US20040266296A1 - Wear level indicating filaments and fabrics (and guideline applications) - Google Patents
Wear level indicating filaments and fabrics (and guideline applications) Download PDFInfo
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- US20040266296A1 US20040266296A1 US10/608,630 US60863003A US2004266296A1 US 20040266296 A1 US20040266296 A1 US 20040266296A1 US 60863003 A US60863003 A US 60863003A US 2004266296 A1 US2004266296 A1 US 2004266296A1
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- filament
- fabric
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- level
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/34—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns
- D02G3/346—Yarns or threads having slubs, knops, spirals, loops, tufts, or other irregular or decorative effects, i.e. effect yarns with coloured effects, i.e. by differential dyeing process
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/292—Conjugate, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, fibres or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/30—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments
- D03D15/37—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments with specific cross-section or surface shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/54—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads coloured
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/547—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads with optical functions other than colour, e.g. comprising light-emitting fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/36—Guiding mechanisms
- D21F1/365—Guiding mechanisms for controlling the lateral position of the screen
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
- D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/14—Dyeability
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/20—Physical properties optical
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/3089—Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/3089—Cross-sectional configuration of strand material is specified
- Y10T442/3114—Cross-sectional configuration of the strand material is other than circular
Definitions
- the present invention is directed towards means for detecting the wear level of, and creating guidelines on, papermaking and other industrial fabrics, particularly towards multilayered and conductive filaments used as such a means.
- a cellulosic fibrous web is formed by depositing a fibrous slurry, that is, an aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers, onto a moving forming fabric in the forming section of a paper machine. A large amount of water is drained from the slurry through the forming fabric, leaving the cellulosic fibrous web on the surface of the forming fabric.
- a fibrous slurry that is, an aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers
- the newly formed cellulosic fibrous web proceeds from the forming section to a press section, which includes a series of press nips.
- the cellulosic fibrous web passes through the press nips supported by a press fabric, or, as is often the case, between two such press fabrics.
- the press nips the cellulosic fibrous web is subjected to compressive forces which squeeze water therefrom, and which adhere the cellulosic fibers in the web to one another to turn the cellulosic fibrous web into a paper sheet.
- the water is accepted by the press fabric or fabrics and, ideally, does not return to the paper sheet.
- the paper sheet finally proceeds to a dryer section, which includes at least one series of rotatable dryer drums or cylinders, which are internally heated by steam.
- the newly formed paper sheet is directed in a serpentine path sequentially around each in the series of drums by a dryer fabric, which holds the paper sheet closely against the surfaces of the drums.
- the heated drums reduce the water content of the paper sheet to a desirable level through evaporation.
- the forming, press and dryer fabrics all take the form of endless loops on the paper machine and function in the manner of conveyors. It should further be appreciated that paper manufacture is a continuous process which proceeds at considerable speeds. That is to say, the fibrous slurry is continuously deposited onto the forming fabric in the forming section, while a newly manufactured paper sheet is continuously wound onto rolls after it exits from the dryer section.
- the present invention is directed towards a fabric which includes multilayer filaments comprising a core yarn surrounded by one or more outside layers.
- the core and the layers are visibly distinguishable from one another by, for example, their contrasting color, or reflectivity. This enables fabric wear to be monitored as abrasion gradually wears away successive layers of the filaments, eventually revealing the core yarns.
- conductive monofilaments are woven into the wear side of a fabric to create another type of wear detection system. By measuring, for example, the resistance in the cross direction of the fabric, it is possible to determine the level of wear.
- the multilayer filaments are used to create a visible guideline on the fabric in CD and/or MD directions.
- the guideline is not removable by high-pressure showers or chemical cleaning, and is used for determining belt alignment, speed measurements, or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system.
- a conductive filament having a contrasting color is used to create a permanent guideline on a fabric.
