first array, producing the out airflow. As the ions and ionized particulate move toward the second array, the ions and ionized particles push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative velocity of this motion may be increased, by way of example, by decreasing the potential at the second array relative to the potential at the first array.
- the exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode arrays.
- generator 170 could provide +4 KV (or some other fraction) to the first array electrodes and ⁇ 6 KV (or some other fraction) to the second array electrodes.
- the +4 KV and the ⁇ 6 KV are measured relative to ground. Understandably it is desired that the unit 200 operates to output appropriate amounts of ozone. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the high voltage is fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to the first array electrodes and about ⁇ 6 KV applied to the second array electrodes.
- electrode assembly 220 comprises a first array 230 of wire-shaped electrodes, and a second array 240 of generally “U”-shaped electrodes 242 .
- the number N 1 of electrodes comprising the first array 230 can differ by one relative to the number N 2 of electrodes comprising the second array 240 .
- N 2 >N 1 .
- additional first electrodes could be added at the outer ends of the array such that N 1 >N 2 , e.g., five first electrodes compared to four second electrodes.
- first or emitter electrodes 232 can be lengths of tungsten wire, whereas collector electrodes 242 can be formed from sheet metal, such as stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal could be used.
- the sheet metal can be readily configured to define side regions and bulbous nose region, forming a hollow, elongated “U”-shaped electrodes, for example.
- the spaced-apart configuration between the first and second arrays 230 and 240 is staggered.
- Each first array electrode 232 can be substantially equidistant from two second array electrodes 242 .
- This symmetrical staggering has been found to be an efficient electrode placement.
- the staggering geometry can be symmetrical in that adjacent electrodes in one plane and adjacent electrodes in a second plane are spaced-apart a constant distance, Y 1 and Y 2 respectively.
- a non-symmetrical configuration could also be used.
- the number of electrodes may differ from what is shown.
- ionization occurs as a function of high-voltage electrodes. For example, increasing the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and the duty cycle of the pulses from the high-voltage pulse generator 170 can increase ozone content in the output flow of ionized air.
- the second electrodes 242 can include a trail electrode pointed region which help produce the output of negative ions.
- the electrodes of the second array 242 of electrodes is “U”-shaped.
- a single pair of “L”-shaped electrode(s) in cross section can be additionally used.
- the electrodes assembly 220 has a focus electrode(s).
- the focus electrodes can produce an enhanced air flow exiting the devices.
- the focus electrode can have a shape that does not have sharp edges manufactured from a material that will not erode or oxides existing with steel.
- the diameter of the focus electrode is 15 times greater than the diameter of the first electrode.
- the diameter of the focus electrode can be selected such that the focus electrode does not function as an ion-generating surface.
- the focus electrodes are electrically connected to the first array 230 . Focus electrodes help direct the air flow toward the second electrode for guiding it towards particles towards the trailing sides of the second electrode.
- the focus electrodes can be “U” or “C”-shaped with holes extending therethrough to minimize the resistance of the focus electrode on the air flow rate.
- the electrode assembly 220 has a pin-ring electrode assembly.
- the pin-ring electrode assembly includes a pin, cone or triangle shaped, first electrode and a ring-shaped second electrode (with an opening) down-stream of the first electrode.
- the system can use an additional downstream trailing electrode.
- the trailing electrode can be aerodynamically smooth so as not to interfere with the air flow.
- the trailing electrodes can have a negative electrical charge to reduce positively charged particles in the air flow.
- Trailing electrodes can also be floating or set to ground.
- Trailing electrodes can act as a second surface to collect positively-charged particles.
- Trailing electrodes can also reflect charged particles towards the second electrodes 242 .
- the trailing electrodes can also emit a small amount of negative ions into the air flow which can neutralize the positive ions emitted by the first electrodes 232 .
- the assembly can also use interstitial electrodes positioned between the second electrodes 242 .
- the interstitial electrodes can float, be set to ground, or be put at a positive high voltage, such as a portion of the first electrode voltage.
- the interstitial electrodes can deflect particulate towards the second electrodes.
- the first electrodes 232 can be made slack, kinked or coiled in order to increase the amount of ions emitted by the first electrode array 230 . Additional details about all of the above-described electrode configurations are provided in the above-mentioned applications, which have been incorporated herein by reference.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 is made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 , respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the air intake 250 at the rear of the housing 210 .
- redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906 .
- the interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of baffles 908 that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 towards the air outlet 260 . While FIG. 9 depicts redirection of the intake air belt caused by a guide, any convenient mechanism can be employed.
- baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any baffles 908 .
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 214 .
- the fins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the back side 1002 of the housing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from the back side 1002 of the housing 210 .
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the back side 1002 of the housing 210 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 , redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906 .
- the interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of baffles 908 coupled with the back side 1002 of the housing 1002 , that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 and the guide 906 towards the air outlet 260 .
- baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any baffles 908 .
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin material designation VW300(f2)
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air outlet 260 .
- the back side 1002 of the housing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from the back side 1002 of the housing 210 .
- the fins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped, with the outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the back side 1002 of the housing 210 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 , redirection of the intake air is caused by a guide 906 .
- the interior of the housing 210 also includes a number of conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 designed to vertically distribute the upward air flow caused by the fan 902 and the guide 906 .
- conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more or fewer conduits 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, the device 200 may not include any conduits. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 , the conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 are each vertical. However, in alternate embodiments, the conduits may be angled or bent in any convenient manner to direct air flow.
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 12 is atop-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 .
- FIG. 12 shows that the housing 210 contains emitter electrodes 230 , collector electrodes 242 and three conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 .
- Conduit 1106 is taller than conduit 1104 which is taller than conduit 1102 .
- the conduits divide the device 200 into upper, middle and lower air flow regions.
- the conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 are vertical and have a semi-cylindrical shape.
- Each of conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 include a top deflector 1103 , 1105 , 1107 respectively which redirects air toward the collector electrode 242 .
- conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 may have any convenient shape and may be angled at any convenient angle. Additionally, the conduits 1102 , 1104 , 1106 may be bent or configured in any convenient manner to regulate the flow of air through the device 200 . Still alternatively, for all the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 9-12 , the air guide 906 can be eliminated and the collector electrode 242 can be as a baffle to divert the air flow from the fan 902 relative to the collector electrode 242 .
- FIG. 13 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 . Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the housing 210 also includes at least one opening 1302 at the top of the device 200 which can be partially or fully covered.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through an opening 904 in the base of the device 200 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the opening 904 is directed vertically upward between the emitter electrodes 230 and the air intake 250 at the rear of the housing 210 . Air drawn into the device 200 by the fan 902 is directed upward towards the opening 1302 at the top of the housing 210 .
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260 .
- the fan 902 is a vertical paddle wheel type “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- the fan 902 is driven by a motor 1402 which is operably coupled with a drive shaft 1404 of the fan 902 in any convenient manner.
- a motor 1402 which is operably coupled with a drive shaft 1404 of the fan 902 in any convenient manner.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 15 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 14 .
- FIGS. 14 and 15 show that the housing 210 contains emitter electrodes 230 , collector electrodes 242 , and a vertical fan 1402 .
- the fan 902 extends substantially from the top of the device 200 to the base of the device 200 .
- the fan 902 may not extend the entire length of the device 2003 .
- various other drive mechanisms maybe used to drive the fan 902 and/or various other air movement mechanisms can be used.
- FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as TV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the airflow is from the base of the housing 210 to the top of the housing 210 .
- Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within the housing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards the outlet 260 , through the housing.
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- This embodiment does not include emitter and collector electrodes.
- This embodiment advantageously has a self-contained UV lamp and an advantageous upstanding, elongated vertical form factor which takes up very little floor space. This embodiment can conveniently be positioned anywhere in a room as needed and does not interfere with the placement of other objects such as furniture.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes a plurality of impeller fans 902 , which during operation produce very little noise.
- the fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260 .
- the fans are stacked vertically one on top of the other along the upstanding vertical length of the housing 210 adjacent to the inlet 250 .
- the fans 902 are “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702 .
- an alternate fan or fans can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- FIG. 18 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 , respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes impeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise.
- the fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260 .
- the fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans in FIG. 17 .
- the fans 902 are “whisper” fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702 .
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- the emitter-collector system is a pin-ring electrode assembly, as described above with reference to FIG. 8 .
- each pin-ring electrode assembly is horizontally aligned with a fan 902 .
- the pin-ring electrode assemblies may be located in any convenient location in the housing 210 .
- Pin-ring electrodes are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977, issued Jan. 23, 2001, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER,” which is incorporated herein by reference.
- FIG. 19 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 , respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the cross-section of the housing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with the inlet 250 and outlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A in FIG. 5A ) of the housing 210 . Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of the housing 210 . Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- a germicidal device such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device includes impeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise, but no emitter-collector arrays.
- the fans 902 are designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards the outlet 260 .
- the fans 902 are “whisper” fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- the fans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702 .
- the fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans in FIG. 17 .
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
- This embodiment includes a UV source, but without emitter and collector electrodes. This embodiment has advantages similar to the embodiment of FIG. 16 .
- FIG. 20 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the housing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example.
- ABS plastic for example.
- the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light.
- non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light.
- the housing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials.
- the housing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped.
- the housing 210 includes at least one air intake 250 , and at least one air outlet 260 .
- Covering the inlet 250 and the outlet 260 are fins or louvers 212 and 214 , respectively.
