US20040182887A1 - Dispenser for discharging liquid material - Google Patents
Dispenser for discharging liquid material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040182887A1 US20040182887A1 US10/803,241 US80324104A US2004182887A1 US 20040182887 A1 US20040182887 A1 US 20040182887A1 US 80324104 A US80324104 A US 80324104A US 2004182887 A1 US2004182887 A1 US 2004182887A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid material
- syringe
- dispenser
- discharging
- liquid crystal
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
- G02F1/13415—Drop filling process
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a dispenser for discharging a liquid material which is suitably used for a liquid crystal drip injection method, for example.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- A liquid crystal display device is composed of a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal inserted between the substrates. For example, one substrate is a TFT substrate on which TFTs are formed, and the other substrate is a color filter substrate on which a color filter is formed. On one substrate, an annular seal made of a light curable sealing agent is formed, and the annular seal is cured when it is irradiated with ultraviolet rays after the pair of substrates are bonded to each other. Liquid crystal is inserted into a region surrounded by the annular seal.
- In the conventional method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, an injection hole is provided in the annular seal. After a pair of substrates are bonded to each other, the liquid crystal is injected from the injection hole provided in the annular seal in a vacuum chamber. After that, the injection hole provided in the annular seal is closed, and a liquid crystal panel composed of the pair of substrates is taken out from the vacuum chamber.
- A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, which is called a drip injection method, has been recently proposed (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2002-229044, for example). According to the drip injection method, an annular seal is formed on one of the substrates, and droplets of the liquid crystal are dripped in the annular seal. Then, the pair of substrates are bonded to each other in a vacuum chamber. According to the drip injection method, the manufacturing process can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost of a liquid crystal display device can be lowered.
- In the drip injection method, in order to drip the liquid crystal onto the substrate, a dispenser for discharging a liquid material is used. The dispenser for discharging a liquid material includes a syringe having a nozzle at one end, and a plunger engaged in the syringe from the other end of the syringe. When the plunger is advanced in the syringe, droplets of the liquid crystal are ejected from the nozzle.
- In the drip injection method used for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, it is necessary to uniformly and stably discharge a small quantity of the liquid crystal from the dispenser. When the quantity of the liquid crystal discharged from the dispenser fluctuates, the thickness of a liquid crystal cell fluctuates and the quality of the display is deteriorated, and further bubbles (a vacuum layer) are generated and mixed in the liquid crystal. When bubbles and foreign objects are mixed in the liquid crystal in the syringe, the cell thickness locally fluctuates and further the liquid crystal is polluted. In order to avoid the occurrence of the above problems, it is necessary to supply a predetermined quantity of liquid crystal into the syringe without causing bubbles in the liquid crystal. It is also necessary to discharge a predetermined quantity of liquid crystal from the syringe each injection time without causing bubbles in the liquid crystals.
- Not only in the dispenser for discharging a liquid material, which is used for the drip injection method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, but also in the syringe of the dispenser for discharging a liquid material, which is used for discharging another liquid material, when a quantity of a supplied liquid material becomes unstable, a quantity of a discharged liquid material also becomes unstable. Therefore, it is impossible to supply and discharge the liquid material stably. In the case where foreign objects are mixed in the liquid material or the liquid material itself is polluted, various problems may be caused depending on the use.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a dispenser for discharging a liquid material capable of stably discharging a liquid material without causing pollution.
- A dispenser for discharging a liquid material, according to the present invention, comprises a syringe having a nozzle at one end thereof, a plunger engaged in the syringe from the other end of the syringe, a pipe connected to a portion of the syringe between the one end and the other end of the syringe, and a liquid material tank connected to the other end of the pipe, the liquid material tank being arranged so that a level of a liquid material in the liquid material tank is higher than the syringe.
- According to this constitution, when the plunger is advanced in the syringe, droplets of liquid material (a liquid crystal) are discharged from the nozzle. When the plunger is retracted in the syringe, the liquid crystal is supplied from the liquid material tank into the syringe. As the liquid material tank is arranged in such a manner that a level of a liquid material in the liquid material tank is higher than the syringe, the liquid material can be smoothly supplied from the liquid material tank into the syringe without generating bubbles.