- the color contrast or the electrical properties of the filaments can be used as a trigger for on-line speed measurements or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of the an example of a multilayered filament according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is side and top views of the multilayered filament in FIG. 1 exhibiting wear, incorporating the teachings of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the an example of a multilayered optical filament according to another aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top view of an example of a fabric comprising the multilayered filaments of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the fabric in FIG. 4, exhibiting wear
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate examples of fabrics with, respectively, CD and MD guidelines, incorporating the teachings of the present invention.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in the context of filaments and fabrics woven therefrom used in papermaking. However, it should be noted that the invention is applicable to the fabrics used in other industrial settings where wear detection and guiding are of importance.
- Fabric constructions include woven, spiral wound, knitted, extruded mesh, spiral coil, and other nonwoven fabrics. These fabrics may also include monofilament, plied monofilament, multifilament or plied multifilament yarns, and may be a single-layer weave, a multi-layer weave or laminated.
- the filament can be the coils, the yarns used to connect the coils or the inserts (stuffers) that may be present in the coil interior void.
- the yarns are typically extruded from any one of the synthetic polymeric resins, such as polyamide and polyester resins, used for this purpose by those of ordinary skill in the industrial fabric arts.
- FIG. 1 An example of the multilayer filament 10 of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 (cross-sectional view).
- the filament 10 can comprise, for example, a core yarn 12 surrounded by a plurality of outside layers 14 , 16 , 18 .
- the core 12 and the surrounding layers 14 , 16 , 18 are visibly distinguishable from one another by, for example, their contrasting color, or reflectivity. This enables the wear of fabrics comprising such filaments 10 to be monitored as abrasion gradually wears away successive layers 14 , 16 , 18 of the filaments 10 , eventually revealing the core yarns 12 .
- FIG. 2 cross-sectional view and plan view.
- the core 12 and the layers 14 , 16 , 18 can also be doped with dyes or other substances that will change their appearance.
- the dye would then be detectable by a sensor when excited with an external energy source, for example, a light (e.g., laser, or UV) or ultra sound.
- the filaments 10 can also comprise a light absorbing/transmitting core 12 and several transparent layers 14 , 16 , 18 having varying refractions n 1 , n 2 , n 3 .
- An example of this multilayer optical filament 10 is shown in FIG. 3. In this case, the transmitted/reflected light from the filament 10 changes color depending on the wear level through the layers 14 , 16 , 18 .
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of an unused fabric 20 (wear side) comprising at least some of the multilayered filaments 10 , according to the teachings of the present invention.
- Fabric 20 can be a structure woven from yarns 10 lying in the cross-machine direction (CD) and yarns 22 lying in the machine direction (MD), although it need not be woven to fall within the scope of the present invention, and could be a nonwoven structure.
- CD yarns 10 which are multilayered filaments of the variety shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are depicted as weaving with MD yarns 22 in a plain weave.
- the knuckles 24 on the surface of the fabric 20 are most susceptible to wear because they are formed where a yarn in one direction of the fabric 20 passes or crosses over one in the other direction, and are therefore elevated points on the surface of the fabric 20 .
- the same plan view of the fabric 20 will appear as shown in FIG. 5.
- At least one or more of the outer layers 16 , 18 of the CD multilayered filaments 10 are shown to be worn away to the point where an inner layer 14 or the core 12 is exposed to view.
- the inner layer 14 or core 12 gives an indication of the wear of the fabric 20 .
- the CD yarns 10 can be conductive monofilaments woven into the wear side of fabric 20 to provide another means of wear detection.
- a corresponding level of fabric wear is determined. That is, less cross sectional area of the conductive monofilaments corresponds to lower conductivity in the CD direction of the fabric 20 .
- the multilayer filaments 10 are used to create a visible guideline 30 on a fabric in the CD and/or MD directions.
- This guideline 30 is used for determining belt alignment, on-line speed measurements, or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system.
- the guideline 30 is not removable by high-pressure showers or chemical cleaning.
- a conductive monofilament having a contrasting color can also be used to create the guideline 30 on the fabric.
- the color contrast and/or the electrical properties of the monofilaments can be used as the trigger for on-line speed measurements or as the trigger for the electronic guiding system.
- the filament used can be either round or non-round in cross section.