- the fins 212 , 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting the device 200 .
- other fin and housing shapes are also possible.
- the airflow is from the base of the housing 210 to the top of the housing 210 .
- Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within the housing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp.
- the device also includes an impeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise.
- the fan 902 is designed to draw air into the device 200 through the inlet 250 . Air drawn into the device 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards the outlet 260 , through the housing.
- the fan 902 is a “whisper” fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation.
- an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/538,973, filed Jan. 22, 2004, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER CONDITIONER DEVICE WITH ENHANCED ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY AND VARIABLE FAN ASSIST” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028USE), which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- This application is related to the following applications, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein:
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/304,182, filed Nov. 26, 2002, entitled “APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING AIR,” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028US8);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,806, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING AIR WITH ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY,” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028US9);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,734, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH TUBULAR ELECTRODE CONFIGURATIONS,” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028USA);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/375,735, filed Feb. 27, 2003, entitled “APPARATUSES FOR CONDITIONING AIR WITH MEANS TO EXTEND EXPOSURE TIME TO ANTI-MICROORGANISM LAMP” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028USB);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/379,966, filed Mar. 5, 2003, entitled“PERSONAL AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY,” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028USC);
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/435,289, filed May 9, 2003, entitled “AN ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER AND CONDITIONER DEVICES WITH SPECIAL DETECTORS AND INDICATORS” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01028USD); and
- This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977, issued Jan. 23, 2001, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER” (Attorney Docket No. SHPR-01041US0).
- The present invention relates generally to devices that transport and/or condition air.
-
FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic device 10 to condition air.Device 10 includes ahousing 20 that typically has at least oneair input 30 and at least oneair output 40. Withinhousing 20 there is disposed an electrode assembly orsystem 50 comprising afirst electrode array 60 having at least oneelectrode 70 and comprising asecond electrode array 80 having at least oneelectrode 90.System 10 further includes ahigh voltage generator 95 coupled between the first and second electrode arrays. As a result, ozone and ionized particles of air are generated withindevice 10, and there is an electro-kinetic flow of air in the direction from thefirst electrode array 60 towards thesecond electrode array 80. InFIG. 1 , the large arrow denoted IN represents ambient air that can enterinput port 30. The small “x”s denote particulate matter that may be present in the incoming ambient air. The air movement is in the direction of the large arrows, and the output airflow, denoted OUT,exits device 10 viaoutlet 40. An advantage of electro-kinetic devices such asdevice 10 is that an airflow is created without using fans or other moving parts. Thus,device 10 inFIG. 1 can function somewhat as a fan to create an output airflow, but without requiring moving parts. - Preferably particulate matter “x” in the ambient air can be electrostatically attracted to the
second electrode array 80, with the result that the outflow (OUT) of air fromdevice 10 not only contains ozone and ionized air, but can be cleaner than the ambient air. In such devices, it can become necessary to occasionally clean the secondelectrode array electrodes 80 to remove particulate matter and other debris from the surface ofelectrodes 90. Accordingly, the outflow of air (OUT) is conditioned in that particulate matter is removed and the outflow includes appropriate amounts of ozone, and some ions. - An outflow of air containing ions and ozone may not, however, destroy or significantly reduce microorganisms such as germs, bacteria, fungi, viruses, and the like, collectively hereinafter “microorganisms.” It is known in the art to destroy such microorganisms with, by way of example only, germicidal lamps. Such lamps can emit ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength of about 254 nm. For example, devices to condition air using mechanical fans, HEPA filters, and germicidal lamps are sold commercially by companies such as Austin Air, C.A.R.E. 2000, Amaircare, and others. Often these devices are somewhat cumbersome, and have the size and bulk of a small filing cabinet. Although such fan-powered devices can reduce or destroy microorganisms, the devices tend to be bulky, and are not necessarily silent in operation.
- The present invention is directed to an air transporter-conditioner device, which comprises an elongated housing which has a bottom, a top and an elongated side wall. The housing has an inlet which located adjacent to the bottom and an outlet which located adjacent to the elongated side wall. The device includes an emitter electrode and a collector electrode as well as a high voltage generator which is operably connected to both electrodes. The device also includes a fan that is configured to draw air into the housing through the inlet as well as direct the air along the elongated housing. A baffle is configured in the device to direct air from the fan toward the outlet.
- In one embodiment, the housing includes a second elongated side wall, whereby the baffle includes a plurality of deflectors which are positioned along the second elongated side wall to direct air flow toward the outlet.
- In one embodiment, the baffle includes a plurality of elongated columns of varying lengths, wherein each column includes a deflector configured to direct air toward the outlet.
- In one embodiment, the device includes a second inlet is located adjacent to the elongated side wall.
- In one embodiment, a germicidal lamp located inside the elongated housing.
-
FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic conditioner device that outputs ionized air and ozone, according to the prior art; - FIGS. 2A-2B:
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the housing;FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 2A , illustrating the removable array of second electrodes; - FIGS. 3A-3E:
FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the device shown inFIGS. 2A-2B without a base;FIG. 3B is a top view of the embodiment of the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 3A ;FIG. 3C is a partial perspective view of the embodiment shown inFIGS. 3A-3B , illustrating the removable second array of electrodes;FIG. 3D is a side view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 3A including a base;FIG. 3E is a perspective view of the embodiment inFIG. 3D , illustrating a removable rear panel which exposes a germicidal lamp; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the device; - FIGS. 5A-5B:
FIG. 5A is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of an embodiment of the device, illustrating one configuration of the germicidal lamp;FIG. 5B is a top, partial cross-sectioned view of another embodiment of the device, illustrating another configuration of the germicidal lamp; -
FIG. 6 is a top, partial cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the device; -
FIG. 7 is an electrical block diagram of an embodiment of a circuit of the device; -
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram used to describe embodiments of the device that sense and suppress arcing; -
FIG. 9 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 10 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 11 is a further alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 12 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 , through section 11-11; -
FIG. 13 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 14 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 15 is a plan cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 14 , through section 14-14; -
FIG. 16 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan; -
FIG. 17 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans; -
FIG. 18 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans; -
FIG. 19 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes fans; -
FIG. 20 is an alternate embodiment of the device which includes a fan. - Overall Air Transporter-Conditioner System Configuration:
-
FIGS. 2A-2B -
FIGS. 2A-2B depict a system which does not have incorporated therein a germicidal lamp. However, these embodiments do include other aspects such as the removable second electrodes which can be included in the other described embodiments. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B depict an electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner system 100 whosehousing 102 includes preferably rear-located intake vents orlouvers 104 and preferably front-located exhaust vents 106, and abase pedestal 108. Preferably, thehousing 102 is freestanding and/or upstandingly vertical and/or elongated. Internal to thetransporter housing 102 is an ion generating unit 160, preferably powered by an AC:DC power supply that is energizable or excitable using switch S1. Switch S1, along with the other below-described user operated switches, is conveniently located at the top 103 of theunit 100. Ion generating unit 160 is self-contained in that other than ambient air, nothing is required from beyond thetransporter housing 102, save external operating potential, for operation of the present invention. - The
upper surface 103 of thehousing 102 includes a user-liftable handle member 112 to which is affixed asecond array 240 ofcollector electrodes 242. Thehousing 102 also encloses a first array ofemitter electrodes 230, or a single first emitter electrode shown here as a single wire or wire-shapedelectrode 232. (The terms “wire” and “wire-shaped” shall be used interchangeably herein to mean an electrode either made from a wire or, if thicker or stiffer than a wire, having the appearance of a wire.) In the embodiment shown,handle member 112 liftssecond array electrodes 240 upward causing the second electrode to telescope out of the top of the housing and, if desired, out ofunit 100 for cleaning, while thefirst electrode array 230 remains withinunit 100. As is evident from the figure, the second array ofelectrodes 240 can be lifted vertically out from the top 103 ofunit 100 along the longitudinal axis or direction of theelongated housing 102. This arrangement with the second electrodes removable from the top 103 of theunit 100, makes it easy for the user to pull thesecond electrodes 242 out for cleaning. InFIG. 2B , the bottom ends ofsecond electrodes 242 are connected to amember 113, to which is attached amechanism 500, which includes a flexible member and a slot for capturing and cleaning thefirst electrode 232, wheneverhandle member 112 is moved upward or downward by a user. The first and second arrays of electrodes are coupled to the output terminals of ion generating unit 160. - The general shape of the embodiment of the invention shown in
