US20040156007A1 - Substrate for liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display having the same - Google Patents
Substrate for liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display having the same Download PDFInfo
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- US20040156007A1 US20040156007A1 US10/737,182 US73718203A US2004156007A1 US 20040156007 A1 US20040156007 A1 US 20040156007A1 US 73718203 A US73718203 A US 73718203A US 2004156007 A1 US2004156007 A1 US 2004156007A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- substrate
- cell gap
- sealing material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136227—Through-hole connection of the pixel electrode to the active element through an insulation layer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an electronic apparatus and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display having a relatively small cell gap and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same.
- a liquid crystal display has two substrates which are combined together with a sealing material applied to peripheral portions thereof and a liquid crystal sealed between the two substrates.
- a liquid crystal display also has spherical spacers or pillar spacers for maintaining a predetermined cell gap.
- Spherical spacers are constituted by plastic beads that are substantially equal in diameter. Spherical spacers are distributed in a panel by spraying them on one of two substrates using a wet spray method or a dry spray method prior to a combining step at which the substrates are combined. On the contrary, pillar spacers are made of a photosensitive resin and are formed using a photolithographic process in arbitrary positions on one of substrates with an arbitrary distribution density.
- a sealing material is plotted and formed using a dispenser.
- a known method for achieving reliable sealing is a technique in which a planarizing film made of an acrylic resin is removed in a part of the region where the sealing material is formed (see Patent Document 1, for example).
- a known method of providing a relatively small cell gap is a technique in which a stripe pattern of a thermally fused material is formed on each of opposite surfaces of two substrates and in which the two substrates are combined such that the stripe patterns form a grid (see Patent Document 2, for example).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2001-337334
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-S57-70521
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-H4-320473
- the cell gap of a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal must be as small as about 1.0 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of a sealing material ejected from a dispenser must be small.
- the sealing material cannot be uniformly applied to the peripheral portions of the substrates, which can result in leakage of the liquid crystal attributable to breakage of the seal. A problem therefore arises in that the yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is reduced.
- a substrate for a liquid crystal display characterized in that it has a sealing material forming region provided in a peripheral portion of the base substrate and a cell gap control layer formed inside the sealing material forming region and controlling a cell gap between the base substrate and an opposite substrate provided opposite to the base substrate.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display in a mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of a TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display panel of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display panel of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken in a process showing a method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken in a process showing the method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken in a process showing the method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 1 in the mode for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 2 in the mode for carrying out the invention.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 3 in the mode for carrying out the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 4 in the mode for carrying out the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention.
- the liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal display panel provided by combining a TFT substrate (base substrate) 2 having thin film transistors (TFTs) and pixel electrodes formed thereon and an opposite substrate 4 having a common electrode formed thereon in a face-to-face relationship and sealing a liquid crystal between them.
- TFT substrate base substrate
- TFTs thin film transistors
- pixel electrodes formed thereon
- opposite substrate 4 having a common electrode formed thereon in a face-to-face relationship and sealing a liquid crystal between them.
- FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of elements formed on the TFT substrate 2 of the liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention.
- a plurality of gate bus lines 12 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure are formed on the TFT substrate 2 in parallel with each other.
- a plurality of drain bus lines 14 extending in the vertical direction in the figure are formed in parallel with each other such that they intersect the gate bus lines 12 with an insulation film 30 (not shown in FIG. 2) interposed therebetween.
- each of regions surrounded by the plurality of gate bus lines 12 and drain bus lines 14 constitutes a pixel region.
- a TFT 20 to serve as a switching element and a pixel electrode 16 made of, for example, a transparent electrode material are formed in each pixel region.
- a drain electrode of each TFT 20 is connected to an adjacent drain bus line 14 ; a gate electrode of the same is connected to an adjacent gate bus line 12 ; and a source electrode of the same is connected to the pixel electrode 16 .
- a storage capacity bus line 18 extending in parallel with the gate bus lines 12 is formed substantially in the middle of each pixel region.
- the TFTs 20 and the bus lines 12 , 14 and 18 are formed at a photolithographic step, and they are formed through repetition of a series of semiconductor processes, i.e., film formation followed by resist application, exposure, development, etching and resist peeling.
- a gate bus line driving circuit 80 loaded with driver ICs for driving the plurality of gate bus lines 12 and a drain bus line driving circuit 82 loaded with driver ICs for driving the plurality of drain bus lines 14 .
- the driving circuits 80 and 82 output scan signals and data signals to predetermined gate bus lines 12 and drain bus lines 14 based on predetermined signals output by a control circuit 84 .