- each filament can be the inventive filament, or at least one filament can have the inventive (e.g., conductive) property.
- inventive e.g., conductive
Abstract
The invention relates to wear level indicating filaments and the fabrics made thereof. Disclosed are filaments with multiple layers surrounding a core yarn, where the core and layers are distinguishable from one another so as to indicate fabric wear. Also disclosed are conductive monofilaments used to detect fabric wear, multilayer filaments used to create a guideline on a fabric, and a conductive monofilament that also has a contrasting color used to form a fabric guideline.
Description
- The present invention is directed towards means for detecting the wear level of, and creating guidelines on, papermaking and other industrial fabrics, particularly towards multilayered and conductive filaments used as such a means.
- During the papermaking process, a cellulosic fibrous web is formed by depositing a fibrous slurry, that is, an aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers, onto a moving forming fabric in the forming section of a paper machine. A large amount of water is drained from the slurry through the forming fabric, leaving the cellulosic fibrous web on the surface of the forming fabric.
- The newly formed cellulosic fibrous web proceeds from the forming section to a press section, which includes a series of press nips. The cellulosic fibrous web passes through the press nips supported by a press fabric, or, as is often the case, between two such press fabrics. In the press nips, the cellulosic fibrous web is subjected to compressive forces which squeeze water therefrom, and which adhere the cellulosic fibers in the web to one another to turn the cellulosic fibrous web into a paper sheet. The water is accepted by the press fabric or fabrics and, ideally, does not return to the paper sheet.
- The paper sheet finally proceeds to a dryer section, which includes at least one series of rotatable dryer drums or cylinders, which are internally heated by steam. The newly formed paper sheet is directed in a serpentine path sequentially around each in the series of drums by a dryer fabric, which holds the paper sheet closely against the surfaces of the drums. The heated drums reduce the water content of the paper sheet to a desirable level through evaporation.
- It should be appreciated that the forming, press and dryer fabrics all take the form of endless loops on the paper machine and function in the manner of conveyors. It should further be appreciated that paper manufacture is a continuous process which proceeds at considerable speeds. That is to say, the fibrous slurry is continuously deposited onto the forming fabric in the forming section, while a newly manufactured paper sheet is continuously wound onto rolls after it exits from the dryer section.
- Operating, as they do, in the form of endless loops on paper machines, papermaker's fabrics, and particularly their inner surfaces, are susceptible to abrasive wear. Much of this wear results from contact with stationery components of the paper machine. Ultimately, many fabrics must be removed from paper machines when the wear caused by such moving contact has reduced the thickness of the fabric, at least in some locations, to the point where it is weakened or has lost some quality or characteristic desired by papermakers in its particular application.
- Normally, wear is monitored using a thickness gauge. However, it is difficult to measure the thickness of a papermaker's fabric more than a foot or two in from its edges with such a gauge, especially when the fabric is running on a paper machine.
- Clearly, a means for monitoring wear on a papermaker's fabric, and particularly at any point on its inner and outer surfaces, even when the paper machine is operating, would be very helpful to those in the papermaking industry. The present invention provides such a means to the industry.
- It is therefore a principal object of the invention to provide for an industrial fabric having a built-in mechanism that enables wear of the fabric to be monitored.
- It is a further object of the invention to provide for a fabric which has a detectable guideline.
- This and other objects and advantages are provided by the present invention. In this regard, the present invention is directed towards a fabric which includes multilayer filaments comprising a core yarn surrounded by one or more outside layers. The core and the layers are visibly distinguishable from one another by, for example, their contrasting color, or reflectivity. This enables fabric wear to be monitored as abrasion gradually wears away successive layers of the filaments, eventually revealing the core yarns.
- In a second aspect of the invention, conductive monofilaments are woven into the wear side of a fabric to create another type of wear detection system. By measuring, for example, the resistance in the cross direction of the fabric, it is possible to determine the level of wear.
- In a third aspect of the invention, the multilayer filaments are used to create a visible guideline on the fabric in CD and/or MD directions. The guideline is not removable by high-pressure showers or chemical cleaning, and is used for determining belt alignment, speed measurements, or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system.
