US20050025997A1

US20050025997A1 - Luminescent device with a triarylamine compound

Info

Publication number: US20050025997A1
Application number: US10/921,918
Authority: US
Inventors: Akihiro Senoo; Yuichi Hashimoto; Kazunori Ueno; Seiji Mashimo; Shinichi Urakawa
Original assignee: Canon Inc
Current assignee: Canon Inc
Priority date: 1998-04-28
Filing date: 2004-08-20
Publication date: 2005-02-03
Also published as: US6833200B2; US20030207153A1

Abstract

A luminescent device having a pair of electrodes and a luminescent layer disposed between the electrodes. The luminescent layer comprises a compound represented by the following general formula:

Description

This application is a division of application Ser. No. 10/348,990, filed Jan. 23, 2003, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/299,632, filed on Apr. 27, 1999, now abandoned. Both of these prior applications are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a novel triarylamine compound and to a charge-injection-type luminescent device using the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a triarylamine compound applicable to a charge-injection-type luminescent device which directly converts injected charges into optical energy by an applied electric field, and relates to a luminescent device using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Pope et al., first discovered electroluminescence (EL) in an organic material, that is, single-crystal anthracene in 1963 (J. Chem. Phys., 38, 2042 (1963)). Subsequently, Helfinch and Schneider observed relatively strong EL in an injection EL material containing a solution system having a high injection efficiency in 1965 (Phys. Rev. Lett., 14, 229 (1965)).
Many studies of organic luminescent materials containing conjugated organic hosts and conjugated organic activators having condensed benzene rings have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,172,862, 3,173,050, and 3,710,167; J. Chem. Phys., 44, 2902 (1966); J. Chem. Phys., 58, 1542 (1973); and Chem. Phys. Lett., 36, 345 (1975). Examples of disclosed organic hosts include naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, pyrene, benzpyrene, chrysene, picene, carbazole, fluorene, biphenyl, terphenyl, triphenylene oxide, dihalobiphenyl, trans-stilbene, and 1,4-diphenylbutadiene. Examples of disclosed activators include anthracene, tetracene and pentacene. Since these organic luminescent materials are provided as single layers having a thickness of more than 1 μm, a high electric field is required for luminescence. Under these circumstances, thin film devices formed by a vacuum deposition process have been proposed (for example, “Thin Solid Films” p. 94 (1982); Polymer, 24, 748 (1983); and J. Appl. Phys., 25, L773 (1986)). Although the thin film devices are effective for reducing the driving voltage, their luminance is far from levels for practical use.
In recent years, Tang, et al., have developed an EL device having a high luminance at a low driving voltage (Appl. Phys. Lett., 51, 913 (1987) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,429). The EL device is fabricated by depositing two significantly thin layers, that is, a charge transport layer and a luminescent layer, between the anode and the cathode by a vacuum deposition process. Such layered organic EL devices are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 59-194393, 59-194393, 63-264692, and 3-163188, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,539,507 and 4,720,432, and Appl. Phys. Lett., 55, 1467 (1989).
Also, an EL device of a triple-layered structure having independently a carrier transport function and a luminescent ability was disclosed in Jpn. J. Apply. Phys., 2′, L269 and L713 (1988). Since the carrier transportability is improved in such an EL device, the versatility of possible dyes in the luminescent layer is considerably increased. Further, the device configuration suggests feasibility of improved luminescence by effectively trapping holes and electrons (or excimers) in the central luminescent layer.
Layered organic EL devices are generally formed by vacuum deposition processes. EL devices having considerable luminance are also formed by casting processes (as described in, for example, Extended Abstracts (The 50th Autumn Meeting (1989), p. 1006 and The 51st Autumn Meeting (1990), p. 1041; The Japan Society of Applied Physics). Considerably high luminance is also achieved by a single-layered mixture-type EL device, in which the layer is formed by immersion-coating a solution containing polyvinyl carbazole as a hole transport compound, an oxadiazole derivative as an electron transport compound and coumarin-6 as a luminescent material, as described in Extended Abstracts of the 38th Spring Meeting 1991, p. 1086; The Japan Society of Applied Physics and Related Societies.
As described above, the organic EL devices have been significantly improved and have suggested the feasibility of a wide variety of applications; however, these EL devices have some problems in practical use, for example, insufficient luminance, changes in luminance during prolonged use, and deterioration by atmospheric gas containing oxygen and humidity. Further, the EL devices do not sufficiently satisfy needs for diverse wavelengths of luminescent light for precisely determining luminescent hues of blue, green and red colors in full-color displays, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic compound applicable to a luminescent device having an optical output with significantly high efficiency and luminance.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an organic compound applicable to a luminescent device, which has diverse luminescent wavelengths, a variety of luminescent hues, and significantly high durability.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a luminescent device easily produced at relatively low production cost and is highly safe.
An aspect of the present invention is a triarylamine compound represented by the following general formula [1]:

wherein R¹and R²are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclic group, which may be the same or different from each other; and at least one of Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴is a fused aromatic ring.
Another aspect of the present invention is a triarylamine compound represented by the following general formula [2]:

wherein R³and R⁴are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Ar⁵, Ar⁶, Ar⁷, and Ar⁸are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclic group, which may be the same or different from each other; and at least one of Ar⁵, Ar⁶, Ar⁷, and Ar⁸is a π-conjugated aromatic hydrocarbon having 12 or more carbon atoms.
A further aspect of the present invention is a luminescent device comprising a pair of electrodes, and at least one compound among the compounds represented by the general formulae [1] or [2] disposed therebetween.
The organic luminescent device in accordance with the present invention is a thin lightweight solid device having a large area and high resolution and capable of high-speed operation, unlike conventional incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and inorganic luminescent diodes, and thus satisfies advanced requirements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a luminescent device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a luminescent device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a luminescent device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a luminescent device in accordance with Example 7 of the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is an infrared spectrum of an organic compound in accordance with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The present invention is characterized by a novel triarylamine compound represented by the general formula [1] or [2]:
In the general formula [1], R¹and R²are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and isopropyl groups; examples of alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, and phenoxy groups; and examples of aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl groups.
Examples of the substituent groups include halogen atoms, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; alkyl groups, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and iso-propyl groups; alkoxy groups, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and phenoxy groups; aralkyl groups, e.g., benzyl, phenetyl, and propylphenyl group; a nitro group; a cyano group; substituted amino groups, e.g., dimethyl amino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, and morpholino groups; aryl groups, e.g., phenyl, tolyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl groups; and heterocyclic groups, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolyl, and carbazolyl groups.
In the general formula [1], Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclic group, which may be the same or different from each other. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and fluorenyl. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups include pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, and carbazolyl groups.
At least one of Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴is a fused aromatic ring. Examples of the fused aromatic rings include naphthyl, anthryl, acenaphthyl, phenanthryl, naphthanyl, and fluoranthenyl rings. These fused aromatic rings may have substituent groups. Examples of the substituent groups include halogen atoms, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine; alkyl groups, e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and iso-propyl groups; alkoxy groups, e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, and phenoxy groups; aralkyl groups, e.g., benzyl, phenetyl, and propylphenyl group; a nitro group; a cyano group; substituted amino groups, e.g., dimethyl amino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, and morpholino groups; aryl groups, e.g., phenyl, tolyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthryl, and pyrenyl groups; and heterocyclic groups, e.g., pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, quinolyl, and carbazolyl groups.
In the general formula [2], R³and R⁴are the same as R and R², respectively, in the general formula [1], and Ar⁵, Ar⁶, Ar⁷, and Ar⁸are the same as Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴, respectively, in the general formula [1]. At least one of Ar⁵, Ar⁶, Ar⁷, and Ar⁸is a π-conjugated aromatic hydrocarbon having 12 or more carbon atoms. Examples of the π-conjugated aromatic hydrocarbon having 12 or more carbon atoms include polyphenyls, i.e., biphenyl, p-terphenyl, and quaterphenyl; and stilbene derivatives, i.e., styryl and phenylstyryl.

The following are typical non-limiting examples of the compounds represented by the general formula [1] or [2]. Compounds represented by the general formula [1]



Compound			Ar¹	R²
No.	R¹	R²	Ar³	R⁴


1	—H	—H



2	—H	—H



3	—H	—H



4	—H	—H



5	—H	—H



6	—H	—H



7	—H	—H



8	—H	—CH₃



9	—H



10	—H	—Br



11	—CH₃	—CH₃



12	—CH₃	—CH₃



13	—CH₃	—CH₃



14	—CH₃	—CH₃



15	—CH₃	—CH₃



16	—CH₃	—CH₃



17	—CH₃	—CH₃



18	—CH₃	—CH₃



19	—CH₃	—CH₃



20	—CH₃	—CH₃



21	—CH₃	—CH₃



22	—CH₃	—CH₃



23	—CH₃	—CH₃



24	—CH₃	—CH₃



25	—CH₃	—CH₃



26	—CH₃	—CH₃



27	—CH₃	—CH₃



28	—CH₃	—CH₃



29	—CH₃	—CH₃



30	—CH₃	—CH₃



31	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



32	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



33	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



34	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



35	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



36	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



37	—C₃H₇	—CH₃



38	—C₃H₇



39	—C₄H₉	—C₄H₉



40	—C₄H₉	—C₄H₉



41	—C₄H₈	—C₄H₈

OCH₃	OCH₃

42	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



43	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



44	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



45	—C₁₈H₃₇	—C₁₈H₃₇

Compounds represented by the general formula [2]



Com-
pound			Ar⁵	Ar⁶
No.	R³	R⁴	Ar⁷	Ar⁸


46	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



47	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



48	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



49	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



50	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



51	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



52	—C₂H₅	—C₂H₅



46	—C₃H₃



54	—C₄H₉	—C₄H₉



55	—C₄H₉	—C₄H₉



56



57	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



58	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



59	—C₈H₁₇	—C₈H₁₇



60	—C₁₈H₃₇	—C₁₈H₃₇



61	—CH₃	—CH₃



62	—CH₃	—CH₃



63	—CH₃	—CH₃



64	—CH₃	—CH₃



65	—CH₃	—CH₃



66	—CH₃	—CH₃



67	—CH₃	—CH₃



68	—CH₃	—CH₃



69	—CH₃	—CH₃



70	—CH₃	—CH₃



71	—CH₃	—CH₃



72	—CH₃	—CH₃



73	—CH₃	—CH₃



74	—CH₃	—CH₃



75	—CH₃	—CH₃



76	—CH₃	—CH₃



77	—H	—H



78	—H	—H



79	—H	—H



80	—H	—H



81	—H	—H



82	—H	—CH₃



83	—H	—C₃H₇



84	—H



85	—H	—Br



86	—CH₃	—CH₃



87	—CH₃	—CH₃



88	—CH₃	—CH₃



89	—CH₃	—CH₃



90	—CH₃	—C₃H₇

The luminescent device in accordance with the present invention has a layer or a plurality of layers composed of an organic compound disposed between an anode and a cathode, and at least one layer among the above organic layers contains a compound represented by the general formula [1] or [2].
The layer of the organic compound represented by the general formula [1] or [2] is formed between the anode and the cathode by a vacuum deposition process or a solution coating process. The thickness of the organic layer is preferably 2 μm or less, and more preferably 0.5 μm or less, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.5 μm.
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the luminescent device in accordance with the present invention. An anode 2, a luminescent layer 3 and a cathode 4 are formed on a substrate 1, in that order. In such a configuration, a usable luminescent layer 3 is generally composed of a single compound having hole transportability, electron transportability and luminescence, or a mixture of compounds each having one of these properties.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the luminescent device in accordance with the present invention. An anode 2, a hole transport layer 5, an electron transport layer 6 and a cathode 4 are formed on a substrate 1, in that order. The hole transport layer 5 and the electron transport layer 6 function as a luminescent layer 3. In such a configuration, a usable hole transport layer 5 is generally composed of a luminescent material having hole transportability or a mixture including such a material and a non-luminescent material having hole transportability. The luminescent and non-luminescent materials may also have electron transportability. The electron transport layer 6 may be composed of a luminescent material having electron transportability or a mixture including such a material and a non-luminescent material having electron transportability. The luminescent and non-luminescent materials may also have hole transportability.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of the luminescent device in accordance with the present invention. An anode 2, a hole transport layer 5, a luminescent layer 3, an electron transport layer 6 and a cathode 4 are formed on a substrate 1 in that order. In this configuration, carrier transport and luminescence are performed in the individual layers. Such a configuration permits a wide variety of combinations of a material having excellent hole transportability, a material having excellent electron transportability and a material having excellent luminescence. Further, the configuration permits the use of various compounds emitting light at different wavelengths; hence the hue of the luminescent light can be controlled over a wide range. Effective trap of holes and electrons (or excimers) in the central luminescent layer will increase the luminescent efficiency.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another luminescent device in accordance with the present invention. An anode 2, a hole injection-transport layer 7, a hole transport layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, and a cathode 4 are formed on a substrate 1, in that order. The hole injection-transport layer 7 facilitates hole injection from the anode 2. Thus, the luminescent device can maintain high efficiency for long driving times. In such a configuration, the hole transport layer 5 and/or the electron transport layer 6 function as a luminescent layer.
The compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2] have significantly superior luminescent characteristics to conventional compounds and can be used in all the electric field luminescent devices shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
The compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2] have hole transportability and/or electron transportability depending on the structures thereof. In all the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the compounds represented by the general formula [1] may be used alone or in combination, and the compounds represented by the general formula [2] may also be used alone or in combination. Alternatively, the compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2] may be used in combination.
As components of the luminescent layer in the luminescent device in accordance with the present invention, hole transport materials studied in the field of electrophotographic photosensitive members and known luminescent hole transport compounds as shown in Tables 1 to 5 or electron transport compounds and known luminescent electron transport materials as shown in Table 6 to 9 can be used with the compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2]. These compounds are used alone or in combination.
Table 10 illustrates examples of dopant dyes. The addition of a trace amount of dopant dye in the luminescent layer will significantly increase the luminescent efficiency or will change the luminescent color.

