US20030138210A1 - Optical fiber with collimated output having low back-reflection - Google Patents
Optical fiber with collimated output having low back-reflection Download PDFInfo
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- US20030138210A1 US20030138210A1 US10/041,517 US4151701A US2003138210A1 US 20030138210 A1 US20030138210 A1 US 20030138210A1 US 4151701 A US4151701 A US 4151701A US 2003138210 A1 US2003138210 A1 US 2003138210A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- optical
- block
- fiber
- endface
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- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3538—Optical coupling means having switching means based on displacement or deformation of a liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3632—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3636—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means the mechanical coupling means being grooves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2746—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means comprising non-reciprocal devices, e.g. isolators, FRM, circulators, quasi-isolators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
- G02B6/327—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends with angled interfaces to reduce reflections
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3512—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
- G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
- G02B6/3648—Supporting carriers of a microbench type, i.e. with micromachined additional mechanical structures
- G02B6/3652—Supporting carriers of a microbench type, i.e. with micromachined additional mechanical structures the additional structures being prepositioning mounting areas, allowing only movement in one dimension, e.g. grooves, trenches or vias in the microbench surface, i.e. self aligning supporting carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to microoptical components, and, more particularly, to free space microoptical devices requiring a collimated input beam.
- microoptical devices require a collimated input beam.
- examples of such devices include free space microoptical switches (e.g. switches with movable micromirrors), multiplexers and demultiplexers.
- an optical fiber provides the light beam. Collimating the light beam requires a lens aligned with the fiber endface.
- the present invention provides optical fiber collimators and optical fiber beam directors having very low backreflection.
- the low backreflections is provided by a block attached to the endface of the optical fiber.
- the endface of the optical fiber is angled with respect to the optical axis of the device.
- And exit face of the block is perpendicular to the optical axis, so that the optical axis is straight throughout the device.
- the present invention can be used in free space optical switches, sensors, and other optical bench components.
- FIG. 1 shows a collimated optical fiber array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows close-up of the invention, illustrating operation of the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention where the lens 36 is disposed on the exit face 32 .
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a fiber array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a 2 ⁇ 2 optical crossbar switch device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a tilting micromirror switch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical nonreciprocal device (e.g. optical isolator) according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides an optical fiber with a collimated beam having a very low backreflection.
- the present invention can be used in switches, multiplexers, demultiplexers or any other device where low backreflection is needed.
- the optical fiber has an angled endface, and a homogeneous block is disposed on the endface. The output face of the block is perpendicular to the optical axis of the fiber.
- the collimated beam of the present invention is parallel with an optical axis of the optical fiber.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a collimated fiber array according to the present invention.
- the collimated fiber array has an optical fiber 20 disposed between V-groove chips 22 a, 22 b.
- the optical fiber 20 and V-groove chips comprise a fiber array 24 .
- a endface 26 of the fiber array and optical fiber 20 is nonperpendicular with respect to an optical axis 28 .
- the endface 26 is at an angle T with respect to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis 28 .
- the angle T can be about 2-12 degrees, for example.
- the angle T is great enough so that light reflected from the endface 26 is not coupled into the optical fiber 20 .
- a transparent, homogeneous block 29 is disposed on the endface 26 .
- the block has an entrance face 30 and an exit face 32 .
- the entrance face 30 is angled at the angle T, so that a gap between the block 29 and endface 26 is relatively flat.
- the block 29 and endface 26 can be in contact, or can be attached by a thin film of transparent optical adhesive (e.g. epoxy).
- the exit face 32 is perpendicular to the optical axis 28 .
- An antireflection coating (not shown) may be disposed on the exit face 32 .
- the transparent block has a thickness 34 .
- the thickness 34 is measured along the optical axis.
- the thickness 34 can be about 0.2 mm to about 5 mm, for example.
- the transparent block can be made of glass, silicon, or other transparent materials.
- the block 29 necessarily has a homogeneous index of refraction; it is not a graded-index (GRIN) lens.
- the refractive index of the block matches the refractive index of the optical fiber core (typically about 1.46 for silica fiber).
- the transparent block can have a refractive index within about 5% of the index of the fiber core, for example, although refractive indexes outside this range are usable in the invention.
- a lens 36 is disposed in front of the block 29 and aligned with the optical axis 28 .