- In a fourth aspect of the invention, a conductive filament having a contrasting color is used to create a permanent guideline on a fabric. The color contrast or the electrical properties of the filaments can be used as a trigger for on-line speed measurements or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system.
- Thus by the present invention, its objects and advantages will be realized the description of which should be taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of the an example of a multilayered filament according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is side and top views of the multilayered filament in FIG. 1 exhibiting wear, incorporating the teachings of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the an example of a multilayered optical filament according to another aspect of the invention;
- FIG. 4 is a top view of an example of a fabric comprising the multilayered filaments of FIGS. 1, 2 and3;
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the fabric in FIG. 4, exhibiting wear;
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate examples of fabrics with, respectively, CD and MD guidelines, incorporating the teachings of the present invention.
- A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in the context of filaments and fabrics woven therefrom used in papermaking. However, it should be noted that the invention is applicable to the fabrics used in other industrial settings where wear detection and guiding are of importance.
- Fabric constructions include woven, spiral wound, knitted, extruded mesh, spiral coil, and other nonwoven fabrics. These fabrics may also include monofilament, plied monofilament, multifilament or plied multifilament yarns, and may be a single-layer weave, a multi-layer weave or laminated. When the fabric is a spiral coil fabric, the filament can be the coils, the yarns used to connect the coils or the inserts (stuffers) that may be present in the coil interior void. The yarns are typically extruded from any one of the synthetic polymeric resins, such as polyamide and polyester resins, used for this purpose by those of ordinary skill in the industrial fabric arts.
- An example of the
multilayer filament 10 of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 (cross-sectional view). Thefilament 10 can comprise, for example, acore yarn 12 surrounded by a plurality ofoutside layers core 12 and the surroundinglayers such filaments 10 to be monitored as abrasion gradually wears awaysuccessive layers filaments 10, eventually revealing thecore yarns 12. An example of themultilayered filament 10 exhibiting such wear is shown in FIG. 2 (cross-sectional view and plan view). - In alternative embodiments (not shown) the
core 12 and thelayers - In yet a further embodiment, the
filaments 10 can also comprise a light absorbing/transmittingcore 12 and severaltransparent layers optical filament 10 is shown in FIG. 3. In this case, the transmitted/reflected light from thefilament 10 changes color depending on the wear level through thelayers - FIG. 4 is a plan view of an unused fabric20 (wear side) comprising at least some of the
multilayered filaments 10, according to the teachings of the present invention.Fabric 20 can be a structure woven fromyarns 10 lying in the cross-machine direction (CD) andyarns 22 lying in the machine direction (MD), although it need not be woven to fall within the scope of the present invention, and could be a nonwoven structure. In FIG. 4,CD yarns 10 which are multilayered filaments of the variety shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are depicted as weaving withMD yarns 22 in a plain weave. In the example shown, theknuckles 24 on the surface of thefabric 20 are most susceptible to wear because they are formed where a yarn in one direction of thefabric 20 passes or crosses over one in the other direction, and are therefore elevated points on the surface of thefabric 20. - After the
fabric 20 has been used for some period of time, the same plan view of thefabric 20 will appear as shown in FIG. 5. At least one or more of theouter layers multilayered filaments 10 are shown to be worn away to the point where aninner layer 14 or thecore 12 is exposed to view. By virtue of its different color or reflectivity, for example, compared to that of theouter layers inner layer 14 orcore 12 gives an indication of the wear of thefabric 20. - Alternatively, the
CD yarns 10 can be conductive monofilaments woven into the wear side offabric 20 to provide another means of wear detection. Thus, by measuring the conductivity in the CD direction of thefabric 20 over a period of use, a corresponding level of fabric wear is determined. That is, less cross sectional area of the conductive monofilaments corresponds to lower conductivity in the CD direction of thefabric 20. - In another aspect of the invention, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the
multilayer filaments 10 are used to create a visible guideline 30 on a fabric in the CD and/or MD directions. This guideline 30 is used for determining belt alignment, on-line speed measurements, or as a trigger for an electronic guiding system. Advantageously, the guideline 30 is not removable by high-pressure showers or chemical cleaning. Alternatively, a conductive monofilament having a contrasting color can also be used to create the guideline 30 on the fabric. In this case, the color contrast and/or the electrical properties of the monofilaments can be used as the trigger for on-line speed measurements or as the trigger for the electronic guiding system. In all cases, the filament used can be either round or non-round in cross section. If the yarn is a multifilament, that is, a yarn that has more than one filament, each filament can be the inventive filament, or at least one filament can have the inventive (e.g., conductive) property. As for all aspects of the invention recited, however, there should be sufficient filaments in a multifilament yarn that have the inventive property so as to achieve the desired results. - Thus by the present invention its objects and advantages are realized, and although preferred embodiments have been disclosed and described in detail herein, its scope and objects should not be limited thereby; rather its scope should be determined by that of the appended claims.
