US20040146702A1 - Pure iron fiber based friction material product - Google Patents
Pure iron fiber based friction material product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040146702A1 US20040146702A1 US10/353,897 US35389703A US2004146702A1 US 20040146702 A1 US20040146702 A1 US 20040146702A1 US 35389703 A US35389703 A US 35389703A US 2004146702 A1 US2004146702 A1 US 2004146702A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- friction material
- iron
- braking element
- carbon steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 104
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 reinforcements Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940007424 antimony trisulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trisulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[S-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] NVWBARWTDVQPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010466 nut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin disulfide Chemical compound S=[Sn]=S ALRFTTOJSPMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Sn+2] DZXKSFDSPBRJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
- F16D2200/0065—Inorganic, e.g. non-asbestos mineral fibres
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction material, and more particularly relates to a reinforcement in the friction material for particular use in an industrial machine, a railway vehicle, a baggage car, a passenger car, a freight truck, or the like wherein a brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, or the like, is used in the above-mentioned applications
- Automotive brake systems must satisfy a certain set of consumer expectations, such as comfort, durability, and reasonable cost. These expectations are translated into a set of specific requirements for the brake system such as a high and stable friction coefficient, vibration and noise characteristics within a predetermined limit, and low wear rates for the friction material and rotor mating surfaces. All of the aforesaid requirements have to be achieved simultaneously at a reasonable cost. Particularly, the performance has to be stable under varying application conditions, over extremes in temperature, humidity, speed, and deceleration rate for occasional or many consecutive stops.
- Friction materials serve in a variety of ways to control the acceleration and deceleration of vehicles and machines.
- the friction materials may be resin- or rubber-bound composites based on asbestos, metallic fibers, or a combination of other fibers.
- the friction material is generally composed of binders, reinforcements, and fillers.
- Brake linings and clutch facings consist of friction materials, which are employed to convert the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle or machine part into heat to thereby remove the kinetic energy and halt the movement of the vehicle or machine part.
- the friction material absorbs the heat and gradually dissipates it into the atmosphere.
- the friction material is considered to be the expendable portion of the brake couple which, over a long period of use, is converted to wear debris and gases.
- Reinforcement materials are frequently employed in friction materials for enhancing a predetermined characteristic such as increasing the strength of the friction material, providing varying degrees of wear resistance, heat dissipation, temperature stabilization, and/or high and low temperature friction performance.
- Reinforcement materials are also used to provide an abrasive attribute to the friction material.
- the magnitude of abrasiveness of the filler dictates many performance and wear characteristics of the braking system. To that end, extreme abrasiveness may lead to excellent performance but contribute to excessive wear of braking components. Insufficient abrasiveness may protect the braking components but provide relatively poor braking characteristics.
- the present invention provides a braking element comprising a friction material, which is comprised of a binder, a filler, and a reinforcement material.
- the reinforcement material essentially consists of mineral fibers, metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof.
- the metal fibers are an annealed iron fiber with a length in range of about 0.5 to about 6 millimeters and a width in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers.
- the iron fiber content in the friction material is in a range between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a disc brake system.
- FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown with reference to a simplified and exemplary vehicle disc brake system 10 .
- the disc brake system 10 includes a rotor 12 , a caliper 14 , and a hub 16 .
- the disc brake system 10 also includes a pair of outboard and inboard brake elements 18 a and 18 b, respectively, referred to hereinafter as brake elements 18 .
- the brake elements 18 are mounted to the caliper 14 using conventional methods well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate the brake system 10 is shown in an simplified fashion; a more detailed explanation of an exemplary disc brake system is shown in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,421, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- the brake elements 18 include a structural backing 20 and a friction material 22 .
- the friction material 22 is mounted to the structural backing 20 in a conventional way, well-known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
- An example of one such mounting method is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,099, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- the brake elements 18 squeeze against rotor 12 to slow the rotation of the rotor 12 to thereby slow the vehicle (not shown) to a desired speed. As noted above, friction is produced when the brake elements 18 come into contact with the rotor 12 ; this in turn, causes the brake elements 18 to heat up and ultimately wear.
- the friction material 22 is comprised of a binder, a filler, and a reinforcement, which may be combined in a slurry form, for example, and pressed or molded into a desired shape.
- the reinforcement is comprised of iron fibers but neither the reinforcement, the binder, nor the filler includes low-carbon steel.
- the formulation of the friction material in this manner provides many advantages in performance and durability; the benefits of which will be discussed further. Additionally, iron fibers without low-carbon steel provide a low cost and advantageous composition of the friction material.
- low-carbon steel is used in a friction material for purposes that include reinforcement. Accordingly, it will be understood that no carbon steel will be included in the friction material when it is stated that the reinforcement lacks a low-carbon steel component.
- the reinforcement of the friction material comprises an annealed iron fiber but is devoid of low-carbon steel.
- the iron fibers are commercially available from many vendors.
- One such exemplary supplier is Sunny Metal Inc. 01, Jinxin Road, Nancun-Yuangang, Panyu, Guangzhou, China, 511442, under the product name Annealed Vibration Cutting Iron Fiber.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that iron fibers of the requisite type and dimension can be acquired from many vendors.