- The present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a dispenser for discharging a liquid material of an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a filter;
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a discharge valve;
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the dispenser in the case in which a liquid material in the liquid material tank is supplied into the syringe;
- FIG. 5 is a view showing the dispenser in the case in which a liquid material is discharged from the nozzle of the syringe;
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a liquid crystal display device;
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a dripping injection process;
- FIG. 8 is a view showing the relationship between the pressure applied in the liquid material tank and the supply of liquid material;
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a plunger moving time required for moving a predetermined quantity of liquid material under a predetermined pressure of gas; and
- FIG. 10 is a view showing the relationship between the number of times of discharging a liquid material and the discharge deviation.
- Referring to the drawings, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained below.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a dispenser for discharging a liquid material of an embodiment of the present invention. The
dispenser 10 for discharging a liquid material includes asyringe 12, aplunger 14, aliquid material tank 16, and apipe 18 connecting thesyringe 12 with theliquid material tank 16. Anozzle 20 is provided at one end of thesyringe 12, and theplunger 14 is fitted in thesyringe 12 from the other end of thesyringe 12. - The
plunger 14 is driven by apulse motor 22. Thesyringe 12 is arranged in acasing 24 together with theplunger 14. Thepulse motor 22 and a motion transmitting mechanism are also arranged in thecasing 24. A heater for heating the liquid material in thesyringe 12 is arranged in thecasing 24. Further, adischarge valve 26 is arranged at a position near thenozzle 20 of thesyringe 12. - Liquid material28 (for example, a liquid crystal) is put in the
liquid material tank 16. Theliquid material tank 16 is arranged so that thelevel 28 a of theliquid material 28 in the liquid material tank is higher than thesyringe 12. It is preferable that the bottom of theliquid material tank 16 is higher than the top of thesyringe 12. Accordingly, when theliquid material 28 is supplied from theliquid material tank 16 into thesyringe 12, no bubbles are mixed in theliquid material 28, and theliquid material 28 can be smoothly supplied. - The
liquid material tank 16 includes acap 30, and apipe 34 connected to agas supply device 32 is connected to thecap 30. Thegas supply device 32 supplies a gas (for example, N2) onto thelevel 28 a of the liquid material in theliquid material tank 16. Thegas supply device 32 for supplying a gas onto thelevel 28 a of the liquid material in theliquid material tank 16 constitutes a means (device) for applying a pressure to theliquid material 28 in theliquid material tank 16. - Also, a
leak hole 36 is provided in thecap 30. A portion of the gas supplied into theliquid material tank 16 is released to the outside from theleak hole 36. Therefore, the pressure in theliquid material tank 16 can be adjusted by the volume of the supplied gas and the volume of leaked gas. In the case where the gas is supplied and leaked, consideration should be given such that thelevel 28 a of the liquid material in theliquid material tank 16 does not directly come into contact with air and the liquid material is not polluted with moisture. - One end of the
pipe 18 is connected to a portion of thesyringe 12 between the upper end and the lower end thereof, and the other end of thepipe 18 is connected to the lower end of theliquid material tank 16. Afilter 38 and asupply valve 40 are arranged in thepipe 18. Thefilter 38 can be arranged in theliquid material tank 16. - FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the
filter 38. Thefilter 38 includes afilter case 38 a and afilter member 38 b, the shape of which is a reverse-cup-shape, arranged in thefilter case 38 a. Thefilter case 38 a has a substantially linearvertical passage 38 c. Thefilter member 38 b is made of porous material. It is preferable that thefilter member 38 b made of porous material has holes of 0.2 μm to 5 μm in diameter. When the hole diameter of thefilter member 38 b is too large, the filtering effect is lowered, and when the hole diameter of thefilter member 38 b is too small, a flow of the liquid material is resisted. - The
supply valve 40 comprises an electromagnetically operated barrel valve or diaphragm valve. Thedischarge valve 26 comprises a pneumatically operated syringe valve or plug valve. - FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of the