Claims (47)
1. A filament having a core surrounded by a plurality of respective layers and being indicative of a level of wear of a fabric comprised thereof.
2. The filament of claim 1 , wherein the core and the respective layers are distinguishable from one another by their differing properties.
3. The filament of claim 1 , wherein the indicated level of fabric wear is associated with a wear level through the respective layers.
4. The filament of claim 2 , wherein one of the differing properties is color.
5. The filament of claim 2 , wherein one of the differing properties is reflectivity.
6. The filament of claim 1 , wherein the core and the respective layers are visibly distiguishable from one another.
7. The filament of claim 1 , comprising a light absorbing core and transparent layers having varying refractions.
8. The filament of claim 7 , wherein light reflected by the core changes color depending on the wear level through the transparent layers.
9. The filament of claim 1 , comprising a light transmitting core and transparent layers having varying refractions.
10. The filament of claim 9 , wherein light transmitted from the core changes color depending on the wear level through the transparent layers.
11. The filament of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the core and the respective layers are doped with dyes.
12. The filament of claim 11 , wherein the dye is detectable by a sensor when excited by an external energy source.
13. The filament of claim 1 wherein the filament has a round or non-round shape.
14. The filament of claim 1 wherein the filament comprises some or all of a multifilament yarn.
15. A fabric comprising one or more filaments each having a core surrounded by a plurality of respective layers and being indicative of a level of fabric wear.
16. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein the core and the respective layers are distinguishable from one another by their differing properties.
17. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein the indicated level of fabric wear is associated with a wear level through the respective layers.
18. The fabric of claim 16 , wherein one of the differing properties is color.
19. The fabric of claim 16 , wherein one of the differing properties is reflectivity.
20. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein the core and the respective layers are visibly distiguishable from one another.
21. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein each filament comprises a light absorbing core and transparent layers having varying refractions.
22. The fabric of claim 21 , wherein light reflected by the core changes color depending on the wear level through the transparent layers.
23. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein each filament comprises a light transmitting core and transparent layers having varying refractions.
24. The fabric of claim 23 , wherein light transmitted from the core changes color depending on the wear level through the transparent layers.
25. The fabric of claim 15 , wherein one or more of the core and the respective layers are doped with dyes.
26. The fabric of claim 25 , wherein the dye is detectable by a sensor when excited by an external energy source.
27. The filament of claim 15 wherein the filament has a round or non-round shape.
28. The filament of claim 15 wherein the filament comprises some or all of a multifilament yarn.
29. A filament indicative of a level of wear of a fabric comprising one or more conductive monofilaments.
30. The filament of claim 29 , wherein the indicated level of fabric wear is associated with a wear level through the conductive monofilament.
31. The filament of claim 29 wherein the filament has a round or non-round shape
32. A fabric comprising one or more conductive monofilaments indicative of a level of fabric wear.
33. The fabric of claim 32 , wherein the indicated level of fabric wear is associated with a wear level through the conductive monofilaments.