- a polarizer 87 is applied to a surface of the TFT substrate 2 that is opposite to the surface on which the elements are formed, and a backlight unit 88 is provided on the surface of the polarizer 87 opposite to the TFT substrate 2 .
- a polarizer 86 is applied to a surface of the opposite substrate 4 that is opposite to the surface on which the common electrode is formed.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the liquid crystal display panel in the present mode for carrying out the invention as viewed from the side of the opposite substrate.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display panel taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3 that extends along the gate bus lines 12 .
- the TFT substrate 2 has the gate bus lines 12 which are formed on a glass substrate 10 .
- the insulation film (gate insulation film) 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 .
- the drain bus lines 14 are formed on the insulation film 30 .
- a protective film (final protective film) 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 .
- the opposite substrate 4 has a common electrode 36 in the display area on a glass substrate 11 .
- no color filter (CF) is formed.
- CF layers in red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are formed under the common electrode 36 in the form of stripes extending along the drain bus lines 14 on the TFT substrate 2 , for example.
- a cell gap control layer 42 may be formed on the opposite substrate 4 under the common electrode 36 .
- the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 are combined with the sealing material 40 that is written in peripheral portions of the same.
- the width of the sealing material 40 is about 1 mm.
- a liquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 .
- the surface of the TFT substrate 2 is exposed in the vicinity of two sides thereof adjacent to each other when viewed from the side of the opposite substrate 4 .
- a plurality of TCPs (tape carrier packages) loaded with driver ICs for driving the gate bus lines 12 are mounted in an exposed region of the TFT substrate 2 that is located on the left-hand side thereof in FIG. 3.
- a plurality of TCPs loaded with driver ICs for driving the drain bus lines 14 are mounted in an exposed region of the TFT substrate 2 that is located at the bottom thereof in FIG. 3.
- An interval d 2 between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 in the region where the sealing material 40 is formed is in the range from about 3.5 ⁇ m to about 5.0 ⁇ m (e.g., 4.0 ⁇ m), the interval being similar to those in common liquid crystal displays.
- a cell gap d 1 in the display area where the cell gap control layer 42 is formed is smaller than the interval d 2 (e.g., 1.4 ⁇ m).
- the cell gap d 1 is maintained by spacers such as spherical spacers or pillar spacers (not shown in FIG. 4). In the present mode for carrying out the invention, the cell gap d 1 is smaller than the thickness of the cell gap control layer 42 .
- the cell gap control layer 42 is formed in the display area that is located inside the region where the sealing material 40 is formed.
- the interval d 2 between the substrates 2 and 4 can be relatively great in the region where the sealing material 40 is formed, and the cell gap d 1 in the display area can be relatively small. Therefore, a thin picture-frame can be provided even on a liquid crystal display having a small cell gap d 1 because the spreading width of the sealing material can be kept small when the two substrates are combined. Further, there is no need for reducing the amount of the sealing material 40 ejected from a dispenser, which eliminates leakage of the liquid crystal 6 attributable to breakage of the seal. The yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is thus improved.
- FIG. 5 to 7 are sectional views taken in processes showing a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate of a liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4.
- a metal layer is formed on an entire top surface of a glass substrate 10 and patterned to form gate bus lines (gate electrodes) 12 .
- gate bus lines gate electrodes
- storage capacity bus lines 18 are formed.
- films of silicon nitride (SiN), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and SiN are then continuously formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 to provide an insulation film 30 , an a-Si layer and a SiN film.
- the SiN film is then patterned to form a channel protection film (not shown) on a self-alignment basis.
- n + a-Si layer and a metal layer are then formed throughout the substrate over the channel protection film and patterned to form drain bus lines 14 .
- drain electrodes and source electrodes both of which are not shown
- TFTs 20 are thus formed.
- a film of SiN is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 to form a protective film 34 .
- the protective film 34 is then patterned to form contact holes (not shown) above the source electrodes.
- an acrylic photosensitive resin is then applied throughout the substrate over the protective film 34 to form a photosensitive resin layer 42 ′.
- an ITO film is formed and patterned on the cell gap control layer 42 to form a pixel electrode 16 in each pixel region as shown in FIG. 7.
- a TFT substrate 2 is completed through the above-described steps. Thereafter, the sealing material is applied to and formed in a peripheral portion of either of an opposite substrate 4 which has been formed through other steps and the TFT substrate 2 to combine the substrates 2 and 4 .
- a liquid crystal having ferroelectric properties is then sealed between the substrates 2 and 4 to complete a liquid crystal display as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the cell gap control layer 42 is formed of a photosensitive resin, a liquid crystal display as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be easily manufactured.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4.