FIGS. 2A and 2B is that of a figure eight in cross-section, although other shapes are within the spirit and scope of the invention. The top-to-bottom height in one preferred embodiment is 1 m, with a left-to-right width of preferably 15 cm, and a front-to-back depth of perhaps 10 cm, although other dimensions and shapes can of course be used. A louvered construction provides ample inlet and outlet venting in an ergonomical housing configuration. There need be no real distinction betweenvents unit 100, and that an adequate flow of ionized air that includes appropriate amounts of O3 flows out fromunit 100. - As will be described, when
unit 100 is energized by depressing switch S1, high voltage or high potential output by an ion generator 160 produces ions at thefirst electrode 232, which ions are attracted to thesecond electrodes 242. The movement of the ions in an “IN” to “OUT” direction carries with the ions air molecules, thus electro-kinetically producing an outflow of ionized air. The “IN” notation inFIGS. 2A and 2B denotes the intake of ambient air withparticulate matter 60. The “OUT” notation in the figures denotes the outflow of cleaned air substantially devoid of the particulate matter, which particulate matter adheres electrostatically to the surface of the second electrodes. In the process of generating the ionized airflow appropriate amounts of ozone (O3) are beneficially produced. It maybe desired to provide the inner surface ofhousing 102 with an electrostatic shield to reduce detectable electromagnetic radiation. For example, a metal shield could be disposed within the housing, or portions of the interior of the housing can be coated with a metallic paint to reduce such radiation. - Embodiments of Air-Transporter-Conditioner System with Germicidal Lamp
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FIGS. 3A-6 depict various embodiments of thedevice 200, with an improved ability to diminish or destroy microorganisms including bacteria, germs, and viruses. Specifically,FIGS. 3A-6 illustrate various embodiments of the elongated andupstanding housing 210 with the operating controls located on thetop surface 217 of thehousing 210 for controlling thedevice 200. -
FIGS. 3A-3E -
FIG. 3A illustrates a first preferred embodiment of thehousing 210 ofdevice 200. Thehousing 210 is preferably made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As a germicidal lamp (described hereinafter) is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. Non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. By way of example only, thehousing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. It is within the scope of the present invention to manufacture thehousing 210 from other UV appropriate materials. - In a preferred embodiment, the
housing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. As used herein, it will be understood that theintake 250 is “upstream” relative to theoutlet 260, and that theoutlet 260 is “downstream” from theintake 250. “Upstream” and “downstream” describe the general flow of air into, through, and out ofdevice 200, as indicated by the large hollow arrows. - Covering the
inlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins, louvers, or baffles 212. Thefins 212 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in the preferred embodiment, vertically oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow entering and exiting thedevice 200. Preferably thefins 212 are vertical and parallel to at least the second collector electrode array 240 (seeFIG. 5A ). Thefins 212 can also be parallel to the firstemitter electrode array 230. This configuration assists in the flow of air through thedevice 200 and also assists in preventing UV radiation from the UV or germicidal lamp 290 (described hereinafter), or other germicidal source, from exiting thehousing 210. By way of example only, if the long width of the body from theinlet 250 to theoutlet 260 is 8 inches, the collector electrode 242 (seeFIG. 5A ) can be 1¼″ wide in the direction of airflow, and thefins 212 can be ¾″ or ½″ wide in the direction of airflow. Other proportionate dimensions are within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further, other fin and housing shapes which may not be as aerodynamic are within the spirit and scope of the invention. - From the above it is evident that preferably the cross-section of the
housing 210 is oval, elliptical, teardrop-shaped or egg-shaped, with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as, preferably, an ultraviolet lamp. -
FIG. 3B illustrates the operating controls for thedevice 200. Located ontop surface 217 of thehousing 210 is an airflowspeed control dial 214, aboost button 216, afunction dial 218, and an overload/cleaning light 219. The airflowspeed control dial 214 has three settings from which a user can choose: LOW, MED, and HIGH. The airflow rate is proportional to the voltage differential between the electrodes or electrode arrays coupled to the ion generator 160. The LOW, MED, and HIGH settings generate a different predetermined voltage difference between the first and second arrays. For example, the LOW setting will create the smallest voltage difference, while the HIGH setting will create the largest voltage difference. Thus, the LOW setting will cause thedevice 200 to generate the slowest airflow rate, while the HIGH setting will cause thedevice 200 to generate the fastest airflow rate. These airflow rates are created by the electronic circuit disclosed inFIGS. 7A-7B , and operate as disclosed below. - The
function dial 218 enables a user to select “ON,” “ON/GP,” or “OFF.” Theunit 200 functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from theinlet 250 to theoutlet 260, and removing the particles within the airflow when thefunction dial 218 is set to the “ON” setting. Thegermicidal lamp 290 does not operate, or emit UV light, when thefunction dial 218 is set to “ON.” Thedevice 200 also functions as an electrostatic air transporter-conditioner, creating an airflow from theinlet 250 to theoutlet 260, and removing particles within the airflow when thefunction dial 218 is set to the “ON/GP” setting. In addition, the “ON/GP” setting activates thegermicidal lamp 290 to emit UV light to remove or kill bacteria within the airflow. Thedevice 200 will not operate when thefunction dial 218 is set to the “OFF” setting. - As previously mentioned, the
device 200 preferably generates small amounts of ozone to reduce odors within the room. If there is an extremely pungent odor within the room, or a user would like to temporarily accelerate the rate of cleaning, thedevice 200 has aboost button 216. When theboost button 216 is depressed, thedevice 200 will temporarily increase the airflow rate to a predetermined maximum rate, and generate an increased amount of ozone. The increased amount of ozone will reduce the odor in the room faster than if thedevice 200 was set to HIGH. The maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of thedevice 200. In a preferred embodiment, pressing theboost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period may be longer or shorter. At the end of the preset time period (e.g., 5 minutes), thedevice 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by thecontrol dial 214. - The overload/
cleaning light 219 indicates if thesecond electrodes 242 require cleaning, or if arcing occurs between the first and second electrode arrays. The overload/cleaning light 219 may illuminate either amber or red in color. The light 219 will turn amber if thedevice 200 has been operating continuously for more than two weeks and thesecond array 240 has not been removed for cleaning within the two-week period. The amber light is controlled by the below-described micro-controller unit 130 (seeFIG. 7 ). Thedevice 200 will continue to operate after the light 219 turns amber. The light 219 is only an indicator. There are two ways to reset or turn the light 219 off. A user may remove and replace thesecond array 240 from theunit 200. The user may also turn the control dial 218 to the OFF position, and subsequently turn thecontrol dial 218 back to the “ON” or “ON/GP” position. TheMCU 130 will begin counting a new two-week period upon completing either of these two steps. - The light 219 will turn red to indicate that continuous arcing has occurred between the
first array 230 and thesecond array 240, as sensed by theMCU 130, which receives an arc sensing signal from the collector of anIGBT switch 126 shown inFIG. 7 , described in more detail below. When continuous arcing occurs, thedevice 200 will automatically shut itself off. Thedevice 200 cannot be restarted until thedevice 200 is reset. To reset thedevice 200, thesecond array 240 should first be removed from thehousing 210 after theunit 200 is turned off. Thesecond electrode 240 can then be cleaned and placed back into thehousing 210. Then, thedevice 200 is turned on. If no arcing occurs, thedevice 200 will operate and generate an airflow. If the arcing between the electrodes continues, thedevice 200 will again shut itself off, and need to be reset. -
FIG. 3C illustrates thesecond electrodes 242 partially removed from thehousing 210. In this embodiment, thehandle 202 is attached to anelectrode mounting bracket 203. Thebracket 203 secures thesecond electrodes 242 in a fixed, parallel configuration. Anothersimilar bracket 203 is attached to thesecond electrodes 242 substantially at the bottom (not shown). The twobrackets 203 align thesecond electrodes 242 parallel to each other, and in-line with the airflow traveling through thehousing 210. Preferably, thebrackets 203 are non-conductive surfaces. - One of the various safety features can be seen with the
second electrodes 242 partially removed. As shown inFIG. 3C , aninterlock post 204 extends from the bottom of thehandle 202. When thesecond electrodes 242 are placed completely into thehousing 210, thehandle 202 rests within thetop surface 217 of the housing, as shown byFIGS. 3A-3B . In this position, theinterlock post 204 protrudes into theinterlock recess 206 and activates a switch connecting the electrical circuit of theunit 200. When thehandle 202 is removed from thehousing 210, theinterlock post 204 is pulled out of theinterlock recess 206 and the switch opens the electrical circuit. With the switch in an open position, theunit 200 will not operate. Thus, if thesecond electrodes 242 are removed from thehousing 210 while theunit 200 is operating, theunit 200 will shut off as soon as theinterlock post 204 is removed from theinterlock recess 206. -
FIG. 3D depicts thehousing 210 mounted on a stand orbase 215. Thehousing 210 has aninlet 250 and anoutlet 260. Thebase 215 sits on a floor surface. Thebase 215 allows thehousing 210 to remain in a vertical position. It is within the scope of the present invention for thehousing 210 to be pivotally connected to thebase 215. As can be seen inFIG. 3D ,housing 210 includes slopedtop surface 217 and slopedbottom surface 213. These surfaces slope inwardly frominlet 250 tooutlet 260 to additionally provide a streamlined appearance and effect. -
FIG. 3E illustrates that thehousing 210 has a removablerear panel 224, allowing a user to easily access and remove thegermicidal lamp 290 from thehousing 210 when thelamp 290 expires. Thisrear panel 224 in this embodiment defines the air inlet and comprises the vertical louvers. Therear panel 224 has lockingtabs 226 located on each side, along the entire length of thepanel 224. The lockingtabs 226, as shown inFIG. 3E , are “L”-shaped. Eachtab 226 extends away from thepanel 224, inward towards thehousing 210, and then projects downward, parallel with the edge of thepanel 224. It is within the spirit and scope of the invention to have differently-shapedtabs 226. Eachtab 226 individually and slidably interlocks withrecesses 228 formed within thehousing 210. Therear panel 224 also has a biased lever (not shown) located at the bottom of thepanel 224 that interlocks with therecess 230. To remove thepanel 224 from thehousing 210, the lever is urged away from thehousing 210, and thepanel 224 is slid vertically upward until thetabs 226 disengage therecesses 228. Thepanel 224 is then pulled away from thehousing 210. Removing thepanel 224 exposes thelamp 290 for replacement. - The
panel 224 also has a safety mechanism to shut thedevice 200 off when thepanel 224 is removed. Thepanel 224 has a rear projecting tab (not shown) that engages thesafety interlock recess 227 when thepanel 224 is secured to thehousing 210. By way of example only, the rear tab depresses a safety switch located within therecess 227 when therear panel 224 is secured to thehousing 210. Thedevice 200 will operate only when the rear tab in thepanel 224 is fully inserted into thesafety interlock recess 227. When thepanel 224 is removed from thehousing 210, the rear projecting tab is removed from therecess 227 and the power is cut-off to theentire device 200. For example if a user removes therear panel 224 while thedevice 200 is running, and thegermicidal lamp 290 is emitting UV radiation, thedevice 200 will turn off as soon as the rear projecting tab disengages from therecess 227. Preferably, thedevice 200 will turn off when therear panel 224 is removed only a very short distance (e.g., ¼″) from thehousing 210. This safety switch operates very similar to the interlockingpost 204, as shown inFIG. 3C . -
FIG. 4 -
FIG. 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of thehousing 210. In this embodiment, thegermicidal lamp 290 maybe removed from thehousing 210 by lifting thegermicidal lamp 290 out of thehousing 210 through thetop surface 217. Thehousing 210 does not have a removablerear panel 224. Instead, ahandle 275 is affixed to thegermicidal lamp 290. Thehandle 275 is recessed within thetop surface 217 of thehousing 210 similar to thehandle 202, when thelamp 290 is within thehousing 210. To remove thelamp 290, thehandle 275 is vertically raised out of thehousing 210. - The
lamp 290 is situated within thehousing 210 in a similar manner as the second array ofelectrodes 240. That is to say, that when thelamp 290 is pulled vertically out of the top 217 of thehousing 210, the electrical circuit that provides power to thelamp 290 is disconnected. Thelamp 290 is mounted in a lamp fixture that has circuit contacts which engage the circuit inFIG. 7A . As thelamp 290 and fixture are pulled out, the circuit contacts are disengaged. Further, as thehandle 275 is lifted from thehousing 210, a cutoff switch will shut theentire device 200 off. This safety mechanism ensures that thedevice 200 will not operate without thelamp 290 placed securely in thehousing 210, preventing an individual from directly viewing the radiation emitted from thelamp 290. Reinserting thelamp 290 into thehousing 210 causes the lamp fixture to re-engage the circuit contacts as is known in the art. In similar, but less convenient fashion, thelamp 290 may be designed to be removed from the bottom of thehousing 210. - The
germicidal lamp 290 is a preferably UV-C lamp that preferably emits viewable light and radiation (in combination referred to as radiation or light 280) having wavelength of about 254 nm. This wavelength is effective in diminishing or destroying bacteria, germs, and viruses to which it is exposed.Lamps 290 are commercially available. For example, thelamp 290 may be a Phillips model TUV 15W/G15 T8, a 15 W tubular lamp measuring about 25 mm in diameter by about 43 cm in length. Another suitable lamp is the Phillips TUV 8WG8 T6, an 8 W lamp measuring about 15 mm in diameter by about 29 cm in length. Other lamps that emit the desired wavelength can instead be used. -
FIGS. 5A-5B - As previously mentioned, one role of the
housing 210 is to prevent an individual from viewing, by way of example, ultraviolet (UV) radiation generated by agermicidal lamp 290 disposed within thehousing 210.FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate preferred locations of thegermicidal lamp 290 within thehousing 210.FIGS. 5A-5B further show the spatial relationship between thegermicidal lamp 290 and theelectrode assembly 220, thegermicidal lamp 290 and theinlet 250, and theoutlet 260 and the inlet and outlet louvers. - In a preferred embodiment, the
inner surface 211 of thehousing 210 diffuses or absorbs the UV light emitted from thelamp 290.FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate that thelamp 290 does emit some light 280 directly onto theinner surface 211 of thehousing 210. By way of example only, theinner surface 211 of thehousing 210 can be formed with a non-smooth finish, or a non-light reflecting finish or color, to also prevent the UV-C radiation from exiting through either theinlet 250 or theoutlet 260. The UV portion of theradiation 280 striking thewall 211 will be absorbed and disbursed as indicated above. - As discussed above, the
fins 212 covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 also limit any line of sight of the user into thehousing 210. Thefins 212 are vertically oriented within theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260. The depth D of eachfin 212 is preferably deep enough to prevent an individual from directly viewing theinterior wall 211. In a preferred embodiment, an individual cannot directly view theinner surface 211 by moving from side-to-side, while looking into theoutlet 260 or theinlet 250. Looking between thefins 212 and into thehousing 210 allows an individual to “see through” thedevice 200. That is, a user can look into theinlet vent 250 or theoutlet vent 260 and see out of the other vent. It is to be understood that it is acceptable to see light or a glow coming from withinhousing 210, if the light has a non-UV wavelength that is acceptable for viewing. In general, a user viewing into theinlet 250 or theoutlet 260 may be able to notice a light or glow emitted from within thehousing 210. This light is acceptable to view. In general, when theradiation 280 strikes theinterior surface 211 of thehousing 210, theradiation 280 is shifted from its UV spectrum. The wavelength of the radiation changes from the UV spectrum into an appropriate viewable spectrum. Thus, any light emitted from within thehousing 210 is appropriate to view. - As also discussed above, the
housing 210 is designed to optimize the reduction of microorganisms within the airflow. The efficacy ofradiation 280 upon microorganisms depends upon the length of time such organisms are subjected to theradiation 280. Thus, thelamp 290 is preferably located within thehousing 210 where the airflow is the slowest. In preferred embodiments, thelamp 290 is disposed within thehousing 210 along line A-A (seeFIGS. 5A-7 ). Line A-A designates the largest width and cross-sectional area of thehousing 210, perpendicular to the airflow. Thehousing 210 creates a fixed volume for the air to pass through. In operation, air enters theinlet 250, which has a smaller width, and cross-sectional area, than along line A-A. Since the width and cross-sectional area of thehousing 210 along line A-A are larger than the width and cross-sectional area of theinlet 250, the airflow will decelerate from theinlet 250 to the line A-A. By placing thelamp 290 substantially along line A-A, the air will have the longest dwell time as it passes through theradiation 280 emitted by thelamp 290. In other words, the microorganisms within the air will be subjected to theradiation 280 for the longest period possible by placing thelamp 290 along line A-A. It is, however, within the scope of the present invention to locate thelamp 290 anywhere within thehousing 210, preferably upstream of theelectrode assembly 220. - A shell or
housing 270 substantially surrounds thelamp 290. Theshell 270 prevents the light 280 from shining directly towards theinlet 250 or theoutlet 260. In a preferred embodiment, the interior surface of theshell 270 that faces thelamp 290 is a non-reflective surface. By way of example only, the interior surface of theshell 270 may be a rough surface, or painted a dark, non-gloss color such as black. Thelamp 290, as shown inFIGS. 5A-5B , is a circular tube parallel to thehousing 210. In a preferred embodiment, thelamp 290 is substantially the same length as, or shorter than, thefins 212 covering theinlet 250 andoutlet 260. Thelamp 290 emits the light 280 outward in a 360° pattern. Theshell 270 blocks the portion of the light 280 emitted directly towards theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260. As shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B , there is no direct line of sight through theinlet 250 or theoutlet 260 that would allow a person to view thelamp 290. Alternatively, theshell 270 can have an internal reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 5A , thelamp 290 is located along the side of thehousing 210 and near theinlet 250. After the air passes through theinlet 250, the air is immediately exposed to the light 280 emitted by thelamp 290. An elongated “U”-shapedshell 270 substantially encloses thelamp 290. Theshell 270 has two mounts to support and electrically connect thelamp 290 to the power supply. - In a preferred embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 5B , theshell 270 comprises two separate surfaces. Thewall 274 a is located between thelamp 290 and theinlet 250. Thefirst wall 274 a is preferably “U”-shaped, with the concave surface facing thelamp 290. The convex surface of thewall 274 a is preferably a non-reflective surface. Alternatively, the convex surface of thewall 274 a may reflect the light 280 outward toward the passing airflow. Thewall 274 a is integrally formed with the removablerear panel 224. When therear panel 224 is removed from thehousing 210, thewall 274 a is also removed, exposing thegermicidal lamp 290. Thegermicidal lamp 290 is easily accessible in order to, as an example, replace thelamp 290 when it expires. - The
wall 274 b, as shown inFIG. 5B , is “V”-shaped. Thewall 274b is located between thelamp 290 and theelectrode assembly 220 to prevent a user from directly looking through theoutlet 260 and viewing the UV radiation emitted from thelamp 290. In a preferred embodiment, thewall 274 b is also anon-reflective surface. Alternatively, thewall 274 b maybe a reflective surface to reflect the light 280. It is within the scope of the present invention for thewall 274 b to have other shapes such as, but not limited to, “U”-shaped or “C”-shaped. - The
shell 270 may also havefins 272. Thefins 272 are spaced apart and preferably substantially perpendicular to the passing airflow. In general, thefins 272 further prevent the light 280 from shining directly towards theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260. The fins have a black or non-reflective surface. Alternatively, thefins 272 may have a reflective surface.Fins 272 with a reflective surface may shine more light 280 onto the passing airflow because the light 280 will be repeatedly reflected and not absorbed by a black surface. Theshell 270 directs the radiation towards thefins 272, maximizing the light emitted from thelamp 290 for irradiating the passing airflow. Theshell 270 andfins 272 direct theradiation 280 emitted from thelamp 290 in a substantially perpendicular orientation to the crossing airflow traveling through thehousing 210. This prevents theradiation 280 from being emitted directly towards theinlet 250 or theoutlet 260. -
FIG. 6 -
FIG. 6 illustrates yet another embodiment of thedevice 200. The embodiment shown inFIG. 6 is a smaller, more portable, desk version of the air transporter-conditioner. Air is brought into thehousing 210 through theinlet 250, as shown by the arrows marked “IN.” Theinlet 250 in this embodiment is an air chamber having multiplevertical slots 251 located along each side. In this embodiment, the slots are divided across the direction of the airflow into thehousing 210. Theslots 251 preferably are spaced apart a similar distance as thefins 212 in the previously described embodiments, and are substantially the same height as the side walls of the air chamber. In operation, air enters thehousing 210 by entering thechamber 250 and then exiting thechamber 250 through theslots 251. The air contacts theinterior wall 211 of thehousing 210 and continues to travel through thehousing 210 towards theoutlet 260. Since therear wall 253 of the chamber is a solid wall, thedevice 200 only requires a singlenon-reflective housing 270 located between thegermicidal lamp 290 and theelectrode assembly 220 and theoutlet 260. Thehousing 270 inFIG. 6 is preferably “U”-shaped, with theconvex surface 270 a facing thegermicidal lamp 290. Thesurface 270 a directs the light 280 toward theinterior surface 211 of thehousing 210 and maximizes the disbursement of radiation into the passing airflow. It is within the scope of the invention for thesurface 270 to comprise other shapes such as, but not limited to, a “V”-shaped surface, or to have theconcave surface 270 b face thelamp 290. Also in other embodiments thehousing 270 can have a reflective surface in order to reflect radiation into the air stream. Similar to the previous embodiments, the air passes thelamp 290 and is irradiated by the light 280 soon after the air enters thehousing 210, and prior to reaching theelectrode assembly 220. -
FIGS. 5A-6 illustrate embodiments of theelectrode assembly 220. Theelectrode assembly 220 comprises a firstemitter electrode array 230 and a second particlecollector electrode array 240, which is preferably located downstream of thegermicidal lamp 290. The specific configurations of theelectrode array 220 are discussed below, and it is to be understood that any of the electrode assembly configurations discussed below maybe used in the device depicted inFIGS. 2A-6 andFIGS. 9-12 . It is theelectrode assembly 220 that creates ions and causes the air to flow electro-kinetically between the firstemitter electrode array 230 and the secondcollector electrode array 240. In the embodiments shown inFIGS. 5A-6 , thefirst array 230 comprises two wire-shapedelectrodes 232, while thesecond array 240 comprises three “U”-shapedelectrodes 242. Each “U”-shaped electrode has anose 246 and two trailingsides 244. It is within the scope of the invention for thefirst array 230 and thesecond array 240 to include electrodes having other shapes as mentioned above and described below. - Electrical Circuit for the Electro-Kinetic Device:
-
FIG. 7 -
FIG. 7 illustrates an electrical block diagram for the electro-kinetic device 200, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Thedevice 200 has an electrical power cord that plugs into a common electrical wall socket that provides a nominal 110 VAC. An electromagnetic interference (EMI)filter 110 is placed across the incoming nominal 110 VAC line to reduce and/or eliminate high frequencies generated by the various circuits within thedevice 200, such as anelectronic ballast 112. Theelectronic ballast 112 is electrically connected to thegermicidal lamp 290 to regulate, or control, the flow of current through thelamp 290. Aswitch 218 is used to turn thelamp 290 on or off. Electrical components such as theEMI Filter 110 andelectronic ballast 112 are well known in the art and do not require a further description. - A
DC Power Supply 114 is designed to receive the incoming nominal 110 VAC and to output a first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) for thehigh voltage generator 170. The first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) is also stepped down through a resistor network to a second DC voltage (e.g., about 12 VDC) that the micro-controller unit (MCU) 130 can monitor without being damaged. TheMCU 130 can be, for example, a Motorola 68HC908 series micro-controller, available from Motorola. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, theMCU 130 monitors the stepped down voltage (e.g., about 12 VDC), which is labeled the AC voltage sense signal inFIG. 7 , to determine if the AC line voltage is above or below the nominal 110 VAC, and to sense changes in the AC line voltage. For example, if a nominal 110 VAC increases by 10% to 121 VAC, then the stepped-down DC voltage will also increase by 10%. TheMCU 130 can sense this increase and then reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain the output power (provided to the high-voltage generator 170) to be the same as when the line voltage is at 110 VAC. Conversely, when the line voltage drops, theMCU 130 can sense this decrease and appropriately increase the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulses to maintain a constant output power. Such voltage adjustment features of the present invention also enable thesame unit 200 to be used in different countries that have different nominal voltages than in the United States (e.g., in Japan the nominal AC voltage is 100 VAC). - The high-
voltage pulse generator 170 is coupled between thefirst electrode array 230 and thesecond electrode array 240, to provide a potential difference between the arrays. Each array can include one or more electrodes. The high-voltage pulse generator 170 maybe implemented in many ways. In the embodiment shown, the high-voltage pulse generator 170 includes anelectronic switch 126, a step-uptransformer 116 and avoltage doubler 118. The primary side of the step-uptransformer 116 receives the first DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from the DC power supply. An electronic switch receives low-voltage pulses (of perhaps 20-25 KHz frequency) from the micro-controller unit (MCU) 130. Such a switch is shown as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 126. TheIGBT 126, or other appropriate switch, couples the low-voltage pulses from theMCU 130 to the input winding of the step-uptransformer 116. The secondary winding of thetransformer 116 is coupled to thevoltage doubler 118, which outputs the high-voltage pulses to the first andsecond electrode arrays IGBT 126 operates as an electronic on/off switch. Such a transistor is well known in the art and does not require a further description. - When driven, the
generator 170 receives the low-input DC voltage (e.g., 160 VDC) from theDC power supply 114 and the low-voltage pulses from theMCU 130, and generates high-voltage pulses of preferably at least 5 KV peak-to-peak with a repetition rate of about 20 to 25 KHz. Preferably, thevoltage doubler 118 outputs about 6 to 9 KV to thefirst array 230, and about 12 to 18 KV to thesecond array 240. It is within the scope of the present invention for thevoltage doubler 118 to produce greater or smaller voltages. The high-voltage pulses preferably have a duty cycle of about 10%-15%, but may have other duty cycles, including a 100% duty cycle. - The
MCU 130 receives an indication of whether thecontrol dial 214 is set to the LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH airflow setting. TheMCU 130 controls the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126, to thereby control the airflow output of thedevice 200, based on the setting of thecontrol dial 214. To increase the airflow output, theMCU 130 can increase the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle. Conversely, to decrease the airflow output rate, theMCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, frequency and/or duty cycle. In accordance with an embodiment, the low-voltage pulse signal (provided from theMCU 130 to the high-voltage generator 170) can have a fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the LOW setting, another fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the MEDIUM setting, and a further fixed pulse width, frequency and duty cycle for the HIGH setting. However, depending on the setting of thecontrol dial 214, the above-described embodiment may produce too much ozone (e.g., at the HIGH setting) or too little airflow output (e.g., at the LOW setting). Accordingly, a more elegant solution, described below, is preferred. - In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the low-voltage pulse signal created by the
MCU 130 modulates between a “high” airflow signal and a “low” airflow signal, with the control dial setting specifying the durations of the “high” airflow signal and/or the “low” airflow signal. This will produce an acceptable airflow output, while limiting ozone production to acceptable levels, regardless of whether thecontrol dial 214 is set to HIGH, MEDIUM or LOW. For example, the “high” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 5 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 12.5 % duty cycle), and the “low” airflow signal can have a pulse width of 4 microseconds and a period of 40 microseconds (i.e., a 10% duty cycle). When thecontrol dial 214 is set to HIGH, theMCU 130 outputs a low-voltage pulse signal that modulates between the “low” airflow signal and the “high” airflow signal, with, for example, the “high” airflow signal being output for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal being output for 8.0 seconds. When thecontrol dial 214 is set to MEDIUM, the “low” airflow signal can be increased to, for example, 16 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include the “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 16 seconds). When thecontrol dial 214 is set to LOW, the “low” airflow signal can be further increased to, for example, 24 seconds (e.g., the low voltage pulse signal will include a “high” airflow signal for 2.0 seconds, followed by the “low” airflow signal for 24 seconds). - Alternatively, or additionally, the frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal (used to drive the transformer 116) can be adjusted to distinguish between the LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH settings.