TABLE 1

Hole Transport Compounds

TABLE 2


Hole Transport Compounds

TABLE 3


Hole Transport Compounds

TABLE 4


Hole Transport Compounds

TABLE 5


Hole Transport Compounds

TABLE 6


Electron Transport Compounds


M:Al, Ga

M:Zn, Mg, Be

M:Zn, Mg, Be

M:Zn, Mg, Be

TABLE 7


Electron Transport Compounds

TABLE 8


Electron Transport Compounds

TABLE 9


Electron Transport Compounds

TABLE 10


Dopant Dyes

In the luminescent device in accordance with the present invention, the luminescent layer containing the compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2] and the other organic layer are generally formed by a vacuum deposition process or using a binding resin.
Non-limiting examples of the binding resins include polyvinyl carbazole resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyarylate resins, butyral resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl acetal resins, diallyl phthalate resins, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, silicon resins, polysulfone resins, and urea resins. These binding resins can be used alone or in combination.
Preferable anode materials have large work functions. Examples of such materials include nickel, gold, platinum, palladium, selenium, rhenium, and iridium; alloys thereof; and tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and copper iodide. Conductive polymers, such as poly(3-methylthiophene), polyphenylene sulfide and polypyrrole are also usable.
In contrast, preferable cathode materials have small work functions. Examples of such materials include silver, lead, tin, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, manganese, indium and chromium, and alloys thereof.
It is preferable that at least one electrode of the anode and cathode transmits 50% or more of incident light over the wavelength region of the luminescent light.
As the transparent substrate, glass and plastic films are used in the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples.
Synthesis of N,N,N′,N′-tetra-(1-naphthyl)-2,7-diamino-9,9-dimethylfluorene (Compound 13)
Into a 100-ml egg-plant type flask, 2.24 g (10 mmol) of 2,7-diamino-9,9-dimethylfluorene, 15.22 g (160 mmol) of 1-iodonaphthalene, 6.91 g(50 mmol) of potassium carbonate, 12.71 g (200 mmol) of powdered copper, and 50 ml of o-dichlorobenzene were fed, and the mixture was refluxed with stirring for 24 hours.
The reactant solution was cooled and then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Into the concentrated solution, 35 ml of acetone was added and then filtered to collect precipitated crude crystal. The crude crystal was purified through a silica gel column using a toluene-hexane mixture, and 6.13 g (yield: 84.1%) of pale yellow fine crystal N,N,N′,N′-tetra-(1-naphthyl)-2,7-diamino-9,9-dimethylfluorene (Compound 13) was prepared.
The melting point (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resulting compound were 331.0 to 332.7° C. and 169° C., respectively, according to differential scanning calorimetry using Pyris 1 by Perkin Elmer Corporation. FIG. 5 is an IR spectrum of the compound by a KBr tablet method using an FT-IR spectrophotometer (FT-IR-420) by JASCO.