34. The fabric of claim 32 wherein some or all of the conductive monofilaments have a round or non-round shape.
35. The fabric of claim 32 wherein the conductive monofilament comprises some or all of a multifilament yarn.
36. A filament having a core surrounded by a plurality of layers, and forming a visible guideline on a fabric comprising said filament.
37. The filament of claim 36 , wherein the fabric is used on a papermaking machine, and the guideline is used for one of determining fabric alignment, on-line speed measurements, or a trigger for a guiding system.
38. The filament of claim 37 , wherein the guideline runs in a cross machine direction.
39. The filament of claim 37 , wherein the guideline runs in a machine direction.
40. The filament of claim 36 , wherein the guideline resists removable by high-pressure showers or chemical cleaning.
41. The filament of claim 36 wherein the filament has a round or non-round shape.
42. The filament of claim 36 wherein the filament comprises some or all of a multifilament yarn.
43. A conductive monofilament having a contrasting color and used as a guideline on a fabric comprising said monofilament.
44. The filament of claim 43 wherein the filament has a round or non-round shape.
45. The filament of claim 43 wherein the filament comprises some or all of a multifilament yarn.
46. The fabric having a guideline comprised of a conductive monofilament with a contrasting color.
47. The fabric of claim 46 , wherein the fabric is used on a papermaking machine and at least one of the color and the conductivity of the monofilament is used as one of a trigger for on-line speed measurements or a trigger for a guiding system.
Priority Applications (23)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/608,630 US20040266296A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2003-06-27 | Wear level indicating filaments and fabrics (and guideline applications) |
PT04755174T PT1639194E (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
CN2004800182540A CN1813104B (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
PL04755174T PL1639194T3 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
MXPA05014228A MXPA05014228A (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments. |
KR1020057024934A KR101163991B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
EP04755174A EP1639194B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
PCT/US2004/018841 WO2005005719A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
ES04755174T ES2333225T3 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | INDICATION OF THE LEVEL OF WEAR OF A FABRIC THROUGH THE USE OF FILAMENTS. |
DE200460023290 DE602004023290D1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | WEAR OF A FABRIC BY USING FILAMENTS |
AU2004255728A AU2004255728A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
JP2006517253A JP4643571B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Technology for detecting fabric wear using filaments |
ZA200600046A ZA200600046B (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
ES09165880T ES2389144T3 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the level of wear of a fabric through the use of filaments |
BRPI0412016-7B1A BRPI0412016B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | FILAMENT FOR USE IN AN INDUSTRIAL FABRIC USED IN PAPER MANUFACTURE, CONDUCTIVE MONOFILATION USED IN PAPER MANUFACTURE AND TO BE USED IN A PAPER MANUFACTURING MACHINE |
RU2005140048A RU2347020C2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of level of wear and tear with help of fibres |
CA 2530472 CA2530472C (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
EP09165880A EP2105530B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
CA 2752532 CA2752532C (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a fabric by the use of filaments |
NZ544352A NZ544352A (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | Indication of the wear level of a papermaking fabric by the use of coloured or conductive yarn components |
AT04755174T ATE443791T1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-14 | WEAR INDICATOR OF A FABRIC USING FILAMENTS |
TW093118520A TW200514893A (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2004-06-25 | Wear level indicating filaments and fabrics (and guideline applications) |
NO20060458A NO20060458L (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2006-01-27 | Indication of wear level on a textile using filaments |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US10/608,630 US20040266296A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2003-06-27 | Wear level indicating filaments and fabrics (and guideline applications) |
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US (1) | US20040266296A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2105530B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4643571B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101163991B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1813104B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE443791T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004255728A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0412016B1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2530472C (en) |
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NO (1) | NO20060458L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ544352A (en) |
PL (1) | PL1639194T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1639194E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2347020C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW200514893A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005005719A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200600046B (en) |
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US20080233379A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | O'connor Joseph G | Industrial fabric having a thermochromic sensor |
US20130000005A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Banom, Inc. | Plaited glove |
WO2014078419A2 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-22 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
CN104452007A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 常州科旭纺织有限公司 | High-performance core spun yarn and application thereof |
US9382663B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2016-07-05 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
WO2017083691A1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Harnischfeger Technologies, Inc. | Methods and systems for detecting heavy machine wear |
US10190287B2 (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2019-01-29 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Industrial machine component detection and performance control |