- In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, when the
control dial 214 is set to HIGH, the electrical signal output from theMCU 130, modulating between the “high” and “low” airflow signals, will continuously drive the high-voltage generator 170. When thecontrol dial 214 is set to MEDIUM, the electrical signal output from theMCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator a further predetermined amount of time (e.g., a further 25 seconds). Thus, the overall airflow rate through thedevice 200 is slower when thedial 214 is set to MEDIUM than when thecontrol dial 214 is set to HIGH. When thecontrol dial 214 is set to LOW, the signal from theMCU 130 will cyclically drive the high-voltage generator 170 for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 25 seconds), and then drop to a zero or a lower voltage for a longer time period (e.g., 75 seconds). It is within the scope and spirit of the present invention that the HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW settings will drive the high-voltage generator 170 for longer or shorter periods of time. - The
MCU 130 provides the low-voltage pulse signal, including “high” airflow signals and “low” airflow signals, to the high-voltage generator 170, as described above. By way of example, the “high” airflow signal causes thevoltage doubler 118 to provide 9 KV to thefirst array 230, while 18 KV is provided to thesecond array 240; and the “low” airflow signal causes thevoltage doubler 118 to provide 6 KV to thefirst array 230, while 12 KV is provided to thesecond array 240. The voltage difference between thefirst array 230 and thesecond array 240 is proportional to the actual airflow output rate of thedevice 200. In general, a greater voltage differential is created between the first and second array by the “high” airflow signal. It is within the scope of the present invention for theMCU 130 and the high-voltage generator 170 to produce other voltage potential differentials between the first andsecond arrays voltage pulse generator 170 can, for example, be fabricated on a printed circuit board mounted withinhousing 210. TheMCU 130 can be located on the same or a different circuit board. - As mentioned above,
device 200 includes aboost button 216. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, when theMCU 130 detects that theboost button 216 has been depressed, theMCU 130 drives the high-voltage generator 170 as if thecontrol dial 214 was set to the HIGH setting for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 5 minutes), even if thecontrol dial 214 is set to LOW or MEDIUM (in effect overriding the setting specified by the dial 214). This will cause thedevice 200 to run at a maximum airflow rate for the boost time period (e.g., a 5 minute period). Alternatively, theMCU 130 can drive the high-voltage generator 170 to even further increase the ozone and particle capture rate for the boost time period. For example, theMCU 130 can continually provide the “high” airflow signal to the high-voltage generator 170 for the entire boost time period, thereby creating increased amounts of ozone. The increased amounts of ozone will reduce the odor in a room faster than if thedevice 200 was set to HIGH. The maximum airflow rate will also increase the particle capture rate of thedevice 200. In a preferred embodiment, pressing theboost button 216 will increase the airflow rate and ozone production continuously for 5 minutes. This time period maybe longer or shorter. At the end of the preset time period (e.g., 5 minutes), thedevice 200 will return to the airflow rate previously selected by thecontrol dial 214. - The
MCU 130 can provide various timing and maintenance features. For example, theMCU 130 can provide a cleaning reminder feature (e.g., a 2-week timing feature) that provides a reminder to clean the device 200 (e.g., by causing indicator light 219 to turn on amber, and/or by triggering an audible alarm (not shown) that produces a buzzing or beeping noise). TheMCU 130 can also provide arc sensing, suppression and indicator features, as well as the ability to shut down the high-voltage generator 170 in the case of continued arcing. These and other features are described in additional detail below. - Arc Sensing and Suppression:
-
FIG. 8 - The flow diagram of
FIG. 8 is used to describe embodiments of the present invention that sense and suppress arcing between thefirst electrode array 230 and thesecond electrode array 240. The process begins atstep 802, which can be when the function dial is turned from “OFF” to “ON” or “GP/ON.” At astep 804, an arcing threshold is set, based on the airflow setting specified (by a user) using thecontrol dial 214. For example, there can be a high threshold, a medium threshold and a low threshold. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, these thresholds are current thresholds, but it is possible that other thresholds, such as voltage thresholds, can be used. At astep 806, an arc count is initialized. At a step 807 a sample count is initialized. - At a
step 808, a current associated with the electro-kinetic system is periodically sampled (e.g., one every 10 msec) to produce a running average current value. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, theMCU 130 performs this step by sampling the current at the emitter of theIGBT 126 of the high-voltage generator 170 (seeFIG. 7 ). The running average current value can be determined by averaging a sampled value with a previous number of samples (e.g., with the previous three samples). A benefit of using averages, rather than individual values, is that averaging has the effect of filtering out and thereby reducing false arcing detections. However, in alternative embodiments no averaging is used. - At a
next step 810, the average current value determined atstep 808 is compared to the threshold value, which was specified atstep 804. If the average current value does not equal or exceed the threshold value (i.e., if the answer to step 810 is NO), then there is a determination atstep 822 of whether the threshold has not been exceeded during a predetermined amount of time (e.g., over the past 60 seconds). If the answer to step 822 is NO (i.e., if the threshold has been exceeded during the past 60 seconds), then flow returns to step 808, as shown. If the answer to step 822 is YES, then there is an assumption that the cause for any previous arcing is no longer present, and flow returns to step 806 and the arc count and the sample count are both reinitialized. Returning to step 810, if the average current value reaches the threshold, then it is assumed that arcing has been detected (because arcing will cause an increase in the current), and the sample count is incremented at astep 812. - The sample count is then compared to a sample count threshold (e.g., the sample count threshold=30) at a
step 814. Assuming, for example, a sample count threshold of 30, and a sample frequency of 10 msec, then the sample count equaling the sample count threshold corresponds to an accumulated arcing time of 300 msec (i.e., 10 msec*30=300 msec). If the sample count has not reached the sample count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 814 is NO), then flow returns to step 808. If the sample count equals the sample count threshold, then theMCU 130 temporarily shuts down the high-voltage generator 170 (e.g., by not driving the generator 170) for a predetermined amount of time (e.g., 80 seconds) at astep 816, to allow a temporary condition causing the arcing to potentially go away. For examples: temporary humidity may have caused the arcing; or an insect temporarily caught between theelectrode arrays step 818. - At a
step 820, there is a determination of whether the arc count has reached the arc count threshold (e.g., the arc count threshold=3), which would indicate unacceptable continued arcing. Assuming, for example, a sample count threshold of 30, and a sample frequency of 10 msec, and an arc count threshold of 3, then the arc count equaling the arc count threshold corresponds to an accumulated arcing time of 900 msec (i.e., 3*10 msec*30=900 msec). If the arc count has not reached the arc count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 820 is NO), then flow returns to step 807, where the sample count is reset to zero, as shown. If the arc count equals the arc count threshold (i.e., if the answer to step 820 is YES), then the high-voltage generator 170 is shut down atstep 824, to prevent continued arcing from damaging thedevice 200 or producing excessive ozone. At this point, theMCU 130 causes the overload/cleaning light 219 to light up red, thereby notifying the user that thedevice 200 has been “shut down.” The term “shut down,” in this respect, means that theMCU 130 stops driving the high-voltage generator 170, and thus thedevice 200 stops producing ion and ozone containing airflow. However, even after “shut down,” theMCU 130 continues to operate. - Once the
device 200 is shut down atstep 824, theMCU 130 will not again drive thehigh voltage generator 170 until thedevice 200 is reset. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, thedevice 200 can be reset by turning it off and back on (e.g., by turningfunction dial 218 to “OFF” and then to “ON” or “ON/GP”), which will in effect re-initialize the counters atstep device 200 includes a sensor, switch, or other similar device, that is triggered by the removal of the second electrode array 240 (presumably for cleaning) and/or by the replacement of thesecond electrode array 240. The device can alternately or additionally include a reset button or switch. The sensor, switch, resset button/switch or other similar device, provides a signal to theMCU 130 regarding the removal and/or replacement of thesecond electrode array 240, causing theMCU 130 to re-initialize the counters (atstep 806 and 807) and again drive thehigh voltage generator 170. - Arcing can occur, for example, because a carbon path is produced between the
first electrode array 230 and thesecond electrode array 240, e.g., due to a moth or other insect that got caught in thedevice 200. Assuming the first and/orsecond electrode arrays device 200 being reset, the device should operate normally after being reset. However, if the arc-causing condition (e.g., the carbon path) persists after thedevice 200 is reset, then the features described with reference toFIG. 8 will quickly detect the arcing and again shut down thedevice 200. - More generally, embodiments of the present invention provide for temporary shut down of the
high voltage generator 170 to allow for a temporary arc-creating condition to potentially go away, and for a continued shut down of the high-voltage generator 170 if the arcing continues for an unacceptable duration. This enables thedevice 200 to continue to provide desirable quantities of ions and ozone (as well as airflow) following temporary arc-creating conditions. This also provides for a safety shut down in the case of continued arcing. - In accordance with alternative embodiments of the present invention, at
step 816 rather than temporarily shutting down the high-voltage generator 170 for a predetermined amount of time, the power is temporarily lowered. TheMCU 130 can accomplish this by appropriately adjusting the signal that it uses to drive the high-voltage generator 170. For example, theMCU 130 can reduce the pulse width, duty cycle and/or frequency of the low-voltage pulse signal provided to switch 126 for a pre-determined amount of time before returning the low-voltage pulse signal to the level specified according to the setting of thecontrol dial 214. This has the effect of reducing the potential difference between thearrays - It would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that some of the steps in the flow diagram of
FIG. 8 need not be performed in the exact order shown. For example, the order ofsteps - In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, rather than periodically sampling a current or voltage associated with the electro-kinetic system at
step 808, theMCU 130 can more continually monitor or sample the current or voltage associated with the electro-kinetic system so that even narrow transient spikes (e.g., of about 1 msec. in duration) resulting from arcing can be detected. In such embodiments, theMCU 130 can continually compare an arc-sensing signal to an arcing threshold (similar to step 810). For example, when the arc-sensing signal reaches or exceeds the arcing threshold, a triggering event occurs that causes theMCU 130 to react (e.g., by incrementing a count, as instep 812). If the arcing threshold is exceeded more than a predetermined number of times (e.g., once, twice or three times, etc.) within a predetermined amount of time, then theunit 200 is temporarily shut down (similar to steps 810-816). If arcing is not detected for a predetermined amount of time, then an arcing count can be reset (similar to step 822). Thus, the flow chart ofFIG. 8 applies to these event type (e.g., by interrupt) monitoring embodiments. - Other Electrode Configurations:
- In practice,
unit 200 is placed in a room and connected to an appropriate source of operating potential, typically 110 VAC. The energizingionization unit 200 emits ionized air and ozone via outlet vents 260. The airflow, coupled with the ions and ozone, freshens the air in the room, and the ozone can beneficially destroy or at least diminish the undesired effects of certain odors, bacteria, germs, and the like. The airflow is indeed electro-kinetically produced, in that there are no intentionally moving parts within the unit. (Some mechanical vibration may occur within the electrodes.) - In the various embodiments,
electrode assembly 220 comprises afirst array 230 of at least one electrode or conductive surface, and further comprises asecond array 240 of at least one electrode or conductive surface. Material(s) for electrodes, in one embodiment, conduct electricity, are resistant to corrosive effects from the application of high voltage, yet strong enough to be cleaned. - In the various electrode assemblies to be described herein, electrode(s) 232 in the
first electrode array 230 can be fabricated, for example, from tungsten. Tungsten is sufficiently robust in order to withstand cleaning, has a high melting point to retard breakdown due to ionization, and has a rough exterior surface that seems to promote efficient ionization. On the other hand, electrode(s) 242 in thesecond electrode array 240 can have a highly polished exterior surface to minimize unwanted point-to-point radiation. As such, electrode(s) 242 can be fabricated, for example, from stainless steel and/or brass, among other materials. The polished surface of electrode(s) 242 also promotes ease of electrode cleaning. - The electrodes can be lightweight, easy to fabricate, and lend themselves to mass production. Further, electrodes described herein promote more efficient generation of ionized air, and appropriate amounts of ozone (indicated in several of the figures as O3).