- the lens maybe disposed on a lens substrate 38 .
- the lens 36 and substrate 38 may be in contact with the block 29 , or may be spaced apart, as shown.
- the lens 36 is located so that a relatively collimated beam 40 is provided.
- the optical axis 28 is parallel with the collimated beam and parallel with the optical fiber 20 . This is significant in that it allows the beam 40 to be directed by mechanical connection to the fiber array 24 .
- the lens 36 can be a refractive lens (as shown) or it can be a GRIN lens, holographic lens, or any other kind of lens.
- a light source 42 is connected to the optical fiber 20 at an input 41 so that light can be directed from the input 41 , through the fiber 20 , block 29 and lens 36 , in that order.
- the light source can be a laser, waveguide, optical fiber or any other device that provides or directs light into the fiber 20 .
- FIG. 2 shows a close-up of the optical fiber 20 and the block 29 , illustrating the operation of the present invention.
- the chips 22 a , 22 b are not shown.
- the optical fiber 20 has a core 20 a and a cladding 20 b .
- An antireflection coating 44 is disposed on the exit face 32 of the block 29 .
- Light 46 exits the optical fiber core 20 a and enters the block 29 .
- a small amount of light (not shown) is reflected at the endface 26 . Since the endface 26 is nonperpendicular to the optical axis 28 , the reflected light is not coupled into the optical fiber core 20 a. Also, since the block 29 and optical fiber core 20 a have the same refractive indexes, the optical axis 28 is not bent by the fiber-block interface.
- Light 46 passes through the block 29 and exits the exit face 32 .
- a small amount of light 48 is reflected by the exit face 32 .
- the reflected light 48 diverges as it passes through the block 29 . Therefore, when the reflected light reaches the optical fiber core 20 a , only a small amount is coupled into the fiber core. Most of the reflected light 48 misses the core 20 a and the fiber 20 . This provides low backreflection for the collimator of the present invention. Since the reflected light 48 is divergent, increasing the block thickness 34 reduces the backreflection.
- the light 46 that exits the block 29 is aligned with the optical axis.
- the backreflection loss provided by the block 29 is in addition to backreflection loss provided by the angled endface 26 , and the antireflection coating 44 .
- L is the thickness 34
- Z R is the Rayleigh range of the beam in the glass block.
- L and Z R are expressed in the same units.
- the Rayleigh range is about 76 microns.
- backreflection reductions for certain block thicknesses are given in the table below. Backreflection attenuation for single mode fiber at 1550 nm Thickness 34 of block Backreflection reduction 1 mm 22 dB 2 mm 28 dB 4 mm 34 dB
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention where the lens 36 is disposed on the exit face 32 .
- an antireflection coating can be deposited over the lens surface.
- the embodiment of FIG. 3 proivides an accurate distance between the lens 36 and the fiber.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention having 5 optical fibers and 5 lenses 36 aligned with the fibers. Only the endfaces 26 a of the optical fibers are visible. A single block 29 is used for all 5 fibers, although several blocks could be used for individual fibers or small groups of fibers.
- the fiber array 24 has angled sides 50 , 52 for engaging alignment pin 54 .
- alignment pin 56 is in contact with angled sides (not visible).
- the angled sides 50 , 52 can be formed by anisotropic wet etching of silicon, for example, as known in the art of making mechanical-transfer optical fiber connectors.
- the pins 54 , 56 extend through holes 58 in the substrate 38 , thereby providing alignment between the fibers and the lenses 36 .
- the present invention can be used in many different optical devices that require collimated beams with low backreflection.
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of an optical crossbar 2 ⁇ 2 switch according to the invention having flip-up micromirrors 60 for controlling collimated light beams 62 a 62 b .
- Light beams 62 come from collimators 64 a 64 b described herein.
- Mirrors 60 a , 60 b are lying flat, out of the light beam 62 .
- Mirrors 60 c 60 d are in an upright position, and therefore reflect the light beams 62 .
- Beams 62 are directed to output devices 66 a 66 b , which can be light detectors, filters, multiplexers, fibers or any other optical device.
- the collimators 64 provide collimated light beams that are simple to align with respect to the micromirrors 60 .
- the beams are simple to align because the beams are parallel with the optical fibers 20 .
- collimator units are shown in FIG. 5 as discrete units (each with one fiber), an arrayed device as shown in FIG. 4 can be used so that all the beams are from a single device having several fibers and several lenses (and a single block 29 ).
- FIG. 6 shows an optical switch according to the present invention having tiltable micromirrors 70 .
- the endface 26 is seen nearly edge-on in FIG. 6.
- An array of collimators 72 according to the present invention is directed at the tiltable micromirrors 70 .
- the micromirrors can tilt to direct the beams 74 to output fibers 76 or other output devices (not shown).
- the lens 36 can be selected so that the beam if focused on the output device (e.g. fiber 76 ).
- FIG. 7 shows an optical nonreciprocal device (e.g. optical isolator, optical circulator) according to the present invention.
- Optical nonreciprocal devices typically require a light input device with very low backreflection.
- the present collimator can provide an optical beam for an optical nonreciprocal device such as an optical isolator.
- the low backreflection of the present device assures that the nonreciprocal device does not have backreflections arising from the optical fiber input.
- the present invention can be used with single-mode and multi-mode fibers. It is noted that the backreflection loss calculations will be different for single-mode and multimode fibers.
- V-groove chips Although the invention has been described using fibers disposed in V-groove chips, it is not necessary to use V-groove chips in the present invention.
- the optical fibers can be disposed in tubes or ferrules instead of V-groove chips.
- the block 29 can be made of many different materials including glass, plastic, semiconductors (e.g. silicon), and the like.
- the exit face 32 does not need to be precisely perpendicular to the optical axis 28 ; the exit face 32 , can be a couple degrees off perpendicular from the optical axis 28 , as an exit face 32 with precise perpendicularity can be difficult to manufacture.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present application claims the benefit of priority of copending provisional patent application 60/241,327 filed on Oct. 18, 2000, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to microoptical components, and, more particularly, to free space microoptical devices requiring a collimated input beam.
- Many microoptical devices require a collimated input beam. Examples of such devices include free space microoptical switches (e.g. switches with movable micromirrors), multiplexers and demultiplexers. Typically, an optical fiber provides the light beam. Collimating the light beam requires a lens aligned with the fiber endface.
- In such devices, it is often desirable to have low back-reflection. Reflection of light into the fiber (e.g. light reflected from the fiber endface) can cause disturbances In optical devices (e.g. lasers) located upstream. It is a challenge to design a collimator that reflects a very small amount of light back into the optical fiber.
- The present invention provides optical fiber collimators and optical fiber beam directors having very low backreflection. The low backreflections is provided by a block attached to the endface of the optical fiber. The endface of the optical fiber is angled with respect to the optical axis of the device. And exit face of the block is perpendicular to the optical axis, so that the optical axis is straight throughout the device. The present invention can be used in free space optical switches, sensors, and other optical bench components.
- FIG. 1 shows a collimated optical fiber array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows close-up of the invention, illustrating operation of the invention.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention where the
lens 36 is disposed on theexit face 32. - FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a fiber array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a 2×2 optical crossbar switch device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a tilting micromirror switch according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical nonreciprocal device (e.g. optical isolator) according to the present invention.
- The present invention provides an optical fiber with a collimated beam having a very low backreflection. The present invention can be used in switches, multiplexers, demultiplexers or any other device where low backreflection is needed. In the present invention, the optical fiber has an angled endface, and a homogeneous block is disposed on the endface. The output face of the block is perpendicular to the optical axis of the fiber. Significantly, the collimated beam of the present invention is parallel with an optical axis of the optical fiber.
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a collimated fiber array according to the present invention. The collimated fiber array has an
optical fiber 20 disposed between V-groove chips optical fiber 20 and V-groove chips comprise afiber array 24. Aendface 26 of the fiber array andoptical fiber 20 is nonperpendicular with respect to anoptical axis 28. Theendface 26 is at an angle T with respect to a plane perpendicular to theoptical axis 28. The angle T can be about 2-12 degrees, for example. Preferably, the angle T is great enough so that light reflected from theendface 26 is not coupled into theoptical fiber 20. - A transparent,
homogeneous block 29 is disposed on theendface 26. The block has anentrance face 30 and anexit face 32. Theentrance face 30 is angled at the angle T, so that a gap between theblock 29 andendface 26 is relatively flat. Theblock 29 andendface 26 can be in contact, or can be attached by a thin film of transparent optical adhesive (e.g. epoxy). Theexit face 32 is perpendicular to theoptical axis 28. An antireflection coating (not shown) may be disposed on theexit face 32. - The transparent block has a
thickness 34. Thethickness 34 is measured along the optical axis. Thethickness 34 can be about 0.2 mm to about 5 mm, for example. The transparent block can be made of glass, silicon, or other transparent materials. Theblock 29 necessarily has a homogeneous index of refraction; it is not a graded-index (GRIN) lens. Preferably, the refractive index of the block matches the refractive index of the optical fiber core (typically about 1.46 for silica fiber). The transparent block can have a refractive index within about 5% of the index of the fiber core, for example, although refractive indexes outside this range are usable in the invention. - A
lens 36 is disposed in front of theblock 29 and aligned with theoptical axis 28. The lens maybe disposed on alens substrate 38. Thelens 36 andsubstrate 38 may be in contact with theblock 29, or may be spaced apart, as shown. In the device shown in FIG. 1, thelens 36 is located so that a relativelycollimated beam 40 is provided. It is noted that theoptical axis 28 is parallel with the collimated beam and parallel with theoptical fiber 20. This is significant in that it allows thebeam 40 to be directed by mechanical connection to thefiber array 24. - The
lens 36 can be a refractive lens (as shown) or it can be a GRIN lens, holographic lens, or any other kind of lens. - Finally, a
light source 42 is connected to theoptical fiber 20 at aninput 41 so that light can be directed from theinput 41, through thefiber 20,block 29 andlens 36, in that order. The light source can be a laser, waveguide, optical fiber or any other device that provides or directs light into thefiber 20. - FIG. 2 shows a close-up of the
optical fiber 20 and theblock 29, illustrating the operation of the present invention. Thechips optical fiber 20 has acore 20 a and a cladding 20 b. Anantireflection coating 44 is disposed on theexit face 32 of theblock 29. -
Light 46 exits theoptical fiber core 20 a and enters theblock 29. A small amount of light (not shown) is reflected at theendface 26. Since theendface 26 is nonperpendicular to theoptical axis 28, the reflected light is not coupled into theoptical fiber core 20 a. Also, since theblock 29 andoptical fiber core 20 a have the same refractive indexes, theoptical axis 28 is not bent by the fiber-block interface. -
Light 46 passes through theblock 29 and exits theexit face 32. A small amount oflight 48 is reflected by theexit face 32. The reflectedlight 48 diverges as it passes through theblock 29. Therefore, when the reflected light reaches theoptical fiber core 20 a, only a small amount is coupled into the fiber core. Most of the reflected light 48 misses the core 20 a and thefiber 20. This provides low backreflection for the collimator of the present invention. Since the reflectedlight 48 is divergent, increasing theblock thickness 34 reduces the backreflection. - The light46 that exits the
block 29 is aligned with the optical axis. - The backreflection loss provided by the
block 29 is in addition to backreflection loss provided by theangled endface 26, and theantireflection coating 44. The backreflection loss contribution of theblock 29 can be approximately calculated from the following equation (assuming a Gaussian beam profile): - Where L is the
thickness 34, and ZR is the Rayleigh range of the beam in the glass block. L and ZR are expressed in the same units. For example, for single mode fiber (e.g. SMF 28) at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the Rayleigh range is about 76 microns. As a further example, backreflection reductions for certain block thicknesses are given in the table below.Backreflection attenuation for single mode fiber at 1550 nm Thickness 34 of block Backreflection reduction 1 mm 22 dB 2 mm 28 dB 4 mm 34 dB - FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention where the
lens 36 is disposed on theexit face 32. In this case, an antireflection coating can be deposited over the lens surface. The embodiment of FIG. 3 proivides an accurate distance between thelens 36 and the fiber. - FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the invention having 5 optical fibers and 5
lenses 36 aligned with the fibers. Only the endfaces 26 a of the optical fibers are visible. Asingle block 29 is used for all 5 fibers, although several blocks could be used for individual fibers or small groups of fibers. Thefiber array 24 has angledsides alignment pin 54. Similarly,alignment pin 56 is in contact with angled sides (not visible). The angled sides 50, 52 can be formed by anisotropic wet etching of silicon, for example, as known in the art of making mechanical-transfer optical fiber connectors. Thepins holes 58 in thesubstrate 38, thereby providing alignment between the fibers and thelenses 36. - The present invention can be used in many different optical devices that require collimated beams with low backreflection.
- FIG. 5, for example, shows a top view of an optical crossbar 2×2 switch according to the invention having flip-up micromirrors60 for controlling collimated light beams 62 a 62 b. Light beams 62 come from
collimators 64 a 64 b described herein.Mirrors Mirrors 60c 60 d are in an upright position, and therefore reflect the light beams 62. Beams 62 are directed tooutput devices 66 a 66 b, which can be light detectors, filters, multiplexers, fibers or any other optical device. The collimators 64 provide collimated light beams that are simple to align with respect to the micromirrors 60. The beams are simple to align because the beams are parallel with theoptical fibers 20. - Although the collimator units are shown in FIG. 5 as discrete units (each with one fiber), an arrayed device as shown in FIG. 4 can be used so that all the beams are from a single device having several fibers and several lenses (and a single block29).
- FIG. 6 shows an optical switch according to the present invention having
tiltable micromirrors 70. Theendface 26 is seen nearly edge-on in FIG. 6. An array ofcollimators 72 according to the present invention is directed at thetiltable micromirrors 70. The micromirrors can tilt to direct the beams 74 tooutput fibers 76 or other output devices (not shown). Thelens 36 can be selected so that the beam if focused on the output device (e.g. fiber 76). - FIG. 7 shows an optical nonreciprocal device (e.g. optical isolator, optical circulator) according to the present invention. Optical nonreciprocal devices typically require a light input device with very low backreflection. The present collimator can provide an optical beam for an optical nonreciprocal device such as an optical isolator. The low backreflection of the present device assures that the nonreciprocal device does not have backreflections arising from the optical fiber input.
- The present invention can be used with single-mode and multi-mode fibers. It is noted that the backreflection loss calculations will be different for single-mode and multimode fibers.
- Although the invention has been described using fibers disposed in V-groove chips, it is not necessary to use V-groove chips in the present invention. The optical fibers can be disposed in tubes or ferrules instead of V-groove chips.
- The
block 29 can be made of many different materials including glass, plastic, semiconductors (e.g. silicon), and the like. Theexit face 32 does not need to be precisely perpendicular to theoptical axis 28; theexit face 32, can be a couple degrees off perpendicular from theoptical axis 28, as anexit face 32 with precise perpendicularity can be difficult to manufacture. - It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the above embodiment may be altered in many ways without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
Claims (24)
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/041,517 US20030138210A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2001-10-18 | Optical fiber with collimated output having low back-reflection |
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US24132700P | 2000-10-18 | 2000-10-18 | |
US10/041,517 US20030138210A1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2001-10-18 | Optical fiber with collimated output having low back-reflection |
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US20020097957A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-07-25 | Juro Kikuchi | Arrayed optical device |
US20030007740A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2003-01-09 | Sherrer David W. | Optical connector system |
US20040081396A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-04-29 | Hiroshi Komine | Optical fiber array collimator |
US20040136650A1 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2004-07-15 | Wen-Tzung Chen | Optical sub-assembly module for suppressing optical back-reflection and effectively guiding light from light source to optical waveguide |
US20040240794A1 (en) * | 2001-11-08 | 2004-12-02 | Heiks Noel A | Optical fiber right angle transition |
US6847764B2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2005-01-25 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Optical interconnect having alignment depression |
US7149383B2 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2006-12-12 | Finisar Corporation | Optical system with reduced back reflection |
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US10317626B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2019-06-11 | Google Llc | Inner and outer collimator elements for an optical circuit switch |
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US6483961B1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2002-11-19 | Calient Networks, Inc. | Dual refraction index collimator for an optical switch |
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2001
- 2001-10-18 US US10/041,517 patent/US20030138210A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US6278812B1 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-08-21 | At&T Corporation | Protection schemes for mirror-failure in free-space micromachined optical switches |
US6483961B1 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2002-11-19 | Calient Networks, Inc. | Dual refraction index collimator for an optical switch |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6847764B2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2005-01-25 | Shipley Company, L.L.C. | Optical interconnect having alignment depression |
US20030007740A1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2003-01-09 | Sherrer David W. | Optical connector system |
US7043119B2 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2006-05-09 | Osaki Electric Co., Ltd. | Fiber collimator array |
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