discharge valve 26. Thedischarge valve 26 includes avalve case 26 a and acylindrical valve member 26 b arranged in thevalve case 26 a. Thevalve case 26 a has a substantially linearvertical passage 26 c, and thevalve member 26 b has apassage 26 d penetrating thevalve member 26 b in the radial direction. Thevalve member 26 b is connected to a pneumatically operatingportion 26 e, and thevalve member 26 b is rotated by air introduced into the pneumatically operatingportion 26 e in the direction of the arrow. When thevalve member 26 b is driven to one position, thepassages discharge valve 26 is opened. When thevalve member 26 b is driven to the other position, thepassages valve member 26 b shuts off thepassage 26 c, and thedischarge valve 26 is closed. - Each member is made of a material which is hard to pollute. For example, the
syringe 12 is made of stainless steel, and theliquid material tank 16 is made of PE resin. Thepipe 18 is made of a tube of Teflon (registered trade mark). Thefilter 38 is made of Teflon or stainless steel. The inside of thesupply valve 40 is made of Teflon, and thedischarge valve 26 is made of a material in which a Teflon coating is provided on a surface of stainless steel. - For example, the
liquid material tank 16 is composed of a PE barrel (manufactured by Musashi Engineering), thefilter 38 is composed of a pipe insertion filter (manufactured by Nippon Pole) or Furororin-s (manufactured by Nippon Miripoa), thesupply valve 40 is composed of a diaphragm valve (manufactured by Musashi Engineering), and thedischarge valve 26 is composed of a plug valve (manufactured by NUPRO). - A
control unit 42 controls thepulse motor 22 and thegas supply device 32. Further, thecontrol unit 42 controls thesupply valve 40 and thedischarge valve 26. In this connection, a movement of theplunger 14 can be controlled by an SMPII (manufactured by Musashi Engineering). - FIG. 4 is a view showing the dispenser in the case in which the
liquid material 28 is supplied from theliquid material tank 16 to thesyringe 12. FIG. 5 is a view showing the dispenser in the case in which theliquid material 28 is discharged from thenozzle 20 of thesyringe 12. - In FIG. 4, when the
liquid material 28 is supplied from theliquid material tank 16 into thesyringe 12, the liquidmaterial discharge valve 26 arranged in thesyringe 12 is first closed and, subsequently, the liquidmaterial supply valve 40 arranged in thepipe 18 connecting thesyringe 12 with theliquid material tank 16 is opened and theplunger 14 is retracted in thesyringe 12. When theplunger 14 is retracted, theliquid material 28 is sucked into thesyringe 12. At this time, the pressured gas on thelevel 28 a of the liquid material in theliquid material tank 16 provides pressure to theliquid material 28, so theliquid material 28 can be more stably sucked into thesyringe 12. - In FIG. 5, when the
liquid material 28 is discharged from thenozzle 20 of thesyringe 12, the liquidmaterial supply valve 40 arranged in thepipe 18 connecting thesyringe 12 with theliquid material tank 16 is first closed, and subsequently, the liquidmaterial discharge valve 26 arranged in thesyringe 12 is opened and theplunger 14 arranged in thesyringe 12 is advanced. - In FIGS. 4 and 5, the position of the lower end of the
plunger 14 is slightly above the position of the connecting portion between thesyringe 12 and thepipe 18. The upper end position and the lower end position of theplunger 14 are substantially constant, and theplunger 14 can repeat the operation of supplying and discharging the liquid material in a substantially constant stroke. Accordingly, the liquid material can be more stably supplied and discharged. When supplying the liquid material, no bubbles are sucked into thesyringe 12 from thenozzle 20 or theliquid material tank 16 side. When discharging the liquid material, no bubbles are added to thesyringe 12 from theliquid material tank 16 side. - In this way, the supply of the liquid material is carried out in such a state that the
level 28 a of theliquid material 28 in theliquid material tank 16 is arranged higher than thesyringe 12 and the pressure is applied in theliquid material tank 16, so theliquid material 28 can be smoothly moved from theliquid material tank 16 into thesyringe 12 and the liquid material can be stably supplied. - In the case where the type of the
liquid material 28 is changed or the flow rate of the liquid material is changed by a pressure loss caused in the flow from theliquid material tank 16 to thesyringe 12 through thepipe 18, the normally optimum liquid material supply can be realized, by variably controlling the pressure and the moving speed of the plunger. - In the case of supplying the liquid material, the liquid