Example 1

An indium tin oxide (ITO) film with a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a glass substrate by a sputtering process. After the transparent substrate was cleaned, a layer of Compound 12 with a thickness of 65 nm was deposited thereon at a deposition rate of 0.2 to 0.3 nm/sec. Then, a 65 nm thick aluminum quinolinol film was formed. Thereafter, a Mg-Ag metallic electrode having an atomic ratio of Mg:Ag=10:1 was formed by a vacuum deposition process at a deposition rate of 2.0 nm/sec under a vacuum pressure of 3 to 4×10⁻⁶torr. A luminescent device was thereby formed.
A direct current of 10 V was applied between the ITO anode and the Mg-Ag cathode of the luminescent device. A current flow of 175 mA/cm²and a green luminescence with a luminance of 5,300 cd/m²were observed. A voltage with a current density of 3.0 MA/cm²was applied to the sample for 100 hours. The luminance was 160 cd/m²at the start and changed to 140 cd/m²at the end.

Examples 2 to 6

Luminescent devices were prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 using Compounds 21, 36, 47, 72 and 88 instead of Compound 12. Table 11 shows the characteristics of these luminescent devices.

	TABLE 11


	Initial	After 100 hours

		Applied		Applied
	Com-	Voltage	Luminance	Voltage	Luminance
EXAMPLE	pound	(V)	(cd/m²)	(V)	(cd/m²)

2	21	5.3	350	5.9	345
3	36	6.7	275	7.8	280
4	47	4.8	345	5.7	330
5	72	4.9	550	5.5	530
6	88	5.7	450	3.8	450

Comparative Example 1

A luminescent device was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 using the following compound instead of Compound 12.
A direct current of 15 V was applied between the ITO anode and the Mg-Ag cathode of the luminescent device. A current flow of 15 mA/cm²and a green luminescence with a luminance of 35 cd/m²were observed. A voltage with a current density of 27 mA/cm²was applied to the sample for 100 hours. The luminance was 100 cd/m²at the start and decreased to 8 cd/m²at the end.
The results of EXAMPLES 1 to 6 and COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 show that the compounds in accordance with the present invention have high luminance and prolonged life compared to the comparative amine compound.

Example 7

A luminescent device shown in FIG. 4 was prepared as follows. An indium tin oxide (ITO) anode 2 with a thickness of 100 nm was formed on a glass substrate by a sputtering process. After the transparent substrate was cleaned, a m-MTDATA hole injection-transport layer 7 with a thickness of 20 nm was formed thereon, and a layer of Compound 32 with a thickness of 50 nm was deposited thereon as a hole transport layer 5. Furthermore, an electron transport layer of an electron transport compound (Alq₃) with a thickness of 65 nm was formed thereon, and then an aluminum cathode 4 with a thickness of 140 nm was formed thereon.
A direct current of 5 V was applied between the ITO anode and the aluminum cathode of the luminescent device. A current flow of 10 mA/cm²and a green luminescence with a luminance of 576 cd/m²were observed. A voltage with a current density of 3.0 mA/cm²was applied to the sample for 100 hours. The luminance was 265 cd/m²at the start and slightly changed to 250 cd/m²at the end.
As described above, luminescent devices using compounds represented by the general formulae [1] and [2] in accordance with the present invention have significantly high luminance for a low applied-voltage, and high durability. A large device can be readily formed by a vacuum deposition process or a casting process with relatively low production costs.
While the present invention has been described with reference to what are presently considered to be the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. A luminescent device comprising a pair of electrodes and a luminescent layer disposed therebetween, the luminescent layer comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1):

wherein R¹and R²are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group; Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heterocyclic group, which may be the same or different from each other; both Ar¹and Ar³are fused aromatic rings; at least one of R¹and R²is a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group.

2. The luminescent device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of Ar¹, Ar², Ar³, and Ar⁴is selected from the group consisting of a naphthyl group and an anthryl group.

3. The luminescent device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the luminescent layer is less than 2 μm.

4. The luminescent device according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the luminescent layer is in a range of 0.05 to 0.5 μm.

5. The luminescent device according to claim 1, wherein neither R¹nor R²is a hydrogen.