- gate bus lines 12 are formed on a glass substrate 10 that constitutes a TFT substrate 2 .
- An insulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 .
- Drain bus lines 14 are formed on the insulation film 30 .
- a protective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 .
- a pixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region.
- An opposite substrate 4 has a common electrode 36 in a display area on a glass substrate 11 .
- the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealing material 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof.
- the width of the sealing material 40 is about 1 mm.
- a liquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 .
- the liquid crystal display has spherical spacers 46 for maintaining a cell gap.
- the cell gap is determined by the particle diameter of the spherical spacers 46 (which is 1.4 ⁇ m, for example).
- spherical spacers 46 made of a resin are used in a TN mode liquid crystal display.
- spherical spacers 46 made of silica which has high hardness and allows highly accurate control of the particle diameter are used.
- the cell gap control layer 42 is formed in the display area that is located inside the region where the sealing material 40 is formed.
- the interval between the substrates 2 and 4 can be relatively great in the region where the sealing material 40 is formed, and the cell gap in the display area can be relatively small. Since the spreading width of the sealing material can therefore be made small when the two substrates are combined even in a liquid crystal display having a small cell gap, a thin picture-frame can be provided. Further, there is no need for reducing the amount of the sealing material 40 ejected from a dispenser, which eliminates leakage of the liquid crystal 6 attributable to breakage of the seal. The yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is thus improved.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4.
- gate bus lines 12 are formed on a glass substrate 10 that constitutes a TFT substrate 2 .
- An insulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 .
- Drain bus lines 14 are formed on the insulation film 30 .
- a protective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 .
- a pixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region.
- An opposite substrate 4 has a common electrode 36 in a display area on a glass substrate 11 .
- the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealing material 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof.
- the width of the sealing material 40 is about 1 mm.
- a liquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 .
- the liquid crystal display has pillar spacers 44 for maintaining a cell gap.
- the cell gap is determined by the height of the pillar spacers 44 (which is 1.4 ⁇ m, for example).
- the pillar spacers 44 are made of an acrylic or novolac resin and are patterned using a photolithographic process. Unlike the spherical spacers 46 , the pillar spacers 44 are characterized in that they may be formed in any position such as intersections between the bus lines 12 and 14 and the entire area over the gate bus lines 12 with any shape and distribution density.
- the present embodiment provides the same advantages as those of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4.
- gate bus lines 12 are formed on a glass substrate 10 that constitutes a TFT substrate 2 .
- An insulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 .
- Drain bus lines 14 are formed on the insulation film 30 .
- a protective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 .
- a pixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region.
- An opposite substrate 4 has a common electrode 36 in a display area on a glass substrate 11 .
- the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealing material 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof.
- the width of the sealing material 40 is about 1 mm.
- a liquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 .
- the liquid crystal display has spherical spacers 46 for maintaining a cell gap and an adhesive 48 for firmly securing the substrates 2 and 4 to each other.
- the adhesive 48 is an epoxy type thermoset resin and is in the form of particles having a particle diameter in the range from about 2 ⁇ m to about 6 ⁇ m before it is set.
- the adhesive 48 is spread on either of the substrates 2 and 4 concurrently with or separately from the dispersion of the spherical spacers 46 . Thereafter, the substrates 2 and 4 are combined and heated to a temperature of about 200° C. with a pressure applied thereto. The adhesive 48 is thus set with a predetermined cell gap maintained.
- the present embodiment provides the same advantages as those of Embodiment 1 and further reduces the possibility of fluctuations of a cell gap, which makes it possible to prevent display abnormalities of a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4.
- gate bus lines 12 are formed on a glass substrate 10 that constitutes a TFT substrate 2 .
- An insulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12 .
- Drain bus lines 14 are formed on the insulation film 30 .
- a protective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14 .
- a pixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region.
- An opposite substrate 4 has a common electrode 36 in a display area on a glass substrate 11 .
- the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealing material 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof.
- the width of the sealing material 40 is about 1 mm.
- a liquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between the TFT substrate 2 and the opposite substrate 4 .
- the liquid crystal display has pillar spacers 44 for maintaining a cell gap and an adhesive 48 for firmly securing the substrates 2 and 4 to each other.
- the adhesive 48 is an epoxy type thermoset resin and is in the form of particles having a particle diameter in the range from about 2 ⁇ m to about 6 ⁇ m before it is set.
- the adhesive 48 is spread on either of the substrates 2 and 4 prior to a combining step. Thereafter, the substrates 2 and 4 are combined and heated to a temperature of about 200° C. with a pressure applied thereto.