material discharge valve 26 is closed and then the liquidmaterial supply valve 40 is opened, so that theliquid material 28 can be supplied from theliquid material tank 16 into thesyringe 12. In the case of discharging the liquid material, the liquidmaterial supply valve 40 is closed and then the liquidmaterial discharge valve 26 is opened, so that theliquid material 28 can be discharged from thesyringe 28. Due to the above supplying and discharging motion, no bubbles are mixed into the liquid material passage, and the liquid material can be stably supplied and discharged. - When the
filter 38 is arranged between theliquid material tank 16 and the liquidmaterial supply valve 40, it is possible to prevent theliquid material 28 from being polluted, without affecting the accuracy of discharging the liquid material. - By providing the
leak hole 36 in theliquid material tank 16, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of pollution caused when theliquid material 28 absorbs moisture. - FIG. 6 is a view showing a liquid crystal display device. The liquid
crystal display device 50 includes a pair ofsubstrates liquid crystal 56 inserted between the pair ofsubstrates Reference numeral 58 is an annular seal. - FIG. 7 is a view showing a dripping injection process. A
substrate 60 shown in FIG. 7 is a mother glass in which a plurality of substrates are incorporated. Four substrates 52 (or 54), each corresponding to one of substrates shown in FIG. 6, are formed. Theliquid material 56 is dripped from the liquidmaterial discharge dispenser 10, shown in FIG. 1, into the region surrounded by theannular seal 58 on thesubstrate 52. In this case, theliquid crystal 56 corresponds to theliquid material 28 shown in FIG. 1. While moving in the directions X and Y, thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material drips theliquid crystal 56 into the region surrounded by theannular seal 18. The sealing agent composing theannular seal 58 is made of UV curable resin or an adhesive resin curable by both UV and heat. Such a sealing agent is coated on thesubstrate 60 and cured in the later process. On the other substrate, adhesive spacers, which are spacers coated with adhesive, are applied. It is possible to omit the spacer spraying process, by providing polar supports instead of the spacers. - One liquid
crystal display device 50 contains 250 mg of liquid crystal, for example. Theliquid crystal 56 is dripped at 50 points in the region surrounded by oneannular seal 58. Accordingly, a quantity of the liquid crystal per one droplet is 5 mg. Thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material discharges the liquid crystal of 5 mg at one point. Then, thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material moves to the next point and discharges the liquid crystal of 5 mg at the point. This motion is repeated by 50 times. Thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material of the present invention can stably discharge such a small quantity of liquid crystal. - The
syringe 12 can accommodate 1 to 1.5 g of liquid crystal, for example. Thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material is used in the following manner. After thedispenser 10 for discharging the liquid material discharges theliquid crystal 50 times in the region surrounded by oneannular seal 58, it discharges theliquid crystal 50 times in the region surrounded by the nextannular seal 58. However, an operation where thedispenser 10 discharges theliquid crystal 50 times in the region surrounded by oneannular seal 58, and successively discharges theliquid crystal 50 times in the region surrounded by the nextannular seal 58, is not effected. That is, thedispenser 10 discharges theliquid crystal 50 times in the region surrounded by oneannular seal 58, and thereafter, the liquid crystal is supplied into thesyringe 12. That is, the liquidmaterial discharge valve 26 is closed, and then the liquidmaterial supply valve 40 is opened and theplunger 14 is retracted, so that the liquid crystal is supplied into thesyringe 12 while pressure is being given to theliquid material 28. In this way, theliquid material 28 is supplied from theliquid material tank 16 into thesyringe 12. Then, thedispenser 10 discharges theliquid material 50 times in the region surrounded by the nextannular seal 58. In the supplying and discharging processes, theplunger 14 moves in the substantially same range in the syringe. Therefore, fluctuation of the quantity of the liquid crystal for each liquid crystal display device is small. - In this way, according to the dripping injection method used for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal can be highly accurately dripped. In the dripping injection method of dripping the liquid crystal, problems of abnormal cell thickness and mixing of bubbles (vacuum layer) in the liquid crystal, which are caused by an increase and decrease in the quantity of the liquid crystal, can be solved. Further, problems of local abnormal cell thickness, which are caused by foreign objects mixed into the liquid crystal, can be solved. Furthermore, the liquid crystal is not polluted by moisture. Therefore, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with a good display quality.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing the relationship between the pressure applied in the liquid material tank and the quantity of liquid material. Line A shows a case in which the