- Various electrode configurations for use in the
device 200 are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/074,082, filed Feb. 12, 2002, entitled “Electro-Kinetic Air Transporter-Conditioner Devices with an Upstream Focus Electrode,” incorporated herein by reference, and in the related application mentioned above. - In one embodiment, the positive output terminal of high-
voltage generator 170 is coupled tofirst electrode array 230, and the negative output terminal is coupled tosecond electrode array 240. It is believed that with this arrangement the net polarity of the emitted ions is positive, e.g., more positive ions than negative ions are emitted. This coupling polarity has been found to work well, including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum. However, while generation of positive ions is conducive to a relatively silent airflow, from a health standpoint, it is desired that the output airflow be richer in negative ions, not positive ions. It is noted that in some embodiments, one port (such as the negative port) of the highvoltage pulse generator 170 can in fact be the ambient air. Thus, electrodes in the second array need not be connected to the high-voltage pulse generator using a wire. Nonetheless, there will be an “effective connection” between the second array electrodes and one output port of the high-voltage pulse generator, in this instance, via ambient air. Alternatively the negative output terminal of the high-voltage pulse generator 170 can be connected to thefirst electrode array 230 and the positive output terminal can be connected to thesecond electrode array 240. In either embodiment, the high-voltage generator 170 will produce a potential difference between thefirst electrode array 230 and thesecond electrode array 240. - When voltage or pulses from high-
voltage pulse generator 170 are coupled across first andsecond electrode arrays first array 230. This electric field ionizes the ambient air between the first and second electrode arrays and establishes an “OUT” airflow that moves towards the second array. - Ozone and ions are generated simultaneously by the
first array electrodes 230, essentially as a function of the potential fromgenerator 170 coupled to the first array of electrodes or conductive surfaces. Ozone generation can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an opposite polarity potential to thesecond array electrodes 240 essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first array, producing the out airflow. As the ions and ionized particulate move toward the second array, the ions and ionized particles push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative velocity of this motion may be increased, by way of example, by decreasing the potential at the second array relative to the potential at the first array. - For example, if +10 KV were applied to the first array electrode(s), and no potential were applied to the second array electrode(s), a cloud of ions (whose net charge is positive) would form adjacent the first electrode array. Further, the relatively high 10 KV potential would generate substantial ozone. By coupling a relatively negative potential to the second array electrode(s), the velocity of the air mass moved by the net emitted ions increases.
- On the other hand, if it were desired to maintain the same effective outflow (OUT) velocity, but to generate less ozone, the exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode arrays. For example,
generator 170 could provide +4 KV (or some other fraction) to the first array electrodes and −6 KV (or some other fraction) to the second array electrodes. In this example, it is understood that the +4 KV and the −6 KV are measured relative to ground. Understandably it is desired that theunit 200 operates to output appropriate amounts of ozone. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the high voltage is fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to the first array electrodes and about −6 KV applied to the second array electrodes. - In one embodiment,
electrode assembly 220 comprises afirst array 230 of wire-shaped electrodes, and asecond array 240 of generally “U”-shapedelectrodes 242. In some embodiments, the number N1 of electrodes comprising thefirst array 230 can differ by one relative to the number N2 of electrodes comprising thesecond array 240. In many of the embodiments shown, N2>N1. However, if desired, additional first electrodes could be added at the outer ends of the array such that N1>N2, e.g., five first electrodes compared to four second electrodes. - As previously indicated, first or
emitter electrodes 232 can be lengths of tungsten wire, whereascollector electrodes 242 can be formed from sheet metal, such as stainless steel, although brass or other sheet metal could be used. The sheet metal can be readily configured to define side regions and bulbous nose region, forming a hollow, elongated “U”-shaped electrodes, for example. - In one embodiment, the spaced-apart configuration between the first and
second arrays first array electrode 232 can be substantially equidistant from twosecond array electrodes 242. This symmetrical staggering has been found to be an efficient electrode placement. The staggering geometry can be symmetrical in that adjacent electrodes in one plane and adjacent electrodes in a second plane are spaced-apart a constant distance, Y1 and Y2 respectively. However, a non-symmetrical configuration could also be used. Also, it is understood that the number of electrodes may differ from what is shown. - In one embodiment ionization occurs as a function of high-voltage electrodes. For example, increasing the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and the duty cycle of the pulses from the high-
voltage pulse generator 170 can increase ozone content in the output flow of ionized air. - In one embodiment, the
second electrodes 242 can include a trail electrode pointed region which help produce the output of negative ions. In one embodiment the electrodes of thesecond array 242 of electrodes is “U”-shaped. In one embodiment a single pair of “L”-shaped electrode(s) in cross section can be additionally used. - In one embodiment, the
electrodes assembly 220 has a focus electrode(s). The focus electrodes can produce an enhanced air flow exiting the devices. The focus electrode can have a shape that does not have sharp edges manufactured from a material that will not erode or oxides existing with steel. In one embodiment, the diameter of the focus electrode is 15 times greater than the diameter of the first electrode. The diameter of the focus electrode can be selected such that the focus electrode does not function as an ion-generating surface. In one embodiment, the focus electrodes are electrically connected to thefirst array 230. Focus electrodes help direct the air flow toward the second electrode for guiding it towards particles towards the trailing sides of the second electrode. - The focus electrodes can be “U” or “C”-shaped with holes extending therethrough to minimize the resistance of the focus electrode on the air flow rate. In one embodiment, the
electrode assembly 220 has a pin-ring electrode assembly. The pin-ring electrode assembly includes a pin, cone or triangle shaped, first electrode and a ring-shaped second electrode (with an opening) down-stream of the first electrode. - The system can use an additional downstream trailing electrode. The trailing electrode can be aerodynamically smooth so as not to interfere with the air flow. The trailing electrodes can have a negative electrical charge to reduce positively charged particles in the air flow. Trailing electrodes can also be floating or set to ground. Trailing electrodes can act as a second surface to collect positively-charged particles. Trailing electrodes can also reflect charged particles towards the
second electrodes 242. The trailing electrodes can also emit a small amount of negative ions into the air flow which can neutralize the positive ions emitted by thefirst electrodes 232. - The assembly can also use interstitial electrodes positioned between the
second electrodes 242. The interstitial electrodes can float, be set to ground, or be put at a positive high voltage, such as a portion of the first electrode voltage. The interstitial electrodes can deflect particulate towards the second electrodes. - The
first electrodes 232 can be made slack, kinked or coiled in order to increase the amount of ions emitted by thefirst electrode array 230. Additional details about all of the above-described electrode configurations are provided in the above-mentioned applications, which have been incorporated herein by reference. -
FIG. 9 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . In the embodiment shown inFIG. 9 , thehousing 210 is made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 9 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 9 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 9 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through anopening 904 in the base of thedevice 200. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through theopening 904 is directed vertically upward between theemitter electrodes 230 and theair intake 250 at the rear of thehousing 210. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 9 , redirection of the intake air is caused by aguide 906. The interior of thehousing 210 also includes a number ofbaffles 908 that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by thefan 902 towards theair outlet 260. WhileFIG. 9 depicts redirection of the intake air belt caused by a guide, any convenient mechanism can be employed. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 9 , multiplearched baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more orfewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, thedevice 200 may not include anybaffles 908. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 9 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . In the embodiment shown inFIG. 10 , thehousing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. In one embodiment, thehousing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. However, in alternative embodiments thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , thehousing 210 is aerodynamically oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers 214. Thefins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting thedevice 200. However, in alternate embodiments other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , theback side 1002 of thehousing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from theback side 1002 of thehousing 210. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through anopening 904 in the base of thedevice 200. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through theopening 904 is directed vertically upward between theemitter electrodes 230 and theback side 1002 of thehousing 210. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 10 , redirection of the intake air is caused by aguide 906. The interior of thehousing 210 also includes a number ofbaffles 908 coupled with theback side 1002 of thehousing 1002, that are designed to direct the upward air flow caused by thefan 902 and theguide 906 towards theair outlet 260. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , multiplearched baffles 908 are depicted. However, in alternate embodiments more orfewer baffles 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, thedevice 200 may not include anybaffles 908. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 10 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 11 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . In the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 , thehousing 210 is made from a lightweight material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 , thehousing 210 may be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. However, it is within the scope of the present invention to manufacture thehousing 210 from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 11 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair outlet 260. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 11 , theback side 1002 of thehousing 210 is substantially solid to restrict air flow into the device from theback side 1002 of thehousing 210. - Covering the
