US20040089707A1 - Multi-frequency identification device - Google Patents
Multi-frequency identification device Download PDFInfo
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- US20040089707A1 US20040089707A1 US10/636,732 US63673203A US2004089707A1 US 20040089707 A1 US20040089707 A1 US 20040089707A1 US 63673203 A US63673203 A US 63673203A US 2004089707 A1 US2004089707 A1 US 2004089707A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
- G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
- G06K19/07766—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement
- G06K19/07767—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card comprising at least a second communication arrangement in addition to a first non-contact communication arrangement the first and second communication means being two different antennas types, e.g. dipole and coil type, or two antennas of the same kind but operating at different frequencies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
- G06K19/0724—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being a circuit for communicating at a plurality of frequencies, e.g. for managing time multiplexed communication over at least two antennas of different types
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to transponders and methods of using transponders, and specifically to passive radio frequency identification devices and methods of using radio frequency identification devices.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-frequency, or frequency-independent identification device 100 of the multi-frequency identification device, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates 915 MHz system 105 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates 13.56 MHz system 110 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method of use 400 for the multi-frequency identification system, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Passive transponder systems have no power supply within the transponder, and are considerably less expensive than active transponders which contain other components, including a battery for power.
- the passive transponder is powered by an electromagnetic field of the reader.
- a single internal antenna of the transponder is used for both data transmission and energy transmission between the reader and the transponder, using the same frequency for the data and energy transmission.
- passive transponder systems are capable of “read only” or “read/write” memories, and are thus often used to perform read and write cycles.
- Passive transponder systems may have multiple transmission channels, and the same frequency (e.g., 125 KHz or 13.56 MHz) is generally used for all transmissions.
- the maximum read/write distance of these systems is limited by the limits of data transmission and energy transmission.
- the energy transmission channel usually has the same frequency as the data transmission because the energy and the data are transmitted simultaneously. For example, the write channel and the energy transmission channel can use the same frequency.
- Ultra high frequency systems using a frequency of 915 MHz, provide a read distance that is longer than low 125 KHz or high 13.56 MHz frequencies (e.g., 5 meters v. a few feet).
- High frequency 13.56 MHz systems offer the security of limited broadcast range when writing sensitive data to a transponder memory.
- Low and high frequency systems also allow greater field penetration of fluid-containing objects, such as the human body, while ultra-high frequencies are generally blocked by these objects.
- the present invention includes a radio frequency identification device that uses different operating frequencies (e.g., the most effective frequencies for different types of transmissions) in one identification device, thereby combining the respective advantages of each frequency.
- one frequency e.g., a frequency such as 868 MHz or 915 MHz to 2.45 GHz
- another frequency e.g., a low frequency such as 125 kHz
- one frequency is used for reading information received from the identification device
- another frequency is used for writing to the identification device.
- the identification device utilizes one antenna for all frequencies. In another embodiment, the identification device utilizes two or more antennas for different frequencies, and one common memory. In other embodiments, one or two digital parts, one or two analog parts, and one or two antennas can be used in conjunction.
- the present invention utilizes the advantages of a device (e.g., a semiconductor chip) that is frequency-independent.
- a device e.g., a semiconductor chip
- all transponder functions such as encode/decode, modulate/demodulate, digital and analog functions, and memory, are embodied in this single device or chip. However, these functions can also be embodied in multiple chips.
- the present invention combines the secure and proximity features of 13.56 MHz with the long read range feature of 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz. In an additional embodiment, it is possible to utilize different security levels on different channels.
- the present invention integrates two high frequency (HF) or two ultra-high frequency (UHF) interfaces on one chip. These two interfaces are connected to two different antennas. Each antenna is tuned to its ideal working frequency.
- HF high frequency
- UHF ultra-high frequency
- one digital part of the chip is provided that has an ability to communicate via two HF channels through two antennas. Both channels handle the data coming from the same memory. The chip detects which field the transmission is in and automatically switches the communication to the active channel.
- FIG. 1 illustrates multi-frequency identification device 100 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- An example of a use of the present invention is vehicle registration. This example is used merely to illustrate the architectural overview of the present invention. Those experienced in the relevant art(s) will see that multiple other embodiments and uses are possible.
- Electronic vehicle registration allows integration of a passive identification device into a license plate (e.g., on the license plate or on a sticker on the license plate) of a vehicle.
- a passive identification device e.g., on the license plate or on a sticker on the license plate
- the multi-frequency identification device 100 comprises: a base layer; and at least one radio frequency device comprising at least one chip and at least one antenna disposed on the at least one base layer, wherein the at least one antenna is in electrical communication with the at least one chip.
- the chip can be a frequency-independent chip. In this case, a single manufactured silicon chip, when properly connected and matched to an appropriate antenna, will operate at any of the relevant frequencies assigned for identification devices.
- the chip can also be a one-frequency or multi-frequency chip. In these cases, the chip is uniquely designed and characterized to operate with a specific antenna at one or a few specific frequencies.
- the multi-frequency identification device 100 is a radio frequency system that comprises an analog control unit 101 , which is a dual interface with the combination of two frequencies: a 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz system 105 ; and a 13.56 MHz system 110 .
- the 915 MHz system 105 is used, for example, for a reading data function that enables speed.
- the 915 MHz system 105 includes a dipole antenna 106 .
- the 13.56 MHz system 110 is used, for example, for the writing (personalization) of the identification information for the vehicle having the license plate.
- the 13.56 MHz system 110 includes a coil antenna 107 (i.e., a wound spiral of insulated wire).
- the multi-frequency identification device 100 also includes a digital control unit 115 and memory 120 .
- the analog control unit 101 is a device or circuit that is continuously varying in signal strength or quantity, rather than based on discrete units, such as the binary digits 1 and 2.
- the digital control unit 115 is a device or circuit that is based on discrete units, such as binary digits 1 and 0.
- FIG. 2 illustrates 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz system 105 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the 915 MHz system 105 comprises: AC/DC converter 205 , power supply control unit 210 , instruction sequencer 215 , and memory 220 .
- An AC/DC converter 205 is a device that receives an alternating current (AC) and converts it to direct current (DC).
- a power supply control 210 is a device which regulates voltage and current to protect an apparatus from power surges and low power.
- An instruction sequencer 215 is a device that queues instructions to be sent to a chip's internal memory.
- EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) memory 220 stores data.
- the analog control unit, the digital control unit, and memory units comprise a single integrated circuit chip (e.g., the RFID chip manufactured by SCS Corporation, San Diego, Calif.).
- FIG. 3 illustrates 13.56 MHz system 110 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 13.56 MHz system 110 comprises: a modulator 305 , an AC/DC converter 310 , a codifier 325 , a decoder 315 , a power supply control unit 320 , an instruction sequencer 330 , a security administrator 335 , a cryptographic block 340 , and memory 345 .
- a modulator 305 is a device that receives baseband signals from an antenna.
- An AC/DC converter 310 is a device that receives an alternating current (AC) and converts it to direct current (DC).
- a codifier 325 is a device for encoding information received so that it may be utilized by another device or protocol.
- a decoder 315 is a device that decodes information from the encoder output so it may be used by another device or display.
- a power supply control 320 is a device which regulates voltage and current to protect an apparatus from power surges and low power.
- An instruction sequencer 330 is a device that queues instructions to be sent to a chip's internal memory.
- a security administrator 335 is a device that checks and validates the cryptographic keys that will be sent to the cryptographic block.
- a cryptographic block 340 is a device that stores the security keys. These keys are checked and validated to grant or deny access to the memory chip.
- EEPROM memory 345 stores data.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method of use 400 for the multi-frequency identification device 100 , according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a first transmission at frequency 915 MHz takes place.
- the antenna 106 of the 915 MHz system 105 receives the first transmission.
- the antenna 106 of the 915 MHz system 105 which is embedded on the vehicle license plate, receives the transmission from the reader.
- the first transmission powers the multi-frequency identification device.
- the reader's transmission powers the multi-frequency identification device on the license plate.
- a second transmission at frequency 13.56 MHz takes place.
- the antenna 107 of the 13.56 MHz system 110 receives the second transmission.
- the antenna 107 of the 13.56 MHz system receives information (e.g., authorization to pass a border) from the reader/writer and stores it.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to provisional U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/401,762 filed Aug. 8, 2002.
- This application incorporates by reference provisional U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/401,762 filed Aug. 8, 2002; provisional U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/394,241 filed Jul. 9, 2002 and the corresponding utility U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/615,026, filed Jul. 9, 2003; provisional U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/428,257 filed Nov. 22, 2002; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/118,092 filed Apr. 9, 2002; PCT Patent Application PCT/IB02/01439, filed Apr. 30, 2002; German Patent Application No. 10121126.0 filed Apr. 30, 2001; and Mexican Patent Application No. 010967 filed Oct. 26, 2001; No. 010968 filed Oct. 26, 2001; No. 010969 filed Oct. 26, 2001; No. 010971 filed Oct. 26, 2001; No. 003141 filed Mar. 25, 2002; No. 003202 filed Mar. 26, 2002; No. 004371 filed Apr. 30, 2002; No. 010364 filed Oct. 18, 2002; No. 010364 filed Oct. 18, 2002; No. 100365 filed Oct. 18, 2002; No. 010366 filed Oct. 18, 2002; and 00354 filed Dec. 16, 2002.
- Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates generally to transponders and methods of using transponders, and specifically to passive radio frequency identification devices and methods of using radio frequency identification devices.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-frequency, or frequency-
independent identification device 100 of the multi-frequency identification device, according to one embodiment of the present invention. - FIG. 2 illustrates 915
MHz system 105, according to one embodiment of the present invention. - FIG. 3 illustrates 13.56
MHz system 110, according to one embodiment of the present invention. - FIG. 4 illustrates a method of
use 400 for the multi-frequency identification system, according to one embodiment of the present invention. - Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the Figures in which like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
- Passive transponder systems are used worldwide for many identification purposes. Standard frequencies are generally 125 kHz (low frequency) and 13.56 MHz (high frequency). Additionally, new frequencies in the range of 900 MHz (ultra-high frequency or UHF) (e.g., 915 MHz for USA, 868 MHz for Europe), and 2.45 GHz (microwave frequency) are also used.
- Passive transponder systems have no power supply within the transponder, and are considerably less expensive than active transponders which contain other components, including a battery for power. The passive transponder is powered by an electromagnetic field of the reader. Typically a single internal antenna of the transponder is used for both data transmission and energy transmission between the reader and the transponder, using the same frequency for the data and energy transmission.
- In addition, passive transponder systems are capable of “read only” or “read/write” memories, and are thus often used to perform read and write cycles.
- Passive transponder systems may have multiple transmission channels, and the same frequency (e.g., 125 KHz or 13.56 MHz) is generally used for all transmissions. The maximum read/write distance of these systems is limited by the limits of data transmission and energy transmission. The energy transmission channel usually has the same frequency as the data transmission because the energy and the data are transmitted simultaneously. For example, the write channel and the energy transmission channel can use the same frequency.
- Depending upon application requirements, certain operating frequencies offer advantages over other frequencies. Ultra high frequency systems, using a frequency of 915 MHz, provide a read distance that is longer than low 125 KHz or high 13.56 MHz frequencies (e.g., 5 meters v. a few feet). High frequency 13.56 MHz systems offer the security of limited broadcast range when writing sensitive data to a transponder memory. Low and high frequency systems also allow greater field penetration of fluid-containing objects, such as the human body, while ultra-high frequencies are generally blocked by these objects.
- The present invention includes a radio frequency identification device that uses different operating frequencies (e.g., the most effective frequencies for different types of transmissions) in one identification device, thereby combining the respective advantages of each frequency. In one embodiment of the present invention, one frequency (e.g., a frequency such as 868 MHz or 915 MHz to 2.45 GHz) is used for data transmission, and another frequency (e.g., a low frequency such as 125 kHz) is used for proximity detection, such as in an electronic article surveillance device. In another embodiment, one frequency is used for reading information received from the identification device, and another frequency is used for writing to the identification device.
- In one embodiment, the identification device utilizes one antenna for all frequencies. In another embodiment, the identification device utilizes two or more antennas for different frequencies, and one common memory. In other embodiments, one or two digital parts, one or two analog parts, and one or two antennas can be used in conjunction.
- The present invention utilizes the advantages of a device (e.g., a semiconductor chip) that is frequency-independent. In one embodiment, all transponder functions, such as encode/decode, modulate/demodulate, digital and analog functions, and memory, are embodied in this single device or chip. However, these functions can also be embodied in multiple chips. In one embodiment, the present invention combines the secure and proximity features of 13.56 MHz with the long read range feature of 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz. In an additional embodiment, it is possible to utilize different security levels on different channels.
- In another embodiment, the present invention integrates two high frequency (HF) or two ultra-high frequency (UHF) interfaces on one chip. These two interfaces are connected to two different antennas. Each antenna is tuned to its ideal working frequency. Thus, for example, one digital part of the chip is provided that has an ability to communicate via two HF channels through two antennas. Both channels handle the data coming from the same memory. The chip detects which field the transmission is in and automatically switches the communication to the active channel.
- In other embodiments of the present invention (e.g., for multi application systems), different memory areas are used for the different frequency channels.
- Multi-Frequency Identification Device
- FIG. 1 illustrates
multi-frequency identification device 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention. An example of a use of the present invention is vehicle registration. This example is used merely to illustrate the architectural overview of the present invention. Those experienced in the relevant art(s) will see that multiple other embodiments and uses are possible. - Electronic vehicle registration allows integration of a passive identification device into a license plate (e.g., on the license plate or on a sticker on the license plate) of a vehicle. To identify the vehicle on the road using the identification device, in some embodiments, it is preferable to have a read distance of more than 3 meters, which can be only achieved with an ultra-high frequency (e.g., 915 MHz) system.
- For the write cycle to program the license plate, however, a shorter distance is sufficient, because the write cycle is typically performed only by local authorities in a nearby office. The write cycle, using 13.56 MHz, will be more secure than the read cycle in order to prevent illegal changing of the data.
- The
multi-frequency identification device 100 comprises: a base layer; and at least one radio frequency device comprising at least one chip and at least one antenna disposed on the at least one base layer, wherein the at least one antenna is in electrical communication with the at least one chip. In one embodiment, the chip can be a frequency-independent chip. In this case, a single manufactured silicon chip, when properly connected and matched to an appropriate antenna, will operate at any of the relevant frequencies assigned for identification devices. In other embodiments, the chip can also be a one-frequency or multi-frequency chip. In these cases, the chip is uniquely designed and characterized to operate with a specific antenna at one or a few specific frequencies. - In one embodiment, the
multi-frequency identification device 100 is a radio frequency system that comprises ananalog control unit 101, which is a dual interface with the combination of two frequencies: a 915 MHz or 2.45GHz system 105; and a 13.56MHz system 110. The 915MHz system 105 is used, for example, for a reading data function that enables speed. In one embodiment, the 915MHz system 105 includes adipole antenna 106. The 13.56MHz system 110 is used, for example, for the writing (personalization) of the identification information for the vehicle having the license plate. In one embodiment, the 13.56MHz system 110 includes a coil antenna 107 (i.e., a wound spiral of insulated wire). - The
multi-frequency identification device 100 also includes adigital control unit 115 andmemory 120. Theanalog control unit 101 is a device or circuit that is continuously varying in signal strength or quantity, rather than based on discrete units, such as the binary digits 1 and 2. Thedigital control unit 115 is a device or circuit that is based on discrete units, such as binary digits 1 and 0. - FIG. 2 illustrates 915 MHz or 2.45
GHz system 105, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The 915MHz system 105 comprises: AC/DC converter 205, powersupply control unit 210,instruction sequencer 215, andmemory 220. An AC/DC converter 205 is a device that receives an alternating current (AC) and converts it to direct current (DC). Apower supply control 210 is a device which regulates voltage and current to protect an apparatus from power surges and low power. Aninstruction sequencer 215 is a device that queues instructions to be sent to a chip's internal memory. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)memory 220 stores data. In one embodiment, the analog control unit, the digital control unit, and memory units comprise a single integrated circuit chip (e.g., the RFID chip manufactured by SCS Corporation, San Diego, Calif.). - FIG. 3 illustrates 13.56
MHz system 110, according to one embodiment of the present invention. 13.56MHz system 110 comprises: amodulator 305, an AC/DC converter 310, acodifier 325, adecoder 315, a powersupply control unit 320, aninstruction sequencer 330, asecurity administrator 335, acryptographic block 340, andmemory 345. Amodulator 305 is a device that receives baseband signals from an antenna. An AC/DC converter 310 is a device that receives an alternating current (AC) and converts it to direct current (DC). Acodifier 325 is a device for encoding information received so that it may be utilized by another device or protocol. Adecoder 315 is a device that decodes information from the encoder output so it may be used by another device or display. Apower supply control 320 is a device which regulates voltage and current to protect an apparatus from power surges and low power. Aninstruction sequencer 330 is a device that queues instructions to be sent to a chip's internal memory. Asecurity administrator 335 is a device that checks and validates the cryptographic keys that will be sent to the cryptographic block. Acryptographic block 340 is a device that stores the security keys. These keys are checked and validated to grant or deny access to the memory chip.EEPROM memory 345 stores data. - Method of Using Multi-Frequency Identification Device
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method of
use 400 for themulti-frequency identification device 100, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Instep 405, a first transmission atfrequency 915 MHz takes place. Thus, for example, when a vehicle approaches a reader, the first transmission takes place. Instep 410, theantenna 106 of the 915MHz system 105 receives the first transmission. Thus, for example, theantenna 106 of the 915MHz system 105, which is embedded on the vehicle license plate, receives the transmission from the reader. Instep 415, the first transmission powers the multi-frequency identification device. Thus, for example, the reader's transmission powers the multi-frequency identification device on the license plate. In step 420 (e.g., when the vehicle is closer to the reader), a second transmission at frequency 13.56 MHz takes place. Thus, for example, when a vehicle approaches a reader, the second transmission takes place. Instep 425, theantenna 107 of the 13.56MHz system 110 receives the second transmission. Thus, for example, theantenna 107 of the 13.56 MHz system receives information (e.g., authorization to pass a border) from the reader/writer and stores it. - The present invention is described in terms of the above embodiments. This is for convenience only and is not intended to limit the application of the present invention. In fact, after reading the description of the present invention, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant arts how to implement the present invention in alternative embodiments.
- In addition, it should be understood that the Figures described above, which highlight the functionality and advantages of the present invention, are presented for example purposes only. The architecture of the present invention is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown in the Figures.
Claims (36)
Priority Applications (3)
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US12/192,903 USRE43355E1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2008-08-15 | Multi-frequency identification device |
US13/467,034 USRE44691E1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2012-05-08 | Multi-frequency identification device |
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FR2901041A1 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-11-16 | Eric Heurtier | LABEL INTEGRATING RF ANTENNA ANTENNA AND UHF RFID CARRIER |
US20080001752A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-01-03 | Skyetek, Inc. | System and method for securing rfid tags |
US20080022160A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-01-24 | Skyetek, Inc. | Malware scanner for rfid tags |
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Also Published As
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CA2494175A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
MXPA05001550A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
USRE43355E1 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
AU2003253210A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US7091860B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
CA2494175C (en) | 2008-10-28 |
WO2004015625A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
USRE44691E1 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
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