plunger 14 is moved by a predetermined distance in 127 seconds, line B shows a case in which theplunger 14 is moved by a predetermined distance in 42 seconds, and line C shows a case in which theplunger 14 is moved by a predetermined distance in 25 seconds. As shown by line A, the lower the moving speed of the plunger is, the larger the quantity of supplying the liquid material is increased. The higher the gas pressure is increased, the larger the quantity of supplying the liquid material is increased. - FIG. 9 is a view showing a plunger moving time necessary for moving a predetermined quantity of the liquid material under a predetermined pressure of gas. In the figure, the set value is a setting value of the controller, which is related to the speed of the plunger. In this case, the
filter 38 is a filter (with a hole diameter of 0.2 μm) manufactured by Nippon Miripoa. The lower the moving speed of theplunger 14, the longer the moving time of the plunger necessary for moving a predetermined quantity of the liquid material. - FIG. 10 is a view showing the relationship between the number of times of discharging the liquid material and the deviation of the discharge. The square points and the lozenge-shaped points in the figure are measurement results under different conditions such as a type of the filter, a pressure given in the tank and a rising speed of the plunger. The square points show that when the number of processing times is increased to a certain value, the deviation of discharge is increased, that is, the square points show a case which is obtained in an unstable condition. The lozenge-points show that even when the number of processing times is increased, the deviation of the discharge is small, that is, the lozenge-points show a case which is obtained in a stable condition.
- As shown in FIGS.8 to 10, when the liquid material is supplied, regarding the supply of the liquid material, it is difficult to set the optimum liquid material supply condition only by the plunger moving speed or only by the pressure given by a gas, and therefore, it is preferable that the plunger moving speed and the pressure given by a gas are controlled in combination while changing them. It is also preferable that the pressure given by a gas and the plunger moving speed can be variably controlled.
- The dispenser for discharging a liquid material of the present invention can be applied not only to the dispenser which is used for the drip injection method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, but also to the dispenser used for the other purposes.
- As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a stable supply and discharge of liquid material, and it is possible to prevent a liquid material from being polluted, so that the occurrence of problems caused by the polluted liquid material can be prevented. Therefore, it becomes possible to establish a stable process.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003078331A JP2004283714A (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2003-03-20 | Liquid delivery dispenser |
JP2003-78331(PAT.AP | 2003-03-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20040182887A1 true US20040182887A1 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
US7216782B2 US7216782B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/803,241 Expired - Fee Related US7216782B2 (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-03-18 | Dispenser for discharging liquid material |
Country Status (4)
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US (1) | US7216782B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004283714A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100802234B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI254826B (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7216782B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
JP2004283714A (en) | 2004-10-14 |
TWI254826B (en) | 2006-05-11 |
KR100802234B1 (en) | 2008-02-11 |
TW200424706A (en) | 2004-11-16 |
KR20040082982A (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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