US10316497B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2019-06-11 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Metal tooth detection and locating |
US10994521B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-05-04 | Gates Corporation | Rubber product with wear indicating layers |
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US7998393B2 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2011-08-16 | General Electric Company | Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance |
WO2016071262A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 | 2016-05-12 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Clothing having an indicator layer |
KR101859181B1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2018-05-17 | 주식회사 덕성 | Multilayer coated multicolor yarn and manufacturing method thereof |
CN110004528A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-07-12 | 宿迁市柯信纺织品股份有限公司 | A kind of Retreatment method applied to textile industry carding step |
CN110284227A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-27 | 苏州峰佳达化纤纺织有限公司 | A kind of high strength and high flexibility washs bright and beautiful multilayer composite wire |
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US20080026194A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2008-01-31 | Albany International Corp. | Passive Sensor System for Detecting of Wear Problems in Paper Machine Clothing |
US7799175B2 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2010-09-21 | Albany International Corp. | Passive sensor system for detection of wear problems in paper machine clothing |
US20080233379A1 (en) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-25 | O'connor Joseph G | Industrial fabric having a thermochromic sensor |
US8728373B2 (en) | 2007-03-20 | 2014-05-20 | Albany International Corp. | Industrial fabric having a thermochromic sensor |
US20130000005A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Banom, Inc. | Plaited glove |
WO2013003040A3 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2014-05-22 | Banom, Inc. | Plaited glove |
US10316497B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2019-06-11 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Metal tooth detection and locating |
US9443301B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2016-09-13 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9920480B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2018-03-20 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Process of using a characteristic of a first papermaking fabric to form a second papermaking fabric |
US9062416B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2015-06-23 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9349175B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2016-05-24 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9382663B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2016-07-05 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
WO2014078419A3 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-08-21 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US10699397B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2020-06-30 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Processes of determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9879378B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2018-01-30 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9920479B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2018-03-20 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US10392751B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2019-08-27 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Process of forming a second papermaking product based on characteristics of a first papermaking product |
US9953405B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2018-04-24 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Process of determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
US9963828B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2018-05-08 | Gpcp Ip Holdings Llc | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
WO2014078419A2 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-22 | Georgia-Pacific Consumer Products Lp | Apparatus, system, and process for determining characteristics of a surface of a papermaking fabric |
CN104452007A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-25 | 常州科旭纺织有限公司 | High-performance core spun yarn and application thereof |
US10190287B2 (en) | 2015-05-22 | 2019-01-29 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Industrial machine component detection and performance control |
US10024034B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2018-07-17 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Methods and systems for detecting heavy machine wear |
US10655306B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2020-05-19 | Joy Global Surface Mining Inc | Methods and systems for detecting heavy machine wear |
WO2017083691A1 (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Harnischfeger Technologies, Inc. | Methods and systems for detecting heavy machine wear |
US10994521B2 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2021-05-04 | Gates Corporation | Rubber product with wear indicating layers |
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MXPA05014228A (en) | 2006-07-03 |
CA2530472C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
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CN1813104B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
KR101163991B1 (en) | 2012-07-20 |
CA2752532C (en) | 2014-02-18 |
KR20060026890A (en) | 2006-03-24 |
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TW200514893A (en) | 2005-05-01 |
EP1639194A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
PT1639194E (en) | 2009-12-07 |
AU2004255728A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
NO20060458L (en) | 2006-03-27 |
EP2105530B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
WO2005005719A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
ES2389144T3 (en) | 2012-10-23 |
CN1813104A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
CA2752532A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
JP4643571B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
EP2105530A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
NZ544352A (en) | 2009-03-31 |
RU2005140048A (en) | 2006-07-27 |
JP2007520641A (en) | 2007-07-26 |
ATE443791T1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
EP1639194B1 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
ZA200600046B (en) | 2007-03-28 |
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