- the adhesive 48 is thus set with a predetermined cell gap maintained.
- the present embodiment provides the same advantages as those of Embodiment 3.
- a manufacturing method substantially similar to those in the related art can be used for a liquid crystal display having an extremely small cell gap.
- a liquid crystal display that is rigid against external pressures can be provided without any adverse effect on display quality even when a liquid crystal material such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal that is quite sensitive to external pressures is used.
- liquid crystal displays utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to other liquid crystal displays such as TN mode displays utilizing a nematic liquid crystal.
- transmissive liquid crystal displays have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to other liquid crystal displays such as reflective and transflective displays.
- active matrix liquid crystal displays have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to passive matrix liquid crystal displays.
- the invention makes it possible to provide a liquid crystal display which is manufactured with improved yield and which can achieve high display quality.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display used in a display section of an electronic apparatus and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same and, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display having a relatively small cell gap and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- A liquid crystal display has two substrates which are combined together with a sealing material applied to peripheral portions thereof and a liquid crystal sealed between the two substrates. A liquid crystal display also has spherical spacers or pillar spacers for maintaining a predetermined cell gap.
- Spherical spacers are constituted by plastic beads that are substantially equal in diameter. Spherical spacers are distributed in a panel by spraying them on one of two substrates using a wet spray method or a dry spray method prior to a combining step at which the substrates are combined. On the contrary, pillar spacers are made of a photosensitive resin and are formed using a photolithographic process in arbitrary positions on one of substrates with an arbitrary distribution density.
- A sealing material is plotted and formed using a dispenser. A known method for achieving reliable sealing is a technique in which a planarizing film made of an acrylic resin is removed in a part of the region where the sealing material is formed (see
Patent Document 1, for example). - Further, a known method of providing a relatively small cell gap is a technique in which a stripe pattern of a thermally fused material is formed on each of opposite surfaces of two substrates and in which the two substrates are combined such that the stripe patterns form a grid (see
Patent Document 2, for example). - Patent Document 1: JP-A-2001-337334
- Patent Document 2: JP-A-S57-70521
- Patent Document 3: JP-A-H4-320473
- For example, the cell gap of a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal must be as small as about 1.0 to 1.5 μm. In the configurations disclosed in JP-A-2001-337334 and JP-A-S57-70521, it is difficult to reduce the width of the picture-frame of a liquid crystal display when the cell gap is small because the sealing material spreads with a great width when the two substrates are combined. In order to reduce the width of the picture-frame of a liquid crystal display having a small cell gap, the amount of a sealing material ejected from a dispenser must be small. However, when the amount of the sealing material ejected is too small, it is difficult to control the amount of the material ejected from the dispenser. Thus, the sealing material cannot be uniformly applied to the peripheral portions of the substrates, which can result in leakage of the liquid crystal attributable to breakage of the seal. A problem therefore arises in that the yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is reduced.
- In the case of a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal, irregularities in the alignment of the liquid crystal attributable to disturbances are fatal, and display abnormalities resulting from the alignment irregularities cannot be recovered without taking some measures. For example, when the cell gap fluctuates because of a pressure exerted on the display screen from the outside, the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed, and a problem arises in that there will be visually perceptible display abnormalities (display irregularities) that cannot be recovered without taking some measures.
- Especially, when spherical spacers are used, it is difficult to disperse the spherical spacers throughout a substrate uniformly. In the case of a liquid crystal display in which spherical spacers are not uniformly distributed in the panel, the cell gap is apt to fluctuate when a pressure is applied to the substrate surface from the outside.
- Further, in an environment at a relatively low temperature (in the range from about −20° C. to about −10° C.), bubbles are generated in the panel because a change in the internal volume of the panel is smaller than a change in the volume of the liquid crystal attributable to contraction. Since the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed by the bubbles thus generated, a problem arises in the liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal in that there will be visually perceptible display abnormalities that cannot be recovered without taking some measures.
- It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display and a substrate for a liquid crystal display used in the same which are manufactured with improved yield and which allows high display quality.