outlet 260 are fins orlouvers 214. Thefins 214 are preferably elongated and upstanding, and thus in one embodiment, oriented to minimize resistance to the airflow exiting thedevice 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 11 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped, with theoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 11 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 that during operation produces very little, if any, noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through anopening 904 in the base of thedevice 200. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through theopening 904 is directed vertically upward between theemitter electrodes 230 and theback side 1002 of thehousing 210. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 10 , redirection of the intake air is caused by aguide 906. The interior of thehousing 210 also includes a number ofconduits fan 902 and theguide 906. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1 , threesemi-cylindrical conduits fewer conduits 908 having varying shapes can be used. Additionally, in one embodiment, thedevice 200 may not include any conduits. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 , theconduits - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 11 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 12 is atop-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 11 .FIG. 12 shows that thehousing 210 containsemitter electrodes 230,collector electrodes 242 and threeconduits Conduit 1106 is taller thanconduit 1104 which is taller thanconduit 1102. In this embodiment, the conduits divide thedevice 200 into upper, middle and lower air flow regions. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 12 , theconduits conduits top deflector collector electrode 242. However, in alternate embodiments theconduits conduits device 200. Still alternatively, for all the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 9-12 , theair guide 906 can be eliminated and thecollector electrode 242 can be as a baffle to divert the air flow from thefan 902 relative to thecollector electrode 242. -
FIG. 13 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. Thehousing 210 also includes at least oneopening 1302 at the top of thedevice 200 which can be partially or fully covered. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through anopening 904 in the base of thedevice 200. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through theopening 904 is directed vertically upward between theemitter electrodes 230 and theair intake 250 at the rear of thehousing 210. Air drawn into thedevice 200 by thefan 902 is directed upward towards theopening 1302 at the top of thehousing 210. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 13 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 14 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 14 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 14 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 14 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards theoutlet 260. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 14 , thefan 902 is a vertical paddle wheel type “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 14 , thefan 902 is driven by amotor 1402 which is operably coupled with adrive shaft 1404 of thefan 902 in any convenient manner. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 15 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown inFIG. 14 .FIGS. 14 and 15 show that thehousing 210 containsemitter electrodes 230,collector electrodes 242, and avertical fan 1402. In the embodiment shown inFIGS. 14 and 15 , thefan 902 extends substantially from the top of thedevice 200 to the base of thedevice 200. However, in alternate embodiments thefan 902 may not extend the entire length of the device 2003. Additionally, in alternate embodiments various other drive mechanisms maybe used to drive thefan 902 and/or various other air movement mechanisms can be used. -
FIG. 16 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as TV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 16 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 16 , the airflow is from the base of thehousing 210 to the top of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within thehousing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 16 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards theoutlet 260, through the housing. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 16 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. This embodiment does not include emitter and collector electrodes. This embodiment advantageously has a self-contained UV lamp and an advantageous upstanding, elongated vertical form factor which takes up very little floor space. This embodiment can conveniently be positioned anywhere in a room as needed and does not interfere with the placement of other objects such as furniture. -
FIG. 17 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 17 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 17 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 17 , the device also includes a plurality ofimpeller fans 902, which during operation produce very little noise. Thefans 902 are designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards theoutlet 260. In this particular embodiment, the fans are stacked vertically one on top of the other along the upstanding vertical length of thehousing 210 adjacent to theinlet 250. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 17 , thefans 902 are “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 17 , thefans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan or fans can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. -
FIG. 18 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 18 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 18 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 18 , the device also includesimpeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise. Thefans 902 are designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards theoutlet 260. The fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans inFIG. 17 . - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 18 , thefans 902 are “whisper”fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 18 , thefans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 18 , the emitter-collector system is a pin-ring electrode assembly, as described above with reference toFIG. 8 . In the embodiment shown inFIG. 18 , each pin-ring electrode assembly is horizontally aligned with afan 902. In alternate embodiments, the pin-ring electrode assemblies may be located in any convenient location in thehousing 210. Pin-ring electrodes are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,176,977, issued Jan. 23, 2001, entitled “ELECTRO-KINETIC AIR TRANSPORTER-CONDITIONER,” which is incorporated herein by reference. -
FIG. 19 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 19 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - From the above it is evident that in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 19 , the cross-section of thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical, or teardrop-shaped with theinlet 250 andoutlet 260 narrower than the middle (see line A-A inFIG. 5A ) of thehousing 210. Accordingly, the airflow, as it passes across line A-A, is slower due to the increased width and area of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a greater dwell time and be neutralized by a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 19 , the device includesimpeller fans 902 which during operation produce very little noise, but no emitter-collector arrays. Thefans 902 are designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed horizontally towards theoutlet 260. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 19 , thefans 902 are “whisper”fans 902 which make little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 19 , thefans 902 are driven by micro-motors 1702. The fans in this embodiment are configured in a manner similar to the fans inFIG. 17 . In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. This embodiment includes a UV source, but without emitter and collector electrodes. This embodiment has advantages similar to the embodiment ofFIG. 16 . -
FIG. 20 illustrates an alternate embodiment of thedevice 200 shown inFIG. 2A . As described above, thehousing 210 can be made from a lightweight inexpensive material, ABS plastic for example. As agermicidal lamp 290 is located within thehousing 210, the material must be able to withstand prolonged exposure to class UV-C light. As described above, non-“hardened” material will degenerate over time if exposed to light such as UV-C. As described above, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from CYCLOLAC7 ABS Resin (material designation VW300(f2)), which is manufactured by General Electric Plastics Global Products, and is certified by UL Inc. for use with ultraviolet light. In alternative embodiments, thehousing 210 can be manufactured from other UV appropriate materials. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 20 , thehousing 210 is oval, elliptical or teardrop-shaped. Thehousing 210 includes at least oneair intake 250, and at least oneair outlet 260. Covering theinlet 250 and theoutlet 260 are fins orlouvers fins device 200. However, other fin and housing shapes are also possible. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 20 , the airflow is from the base of thehousing 210 to the top of thehousing 210. Any bacteria, germs, or virus within the airflow will have a dwell time within thehousing 210 sufficient to neutralize the germs or virus by means of a germicidal device, such as an ultraviolet lamp. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 20 , the device also includes animpeller fan 902 which during operation produces very little noise. Thefan 902 is designed to draw air into thedevice 200 through theinlet 250. Air drawn into thedevice 200 through the inlet is directed vertically towards theoutlet 260, through the housing. - In the embodiment shown in
FIG. 20 , thefan 902 is a “whisper”fan 902 which makes little or no humanly-audible noise while in operation. In alternate embodiments, an alternate fan can be used or in still further alternate embodiments any other device for moving air may be employed. - The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Modifications and variations maybe made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the invention as defined by the following claims. Embodiments were chosen and described in order to best describe the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention, the various embodiments and with various modifications that are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (35)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/003,035 US7318856B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2004-12-03 | Air treatment apparatus having an electrode extending along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to an air flow path |
PCT/US2005/002271 WO2005070010A2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-24 | Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist |
MXPA06008361A MXPA06008361A (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-24 | Electro-kinetic air transporter conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability and variable fan assist. |
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/186,471 US6176977B1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | Electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner |
US09/564,960 US6350417B1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-04 | Electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices |
US09/774,198 US6544485B1 (en) | 2001-01-29 | 2001-01-29 | Electro-kinetic device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability |
US30647901P | 2001-07-18 | 2001-07-18 | |
US09/924,624 US20010048906A1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2001-08-08 | Electrode self-cleaning mechanism for electro-kinetic air transporter-conditioner devices |
US34117901P | 2001-12-13 | 2001-12-13 | |
US10/074,096 US6974560B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2002-02-12 | Electro-kinetic air transporter and conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability |
US53897304P | 2004-01-22 | 2004-01-22 | |
US11/003,035 US7318856B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2004-12-03 | Air treatment apparatus having an electrode extending along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to an air flow path |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/074,096 Continuation-In-Part US6974560B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2002-02-12 | Electro-kinetic air transporter and conditioner device with enhanced anti-microorganism capability |
Publications (2)
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US20050183576A1 true US20050183576A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
US7318856B2 US7318856B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
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US11/003,035 Expired - Fee Related US7318856B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2004-12-03 | Air treatment apparatus having an electrode extending along an axis which is substantially perpendicular to an air flow path |
Country Status (3)
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US (1) | US7318856B2 (en) |
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Also Published As
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WO2005070010A2 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US7318856B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 |
MXPA06008361A (en) | 2007-05-23 |
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