US20030139465A1 - Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels - Google Patents
Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels Download PDFInfo
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- US20030139465A1 US20030139465A1 US10/053,265 US5326502A US2003139465A1 US 20030139465 A1 US20030139465 A1 US 20030139465A1 US 5326502 A US5326502 A US 5326502A US 2003139465 A1 US2003139465 A1 US 2003139465A1
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- essential amino
- mgs
- amino acid
- glucose levels
- protein
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- 235000020776 essential amino acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 102000015781 Dietary Proteins Human genes 0.000 title 1
- 108010010256 Dietary Proteins Proteins 0.000 title 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N L-lysine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960004452 methionine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Methionine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229930195722 L-methionine Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 2-[[2-[[hydroxy-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyphosphoryl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C=1NC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NP(O)(=O)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1O IFGCUJZIWBUILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-cystine Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CSSC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O LEVWYRKDKASIDU-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004158 L-cystine Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019393 L-cystine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960003067 cystine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000021152 breakfast Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ORKBYCQJWQBPFG-WOMZHKBXSA-N (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-13-ethyl-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one;(8r,9s,13s,14s,17r)-17-ethynyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-octahydro-6h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](CC)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 ORKBYCQJWQBPFG-WOMZHKBXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001499740 Plantago alpina Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012453 sprague-dawley rat model Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019766 L-Lysine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000288147 Meleagris gallopavo Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010058846 Ovalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000991 chicken egg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019545 cooked cereal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020187 evaporated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000015205 orange juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075642 psyllium hydrocolloid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011890 sandwich Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/175—Amino acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-aminoacids, e.g. alanine, edetic acids [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- one or more unit doses of a blend of L-Tryptophan (80 mgs), L-Methionine (90 mgs), L-Valine (103 mgs) and L-Lysine monohydrochloride (128 mgs) was calculated to be a universal dietary supplement for 61 commonly used foods (C. I. Jarowski, U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,142).
- the levels of supplementation were derived by taking into account the average human fasting plasma concentrations of the eight essential amino acids plus L-Tyrosine and L-Cystine. The latter two non-essential amino acids were included since they are L-Phenylalanine-sparing and L-Methionine-sparing respectively.
- Protocol Breakfast was consumed from 7:30 to 8:00 AM. Lunch was eaten from 12:00 Noon to 12:30 P.M. Dinner was consumed from 6:00 to 6:30 PM. The supplemented meals were taken three days after the unsupplemented ones. The supplement taken after each meal consisted of two #0 hard gelatin capsules, each capsule contained 80 mgs of L-Tryptophan, 90 mgs of Methionine, 103 mgs of L-Valine and 128 mgs of L-Lysine monohydrochloride. Pooled samples of urine were collected for 24 hours.
- Protocol Fasting blood glucose levels were determined with the use of the Accu-Chek blood glucose meter.
- the Glucowatch developed by Cygnus, Inc. was also used.
- the Standard Breakfast used consisted of: 46 grams of Instant Rice (3 grams of protein), 61.64 grams of Egg Albumin (AllWhites, 6.7 grams of protein), one half cup of Cow's Milk (1% Fat, 3.15 grams of protein), one quarter teaspoon of salt, one cup of water, one cup of coffee, one gram of non-dairy creamer.
Abstract
Depending upon the quantity of protein being consumed, one or more unit doses of a blend consisting of L-Tryptophan (80 mgs), L-Methionine (90 mgs), L-Valine (103 mgs) and L-Lysine Monohydrochloride (128 mgs), added as a dietary supplement, will improve the efficiency of amino acid utilization and thereby lower urinary urea excretion and control peak post-prandial blood glucose levels. The levels of supplementation are derived by taking into consideration the average human fasting plasma concentrations of essential amino acids and L-Tyrosine and L-Cystine.
Description
- Depending upon the quantity of protein being consumed, one or more unit doses of a blend of L-Tryptophan (80 mgs), L-Methionine (90 mgs), L-Valine (103 mgs) and L-Lysine monohydrochloride (128 mgs) was calculated to be a universal dietary supplement for 61 commonly used foods (C. I. Jarowski, U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,142). The levels of supplementation were derived by taking into account the average human fasting plasma concentrations of the eight essential amino acids plus L-Tyrosine and L-Cystine. The latter two non-essential amino acids were included since they are L-Phenylalanine-sparing and L-Methionine-sparing respectively.
- Earlier studies in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that essential amino acid supplemented rations lowered serum urea levels 44% (G. M. Torre, V. D. Lynch and C. I. Jarowski, J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 114 (1981). The levels of L-Tryptophan, L-Lysine and L-Threonine used to supplement the commercial rat ration were derived by taking into account the average fasting plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids of Sprague-Dawley rats.
- A replicated human study demonstrated that when two unit doses of the quartette of essential amino acids mentioned above were taken immediately after each meal 24-hour urinary urea was reduced 25 to 28%. The unit doses were administered in #0 hard gelatin capsules. Typical meals used are shown in Table I.
- Protocol: Breakfast was consumed from 7:30 to 8:00 AM. Lunch was eaten from 12:00 Noon to 12:30 P.M. Dinner was consumed from 6:00 to 6:30 PM. The supplemented meals were taken three days after the unsupplemented ones. The supplement taken after each meal consisted of two #0 hard gelatin capsules, each capsule contained 80 mgs of L-Tryptophan, 90 mgs of Methionine, 103 mgs of L-Valine and 128 mgs of L-Lysine monohydrochloride. Pooled samples of urine were collected for 24 hours.
- Breakfast: One-half cup of rice (6.9 grams of protein), 2 cups of water, one chicken egg (12.8 gms of protein), one-half cup of Cow's Milk (4.03 grams of protein), one half of a banana, a cup of coffee, 10 ml of evaporated milk (0.7 gram of protein), a glass of orange juice, 10 Ritz crackers (10 grams of wheat protein), one teaspoon of Psyllium Hydrocolloid and one Multivitamin/Multimineral tablet. Total protein: 34.43 grams.
- Lunch: Three slices of Turkey Breast (3 grams of protein), two pieces of potato bread (4 grams of protein), piece of Swiss cheese (5 grams of protein), cup of coffee, 10 ml of evaporated Cow's Milk (0.7 gram of protein). Total protein: 12.7 grams.
- Dinner: Swanson's Hungry Man Turkey Dinner (30 grams of protein), cup of coffee, 10 ml of evaporated Cow's Milk (0.7 gram of protein), 8 Ritz crackers (8 grams of protein). Total protein: 38.7 grams.
- Results: Without supplement 11.56 grams of urinary urea were collected. With 2 units of supplement taken immediately after each meal, 8.34 grams of urea were collected, a drop of 28% compared with the unsupplemented meals.
- Post-prandial glucose levels following consumption of prepared meals such as meat, vegetables and salad or sandwiches with lettuce and tomatoes did not exhibit significant elevations above the fasting range. However cooked cereals such as rice or wheat yielded surprisingly elevated post-prandial glucose levels. The use of the quartette of essential amino acids as supplements effectively lowered the peak blood glucose levels. Typical results are shown in Table II.
- Protocol: Fasting blood glucose levels were determined with the use of the Accu-Chek blood glucose meter. The Glucowatch developed by Cygnus, Inc. was also used. The Standard Breakfast used consisted of: 46 grams of Instant Rice (3 grams of protein), 61.64 grams of Egg Albumin (AllWhites, 6.7 grams of protein), one half cup of Cow's Milk (1% Fat, 3.15 grams of protein), one quarter teaspoon of salt, one cup of water, one cup of coffee, one gram of non-dairy creamer.
Fasting Blood Completion Test Glucose Level of Breakfast Blood Glucose Measurements Supplement 1 100 mg % 7:30 AM 7:45 AM: 290 mg %; 8:53 AM: None 186 mg %; 10:30 AM: 99 mg % 2 100 mg % 7:55 AM 8:20 AM: 155 mg %; 8:40 AM: 1 Unit before 154 mg %; 8:55 AM: 157 mg %; Breakfast 9:11 AM: 157 mg %; 9:26 AM: 140 mg %; 9:59 AM: 101 mg % 3 90 mg % 9:02 AM 9:16 AM: 148 mg %; 9:45 AM: 2 Units before 144 mg %; 10:32 AM: 122 mg %; Breakfast 11:02 AM: 106 mg % 4. 100 mg % 7:31 AM 7:29 AM: 130 mg %; 7:49 AM: None 214 mg %; 8:28 AM: 209 mg %; 8:48 AM: 280 mg %; 9:29 AM: Used the 118 mg %; 9:49 AM: 78 mg % Glucowatch 10:09 AM: 62 mg %; 10:32 AM: 62 mg %
Claims (2)
1. Dietary supplementation with a blend of L-Tryptophan, L-Methionine, L-Valine and L-Lysine Monohydrochloride in such quantities that the relative proportions of at least the first three limiting essential amino acids in the supplemented ration conform adequately to the respective proportions found in the average fasting blood plasma of humans improves amino acid utilization by lowering their conversion to urea.
2. Peak post-prandial blood glucose levels are lowered when easily hydrolyzed proteins are supplemented with a blend of L-Tryptophan, L-Methionine, L-Valine and L-Lysine Monohydrochloride in such quantities that the relative proportions of at least the first three limiting essential amino acids in the supplemented ration conform adequately to the respective proportions found in the average fasting human blood plasma.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/053,265 US6602909B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/053,265 US6602909B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20030139465A1 true US20030139465A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| US6602909B1 US6602909B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/053,265 Expired - Fee Related US6602909B1 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2002-01-23 | Selected essential amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins to lower urinary urea and peak glucose levels |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6602909B1 (en) |
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| US7041468B2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2006-05-09 | Therasense, Inc. | Blood glucose tracking apparatus and methods |
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| CA2556331A1 (en) | 2004-02-17 | 2005-09-29 | Therasense, Inc. | Method and system for providing data communication in continuous glucose monitoring and management system |
| US7304044B2 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2007-12-04 | Jarowski Charles I | Lowering blood glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides and normalizing homocysteine levels by dietary addition of selected essential amino acids and three vitamins |
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| US8461985B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2013-06-11 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Analyte monitoring system and methods |
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| JP6443802B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2018-12-26 | アボット ダイアベティス ケア インコーポレイテッドＡｂｂｏｔｔ Ｄｉａｂｅｔｅｓ Ｃａｒｅ Ｉｎｃ． | Analyte monitoring apparatus and method |
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Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3080234A (en) | 1960-12-06 | 1963-03-05 | Pfizer & Co C | Method of improving the efficiency of amino acid diets |
| US5559142A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-09-24 | Jarowski; Charles I. | Amino acid supplementation of dietary proteins |
-
2002
- 2002-01-23 US US10/053,265 patent/US6602909B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US6602909B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
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