- the length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 0.5 millimeter to about 6 millimeters, with a preferred range of about 2.2 millimeters to about 3.2 millimeters providing optimal performance.
- the width of the irons fibers is in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers, with a preferred range of about 60 micrometers to about 90 micrometers providing optimal performance.
- the length-to-width ratio of iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1.
- Disc thickness variation or DTV refers to non-uniform thickness of the disc rotor.
- Disc thickness variation can be caused by many different things, one of which includes intermittent rubbing between the friction material and the rotor when the caliper is not engaged (brake pedal is not pressed) because the braking element has not fully disengaged the rotor.
- a rotor with disc thickness variation will transmit a pulsing sensation as the braking element intermittently makes contact with the rotor.
- Tests measuring disc thickness variation show that friction materials with iron fibers that are devoid of low-carbon steel as compared to friction materials with low-carbon steel show a reduction of disc thickness variation of approximately 60%.
- the exclusion of low-carbon steel fibers in the friction material allows the characteristics of the iron fiber to predominate the reinforcement component of the friction material.
- the iron fibers are a softer metallic fiber when compared to low-carbon steel fibers. Using the softer iron fibers produces less disc thickness variation as mentioned above. Further, it produces less judder and other forms of vibration that for example wear suspension components.
- the iron fibers are softer and produce less brake component wear but the exclusion of low-carbon steel also produces a friction coefficient of less magnitude, generally in the range of about 3.5 to about 4. Notwithstanding the reduction in magnitude of the friction coefficient, the breaking elements can easily produce enough frictional force to stop a vehicle.
- the slight change in the magnitude of the friction coefficient of the friction material relative to friction materials containing low-carbon steel may provide minor changes in the duty cycle of the friction material depending on the application. Accordingly, graphite lubricants, coarser graphite, or other conventional components of the friction material may be adjusted as necessary to maintain the robustness and overall durability of the friction material.
- annealed iron fibers are mixed into the friction material as a percentage of total volume of the friction material, such that a range is about five-tenths of one percent by volume (0.5 v %) up to about forty percent by volume (40 v %). A preferred range is about two percent by volume (2 v %) up to about twenty-eight percent by volume (28 v %), with the preferred range providing optimal performance characteristics.
- a range is about five-tenths of one percent by volume (0.5 v %) up to about forty percent by volume (40 v %).
- a preferred range is about two percent by volume (2 v %) up to about twenty-eight percent by volume (28 v %), with the preferred range providing optimal performance characteristics.
- adherence to the exact percentage of total volume per component is not required to maintain operability of the invention, but the deviation from the exact percentages may reduce performance of the friction material.
- Table 1 shows the preferred ranges of a first exemplary composition of the friction material where the values found in the column labeled “Preferred Example Ranges” represents preferred ranges of the components within the friction material.
- Preferred Example Ranges Exemplary Components of (percentage of the Friction Material total volume) Phenolic Resin about 5 to 23 Mineral Fiber about 0 to 12 Iron Fiber about 2 to 28 Brass Fiber about 0 to 10 Copper Fiber about 0 to 10 Bronze Fiber about 0 to 10 Cellulose Fiber about 0 to 8 Aramid Fiber about 0 to 5 Barium Sulfate about 3 to 15 Coke/Graphite about 1 to 30 Metal Sulfides about 0 to 15 Metal Powders about 1 to 35 Reground rubber tire tread dust about 1 to 9 Cashew Nut Shell Friction Dust about 2 to 20 Titanium Dioxide Particles about 2 to 20 Other metals of metal oxides about 0 to 10
- Table 2 shows the preferred values of a second exemplary composition of the friction material where the values found in the column labeled “Preferred Example Values” are preferred values for the friction material.
- Preferred Example Values Components of the (percentage of Friction Material total volume) Phenolic Resin about 14 Iron Fiber about 25 Aramid Fiber about 2 Barium Sulfate about 12 Synthetic Graphite about 30 Reground rubber tire tread dust about 3 Cashew Nut Shell Friction Dust about 4 Titanium Dioxide Particles about 8 Zinc Powder about 2
- one such exemplary mineral fiber is Lapinus® Fiber, which is commercially available from Lapinus Fibres B.V., 6040 KD Roermond, The Netherlands, under the trade name Roxul® 1000.
- Roxul® 1000 for example, is a gray and/or green fibrous mineral wool batting or board.
- Ceramic Fiber which is commercially available from Thermal Ceramics, P.O. Box 923, Dept. 167, Augusta, Ga. 30903.
- Superwool® Fiber for example, is an alkaline earth silicate wool batting or board.
- Interfiber® is commercially available from Vanco Manufacturing, Inc., 1615 Vanderbilt Road, Portage, Mich. 49002.
- Interfiber® is a polyoxypropylene powder.
- metal sulfides suitable for use in the friction material are antimony tri-sulfide, copper sulfide, stannic sulfide, and stannous sulfide all of which are commercially available.
- Kevlar® Fiber which is commercially available from DuPont, 5401 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Richmond, Va. 23234 among others.
- filler Another component of the friction material is the filler.
- Exemplary fillers include anti-oxidants, asbestos, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cashew nut oil, cotton, fiber of mixed oxides, lime, potassium titanate, diene rubber, nitrile rubber, scrap rubber, sea coal, and zinc oxide among others.
- anti-oxidants asbestos, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cashew nut oil, cotton, fiber of mixed oxides, lime, potassium titanate, diene rubber, nitrile rubber, scrap rubber, sea coal, and zinc oxide among others.
- One skilled in the art will readily appreciate the wide ranging the availability of other filler materials.
- a more detailed list of possible and exemplary fillers is disclosed in Compositions, Fucntions, and Testing of Friction Brake Materials and their Additives by Peter J. Blau (prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Document Number ORNL/TM-2001.64), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- components in a friction material can be adjusted to tailor the friction material to the wide range of applications without deviating from the scope of the present invention. Further, the ability to dissipate heat is not hindered with use of iron fibers without low-carbon steel fibers, as reinforcement composition provides equal or better heat dissipation characteristics when compared to other reinforcement compositions.
- the binder is a phenolic resin.
- the friction material components are subjected to a surface treatment with a phenolic resin.
- the substances subjected to such a surface treatment have an advantage that they can be easily mixed with other materials when a friction material is manufactured.
- the mixture by volume of the phenolic resin is preferably in a range of nine percent by volume (9 v %) to twenty five percent by volume (25 v %).
- a silane coupling agent can be used in lieu of the phenolic resin. Further detail as to use and substitution of the phenolic resin, the silane coupling agent or other binders, is more fully discussed in commonly assigned pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/735,625, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
Abstract
A friction material having a reinforcement material that includes mineral fibers, metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers and combinations thereof but does not include carbon steel. The friction material has a relatively uniform coefficient of friction and causes relatively less wear of braking components.
Description
- Other features of the present invention are discussed and claimed in commonly assigned copending U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled Brake Friction Material including Titanium Dioxide Particles, filed on ______.
- The present invention relates to a friction material, and more particularly relates to a reinforcement in the friction material for particular use in an industrial machine, a railway vehicle, a baggage car, a passenger car, a freight truck, or the like wherein a brake pad, a brake lining, a clutch facing, or the like, is used in the above-mentioned applications
- Automotive brake systems must satisfy a certain set of consumer expectations, such as comfort, durability, and reasonable cost. These expectations are translated into a set of specific requirements for the brake system such as a high and stable friction coefficient, vibration and noise characteristics within a predetermined limit, and low wear rates for the friction material and rotor mating surfaces. All of the aforesaid requirements have to be achieved simultaneously at a reasonable cost. Particularly, the performance has to be stable under varying application conditions, over extremes in temperature, humidity, speed, and deceleration rate for occasional or many consecutive stops.
- Friction materials serve in a variety of ways to control the acceleration and deceleration of vehicles and machines. The friction materials may be resin- or rubber-bound composites based on asbestos, metallic fibers, or a combination of other fibers. The friction material is generally composed of binders, reinforcements, and fillers.
- Brake linings and clutch facings consist of friction materials, which are employed to convert the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle or machine part into heat to thereby remove the kinetic energy and halt the movement of the vehicle or machine part. Typically, the friction material absorbs the heat and gradually dissipates it into the atmosphere. The friction material is considered to be the expendable portion of the brake couple which, over a long period of use, is converted to wear debris and gases.
- Reinforcement materials are frequently employed in friction materials for enhancing a predetermined characteristic such as increasing the strength of the friction material, providing varying degrees of wear resistance, heat dissipation, temperature stabilization, and/or high and low temperature friction performance.
- Reinforcement materials are also used to provide an abrasive attribute to the friction material. The magnitude of abrasiveness of the filler dictates many performance and wear characteristics of the braking system. To that end, extreme abrasiveness may lead to excellent performance but contribute to excessive wear of braking components. Insufficient abrasiveness may protect the braking components but provide relatively poor braking characteristics.
- In one preferred form, the present invention provides a braking element comprising a friction material, which is comprised of a binder, a filler, and a reinforcement material. The reinforcement material essentially consists of mineral fibers, metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof. The metal fibers are an annealed iron fiber with a length in range of about 0.5 to about 6 millimeters and a width in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers. The iron fiber content in the friction material is in a range between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
- Further areas of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the drawings and detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration and example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a disc brake system.
- In FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown with reference to a simplified and exemplary vehicle
disc brake system 10. Thedisc brake system 10 includes arotor 12, acaliper 14, and ahub 16. Thedisc brake system 10 also includes a pair of outboard andinboard brake elements caliper 14 using conventional methods well known to one of ordinary skill in the art. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate thebrake system 10 is shown in an simplified fashion; a more detailed explanation of an exemplary disc brake system is shown in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,421, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein. - The brake elements18 include a
structural backing 20 and afriction material 22. Thefriction material 22 is mounted to thestructural backing 20 in a conventional way, well-known to one of ordinary skill in the art. An example of one such mounting method is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,099, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein. - The brake elements18 squeeze against
rotor 12 to slow the rotation of therotor 12 to thereby slow the vehicle (not shown) to a desired speed. As noted above, friction is produced when the brake elements 18 come into contact with therotor 12; this in turn, causes the brake elements 18 to heat up and ultimately wear. - The
friction material 22 is comprised of a binder, a filler, and a reinforcement, which may be combined in a slurry form, for example, and pressed or molded into a desired shape. The reinforcement is comprised of iron fibers but neither the reinforcement, the binder, nor the filler includes low-carbon steel. The formulation of the friction material in this manner provides many advantages in performance and durability; the benefits of which will be discussed further. Additionally, iron fibers without low-carbon steel provide a low cost and advantageous composition of the friction material. As those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, low-carbon steel is used in a friction material for purposes that include reinforcement. Accordingly, it will be understood that no carbon steel will be included in the friction material when it is stated that the reinforcement lacks a low-carbon steel component. - In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcement of the friction material comprises an annealed iron fiber but is devoid of low-carbon steel. The iron fibers are commercially available from many vendors. One such exemplary supplier is Sunny Metal Inc. 01, Jinxin Road, Nancun-Yuangang, Panyu, Guangzhou, China, 511442, under the product name Annealed Vibration Cutting Iron Fiber. One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that iron fibers of the requisite type and dimension can be acquired from many vendors.
- In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 0.5 millimeter to about 6 millimeters, with a preferred range of about 2.2 millimeters to about 3.2 millimeters providing optimal performance. The width of the irons fibers is in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers, with a preferred range of about 60 micrometers to about 90 micrometers providing optimal performance. To maintain desired performance characteristics of the friction material, the length-to-width ratio of iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that deviation from the exact sizes of the iron fibers will not render the invention inoperable but may only reduce performance.
- Experimental results have shown that use of iron fibers without any low-carbon steel in the remainder of the friction material produces less disc thickness variation and overall wear of the braking components than friction materials containing low-carbon steel. Disc thickness variation or DTV refers to non-uniform thickness of the disc rotor. Disc thickness variation can be caused by many different things, one of which includes intermittent rubbing between the friction material and the rotor when the caliper is not engaged (brake pedal is not pressed) because the braking element has not fully disengaged the rotor. A rotor with disc thickness variation will transmit a pulsing sensation as the braking element intermittently makes contact with the rotor. Tests measuring disc thickness variation show that friction materials with iron fibers that are devoid of low-carbon steel as compared to friction materials with low-carbon steel show a reduction of disc thickness variation of approximately 60%.
- The exclusion of low-carbon steel fibers in the friction material allows the characteristics of the iron fiber to predominate the reinforcement component of the friction material. To that end, the iron fibers are a softer metallic fiber when compared to low-carbon steel fibers. Using the softer iron fibers produces less disc thickness variation as mentioned above. Further, it produces less judder and other forms of vibration that for example wear suspension components.
- The iron fibers are softer and produce less brake component wear but the exclusion of low-carbon steel also produces a friction coefficient of less magnitude, generally in the range of about 3.5 to about 4. Notwithstanding the reduction in magnitude of the friction coefficient, the breaking elements can easily produce enough frictional force to stop a vehicle. The slight change in the magnitude of the friction coefficient of the friction material relative to friction materials containing low-carbon steel may provide minor changes in the duty cycle of the friction material depending on the application. Accordingly, graphite lubricants, coarser graphite, or other conventional components of the friction material may be adjusted as necessary to maintain the robustness and overall durability of the friction material.
- In the preferred embodiment, annealed iron fibers are mixed into the friction material as a percentage of total volume of the friction material, such that a range is about five-tenths of one percent by volume (0.5 v %) up to about forty percent by volume (40 v %). A preferred range is about two percent by volume (2 v %) up to about twenty-eight percent by volume (28 v %), with the preferred range providing optimal performance characteristics. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that adherence to the exact percentage of total volume per component is not required to maintain operability of the invention, but the deviation from the exact percentages may reduce performance of the friction material.
- Table 1 shows the preferred ranges of a first exemplary composition of the friction material where the values found in the column labeled “Preferred Example Ranges” represents preferred ranges of the components within the friction material.
TABLE 1 Preferred Example Ranges Exemplary Components of (percentage of the Friction Material total volume) Phenolic Resin about 5 to 23 Mineral Fiber about 0 to 12 Iron Fiber about 2 to 28 Brass Fiber about 0 to 10 Copper Fiber about 0 to 10 Bronze Fiber about 0 to 10 Cellulose Fiber about 0 to 8 Aramid Fiber about 0 to 5 Barium Sulfate about 3 to 15 Coke/Graphite about 1 to 30 Metal Sulfides about 0 to 15 Metal Powders about 1 to 35 Reground rubber tire tread dust about 1 to 9 Cashew Nut Shell Friction Dust about 2 to 20 Titanium Dioxide Particles about 2 to 20 Other metals of metal oxides about 0 to 10 - Table 2 shows the preferred values of a second exemplary composition of the friction material where the values found in the column labeled “Preferred Example Values” are preferred values for the friction material. One skilled and the art will readily appreciate that the values outlined below in Table 1 and Table 2 are exemplary ranges and values and, as such, do not limit the scope of the present invention.
TABLE 2 Preferred Example Values Components of the (percentage of Friction Material total volume) Phenolic Resin about 14 Iron Fiber about 25 Aramid Fiber about 2 Barium Sulfate about 12 Synthetic Graphite about 30 Reground rubber tire tread dust about 3 Cashew Nut Shell Friction Dust about 4 Titanium Dioxide Particles about 8 Zinc Powder about 2 - One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available mineral fibers suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one such exemplary mineral fiber is Lapinus® Fiber, which is commercially available from Lapinus Fibres B.V., 6040 KD Roermond, The Netherlands, under the trade name Roxul® 1000. Roxul® 1000, for example, is a gray and/or green fibrous mineral wool batting or board.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available ceramic fibers suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one such exemplary ceramic fiber is Superwool® Fiber, which is commercially available from Thermal Ceramics, P.O. Box 923, Dept. 167, Augusta, Ga. 30903. Superwool® Fiber, for example, is an alkaline earth silicate wool batting or board.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available cellulose fibers suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one such exemplary cellulose fiber is Interfiber®, which is commercially available from Vanco Manufacturing, Inc., 1615 Vanderbilt Road, Portage, Mich. 49002. Interfiber®, for example, is a polyoxypropylene powder.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available metal sulfides suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, possible exemplary metal sulfides are antimony tri-sulfide, copper sulfide, stannic sulfide, and stannous sulfide all of which are commercially available.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available forms of graphite suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one such exemplary source of suitable commercially available graphite is from Asbury Carbons, Inc., 405 Old Main Street, Asbury, N.J., 08802.
- One of ordinary skill in art will readily appreciate that many vendors supply multiple commercially available aramid fibers suitable for use in the friction material. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one such exemplary mineral fiber is Kevlar® Fiber, which is commercially available from DuPont, 5401 Jefferson Davis Hwy, Richmond, Va. 23234 among others.
- The titanium dioxide particles mentioned above are discussed in greater detail in commonly assigned copending U.S. application Ser. No. ______ entitled Brake Friction Material including Titanium Dioxide Particles, filed on ______, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- Another component of the friction material is the filler. Exemplary fillers include anti-oxidants, asbestos, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, cashew nut oil, cotton, fiber of mixed oxides, lime, potassium titanate, diene rubber, nitrile rubber, scrap rubber, sea coal, and zinc oxide among others. One skilled in the art will readily appreciate the wide ranging the availability of other filler materials. A more detailed list of possible and exemplary fillers is disclosed in Compositions, Fucntions, and Testing of Friction Brake Materials and their Additives by Peter J. Blau (prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Document Number ORNL/TM-2001.64), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- In the preferred embodiment, the use of iron fibers while excluding any low-carbon steel fibers in the reinforcement of the friction material in no way alters the applicability of the friction material. While the percent of total volume or size of other components in the friction material may need to be adjusted to compensate for the specific needs of certain applications, the iron fibers provide benefits across many friction material applications. One skilled in art will readily appreciate that components in a friction material can be adjusted to tailor the friction material to the wide range of applications without deviating from the scope of the present invention. Further, the ability to dissipate heat is not hindered with use of iron fibers without low-carbon steel fibers, as reinforcement composition provides equal or better heat dissipation characteristics when compared to other reinforcement compositions.
- In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the binder is a phenolic resin. The friction material components are subjected to a surface treatment with a phenolic resin. The substances subjected to such a surface treatment have an advantage that they can be easily mixed with other materials when a friction material is manufactured. The mixture by volume of the phenolic resin is preferably in a range of nine percent by volume (9 v %) to twenty five percent by volume (25 v %).
- In alternative embodiment, a silane coupling agent can be used in lieu of the phenolic resin. Further detail as to use and substitution of the phenolic resin, the silane coupling agent or other binders, is more fully discussed in commonly assigned pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/735,625, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
- The foregoing description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (31)
1. A braking element comprising a friction material, the friction material being entirely devoid of carbon steel and including:
a reinforcement material selected from a group consisting essentially of mineral fibers, non-carbon steel metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof.
2. The braking element of claim 1 , wherein the metal fibers are iron fibers.
3. The braking element of claim 2 , wherein the iron fibers are annealed.
4. The braking element of claim 2 , wherein a length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 0.5 millimeters to about 6 millimeters.
5. The braking element of claim 4 , wherein the length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 2.2 millimeters to about 3.2 millimeters.
6. The braking element of claim 2 , wherein a width of the iron fibers is in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers.
7. The braking element of claim 6 , wherein the width of the iron fibers is in a range of about 60 micrometers to about 90 micrometers.
8. The braking element of claim 2 , wherein a length-to-width ratio of the iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1.
9. The braking element of claim 2 , wherein an amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
10. The braking element of claim 9 , wherein the amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 2 v % to about 28 v %.
11. The braking element of claim 1 , wherein the non-carbon steel metal fibers are selected from a group consisting of brass fibers, copper fibers, bronze fibers, iron fibers and combinations thereof.
12. A friction material being entirely devoid of carbon steel and including:
a reinforcement material selected from a group consisting essentially of mineral fibers, non-carbon steel metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof.
13. The friction material of claim 12 , wherein the metal fibers are iron fibers.
14. The friction material of claim 13 , wherein the iron fibers are annealed.
15. The friction material of claim 13 , wherein a length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 0.5 millimeters to about 6 millimeters.
16. The friction material of claim 15 , wherein the length of the iron fibers is in a range of about 2.2 millimeters to about 3.2 millimeters.
17. The friction material of claim 13 , wherein a width of the iron fibers is in a range of about 25 micrometers to about 200 micrometers.
18. The friction material of claim 17 , wherein the width of the iron fibers is preferably in a range of about 60 micrometers to about 90 micrometers.
19. The friction material of claim 13 , wherein a length-to-width ratio of the iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1.
20. The friction material of claim 13 , wherein an amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
21. The friction material of claim 20 , wherein the amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 2 v % to about 28 v %.
22. The friction material of claim 12 , wherein the non-carbon steel metal fibers are selected from a group consisting of brass fibers, copper fibers, bronze fibers, iron fibers, and combinations thereof.
23. A clutch comprising a friction material, the friction material being entirely devoid of carbon steel and including:
a reinforcement material selected from a group consisting essentially of mineral fibers, non-carbon steel metal fibers, aramid fibers, cellulose fibers, and combinations thereof.
24. The clutch of claim 23 , wherein the metal fibers are annealed iron fibers.
25. The clutch of claim 24 , wherein a length-to-width ratio of the annealed iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1.
26. The clutch of claim 24 , wherein an amount of the annealed iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
27. The clutch of claim 24 , wherein an amount of the annealed iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 2 v % to about 28 v %.
28. A braking element comprising a friction material, the friction material comprising iron fibers and not carbon steel.
29. The braking element of claim 28 , wherein an amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 0.5 v % to about 40 v %.
30. The braking element of claim 29 , wherein the amount of the iron fibers in the friction material ranges between about 2 v % to about 28 v %.
31. The braking element of claim 29 , wherein a length-to-width ratio of the iron fibers ranges between about 2.5 to 1 to about 240 to 1.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/353,897 US20040146702A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Pure iron fiber based friction material product |
EP20040001766 EP1443237A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-01-28 | Pure iron fiber based friction material product |
JP2004020604A JP2004231965A (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2004-01-29 | Pure iron fiber-base friction material product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/353,897 US20040146702A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Pure iron fiber based friction material product |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040146702A1 true US20040146702A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
Family
ID=32655535
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/353,897 Abandoned US20040146702A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2003-01-29 | Pure iron fiber based friction material product |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040146702A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1443237A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004231965A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060151268A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Sunil Kesavan | Copper-free non-asbestos organic friction material |
US20080072500A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-27 | Klett Michael W | Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools |
US20100084233A1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-08 | Federal-Mogul Products, Inc. | Friction Material For Brakes |
CN102352899A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-02-15 | 山东金麒麟集团有限公司 | Low-noise powder metallurgy brake pad and preparation method thereof |
US20120070680A1 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-03-22 | Mitsuo Unno | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member |
CN103361031A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-10-23 | 李美凤 | Brake pad for flax fiber reinforced environmental-friendly car and preparation method thereof |
CN103644232A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-03-19 | 重庆红宇摩擦制品有限公司 | Friction material prescription with function of reducing peristalsis noise |
CN103644228A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-03-19 | 宁国飞鹰汽车零部件股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant brake pad and preparation method thereof |
EP3147531A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7673674B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 | 2010-03-09 | Stream-Flo Industries Ltd. | Polish rod clamping device |
JP5041717B2 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2012-10-03 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | Friction material |
JP5331428B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2013-10-30 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | Brake friction material |
CN103603901A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-02-26 | 青岛广联达精密机械有限公司 | Environment-friendly car brake pad |
JP6440947B2 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2018-12-19 | 日本ブレーキ工業株式会社 | Friction material composition, friction material using friction material composition, and friction member |
Citations (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1225365A (en) * | 1911-11-14 | 1917-05-08 | Hippolyt Saurer | Apparatus for perforating jacquard-cards. |
US1443237A (en) * | 1923-01-23 | paskach | ||
US2107337A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1938-02-08 | Mathilda G Moore | Girdle garment |
US2861964A (en) * | 1953-11-17 | 1958-11-25 | Johns Manville | Composition brake block |
US3835118A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-09-10 | Bendix Corp | Sponge iron friction material |
US3975186A (en) * | 1974-09-12 | 1976-08-17 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method of making iron powder |
US4019912A (en) * | 1971-09-04 | 1977-04-26 | Jurid Werke Gmbh | Frictional material reinforced with carbonaceous fibers |
US4173681A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-11-06 | Societe Abex Pagid Equipement S.A. | Brake pad with integral organic backplate |
US4219452A (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1980-08-26 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Composite friction element |
US4278584A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-07-14 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic friction material |
US4279696A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1981-07-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Process for forming friction materials |
US4280935A (en) * | 1979-05-28 | 1981-07-28 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material comprising an iron powder having a carbon content of from 0.5-1 percent |
US4348490A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1982-09-07 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material |
US4363884A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-12-14 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material |
US4384053A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1983-05-17 | Societe Nouvelle De Roulements | Product for manufacturing clutch or brake linings, and method of preparing same |
US4415363A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1983-11-15 | The Bendix Corporation | Sintered iron base friction material |
US4465796A (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1984-08-14 | Valeo | Friction lining suitable for use in brakes, clutches and other applications |
US4563386A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-01-07 | Cercasbest Corp. | Friction element comprised of heat resistant heterogeneous thermosetting friction material |
US4665108A (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-05-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material using iron powder |
US4743635A (en) * | 1984-12-13 | 1988-05-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material and method of making such material |
US4855336A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1989-08-08 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Friction material containing mill scale |
US4944373A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-07-31 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Disc brake pad |
US5041471A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-08-20 | Braketech, Incorporated | Friction materials with universal core of non-asbestos fibers |
US5083643A (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1992-01-28 | Abex Corporation | Noise abating brake shoe |
US5087642A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1992-02-11 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
US5266395A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1993-11-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material for making brake pads |
US5360587A (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1994-11-01 | Plastics Engineering Company | Preparation of friction elements and compositions therefor |
US5433774A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1995-07-18 | Miba Frictec Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Friction lining and process for the production thereof |
US5501728A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-03-26 | Brake Pro, Inc. | Friction material |
US5714525A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1998-02-03 | Plastics Enginerring Company | Preparation of friction elements and compositions therefor |
US5878849A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-03-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ceramic metal composite brake components and manufacture thereof |
US5957251A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-09-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Brake or clutch components having a ceramic-metal composite friction material |
US6110991A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 2000-08-29 | Sterling Chemicals, International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
US6143051A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 2000-11-07 | A/S Roulunds Fabriker | Friction material, method of preparing same and friction lining |
US6143622A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-11-07 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for forming alignment mark |
US6220404B1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2001-04-24 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Non-asbestos disc brake pad for automobiles |
US6284815B1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 2001-09-04 | Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd. | Non-asbestos friction material |
US6413622B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2002-07-02 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6451872B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-09-17 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US20020169231A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-11-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material |
US20030026969A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-06 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos-based friction materials |
US6596789B2 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2003-07-22 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6617375B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-09-09 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6656240B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2003-12-02 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction material |
US20040242432A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-02 | Seiji Suzuki | Friction material |
US20050004258A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-06 | Kazuhide Yamamoto | Friction material |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2874296B2 (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1999-03-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Friction material for brake |
-
2003
- 2003-01-29 US US10/353,897 patent/US20040146702A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2004
- 2004-01-28 EP EP20040001766 patent/EP1443237A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-01-29 JP JP2004020604A patent/JP2004231965A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1443237A (en) * | 1923-01-23 | paskach | ||
US1225365A (en) * | 1911-11-14 | 1917-05-08 | Hippolyt Saurer | Apparatus for perforating jacquard-cards. |
US2107337A (en) * | 1937-10-09 | 1938-02-08 | Mathilda G Moore | Girdle garment |
US2861964A (en) * | 1953-11-17 | 1958-11-25 | Johns Manville | Composition brake block |
US4019912A (en) * | 1971-09-04 | 1977-04-26 | Jurid Werke Gmbh | Frictional material reinforced with carbonaceous fibers |
US3835118B1 (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1987-03-10 | ||
US3835118A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1974-09-10 | Bendix Corp | Sponge iron friction material |
US3975186A (en) * | 1974-09-12 | 1976-08-17 | Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft | Method of making iron powder |
US4173681A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-11-06 | Societe Abex Pagid Equipement S.A. | Brake pad with integral organic backplate |
US4219452A (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1980-08-26 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Composite friction element |
US4384053A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1983-05-17 | Societe Nouvelle De Roulements | Product for manufacturing clutch or brake linings, and method of preparing same |
US4278584A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1981-07-14 | Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Organic friction material |
US4280935A (en) * | 1979-05-28 | 1981-07-28 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material comprising an iron powder having a carbon content of from 0.5-1 percent |
US4348490A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1982-09-07 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material |
US4363884A (en) * | 1980-03-17 | 1982-12-14 | Akebono Brake Industry Company, Ltd. | Friction material |
US4279696A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1981-07-21 | Armstrong World Industries, Inc. | Process for forming friction materials |
US4465796A (en) * | 1982-02-05 | 1984-08-14 | Valeo | Friction lining suitable for use in brakes, clutches and other applications |
US4415363A (en) * | 1982-05-03 | 1983-11-15 | The Bendix Corporation | Sintered iron base friction material |
US4563386A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1986-01-07 | Cercasbest Corp. | Friction element comprised of heat resistant heterogeneous thermosetting friction material |
US4665108A (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1987-05-12 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material using iron powder |
US4743635A (en) * | 1984-12-13 | 1988-05-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material and method of making such material |
US4944373A (en) * | 1988-06-03 | 1990-07-31 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Disc brake pad |
US4855336A (en) * | 1988-07-25 | 1989-08-08 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Friction material containing mill scale |
US5087642A (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1992-02-11 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
US5041471A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-08-20 | Braketech, Incorporated | Friction materials with universal core of non-asbestos fibers |
US5266395A (en) * | 1989-09-18 | 1993-11-30 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material for making brake pads |
US5083643A (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1992-01-28 | Abex Corporation | Noise abating brake shoe |
US5433774A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1995-07-18 | Miba Frictec Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Friction lining and process for the production thereof |
US5360587A (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1994-11-01 | Plastics Engineering Company | Preparation of friction elements and compositions therefor |
US5714525A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1998-02-03 | Plastics Enginerring Company | Preparation of friction elements and compositions therefor |
US5501728A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1996-03-26 | Brake Pro, Inc. | Friction material |
US6110991A (en) * | 1994-08-09 | 2000-08-29 | Sterling Chemicals, International, Inc. | Friction materials containing blends of organic fibrous and particulate components |
US5878849A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-03-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Ceramic metal composite brake components and manufacture thereof |
US5957251A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1999-09-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Brake or clutch components having a ceramic-metal composite friction material |
US6284815B1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 2001-09-04 | Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd. | Non-asbestos friction material |
US6143051A (en) * | 1996-09-17 | 2000-11-07 | A/S Roulunds Fabriker | Friction material, method of preparing same and friction lining |
US6220404B1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 2001-04-24 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Non-asbestos disc brake pad for automobiles |
US6596789B2 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2003-07-22 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6143622A (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-11-07 | Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. | Method for forming alignment mark |
US6413622B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2002-07-02 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6451872B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-09-17 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6617375B2 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2003-09-09 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction materials |
US6620860B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2003-09-16 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material |
US20020169231A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-11-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Friction material |
US6656240B2 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2003-12-02 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos friction material |
US20030026969A1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-02-06 | Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. | Non-asbestos-based friction materials |
US20040242432A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2004-12-02 | Seiji Suzuki | Friction material |
US20050004258A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-06 | Kazuhide Yamamoto | Friction material |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060151268A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2006-07-13 | Sunil Kesavan | Copper-free non-asbestos organic friction material |
US8808412B2 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2014-08-19 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools |
US20080072500A1 (en) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-27 | Klett Michael W | Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools |
US9586307B2 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2017-03-07 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Microfiber reinforcement for abrasive tools |
US20100084233A1 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2010-04-08 | Federal-Mogul Products, Inc. | Friction Material For Brakes |
US8172051B2 (en) | 2008-10-03 | 2012-05-08 | Federal-Mogul Products, Inc. | Friction material for brakes |
US9410591B2 (en) | 2009-06-01 | 2016-08-09 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member |
US9039825B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2015-05-26 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member |
US9086105B2 (en) | 2009-06-01 | 2015-07-21 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member |
US20120070680A1 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-03-22 | Mitsuo Unno | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member |
CN102352899A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-02-15 | 山东金麒麟集团有限公司 | Low-noise powder metallurgy brake pad and preparation method thereof |
CN103361031A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-10-23 | 李美凤 | Brake pad for flax fiber reinforced environmental-friendly car and preparation method thereof |
CN103644228A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-03-19 | 宁国飞鹰汽车零部件股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant brake pad and preparation method thereof |
CN103644232A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-03-19 | 重庆红宇摩擦制品有限公司 | Friction material prescription with function of reducing peristalsis noise |
EP3147531A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2017-03-29 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
US10233988B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-03-19 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd | Friction material |
US10690207B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2020-06-23 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd | Friction material |
US11092205B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2021-08-17 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
US11879513B2 (en) | 2015-09-23 | 2024-01-23 | Akebono Brake Industry Co., Ltd. | Friction material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1443237A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
JP2004231965A (en) | 2004-08-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9410591B2 (en) | Friction material composition, friction material using the same, and friction member | |
EP1681489B1 (en) | Braking element | |
JP4040552B2 (en) | Friction material | |
US7097009B2 (en) | Friction material configuration and method of manufacture for brake applications | |
US20040146702A1 (en) | Pure iron fiber based friction material product | |
KR20170087492A (en) | Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member using said friction material composition | |
US11155733B2 (en) | Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member each obtained using friction material composition | |
KR101098482B1 (en) | Friction material | |
JP2013185016A (en) | Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member using the friction material composition | |
JP2018131479A (en) | Friction material composition, friction material using friction material composition, and friction member | |
JP2018135446A (en) | Friction material composition | |
US20040140167A1 (en) | Brake friction material including titanium dioxide particles | |
JP2007056063A (en) | Stainless fibrous base material for friction material | |
JP4412475B2 (en) | Friction material | |
WO2016103972A1 (en) | Friction material composition, friction material using said friction material composition, and friction member | |
KR101035240B1 (en) | A low-steel type friction material and a brake for vehicle comprising the low-steel type friction material | |
JP6490941B2 (en) | Friction material composition, friction material and friction member | |
JP6629411B2 (en) | Friction material composition, friction material using friction material composition, and friction member | |
JP2005282738A (en) | Friction material for brake | |
US11187294B2 (en) | Friction member, friction material composition, friction material, and vehicle | |
JP6629412B2 (en) | Friction material composition, friction material using friction material composition, and friction member | |
JPH08135701A (en) | Brake lining | |
JP2016079249A (en) | Friction material composition, and friction material and friction member using the friction material composition | |
JP2020051438A (en) | Friction member, friction material composition, friction material and vehicle | |
JPH06306185A (en) | Friction material |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AKEBONO CORPORATION, MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHAO, XINMING;HAYASHI, HAJIME;REEL/FRAME:013720/0804;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030124 TO 20030128 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |