US20030209426A1 - Insulating lid for aluminum production cells - Google Patents
Insulating lid for aluminum production cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030209426A1 US20030209426A1 US10/461,695 US46169503A US2003209426A1 US 20030209426 A1 US20030209426 A1 US 20030209426A1 US 46169503 A US46169503 A US 46169503A US 2003209426 A1 US2003209426 A1 US 2003209426A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fluoride
- production cell
- aluminum production
- insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 sodium aluminum tetrafluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aluminum production cells and, more particularly, relates to insulating lids for aluminum production cells having inert anodes.
- an inert anode cell will generate less heat due to a high decomposition potential.
- Control of the cell temperature is crucial because the alumina saturation level of the bath is proportional to the bath temperature. Temperature control is also crucial to the formation and stability of the protection layer of frozen bath or ledge along the sidewalls of the cell.
- this ledge prevents horizontal electrical currents between the anode and cathode as well as protecting the sidewall lining material from erosion.
- this ledge may also protect the inert anodes from reduction by carbonaceous material of the cell lining.
- the present invention improves the operating stability of an inert anode aluminum production cell by controlling the heat loss through a top insulating cover.
- the top cover is the primary area that heat loss can be regulated during normal operation.
- Reduction in heat loss is preferably obtained by utilizing a multiple layer insulation system on top of the inert anodes.
- the initial layer of insulation preferably comprises fabricated blocks of a cryolite and alumina mixture. These blocks, which are resistant to attack from the bath fumes, may shield and support subsequent layers of high temperature insulation.
- a semi-gas-tight barrier may be created by filling voids between the blocks with loose refractory material, such as coarse tabular alumina choked by a smaller particle size alumina material.
- the heat balance of the cell may be maintained, e.g., by adding or removing layers of insulation from the top of the cell.
- An additional application for the preformed insulating blocks of the present invention is during startup of an inert anode cell.
- the blocks may be used as an inner sidewall between a carbon cell lining and the anodes.
- This inert lining provides horizontal electrical insulation and protect the anodes from carbothermic reduction until a permanent cryolite ledge is formed.
- An aspect of the present invention is to provide an aluminum production cell insulating lid assembly comprising at least one preformed refractory block comprising Al 2 O 3 and at least one material selected from NaF, AlF 3 , CaF 2 and MgF 2 .
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an aluminum production cell including a cathode, at least one anode, and an insulating lid above the cathode and anode(s).
- the insulating lid comprises at least one preformed refractory block including Al 2 O 3 and at least one material selected from NaF, AlF 3 , CaF 2 and MgF 2 .
- FIG. 1 is a partially schematic sectional side view of an inert anode aluminum production cell including an insulating lid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an insulating lid 10 of an aluminum production cell 11 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the insulating lid 10 includes preformed refractory blocks 12 which are positioned above inert anodes 14 .
- the inert anodes 14 may be made of a ceramic material as described in Dimilia et al. U.S. Ser. No. 10/291,874, filed Nov. 8, 2002 or in Weirauch et al. U.S. Ser. No. 10/291,874 filed Nov. 9, 2002; or a cermet material as described in Ray et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,204 issued Jul. 23, 2002.
- the disclosures of the aforesaid patent applications and patent are incorporated herein by reference.
- the preformed refractory blocks 12 preferably comprise from about 35 to about 90 weight percent of at least one metal fluoride selected from sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and mixtures thereof and from about 10 to about 65 weight percent Al 2 O 3 .
- Compositions comprising mixtures of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride together with alumina are preferred.
- the preformed refractory block comprises about 50 to 75 weight percent of a NaF/AlF 3 mixture, and the Al 2 O 3 comprises from about 25 to about 50 weight percent.
- the weight ratio of NaF:AlF 3 preferably ranges from about 1:1 to about 2:1. A particularly preferred weight ratio of NaF:AlF 3 is about 1.5:1.
- the NaF and AlF 3 may be provided separately or together, e.g., in the form of synthetic cryolite.
- other materials such as calcium aluminate, CaF 2 , and MgF 2 , may be used.
- the refractory block material may comprise crushed bath held together with a suitable amount of binder, such as sodium aluminum tetrafluoride or alumina cement.
- the preformed insulating blocks 12 may be formed by mixing, e.g., the Al 2 O 3 , NaF/AlF 3 mixture and binder components in the desired weight ratios, followed by pressing and heating to a temperature sufficient to bind the block together, e.g., 1,000° C.