- The above-described object is achieved by a substrate for a liquid crystal display, characterized in that it has a sealing material forming region provided in a peripheral portion of the base substrate and a cell gap control layer formed inside the sealing material forming region and controlling a cell gap between the base substrate and an opposite substrate provided opposite to the base substrate.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a liquid crystal display in a mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of a TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a liquid crystal display panel of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display panel of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken in a process showing a method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken in a process showing the method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken in a process showing the method of manufacturing the TFT substrate of the liquid crystal display in the mode for carrying out the invention;
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 1 in the mode for carrying out the invention; - FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 2 in the mode for carrying out the invention; - FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 3 in the mode for carrying out the invention; and
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of a liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 4 in the mode for carrying out the invention. - A description will now be made with reference to FIGS.1 to 11 on a substrate for a liquid crystal display and a liquid crystal display having the same in a mode for carrying out the invention. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of the liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal display panel provided by combining a TFT substrate (base substrate) 2 having thin film transistors (TFTs) and pixel electrodes formed thereon and an
opposite substrate 4 having a common electrode formed thereon in a face-to-face relationship and sealing a liquid crystal between them. - FIG. 2 shows an equivalent circuit of elements formed on the
TFT substrate 2 of the liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention. A plurality ofgate bus lines 12 extending in the horizontal direction in the figure are formed on theTFT substrate 2 in parallel with each other. A plurality ofdrain bus lines 14 extending in the vertical direction in the figure are formed in parallel with each other such that they intersect thegate bus lines 12 with an insulation film 30 (not shown in FIG. 2) interposed therebetween. For example, each of regions surrounded by the plurality ofgate bus lines 12 anddrain bus lines 14 constitutes a pixel region. A TFT 20 to serve as a switching element and apixel electrode 16 made of, for example, a transparent electrode material are formed in each pixel region. A drain electrode of eachTFT 20 is connected to an adjacentdrain bus line 14; a gate electrode of the same is connected to an adjacentgate bus line 12; and a source electrode of the same is connected to thepixel electrode 16. A storagecapacity bus line 18 extending in parallel with thegate bus lines 12 is formed substantially in the middle of each pixel region. TheTFTs 20 and thebus lines - Referring again to FIG. 1, on the
TFT substrate 2 is provided with a gate busline driving circuit 80 loaded with driver ICs for driving the plurality ofgate bus lines 12 and a drain busline driving circuit 82 loaded with driver ICs for driving the plurality ofdrain bus lines 14. Thedriving circuits gate bus lines 12 anddrain bus lines 14 based on predetermined signals output by acontrol circuit 84. Apolarizer 87 is applied to a surface of theTFT substrate 2 that is opposite to the surface on which the elements are formed, and abacklight unit 88 is provided on the surface of thepolarizer 87 opposite to theTFT substrate 2. On the contrary, apolarizer 86 is applied to a surface of theopposite substrate 4 that is opposite to the surface on which the common electrode is formed. - FIG. 3 shows a configuration of the liquid crystal display panel in the present mode for carrying out the invention as viewed from the side of the opposite substrate. FIG. 4 shows a sectional configuration of the liquid crystal display panel taken along the line A-A in FIG. 3 that extends along the
gate bus lines 12. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, theTFT substrate 2 has thegate bus lines 12 which are formed on aglass substrate 10. The insulation film (gate insulation film) 30 is formed throughout the substrate over thegate bus lines 12. Thedrain bus lines 14 are formed on theinsulation film 30. A protective film (final protective film) 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14. A cellgap control layer 42 constituted by an acrylic photosensitive resin having a thickness in the range from about 1 μm to about 3 μm (e.g., 2.6 μm) is formed in a display area that is located on theprotective film 34 and inside a region in which a sealingmaterial 40 is formed (a sealing material forming region). Apixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO (indium tin oxide) is formed on the cellgap control layer 42 in each pixel region. - The
opposite substrate 4 has acommon electrode 36 in the display area on aglass substrate 11. In the present mode for carrying out the invention, since a liquid crystal display that performs color display according to the field sequential method is being described as an example, no color filter (CF) is formed. In the case of a liquid crystal display that performs color display according to the CF method, CF layers in red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are formed under thecommon electrode 36 in the form of stripes extending along thedrain bus lines 14 on theTFT substrate 2, for example. A cellgap control layer 42 may be formed on theopposite substrate 4 under thecommon electrode 36. - The
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 are combined with the sealingmaterial 40 that is written in peripheral portions of the same. For example, the width of the sealingmaterial 40 is about 1 mm. For example, aliquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between theTFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4. The surface of theTFT substrate 2 is exposed in the vicinity of two sides thereof adjacent to each other when viewed from the side of theopposite substrate 4. A plurality of TCPs (tape carrier packages) loaded with driver ICs for driving thegate bus lines 12 are mounted in an exposed region of theTFT substrate 2 that is located on the left-hand side thereof in FIG. 3. A plurality of TCPs loaded with driver ICs for driving thedrain bus lines 14 are mounted in an exposed region of theTFT substrate 2 that is located at the bottom thereof in FIG. 3. - An interval d2 between the
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 in the region where the sealingmaterial 40 is formed is in the range from about 3.5 μm to about 5.0 μm (e.g., 4.0 μm), the interval being similar to those in common liquid crystal displays. A cell gap d1 in the display area where the cellgap control layer 42 is formed is smaller than the interval d2 (e.g., 1.4 μm). The cell gap d1 is maintained by spacers such as spherical spacers or pillar spacers (not shown in FIG. 4). In the present mode for carrying out the invention, the cell gap d1 is smaller than the thickness of the cellgap control layer 42. - In the present mode for carrying out the invention, the cell
gap control layer 42 is formed in the display area that is located inside the region where the sealingmaterial 40 is formed. As a result, the interval d2 between thesubstrates material 40 is formed, and the cell gap d1 in the display area can be relatively small. Therefore, a thin picture-frame can be provided even on a liquid crystal display having a small cell gap d1 because the spreading width of the sealing material can be kept small when the two substrates are combined. Further, there is no need for reducing the amount of the sealingmaterial 40 ejected from a dispenser, which eliminates leakage of theliquid crystal 6 attributable to breakage of the seal. The yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is thus improved. - Even when the
liquid crystal 6 contracts in an environment at a relatively low temperature (in the range from about −20° C. to about −10° C.), the cellgap control layer 42 formed of a resin having relatively low hardness is deformed. As a result, the internal volume of the panel changes in accordance with the change in the volume of the liquid crystal to prevent generation of bubbles in the panel. Thus, even in a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal, display abnormalities attributable to alignment defects of theliquid crystal 6 can be prevented. It is therefore possible to provide a liquid crystal display that can achieve high display quality. - A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to FIGS.5 to 7. FIG. 5 to 7 are sectional views taken in processes showing a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate of a liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4. First, as shown in FIG. 5, a metal layer is formed on an entire top surface of a
glass substrate 10 and patterned to form gate bus lines (gate electrodes) 12. At the same time, storage capacity bus lines 18 (not shown in FIG. 5) are formed. - For example, films of silicon nitride (SiN), amorphous silicon (a-Si) and SiN are then continuously formed throughout the substrate over the
gate bus lines 12 to provide aninsulation film 30, an a-Si layer and a SiN film. The SiN film is then patterned to form a channel protection film (not shown) on a self-alignment basis. - For example, an n+a-Si layer and a metal layer are then formed throughout the substrate over the channel protection film and patterned to form drain bus lines 14. At the same time, drain electrodes and source electrodes (both of which are not shown) of
TFTs 20 are formed.TFTs 20 are thus formed. Then, for example, a film of SiN is formed throughout the substrate over thedrain bus lines 14 to form aprotective film 34. Theprotective film 34 is then patterned to form contact holes (not shown) above the source electrodes. For example, an acrylic photosensitive resin is then applied throughout the substrate over theprotective film 34 to form aphotosensitive resin layer 42′. - Next, as shown in FIG. 6, exposure and development is performed using a predetermined photo-mask to remove the
photosensitive resin layer 42′ from a region where a sealingmaterial 40 is to be formed and from regions outside the same. Thus, a cellgap control layer 42 is formed in a display area that is located inside the region where the sealingmaterial 40 is formed. - Next, for example, an ITO film is formed and patterned on the cell
gap control layer 42 to form apixel electrode 16 in each pixel region as shown in FIG. 7. ATFT substrate 2 is completed through the above-described steps. Thereafter, the sealing material is applied to and formed in a peripheral portion of either of anopposite substrate 4 which has been formed through other steps and theTFT substrate 2 to combine thesubstrates substrates - In the present mode for carrying out the invention, since the cell
gap control layer 42 is formed of a photosensitive resin, a liquid crystal display as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be easily manufactured. - Specific configurations of a liquid crystal display in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to
Embodiments 1 to 4. - (Embodiment 1)
- A liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 1 in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 8,gate bus lines 12 are formed on aglass substrate 10 that constitutes aTFT substrate 2. Aninsulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12.Drain bus lines 14 are formed on theinsulation film 30. Aprotective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14. A cellgap control layer 42 constituted by an acrylic photosensitive resin having a thickness of, for example, 2.6 μm is formed in a display area that is located on theprotective film 34 and inside a region where a sealingmaterial 40 is to be formed. On the cellgap control layer 42, apixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region. Anopposite substrate 4 has acommon electrode 36 in a display area on aglass substrate 11. - The
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealingmaterial 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof. For example, the width of the sealingmaterial 40 is about 1 mm. For example, aliquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between theTFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4. - The liquid crystal display has
spherical spacers 46 for maintaining a cell gap. The cell gap is determined by the particle diameter of the spherical spacers 46 (which is 1.4 μm, for example). In general,spherical spacers 46 made of a resin are used in a TN mode liquid crystal display. In a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal,spherical spacers 46 made of silica which has high hardness and allows highly accurate control of the particle diameter are used. - In the present embodiment, the cell
gap control layer 42 is formed in the display area that is located inside the region where the sealingmaterial 40 is formed. As a result, the interval between thesubstrates material 40 is formed, and the cell gap in the display area can be relatively small. Since the spreading width of the sealing material can therefore be made small when the two substrates are combined even in a liquid crystal display having a small cell gap, a thin picture-frame can be provided. Further, there is no need for reducing the amount of the sealingmaterial 40 ejected from a dispenser, which eliminates leakage of theliquid crystal 6 attributable to breakage of the seal. The yield of manufacture of liquid crystal displays is thus improved. - Even when the
liquid crystal 6 contracts in an environment at a relatively low temperature, the cellgap control layer 42 that is formed of a resin having relatively low hardness is deformed. As a result, the internal volume of the panel changes in accordance with the change in the volume of the liquid crystal to prevent generation of bubbles in the panel. Thus, even in a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal, display abnormalities attributable to alignment defects of theliquid crystal 6 can be prevented. It is therefore possible to provide a liquid crystal display that can achieve high display quality. - (Embodiment 2)
- A liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 2 in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 9,gate bus lines 12 are formed on aglass substrate 10 that constitutes aTFT substrate 2. Aninsulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12.Drain bus lines 14 are formed on theinsulation film 30. Aprotective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14. A cellgap control layer 42 constituted by an acrylic photosensitive resin having a thickness of, for example, 2.6 μm is formed in a display area that is located on theprotective film 34 and inside a region where a sealingmaterial 40 is to be formed. On the cellgap control layer 42, apixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region. Anopposite substrate 4 has acommon electrode 36 in a display area on aglass substrate 11. - The
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealingmaterial 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof. For example, the width of the sealingmaterial 40 is about 1 mm. For example, aliquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between theTFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4. - The liquid crystal display has
pillar spacers 44 for maintaining a cell gap. The cell gap is determined by the height of the pillar spacers 44 (which is 1.4 μm, for example). The pillar spacers 44 are made of an acrylic or novolac resin and are patterned using a photolithographic process. Unlike thespherical spacers 46, the pillar spacers 44 are characterized in that they may be formed in any position such as intersections between thebus lines gate bus lines 12 with any shape and distribution density. The present embodiment provides the same advantages as those ofEmbodiment 1. - (Embodiment 3)
- A liquid crystal display according to Embodiment 3 in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 10,
gate bus lines 12 are formed on aglass substrate 10 that constitutes aTFT substrate 2. Aninsulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12.Drain bus lines 14 are formed on theinsulation film 30. Aprotective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14. A cellgap control layer 42 constituted by an acrylic photosensitive resin having a thickness of, for example, 2.6 μm is formed in a display area that is located on theprotective film 34 and inside a region where a sealingmaterial 40 is to be formed. On the cellgap control layer 42, apixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region. Anopposite substrate 4 has acommon electrode 36 in a display area on aglass substrate 11. - The
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealingmaterial 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof. For example, the width of the sealingmaterial 40 is about 1 mm. For example, aliquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between theTFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4. - The liquid crystal display has
spherical spacers 46 for maintaining a cell gap and an adhesive 48 for firmly securing thesubstrates substrates spherical spacers 46. Thereafter, thesubstrates - In general, when a pressure is applied to the substrate surface in a certain region from the outside, the
liquid crystal 6 in that region moves to other regions. As a result, the cell gap decreases in that region and increases in the other regions. In the present embodiment, however, since thesubstrates Embodiment 1 and further reduces the possibility of fluctuations of a cell gap, which makes it possible to prevent display abnormalities of a liquid crystal display utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal. - (Embodiment 4)
- A liquid crystal display according to
Embodiment 4 in the present mode for carrying out the invention will now be described with reference to FIG. 11. FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a major part of the liquid crystal display of the present embodiment and showing a section corresponding to that in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 11,gate bus lines 12 are formed on aglass substrate 10 that constitutes aTFT substrate 2. Aninsulation film 30 is formed throughout the substrate over the gate bus lines 12.Drain bus lines 14 are formed on theinsulation film 30. Aprotective film 34 is formed throughout the substrate over the drain bus lines 14. A cellgap control layer 42 constituted by an acrylic photosensitive resin having a thickness of, for example, 2.6 μm is formed in a display area that is located on theprotective film 34 and inside a region where a sealingmaterial 40 is to be formed. On the cellgap control layer 42, apixel electrode 16 constituted by, for example, an ITO is formed in each pixel region. Anopposite substrate 4 has acommon electrode 36 in a display area on aglass substrate 11. - The
TFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4 are combined together with the sealingmaterial 40 that is written in peripheral portions thereof. For example, the width of the sealingmaterial 40 is about 1 mm. For example, aliquid crystal 6 having ferroelectric properties is sealed between theTFT substrate 2 and theopposite substrate 4. - The liquid crystal display has
pillar spacers 44 for maintaining a cell gap and an adhesive 48 for firmly securing thesubstrates substrates substrates - As described above, in the present mode for carrying out the invention, a manufacturing method substantially similar to those in the related art can be used for a liquid crystal display having an extremely small cell gap. According to
Embodiments 3 and 4 in the present mode for carrying out the invention, a liquid crystal display that is rigid against external pressures can be provided without any adverse effect on display quality even when a liquid crystal material such as a ferroelectric liquid crystal that is quite sensitive to external pressures is used. - The invention is not limited to the above-described mode for carrying out the same and may be modified in various ways.
- For example, while liquid crystal displays utilizing a ferroelectric liquid crystal have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to other liquid crystal displays such as TN mode displays utilizing a nematic liquid crystal.
- While transmissive liquid crystal displays have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to other liquid crystal displays such as reflective and transflective displays.
- While active matrix liquid crystal displays have been referred to as examples in the above-described mode for carrying out the invention, the invention is not limited to them and may be applied to passive matrix liquid crystal displays.
- As described above, the invention makes it possible to provide a liquid crystal display which is manufactured with improved yield and which can achieve high display quality.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002364665A JP2004198567A (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2002-12-17 | Substrate for liquid crystal display device, and liquid crystal display device equipped with the same |
JP2002-364665 | 2002-12-17 |
Publications (1)
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US20040156007A1 true US20040156007A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
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US10/737,182 Abandoned US20040156007A1 (en) | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-16 | Substrate for liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display having the same |
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US (1) | US20040156007A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004198567A (en) |
Cited By (2)
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US20050012885A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Field-sequential liquid crystal display panel in which storage capacitors are formed using scan electrode lines |
US20080266510A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2008-10-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Liquid crystal display device |
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US4846560A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1989-07-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device with ferroelectric liquid crystal oriented at non-pixel portions |
US5381255A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with seal larger than cell gap plus half color filter thickness and 1.2-5mm from filter edge |
US5748266A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-05-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Color filter, liquid crystal display panel, liquid crystal display, and liquid crystal display panel manufacturing method |
US5859683A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-01-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Transmissive liquid crystal display apparatus and method for producing the same |
US5982471A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-11-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display contact structure having conducting spacers and plural conducting films |
US6078379A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2000-06-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device provided with seal material and spacer made of resist |
US6100954A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2000-08-08 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Liquid crystal display with planarizing organic gate insulator and organic planarization layer and method for manufacturing |
US6181397B1 (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 2001-01-30 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Reflection-type liquid crystal display panel and method of fabricating the same |
US20020075429A1 (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2002-06-20 | Kazuyoshi Fujioka | Liquid crystal display element |
-
2002
- 2002-12-17 JP JP2002364665A patent/JP2004198567A/en active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-12-16 US US10/737,182 patent/US20040156007A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US4846560A (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1989-07-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal device with ferroelectric liquid crystal oriented at non-pixel portions |
US5381255A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-01-10 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric liquid crystal display with seal larger than cell gap plus half color filter thickness and 1.2-5mm from filter edge |
US5748266A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1998-05-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Color filter, liquid crystal display panel, liquid crystal display, and liquid crystal display panel manufacturing method |
US5859683A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1999-01-12 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Transmissive liquid crystal display apparatus and method for producing the same |
US6100954A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2000-08-08 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Liquid crystal display with planarizing organic gate insulator and organic planarization layer and method for manufacturing |
US5982471A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-11-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display contact structure having conducting spacers and plural conducting films |
US6181397B1 (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 2001-01-30 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Reflection-type liquid crystal display panel and method of fabricating the same |
US6078379A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2000-06-20 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Liquid crystal display device provided with seal material and spacer made of resist |
US20020075429A1 (en) * | 1998-07-28 | 2002-06-20 | Kazuyoshi Fujioka | Liquid crystal display element |
Cited By (2)
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US20050012885A1 (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Field-sequential liquid crystal display panel in which storage capacitors are formed using scan electrode lines |
US20080266510A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2008-10-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Liquid crystal display device |
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