US20040124679A1 - Shape-changing support, such as for seating - Google Patents
Shape-changing support, such as for seating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040124679A1 US20040124679A1 US10/740,177 US74017703A US2004124679A1 US 20040124679 A1 US20040124679 A1 US 20040124679A1 US 74017703 A US74017703 A US 74017703A US 2004124679 A1 US2004124679 A1 US 2004124679A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- back shell
- pivot
- middle section
- energy mechanism
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
- A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
- A47C7/46—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs
- A47C7/462—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs adjustable by mechanical means
- A47C7/465—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs adjustable by mechanical means by pulling an elastic cable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
- A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
- A47C7/46—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs
- A47C7/462—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs adjustable by mechanical means
Abstract
A compliant back for a seating unit includes a rigid upright defining a track, and a flexible back shell configured to support a seated user's upper body, including a top pivot pivotally connected to a top section of the back shell and a pivot/slide member slidably connected to the track of the back shell. A biasing device is operably coupled to the pivot/slide member that biases the pivot/slide member toward a position where the flexible back shell protrudes forwardly to a shape chosen to optimally support a seated user.
Description
- This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/885,866, filed Jun. 20, 2001, entitled “SHAPE-CHANGING SUPPORT, SUCH AS FOR SEATING”. This application is also related to application Ser. No. 09/885,582, filed Jun. 20, 2001, entitled “COMPLIANT BACK FOR SEATING UNIT”.
- The present invention relates to seating units providing a shape-changing support for a seated user, and more particularly relates to a back having a flexible lumbar region and lumbar adjustment mechanism that constricts to change a shape of the lumbar region. However, the present invention is not believed to be limited to only backs.
- Many modern chairs often include a lumbar support placed on a front surface of a back support or integrated into a chair back. The lumbar support forms a new shape chosen to provide increased user comfort. Sometimes the lumbar supports are incorporated into the back, and sometimes they are made vertically adjustable. However, many of these constructions result in a back construction that is noticeably thick and heavy in appearance, which is undesirable in many chair designs. Further, it is preferable that the adjusting mechanism not merely be an extra device with multiple pieces assembled onto a back, but instead that it be well integrated into the back. Also, it is preferable that the adjustment device be multi-functional and provide more than just adjustment to the lumbar region of a back, and that it be durable, long-lasting, and low cost. Still further, it is preferable that any adjustable lumbar mechanism be easy to adjust and also intuitive to adjust and use, but that it use few pieces.
- Most chairs last a long time. It is desirable to provide an adjustable lumbar mechanism that can be sold as an option already installed on a seating unit, or that can be sold and installed after the original sale of the chair (i.e. field-installed), and/or that can be easily removed for cleaning and/or replacement, and yet that is secure and visually blends in well with the aesthetics and appearance of the chair.
- Accordingly, an apparatus is desired having the aforementioned advantages and solving the aforementioned disadvantages and problems.
- In one aspect of the present invention, a back construction for a seating unit comprises a back frame including a rigid upright having top and bottom connections. A flexible back shell is configured to support a seated user's upper body, including a pivot member pivotally connected to one of the top and bottom connections and a pivot/slide member slidably connected to the other of the top and bottom connections. A spring is operably coupled to a pivot/slide member that biases the pivot/slide member back shell toward a position where the flexible back shell protrudes forwardly for optimal lumbar support to a seated user.
- In another aspect of the present invention, a back construction for a seating unit comprises a back frame including a rigid upright having top and bottom connections. A flexible back shell is configured to support a seated user's upper body, the shell being pivotally attached to the back frame at the top connections and movably attached to the back frame at the bottom connection. An energy mechanism is positioned so as to operably act upon the back shell and cause the flexible back shell to protrude forwardly for lumbar support to a seated user.
- In yet another aspect of the present invention, a support apparatus comprises a shell having a front surface, and includes relatively stiff top and bottom sections separated by a flexible middle section, the middle section including edge strips connecting the top and bottom sections, the edge strips being made of a longitudinally stiff but bendable plastic. A horizontal cross section through the middle section is forwardly concave so that the front surface on a center area of the middle section is positioned rearward of the edge strips, and a vertical cross section through the middle section being forwardly convex so that the front surface on the center area of the middle section is forward of the top and bottom sections. An energy mechanism is positioned vertically on the front surface and across the center area and has top and bottom ends attached to the top and bottom sections. The energy mechanism is movable to a constricted position where the top and bottom ends are pulled toward each other causing the top, bottom, and center sections to move toward a first vertical shape; the energy mechanism being movable to a relaxed elongated position where the top and bottom ends are allowed to extend from each other causing the top, bottom, and center sections to move toward a different second vertical shape, whereby, by constricting and relaxing the energy mechanism, the shell is flexed between the first and second vertical shapes.
- These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present invention will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and appended drawings.
- FIGS.1-3 are front, side, and top views of a back construction including a flexible shell and a removable back covering incorporating an air bladder adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism being inflatable to cause a shape change in a lumbar region of the shell;
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of a bottom portion of the back shell and bladder in the circled area IV in FIG. 2, the back frame being removed for clarity;
- FIG. 5 is a front view of a back cover assembly including the adjustable lumbar support mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5A is a cross section taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 4, the air bladder being inflated and in an energized state;
- FIG. 5B is a cross section similar to FIG. 4A, but the air bladder being uninflated and in a relaxed state;
- FIGS. 5C and 5D are enlargements of the circled areas VC and VD in FIGS. 5A and 5B;
- FIGS. 6 and 6A are front and side views of a modified back construction including a permanently-attached inflated/energized lumbar adjustment mechanism;
- FIG. 6B is a side view similar to FIG. 6A, but with the bladder deflated;
- FIGS.7-8 are perspective and side views of another modified back construction including a permanently-attached inflated/energized lumbar adjustment mechanism.
- FIG. 9 is a side view similar to FIG. 8, but with the bladder deflated;
- FIG. 9A is a fragmentary perspective view of an inside of the rear upright showing details of the slide mechanism in FIGS.7-9; and
- FIGS.10-12 are views of another modified back construction, the views of FIGS. 10-12 being similar to FIGS. 7-9 above.
- The present illustrated back construction20 (FIG. 1) is usable in the environment of an office chair having a castored spider-legged base, a seat, and an underseat control for pivoting the
back 20 and seat with a synchronous motion upon recline of theback 20. A more detailed description of one such chair can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, issued Nov. 2, 1999, entitled CHAIR INCLUDING NOVEL BACK CONSTRUCTION, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Nonetheless, it should be understood that the present invention is contemplated to be adaptable for any seating unit or other furniture utilizing a flexible support. - The illustrated
back 20 of FIG. 1 includes anarching back frame 25, and a sheet-like flexibleplastic back shell 26 pivotally attached to theback frame 25 at top andbottom locations 33 and 34 (FIG. 2). The general operation and interaction ofback shell 26 andback frame 25 are described below in sufficient detail for an understanding of the present invention, but details can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, if the reader desires this information. - The back shell26 (FIG. 1) has a “potato chip” like shape, with its front surface having a horizontal cross section that is forwardly concave, and a vertical cross section that is forwardly convex. The
back shell 26 has a flexiblelumbar region 27 connecting stiff thoracic andpelvic regions lumbar region 27 includes a pair ofvertical edge strips strips 32 separated by slots extending between theedge strips back shell 26, and includes forwardly extendingflanges 36 that define thebottom pivots 34. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, a biasing device is provided on the lower pivot to bias the lumbar region forwardly. In the present construction, a muscle-like air bladder energy mechanism is provided in acover assembly 37, as described below, for changing a shape of thelumbar region 27 of theback shell 26. - The cover assembly37 (FIG. 5) includes a sock-like
top section 38 sewn of upholstery or fabric to define a downwardly-facingpocket 38′ that fits mateably over a top edge of the back shell 26 (FIG. 1) and onto thethoracic region 28. Acenter section 39 of thecover assembly 37 extends downwardly over a center area of the lumbar andpelvic regions stiff strip 40 is sewn along a bottom edge of thecenter section 39, and is shaped to fit mateably into arecess 41′ (FIG. 4) in a bottom edge of theback shell 26 with a zipper-like motion, where it is frictionally retained. Fasteners can be used for additional retainment, if desired. It is contemplated that other releasable or permanent top and bottom attachment devices can also be used. - A
constrictable energy mechanism 39′ in the form of a pleated bladder is attached to the center section 39 (FIG. 5). Theenergy mechanism 39′ extends vertically downwardly onto a front panel of thetop section 38. Theenergy mechanism 39′ comprises a laminate (see FIGS. 5C and 5D) with a non-stretchable firstinner layer 41 providing strength and flexibility (such as nylon fiber, woven fabric, or the like), and second andthird layers bladder 45 having horizontal cavities 46 (also called “sub-bladders”) for receiving air (or other fluid). (It is noted that instead of horizontal cavities, the cavities can be round, oval, or other shapes.) As illustrated, afourth layer 44 similar tolayer 41 is provided. It is contemplated that a variety of different materials can be used to form the bladder, and further, that different inflating fluids can be used other than air. - In the illustrated arrangement, the first and
fourth layers third layers sub-bladders 46 between the pleats. The sub-bladders 46 are connected at edges by air-communicatingedge passages 48. Anair line 49 is attached to thebladder 45, and ahand pump 50 is attached to theair line 49. Thepump 50 can be located at different locations. As illustrated, the pump 50 (FIG. 6A) is located along a side of the seat 23, but it could also be located under anarmrest 51 of the chair, under the seat 23, on the back 20 such as at a bottom or at a top in a headrest area, on a base of the chair, or at other locations. Theair pump 50 includes a flexiblebulbous member 51 that can be repeatedly manually squeezed to pump air through theline 49 into thebladder 45, and further includes avalve 52 that can be opened to release air from the bladder throughline 49 to atmosphere. It is contemplated that a powered air pump, such as a battery-powered pump, could be used instead of a manual pump. Further, a flowable fluid other than air could be used, such as a liquid pumped from a container under the seat. - When deflated or uninflated (see FIGS. 5A and 5C), the illustrated
energy mechanism 39′ has a thickness of about 5 mm, and thepleats 47 are spaced vertically apart about 15 mm to 20 mm, or more preferably about 19 mm apart. When inflated, each sub-bladder 46 expands from its “linear” shape toward a cylindrical horizontal shape (see FIGS. 5B and 5D), such that a gross vertical length of thecover assembly 37 shortens. If theback shell 26 had a flat horizontal cross section, this shortening of the bladder would cause theback shell 26 to bend toward a more planar condition. However, since the edge strips 30 and 31 of theback shell 26 are forward of the sub-bladders 46, the illustrated backshell 26 actually flexes toward a more curvilinear shape as the sub-bladders 46 are inflated. (Compare FIG. 5A, which has a deep concave shape shown by dimension T1, and FIG. 5B, which has a shallower concave shape shown by dimension T2.) Notably, the total surface length of the outer andinner layers bladder 45 is inflated, it reacts much like a human muscle and shortens. For example, the spacing betweenpleats 47 changes from a dimension “X” of about 19 mm (FIG. 5D) to a vertical spacing of about 13 to 15 mm (dimension “Y”, FIG. 5C) (depending on the amount of air pumped into the bladder 45). - To operate the present invention, the chair21 is originally provided with the
air bladder 45 not inflated. In this condition, theback shell 26 has a predetermined curved shape, as determined by parameters of the chair 21. Thecover assembly 37 lies generally flat against theback shell 26 and provides a small amount of comfort on a front of the back shell to a seated user. As air is pumped into thebladder 45, the sub-bladders 46 begin to inflate. This causes thebladder 45 to shorten in a length direction. In turn, theback shell 26 is stressed as thebladder 45 shortens and the edge strips 30 and 31 resist shortening. This causes theback shell 26 to change its shape and flex toward a more curved shape. Also, the air provides some additional cushioned support to a seated user. When air is released from thebladder 45, the process is reversed, and theback shell 26 moves toward a more linear shape (which is closer to its natural unstressed shape). It is noted that theback shell 26 can be made with enough internal strength to flex toward the relaxed convex shape as shown in FIG. 5A. Alternatively, a biasing device (such as is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, previously incorporated by reference) can be used to assist in biasing the back shell to its forwardly convex shape. It is noted that the illustratedbladder 45 acts both to bias theback shell 26 to a more concave shape, but also combines with theback shell 26 to act like (and produce lumbar support forces similar to) a stiffer back shell (26) (e.g. a back shell made of stiffer material or made with a thicker dimension). - It is noted that the air in
bladder 45 provides both an energizing system, and also a cushioning action for supporting a seated user. This multi-functional use has advantages in terms of comfort to a seated user. If the air is heated, the air bladder has further functional benefits. It is noted that a liquid can be used instead of air, if desired. In such case, the liquid could be stored in a reservoir anywhere on the chair, such as under the seat, in an armrest, in the back, or in the base of the chair. - By controlling the vertical spacing of the
pleats 47, the operation of flexing thelumbar region 27 is greatly affected. For example, closer vertical spacing of thepleats 47 results in acover assembly 37 that does not shorten as much as it is filled with air. In turn, closer spacing of thepleats 47 results in a lumbar adjustment mechanism that is not able to make as great of a change to the shape of thelumbar region 27. Also, the back shell itself can be given different original concave shapes. Thus, the combined system of the back shell and the cover assembly is important to overall operation. It is contemplated that thebladder 45 could also be positioned horizontally, instead of vertically, such that its operation causes a horizontal shape change. Still further, a horizontal bladder and a vertical bladder (and/or an angled bladder) can be overlaid or used together to control the back shape in all directions, or the sub-bladder shapes can be dome-shaped, elongated but nonlinear (e.g. L-shaped or Z-shaped), elongated in multiple directions (e.g. X-shaped or Y-shaped), or any other shape desired. - A modified back
construction 20A is shown in FIGS. 6-6B, a second modified backconstruction 20B is shown in FIGS. 7-9 onchair 21B, and a third modified backconstruction 20C is shown in FIGS. 10-12. In these embodiments, all similar or identical features and components are identified using the same number as used inback construction 20, but with the addition of a letter “A”, “B”, or “C”. This is intended to reduce redundant discussion, and not for another purpose. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that principles discussed in regard to each embodiment will apply to the other embodiments. - The modified back
construction 20A (FIG. 6) includes aback shell 26A, a bladder 45A permanently attached to theback shell 26A, and upholstery (not specifically shown) attached over the bladder 45A andback shell 26A to aesthetically cover the same. More specifically, the bladder 45A includes top and bottomstiff edge sections rivets pleats 47A subdividing it into sub-bladders 46A. The remaining components and operation are identical to or very similar to theback construction 20, and thus the details will not be repeated to avoid unnecessary repetition. - Another modified back
construction 20B (FIG. 8) is shown as part of achair 21B having a castored spider-legged base 22B, aseat 23B, theback construction 20B, and anunderseat control 24B for pivoting the back 20B andseat 23B with a synchronous motion upon recline of the back 20B. Inchair 21B, theback construction 20B includes aback frame 25B pivoted to thebase 22B under theseat 23B atpivot location 24B′ for reclining movement. A biasing device, such as a torsion spring, is attached at thepivot location 24B′. Aflexible back shell 26B is pivotally attached to a top of theback frame 25B, but is slidably supported at its lower edge by aslide member 59B on a lower portion of theback frame 25B. When inflated, thebladder 45B causes theback shell 26B to flex from its semi-linear shape (FIG. 9) toward a more curved shape (FIG. 8), causing theslide member 59B to slide upwardly along theback frame 25B. The back frame (or upright) 25B includes avertical slot 60B and afollower 61B attached to a bottom edge of theback shell 26B is slidably coupled to theslot 60B. Top and bottom ends of theslot 60B limit flexing of theback shell 26B by engaging thefollower 61B as theback shell 26B is flexed. Aspring 72B is attached between thefollower 61B and thetop pivot connection 73B on a top of theback frame 25B. Thespring 72B compliments leaf-spring-like edge strips 30B and 31B to cause theback shell 26B to naturally move toward a curved shape. -
Back construction 20B′ (FIG. 9A) replaces theslot 60B andfollower 61B with a channel/track 63B′ formed on an inside of the upright backframe 25B′, and anelongated follower 64B′ that rides in the channel/track 63B′.Straps 65B′ hold thefollower 64B′ in the channel/track 63B′, and also act as upper and lower limits as the shell-attachment brackets 66B′ engages them. - Back
construction 20C (FIG. 11) is similar to theback construction 20B (FIG. 8), exceptback construction 20C has a one-piece member 69C with a rigid L-shaped backframe 25C coupled to theback shell 26C by aliving hinge 70C. Also, ahook 71C can be provided on the lower leg of the L-shaped backframe 25C. Optionally,hook 71C is designed to hookingly engage a flat member, such as a bench or bleacher seat in a football stadium. - It is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made on the aforementioned structure without departing from the concepts of the present invention, and further it is to be understood that such concepts are intended to be covered by the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise.
Claims (6)
1. A back construction for a seating unit comprising:
a back frame including a rigid upright having top and bottom connections;
a flexible back shell configured to support a seated user's upper body, including a pivot member pivotally connected to one of the top and bottom connections and a pivot/slide member slidably connected to the other of the top and bottom connections; and
a spring operably coupled to a pivot/slide member that biases the pivot/slide member back shell toward a position where the flexible back shell protrudes forwardly for optimal lumbar support to a seated user.
2. A back construction for a seating unit comprising:
a back frame including a rigid upright having top and bottom connections;
a flexible back shell configured to support a seated user's upper body, the shell being pivotally attached to the back frame at the top connections and movably attached to the back frame at the bottom connection; and
an energy mechanism being positioned so as to operably act upon the back shell and cause the flexible back shell to protrude forwardly for lumbar support to a seated user.
3. The back construction defined in claim 2 , wherein the bottom connection includes a sliding connector.
4. The back construction defined in claim 2 , wherein the energy mechanism includes one of a spring and bladder.
5. A support apparatus comprising:
a shell having a front surface, and including relatively stiff top and bottom sections separated by a flexible middle section, the middle section including edge strips connecting the top and bottom sections, the edge strips being made of a longitudinally stiff but bendable plastic;
a horizontal cross section through the middle section being forwardly concave so that the front surface on a center area of the middle section is positioned rearward of the edge strips, and a vertical cross section through the middle section being forwardly convex so that the front surface on the center area of the middle section is forward of the top and bottom sections;
an energy mechanism positioned vertically on the front surface and across the center area and having top and bottom ends attached to the top and bottom sections; the energy mechanism being movable to a constricted position where the top and bottom ends are pulled toward each other causing the top, bottom, and center sections to move toward a first vertical shape; the energy mechanism being movable to a relaxed elongated position where the top and bottom ends are allowed to extend from each other causing the top, bottom, and center sections to move toward a different second vertical shape;
whereby, by constricting and relaxing the energy mechanism, the shell is flexed between the first and second vertical shapes.
6. The support apparatus defined in claim 5 , wherein the first vertical shape is a more curved vertical shape and the second vertical shape is a more planar vertical shape.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/740,177 US20040124679A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-12-18 | Shape-changing support, such as for seating |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US88586601A | 2001-06-20 | 2001-06-20 | |
US10/740,177 US20040124679A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-12-18 | Shape-changing support, such as for seating |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US88586601A Continuation | 2001-06-20 | 2001-06-20 |
Publications (1)
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US20040124679A1 true US20040124679A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
Family
ID=32655819
Family Applications (1)
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US10/740,177 Abandoned US20040124679A1 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-12-18 | Shape-changing support, such as for seating |
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Cited By (22)
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US20030178882A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-09-25 | Schmitz Johann Burkhard | Back support structure |
US20050006939A1 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2005-01-13 | Hancock Robert L. | Vehicle seat having an electronic control system |
US20050146195A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-07-07 | Machael Jay R. | Chair back rest with improved resilience and support |
US20050179290A1 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2005-08-18 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Automotive seat with active back |
EP1905326A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-02 | Sunrise Medical HHG Inc. | Shapeable wheelchair seatback assembly |
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US20100121377A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-13 | Held Pamela T | Lumbar support device |
USD637423S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-05-10 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
USD639091S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-06-07 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Backrest |
USD650206S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-12-13 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
USD652657S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2012-01-24 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
USD653061S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2012-01-31 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
USD657166S1 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2012-04-10 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Chair |
US20120212024A1 (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-23 | Hsueh-Sheng Hsiao | Pad structure for a chair back |
US8449037B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2013-05-28 | Herman Miller, Inc. | Seating structure with a contoured flexible backrest |
US9004597B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2015-04-14 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair back mechanism and control assembly |
US9596941B1 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-03-21 | Office Master Inc. | Chair back with height and lumbar adjustment |
CN107839551A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-27 | 福特全球技术公司 | With the air bag for stacking air chamber system |
US20180289164A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-10-11 | James E. Grove | Adjustable back support assembly for the back of a chair |
US10299602B2 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2019-05-28 | Yao-Chuan Wu | Chair |
US11229294B2 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2022-01-25 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair assembly with upholstery covering |
US11304528B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2022-04-19 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair assembly with upholstery covering |
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