- the thickness and shape of the preformed insulating blocks 12 may be selected in order to provide sufficient structural integrity and heat insulating properties. For example, thicknesses of from less than 1 inch to greater than 1 foot may be used.
- the loose insulation 16 may comprise tabular alumina, crushed bath and/or alumina particles.
- the loose insulation may comprise from 75 to 90 weight percent ESP dust and from 10 to 25 weight percent crushed bath.
- Additional layers of insulation 18 may be positioned above the preformed refractory blocks 12 , as shown in FIG. 1.
- the additional insulation 18 may include alumina particles, ceramic fiber, fiberfrax, fiberglass, or any other suitable material.
- the preformed refractory blocks of the present invention may be used as sidewall liners of the cell.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a preformed sidewall block 20 positioned inside the sidewall 22 of the cell.
- the sidewall block 20 may be the same composition as the insulating blocks 12 .
- the preformed sidewall insulation 20 may act as a sacrificial material which may be at least partially consumed during operation of the cell.
- the aluminum production cell 11 also includes a chamber 30 containing a molten salt bath 32 comprising cryolite and dissolved alumina; and a cathode 34 spaced from the inert anodes 14 .
- a molten salt bath 32 comprising cryolite and dissolved alumina
- a cathode 34 spaced from the inert anodes 14 .
Abstract
An aluminum production cell includes an inert anode and an insulating lid comprising alumina and at least one metal fluoride. The insulating lid preferably comprises about 35-90 wt. % of a mixture of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride and about 10-65 wt. % alumina.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of Slaugenhaupt et al. U.S. Ser. No. 09/732,716, filed Dec. 8, 2000.
- The present invention relates to aluminum production cells and, more particularly, relates to insulating lids for aluminum production cells having inert anodes.
- The energy requirements and cost efficiencies of aluminum smelting cells can be significantly reduced with the use of inert, non-consumable and dimensionally stable anodes. Replacement of traditional consumable carbon anodes with inert anodes allows a highly productive cell design to be utilized, thereby reducing capital costs. Significant environmental benefits are also possible because inert anodes produce essentially no CO 2 or CF4 emissions.
- The successful retrofit of conventional consumable anode Hall aluminum production cells with inert anodes requires extremely stable cell operation with respect to bath chemistry and heat balance. To achieve cell stability, several operating parameters must be controlled. The reduced capacity of inert anode cells to produce heat in comparison with conventional cells having consumable carbon anodes requires heat losses to be minimized in order to maintain an adequate heat balance and stable operation. The amount of alumina dissolved in the bath must be controlled within a very narrow range, e.g., about 7 to 8 percent, which is essential for low corrosion rates of the inert anodes and to prevent deposits of excess alumina on the cathode surface. At an operating voltage equivalent to a conventional carbon anode cell, an inert anode cell will generate less heat due to a high decomposition potential. Control of the cell temperature is crucial because the alumina saturation level of the bath is proportional to the bath temperature. Temperature control is also crucial to the formation and stability of the protection layer of frozen bath or ledge along the sidewalls of the cell. In a conventional Hall cell, this ledge prevents horizontal electrical currents between the anode and cathode as well as protecting the sidewall lining material from erosion. In a cell with inert anodes, this ledge may also protect the inert anodes from reduction by carbonaceous material of the cell lining.
- A need exists for increased insulation in inert anode aluminum production cells in order to reduce heat losses from the cells. The present invention has been developed in view of the foregoing.
- The present invention improves the operating stability of an inert anode aluminum production cell by controlling the heat loss through a top insulating cover. The top cover is the primary area that heat loss can be regulated during normal operation. Reduction in heat loss is preferably obtained by utilizing a multiple layer insulation system on top of the inert anodes. The initial layer of insulation preferably comprises fabricated blocks of a cryolite and alumina mixture. These blocks, which are resistant to attack from the bath fumes, may shield and support subsequent layers of high temperature insulation. To further protect the upper layers of insulation, a semi-gas-tight barrier may be created by filling voids between the blocks with loose refractory material, such as coarse tabular alumina choked by a smaller particle size alumina material. The heat balance of the cell may be maintained, e.g., by adding or removing layers of insulation from the top of the cell.
- An additional application for the preformed insulating blocks of the present invention is during startup of an inert anode cell. The blocks may be used as an inner sidewall between a carbon cell lining and the anodes. This inert lining provides horizontal electrical insulation and protect the anodes from carbothermic reduction until a permanent cryolite ledge is formed.
- An aspect of the present invention is to provide an aluminum production cell insulating lid assembly comprising at least one preformed refractory block comprising Al 2O3 and at least one material selected from NaF, AlF3, CaF2 and MgF2.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an aluminum production cell including a cathode, at least one anode, and an insulating lid above the cathode and anode(s). The insulating lid comprises at least one preformed refractory block including Al 2O3 and at least one material selected from NaF, AlF3, CaF2 and MgF2.
- These and other aspects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description.
- FIG. 1 is a partially schematic sectional side view of an inert anode aluminum production cell including an insulating lid in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an
insulating lid 10 of an aluminum production cell 11 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Theinsulating lid 10 includes preformedrefractory blocks 12 which are positioned aboveinert anodes 14. Theinert anodes 14 may be made of a ceramic material as described in Dimilia et al. U.S. Ser. No. 10/291,874, filed Nov. 8, 2002 or in Weirauch et al. U.S. Ser. No. 10/291,874 filed Nov. 9, 2002; or a cermet material as described in Ray et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,204 issued Jul. 23, 2002. The disclosures of the aforesaid patent applications and patent are incorporated herein by reference. - The preformed
refractory blocks 12 preferably comprise from about 35 to about 90 weight percent of at least one metal fluoride selected from sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and mixtures thereof and from about 10 to about 65 weight percent Al2O3. Compositions comprising mixtures of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride together with alumina are preferred. More preferably, the preformed refractory block comprises about 50 to 75 weight percent of a NaF/AlF3 mixture, and the Al2O3 comprises from about 25 to about 50 weight percent. The weight ratio of NaF:AlF3 preferably ranges from about 1:1 to about 2:1. A particularly preferred weight ratio of NaF:AlF3 is about 1.5:1. The NaF and AlF3 may be provided separately or together, e.g., in the form of synthetic cryolite. In addition to, or in place of, the NaF and AlF3, other materials, such as calcium aluminate, CaF2, and MgF2, may be used. For example, the refractory block material may comprise crushed bath held together with a suitable amount of binder, such as sodium aluminum tetrafluoride or alumina cement. - The preformed
insulating blocks 12 may be formed by mixing, e.g., the Al2O3, NaF/AlF3 mixture and binder components in the desired weight ratios, followed by pressing and heating to a temperature sufficient to bind the block together, e.g., 1,000° C. The thickness and shape of the preformedinsulating blocks 12 may be selected in order to provide sufficient structural integrity and heat insulating properties. For example, thicknesses of from less than 1 inch to greater than 1 foot may be used. - After the preformed
refractory blocks 12 are positioned above theinert anodes 14, spaces around the preformedrefractory blocks 12 may be packed withloose insulation 16, such as particles, fibers, and the like. For example, the loose insulation may comprise tabular alumina, crushed bath and/or alumina particles. As a particular example, the loose insulation may comprise from 75 to 90 weight percent ESP dust and from 10 to 25 weight percent crushed bath. - Additional layers of
insulation 18 may be positioned above the preformedrefractory blocks 12, as shown in FIG. 1. Theadditional insulation 18 may include alumina particles, ceramic fiber, fiberfrax, fiberglass, or any other suitable material. - In addition to their use as insulating lids, the preformed refractory blocks of the present invention may be used as sidewall liners of the cell. FIG. 1 illustrates a
preformed sidewall block 20 positioned inside thesidewall 22 of the cell. Thesidewall block 20 may be the same composition as theinsulating blocks 12. In this case, thepreformed sidewall insulation 20 may act as a sacrificial material which may be at least partially consumed during operation of the cell. - The aluminum production cell 11 also includes a
chamber 30 containing amolten salt bath 32 comprising cryolite and dissolved alumina; and acathode 34 spaced from theinert anodes 14. When an electric current passes between theinert anodes 14 and thecathode 34,aluminum 36 is produced at thecathode 34 and oxygen is produced at theanodes 14. - Whereas particular embodiments of this invention have been described above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details of the present invention may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. An aluminum production cell comprising at least one inert anode, a chamber containing a molten salt bath contacting said inert anode, a cathode spaced from said inert anode, and an insulating lid covering said chamber said insulating lid comprising a preformed refractory block containing about 10-65 wt. % alumina and about 35-90 wt. % of at least one metal fluoride selected from sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and mixtures thereof.
2. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein alumina comprises about 25-50 wt. % of the preformed refractory block.
3. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein said insulating block comprises sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride.
4. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein said insulating block comprises sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride in an NaF:AlF3 weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 2:1.
5. The aluminum production cell of claim 4 , wherein the NaF:AlF3 weight ratio is about 1.5:1.
6. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein said refractory block further comprises at least one metal fluoride selected from calcium fluoride and magnesium fluoride.
7. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein said inert anode comprises a ceramic or cermet material.
8. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein said inert anode comprises nickel oxide and iron oxide.
9. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , further comprising loose insulation around a portion of the preformed insulating block.
10. The aluminum production cell of claim 9 , further comprising at least one additional layer of insulating material above the preformed insulating block.
11. The aluminum production cell of claim 1 , wherein the preformed insulating block is positioned above at least one anode of said cell.
12. A process for producing aluminum in a cell comprising at least one inert anode, a chamber containing a molten salt bath containing alumina, a cathode spaced from said inert anode, and an insulating lid covering said chamber, said process comprising
(a) passing an electric current between said anode and said cathode, thereby to produce aluminum at the cathode, and
(b) conserving heat in said chamber by providing said insulating lid with a composition comprising about 10-65 wt. % alumina and about 35-90 wt. % of at least one metal fluoride.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein said insulating lid comprises at least one metal fluoride selected from sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, magnesium sluoride, calcium fluoride, and mixtures thereof.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein said insulating lid comprises a preformed refractory block comprising about 50-75 wt. % of a mixture of sodium fluoride and aluminum fluoride and about 25-50 wt. % alumina.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein said mixture comprises NaF and AlF3 in an NaF:AlF3 weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 2:1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/461,695 US20030209426A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2003-06-12 | Insulating lid for aluminum production cells |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73271600A | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 | |
| US10/461,695 US20030209426A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2003-06-12 | Insulating lid for aluminum production cells |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73271600A Continuation-In-Part | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20030209426A1 true US20030209426A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
Family
ID=29401835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/461,695 Abandoned US20030209426A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2003-06-12 | Insulating lid for aluminum production cells |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030209426A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040094409A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-05-20 | D'astolfo Leroy E. | Inert anode assembly |
| US20090114547A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-05-07 | Nguyen Thinh T | Aluminium Electrowinning Cell with Enhanced Crust |
| CN100515546C (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2009-07-22 | 阿尔科公司 | Inert anode assembly |
| WO2011072544A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolytic cell for producing primary aluminum by using inert anode |
| US20170211196A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-07-27 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Insulation assembly for electrolysis cell |
| US10665905B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2020-05-26 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Metal-ion battery |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480474A (en) * | 1945-12-14 | 1949-08-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of producing aluminum |
| US3261699A (en) * | 1966-07-19 | Table ii | ||
| US3813225A (en) * | 1969-03-10 | 1974-05-28 | Ppg Industries Inc | Fluidized solids reactor with refractory lining |
| US3935090A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1976-01-27 | Dmitry Pavlovich Petrusenko | Covering of an aluminum-producing electrolysis cell |
| US3960696A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1976-06-01 | Gebr. Giulini Gmbh | Aluminum electrolysis furnace |
| US4151061A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1979-04-24 | Nippon Light Metal Company Limited | Aluminum electrolytic cell |
| US4601804A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1986-07-22 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Cell for electrolytic purification of aluminum |
| US4747924A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1988-05-31 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus for producing neodymium-iron alloy |
| US5128012A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-07-07 | Elkem Aluminium Ans | Arrangement for closing the top of a Soderberg anode in an electrolytic cell or production of aluminum |
| US5415742A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-05-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process and apparatus for low temperature electrolysis of oxides |
| US5928717A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-07-27 | Fosbel International Limited | Process for forming a refractory repair mass |
| US5938914A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-08-17 | Aluminum Company Of America | Molten salt bath circulation design for an electrolytic cell |
| US6017487A (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 2000-01-25 | Aluminum Company Of America | Lid of preformed refractory material for metallurgical melting furnace |
| US6423204B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2002-07-23 | Alcoa Inc. | For cermet inert anode containing oxide and metal phases useful for the electrolytic production of metals |
-
2003
- 2003-06-12 US US10/461,695 patent/US20030209426A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3261699A (en) * | 1966-07-19 | Table ii | ||
| US2480474A (en) * | 1945-12-14 | 1949-08-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of producing aluminum |
| US3813225A (en) * | 1969-03-10 | 1974-05-28 | Ppg Industries Inc | Fluidized solids reactor with refractory lining |
| US3935090A (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1976-01-27 | Dmitry Pavlovich Petrusenko | Covering of an aluminum-producing electrolysis cell |
| US3960696A (en) * | 1974-06-18 | 1976-06-01 | Gebr. Giulini Gmbh | Aluminum electrolysis furnace |
| US4151061A (en) * | 1977-11-15 | 1979-04-24 | Nippon Light Metal Company Limited | Aluminum electrolytic cell |
| US4601804A (en) * | 1983-07-27 | 1986-07-22 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Cell for electrolytic purification of aluminum |
| US4747924A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1988-05-31 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd. | Apparatus for producing neodymium-iron alloy |
| US5128012A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-07-07 | Elkem Aluminium Ans | Arrangement for closing the top of a Soderberg anode in an electrolytic cell or production of aluminum |
| US5415742A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-05-16 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process and apparatus for low temperature electrolysis of oxides |
| US6017487A (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 2000-01-25 | Aluminum Company Of America | Lid of preformed refractory material for metallurgical melting furnace |
| US5928717A (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-07-27 | Fosbel International Limited | Process for forming a refractory repair mass |
| US6423204B1 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2002-07-23 | Alcoa Inc. | For cermet inert anode containing oxide and metal phases useful for the electrolytic production of metals |
| US5938914A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-08-17 | Aluminum Company Of America | Molten salt bath circulation design for an electrolytic cell |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6818106B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-11-16 | Alcoa Inc. | Inert anode assembly |
| US20040094409A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-05-20 | D'astolfo Leroy E. | Inert anode assembly |
| CN100515546C (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2009-07-22 | 阿尔科公司 | Inert anode assembly |
| WO2004049467A3 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-08-26 | Alcoa Inc | Inert anode assembly |
| US8097144B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2012-01-17 | Rio Tinto Alean International Limited | Aluminium electrowinning cell with enhanced crust |
| US20090114547A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-05-07 | Nguyen Thinh T | Aluminium Electrowinning Cell with Enhanced Crust |
| WO2011072544A1 (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2011-06-23 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolytic cell for producing primary aluminum by using inert anode |
| US9551078B2 (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2017-01-24 | Aluminum Corporation Of China Limited | Electrolytic cell for producing primary aluminum by using inert anode |
| US20170211196A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-07-27 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Insulation assembly for electrolysis cell |
| WO2017132353A1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Insulation assembly for electrolysis cell |
| CN108884581A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-11-23 | 美铝美国公司 | Insulating assembly for electrolytic cell |
| US10648094B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 | 2020-05-12 | Elysis Limited Partnership | Insulation assembly for electrolysis cell |
| US10665905B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 | 2020-05-26 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Metal-ion battery |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5340448A (en) | Aluminum electrolytic cell method with application of refractory protective coatings on cello components | |
| CA1240635A (en) | Cell component for an electrolytic aluminum production cell | |
| RU2232211C2 (en) | Carbon composite materials capable of wetting, erosion \ oxidation resistant | |
| US4292345A (en) | Method of protecting carbon-containing component parts of metallurgical units from oxidation | |
| US4678760A (en) | Method of forming a substantially interwoven matrix containing a refractory hard metal and a metal compound | |
| US3215615A (en) | Current conducting element for aluminum production cells | |
| US5227045A (en) | Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate | |
| US3996117A (en) | Process for producing aluminum | |
| US6692631B2 (en) | Carbon containing Cu-Ni-Fe anodes for electrolysis of alumina | |
| US4073703A (en) | Electrolytic production of magnesium | |
| NZ231659A (en) | Method of coating a raised cathode surface in a reduction cell for producing aluminium | |
| US20030209426A1 (en) | Insulating lid for aluminum production cells | |
| CN103011852B (en) | Non-sintering densification method of corundum castable product | |
| CA1239617A (en) | Cathode pot for an aluminum electrolytic cell and process for manufacturing composite bodies for its sidewall | |
| US5062929A (en) | Linings for aluminum reduction cells | |
| CA1224746A (en) | Cell for the refining of aluminum | |
| US5322826A (en) | Refractory material | |
| US4683046A (en) | Reduction pot for the production of aluminum | |
| RU2095484C1 (en) | Construction element of aluminum production electrolyzer contacting with gas phase | |
| US5352338A (en) | Cathode protection | |
| US1816972A (en) | Manufacture and purification of magnesium | |
| CA1239375A (en) | Reduction pot | |
| NZ529849A (en) | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a drained cathode bottom and an aluminium collection reservoir | |
| CA2010316C (en) | Cathode protection | |
| US5167787A (en) | Linings for aluminum reduction cells |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ALCOA INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SLAUGENHAUPT, MICHAEL L.;KOZAREK, ROBERT L.;REEL/FRAME:013811/0619;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030715 TO 20030716 |
|
| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |