US20030026337A1

US20030026337A1 - Loop filtering method in video coder

Info

Publication number: US20030026337A1
Application number: US10/170,999
Authority: US
Inventors: Min Hong
Original assignee: LG Electronics Inc
Current assignee: LG Electronics Inc
Priority date: 2001-06-15
Filing date: 2002-06-14
Publication date: 2003-02-06
Also published as: US7272186B2; KR100525785B1; US8238449B2; US8243786B2; US8243799B2; US20080031324A1; US8238430B2; US20130223520A1; US20050169373A1; US20080031323A1; US8238422B2; US20050169372A1; US20080037660A1; US8249173B2; US8837583B2; US8233533B2; US20080037889A1; US8798142B2; US7706451B2; US8228977B2

Abstract

Disclosed is a loop filtering method in a video coder enabling to provide an easy real-time processing by reducing a calculation quantity of a video coder in realizing a H.26L standard system and increase a video quality by removing a blocking and a ringing phenomenon of a compression moving picture in accordance with a coded block pattern, a quantization step size, and a motion vector size. The present invention includes the steps of determining a strength of a block to be processed in accordance with a coded pattern and a quantization step size of a first macro block(block1, block2) constituted by 4×4 block unit, carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block(block1, blockk2) in accordance with the determined strength, and carrying out a second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block constituted by 16×16 block unit so as to remove a blocking existing at the boundary region of the second macro block. And, the first and second loop filterings are carried out in directions of horizontal and vertical axes for the first and second macro blocks, respectively.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a moving picture compression technique, and more particularly, to a loop filtering method in a video coder.

2. Description of the Background Art

Generally, it has been proved that the “H.26L” system developed as a next generation moving picture compression technique is superior to the “H.263” and “MPEG4” systems in performance.

The “H.26L” system as the next generation moving picture compression system differs from the conventional H.263 and MPEG4 in using 4×4 block based transformation & encoding, carrying out motion estimation & compensation of a transformation block size, and using a single variable length coder(VLC).

Superior to the conventional motion picture standards in aspect of performance, the H.26L system has excessive calculation of encoder as well as uses 4×4 block based transformation so that a blocking dominates than the conventional standards.

In order to remove the blocking, filters includes a loop filtering system processed inside encoder and decoder, a post filter processed in a next stage of the decoder, and a system adding the loop filtering system to the post filter.

When the blocking is removed by the loop filtering system in general, a difference between an input video and a motion video is affected so that an encoding rate increases in a specific case. Yet, as the loop filtering system is installed inside a video coder, complexity of encoder increases.

As mentioned in the above explanation, the H.26L system according to the related art requires excessive quantity of calculation despite the superiority in performance to the moving picture standards as well as has the blocking more dominant than that of the moving picture standards due to the 4×4 block based transformation system.

Moreover, if the blocking is removed by the loop filtering system according to the related art, the difference between the input video and the motion video is affected so as to increasing the encoding rate in a specific case. Yet, the loop filtering system built inside the video coder increases the complexity of the encoder.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a loop filtering method in a video coder that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An object of the present invention is to provide a loop filtering method in a video coder enabling to provide an easy real-time processing by reducing a calculation quantity of a video coder in realizing a H.26L standard system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a loop filtering system in a video coder enabling to increase a video quality by removing a blocking and a ringing phenomenon of a compression moving picture in accordance with a coded block pattern, a quantization step size, and a motion vector size.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a loop filtering method in a video coder according to the present invention includes the steps of carrying out a first loop filtering on a first macro block(block 1, blockk2) in a direction of a horizontal axis and carrying out a second loop filtering on the first macro block in a direction of a vertical axis after completion of the first loop filtering.

In another aspect of the present invention, a loop filtering method in a video coder includes the steps of determining a strength of a block to be processed in accordance with a coded pattern and a quantization step size of a first macro block(block 1, block2) constituted by 4×4 block unit, carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block(block1, blockk2) in accordance with the determined strength, and carrying out a second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block constituted by 16×16 block unit so as to remove a blocking existing at the boundary region of the second macro block.

In a further aspect of the present invention, a loop filtering method in a video coder includes the steps of initializing a strength of a first macro block(block 1)(block2) as ‘0’, determining St=max(St,2) if the first macro block is an intra-coded block or has a non-zero transform coefficient, determining St=max(St,1) if a motion vector difference in the first macro block is equal to or greater than ‘1’, and carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block in accordance with the determined strength of each block, wherein max(a,b) means a maximum value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

In another further aspect of the present invention, a loop filtering method in a video coder includes the steps of initializing a strength of a first macro block(block 1)(block2) as ‘0’, determining St=max(St,2) if the first macro block is an intra-coded block or has a non-zero transform coefficient, determining St=max(St,1) if a motion vector difference in the first macro block is equal to or greater than ‘1’, and carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block in accordance with the determined strength of the first macro block if the quantization value of the block(block1) is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the two blocks(block1, block2) are not ‘0’ or if the quantization value of the block block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength(St) of one of the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’, wherein max(a,b) means a maximum value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: [0020]
FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a loop filtering process according to an embodiment of the present invention; [0021]
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate block diagrams indicating block locations in horizontal and vertical directions according to the present invention, respectively; [0022]
FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of pixel locations of adjacent blocks according to the present invention; and [0023]
FIG. 4 illustrates a table of LQP values for determining DQP(QP) values according to the present invention.[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. [0025]
Hereinafter, a loop filtering method in a video coder according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention carries out a real-time processing of removing a blocking and a ringing phenomenon in accordance with a pixel location, a coded block pattern, a quantization step size, and a motion vector size in a digital video appliance using the H.26L moving picture compression technique, thereby enabling to improve a video quality of a compression image demanding a low bit rate or high-speed processing. [0026]
First, explained in detail is a real-time processing technique of removing “blocking” and “ringing” by predicting an original video for correlation between pixels in accordance with a quantization variable QP, a coded block pattern, and a motion vector size available for a decoder(not shown in the drawing). [0027]
When an original video f is transmitted as a compressed form, a video restructured in a decoder can be expressed by the following Formula 1-1. [0028]
Formula 1-1 [0029]
g=f+n,
where g, f, and n are a compression video rearranged in a scanning order, an original video, and a column vector of quantization error, respectively. [0030]
A relation between respective pixels can be expressed by the following Formula 1-2 in order to process the Formula 1-1 by pixel unit. [0031]
Formula 1-2 [0032]
g(i,j)=f(i,j)+n(i,j),
where i and j indicate a location of a pixel in vertical and horizontal directions. [0033]
An additional function can be defined as the following Formula 1-3 when reliability of original pixels and 1-dimensional smoothing function for each pixel are used together with a regularization. Firstly, a horizontal direction is considered. [0034]
Formula 1-3 [0035]
M{f(i,j)}=M _P {f(i,j)}+M _N {f(i,j)},
where M[0036] _Pand M_Nare functions representing reliability smoothing degrees of left and right directions for a pixel f(i,j), respectively.
And, such functions are be defined as the following Formula 1-4, where the M[0037] _Pand M_Nare the functions considering f(i,j) & f(i,j−1) and f(i,j) & f(i,j+1), respectively.
Formula 1-4 [0038]
M _P {f(i,j)}=α_P {f(i,j)−f(i,j−1)}²+(1−α_P){g(i,j)−f(i,j)}²
M _N {f(i,j)}=α_N {f(i,j)−f(i,j−1)}²+(1−α_N){g(i,j)−f(i,j)}²
Each of the first terms of right sides in Formula 1-4 indicates irregularity with an adjacent pixel, i.e. a difference from an adjacent pixel, for the pixel f(i,j), and each of the second terms indicates a reliability for the original pixel f(i,j). Moreover, α[0039] _Pand α_Nmean regularization parameters representing ratios between irregular and reliability terms defined in the functions, respectively. And, α_Pand α_Nare parameters adjusting a relative coherence between the two terms in Formula 1-4.
With the above manner, the additional function is defined for each pixel of the moving picture, and the function in a vertical direction is defined by varying the parameter i instead of the parameter j in Formula 1-4. [0040]
Thereafter, if a differential is applied to the additional functions in Formula 1-4 defined for each pixel of the moving picture in order to find a restored video from which the blocking and ringing are removed, the following Formulas 1-5 and 1-6 are attained. [0041] $\begin{matrix} \frac{\partial M {f (i, j)}}{\partial f (i, j)} = \frac{\partial M_{P} {f (i, j)}}{\partial f (i, j)} + \frac{\partial M_{N} {f (i, j)}}{\partial f (i, j)} = 0 & [Formula 1-5] \end{matrix}$
From Formula 1-5, the following Formula 1-6 is found. [0042] $\begin{matrix} \frac{\partial M_{P} {f (i, j)}}{\partial f (i, j)} = \begin{matrix} 2 \partial_{P} {f (i, j) - f (i, j - 1)} - \\ 2 (1 - α_{P}) {g (i, j) - f (i, j)} \end{matrix} \frac{\partial M_{N} {f (i, j)}}{\partial f (i, j)} = \begin{matrix} 2 \partial_{N} {f (i, j) - f (i, j - 1)} - \\ 2 (1 - α_{N}) {g (i, j) - f (i, j)} \end{matrix} & [Formula 1-6] \end{matrix}$
From Formulas 1-5 and 1-6, the pixel to be restored in a horizontal direction can be found by the following Formula 1-7. [0043] $\begin{matrix} f (i, j) = \frac{\begin{matrix} (2 - α_{P} - α_{N}) g (i, j) + \\ α_{P} f (i, j - 1) + α_{N} f (i, j + 1) \end{matrix}}{2} & [Formula 1-7] \end{matrix}$
As the regularization parameters in Formula 1-7 are between “0” and “1”, Formula 1-7 can be defined by the following Formula 1-8. [0044] $\begin{matrix} f (i, j) = \frac{\begin{matrix} (2 - α_{P} - α_{N}) g (i, j) + \\ α_{P} g (i, j - 1) + α_{N} g (i, j + 1) \end{matrix}}{2} & [Formula 1-8] \end{matrix}$
Looking into Formula 1-8, a blocking-removed video of the compression video is determined by the two, left and right pixel values and the regularization parameters by taking the i[0045] _thand j_thvideos as references.
As the two, left and right pixel values can be used for encoding and decoding, two regularization parameter values are set up for attaining the restored video. For this, “set theoretic” is applied to the restoration by pixel unit so as to represent regularization coefficients by the following Formula 1-9, where “set theoretic” is a theory for controlling the parameters α[0046] _Pand α_Nin Formula 1-4. $\begin{matrix} \frac{α_{P}}{1 - α_{P}} = \frac{{f (i, j) - g (i, j)}^{2}}{{f (i, j) - f (i, j - 1)}^{2}} \approx \frac{K_{P} {QP}^{2}}{{g (i, j) - g (i, j - 1)}^{2}}, \frac{α_{N}}{1 - α_{N}} = \frac{{f (i, j) - g (i, j)}^{2}}{{f (i, j) - f (i, j + 1)}^{2}} \approx \frac{K_{N} {QP}^{2}}{{g (i, j) - g (i, j + 1)}^{2}} & [Formula 1-9] \end{matrix}$
K[0047] _Pand K_Nin Formula 1-9 are determined statistically as adaptive parameters depending on a location of a pixel since the irregularities between pixels at a block boundary and an inner block side are different from each other. And, “QP” is a quantization parameter of a macro block to which the pixel f(i,j) belongs.
Even though the restored video from which blocking is removed using Formulas 1-8 and 1-9, the value of the regularization parameter requires a floating-point operation so as to become a problem in aspect of calculation quantity of the filter to remove the “blocking”. [0048]
Therefore, Formulas 1-8 and 1-9 are transformed into the following Formulas 1-10 and 1-11 for integer operation. [0049] $\begin{matrix} f (i, j) = \underline{(2^{9} - α_{P} \times 2^{8} - α_{N} \times 2^{8}) g (i, j) + α_{P} \times 2^{8} \times g (i, j - 1) + α_{N} \times 2^{8} \times g (i, j + 1)} & [Formula 1-10] \\ β_{P} = α_{P} \times 2^{8} = \frac{2^{8} \times K_{P} {QP}^{2}}{K_{P} {QP}^{2} + {g (i, j) - {g (i, j - 1}}^{2}}, β_{N} = α_{N} \times 2^{8} = \frac{2^{8} \times K_{N} {QP}^{2}}{K_{N} {QP}^{2} + {g (i, j) - {g (i, j - 1}}^{2}} & [Formula 1-11] \end{matrix}$
In this case, β[0050] _Pand β_N, as defined in Formula 1-11, are variables attained by multiplying α_Pand α_Nby 2⁸, respectively. Namely, β_Pand β_Nare parameters for making α_Pand α_Ninto integers.
In an algorithm according to the present invention, the regularization parameters as integer forms using Formula 1-11 isomg are generated, and then stored as a look-up table form to be used. [0051]
Hence, Formula 1-10 for blocking filtering can be found by knowing the pixel f(i,j) and locations and quantization parameter values of two pixels adjacent to the pixel f(i,j). [0052]
Meanwhile, in the loop filtering process of the present invention, a video of which blocking in a direction of a horizontal axis is removed by loop-filtering a block of a moving picture is attained, and then the video is loop-filtered in a direction of a vertical axis so as to provide the video of which blocking in a direction of a vertical axis is removed. [0053]
FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart of a loop filtering process according to an embodiment of the present invention. [0054]
Referring to FIG. 1, a loop filtering method according to the present invention includes the steps of determining a strength of a block to be processed in accordance with a coded pattern and a quantization step size of each 4×4 block when a block of a moving picture is loop-filtered in directions of its horizontal and vertical axes(S[0055] 11), carrying out a loop filtering in accordance with the determined strength of the corresponding block(S12), and carrying out an additional loop filtering at a boundary region of a macro block since a relatively big blocking exists at the boundary region of the macro block(S13). This is explained in detail by referring to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and FIG. 3.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate block diagrams indicating block locations in horizontal and vertical directions according to the present invention, respectively, and FIG. 3 illustrates a diagram of pixel locations of adjacent blocks according to the present invention, in which block locations in directions of horizontal and vertical axes are shown. [0056]
First of all, the step of determining the block strength St and a filtering state is explained as follows. [0057]
The step of determining the block strength St and a filtering state is a process for determining the H.26L system as standards, for which TML(test model long-term number 5) is in progress. In this case, the TML compresses a video by taking a 4×4 block as a reference. [0058]
The TML(test model long-term) moving picture compression system uses a technique of removing spatial and temporal redundancy information from an encoder so as to transmit spatially & temporally compressed information and additional information required for decoding. Of course, in order to remove the redundancy information on a temporal domain, MPEG(moving picture expert group) and H.263 motion compensation system according to the related art are used. The technique of removing the blocking using a basic mechanism of such a TML system is generally treated by 4×4 block unit. [0059]
In this case, H.263 and H.26L are moving picture compression standards proposed by ITU-T(international telecommunications union—telecommunication). [0060]
The system for removing the blocking according to the present invention may follow the system of the related art. Yet, the filtering state is determined by the following [0061] pre-treatment steps 1 to 3 since the degree of the blocking differs in accordance with a coded block pattern, a quantization step size, and a motion vector size.
[0062] Step 1
Strength St of each 4×4 block is initialized by ‘0’(St=0). [0063]
[0064] Step 2
If each of the 4×4 blocks is an intra-coded block or has a non-zero transform coefficient, St=max(St,[0065] 2).
[0066] Step 3
If a motion vector difference between two blocks block[0067] 1 and block2 in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b) is equal to or greater than “1”, St=Max(St,1).
In this case, max(a,b) means a maximum value of “a” and “b”. Namely, max(a,b) is a function for selecting a greater value from “a” and “b”. [0068]
Moreover, after the strength St of each of the blocks has been determined, the loop filtering is carried out in accordance with the quantization size of each of the blocks. [0069]
For carrying out the loop filtering, the quantization sizes of the two blocks block[0070] 1 and block2 are as follows.
First case is that the quantization value of the block block[0071] 1 is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the two blocks block1 and block2 are not “0”. And, second case is that the quantization value of the block block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength St of one of the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’.
In this case, the filtering state is determined differently in accordance with the quantization size because an adaptive treatment is performed due to the dominating generation of blocking in case of a great quantization size. [0072]
Therefore, when the conditions for the [0073] pre-treatment steps 1 to 3 are met, the loop filtering process is carried out by the following manner.
First, pixel locations of two blocks block[0074] 1 and block2 are shown in FIG. 3. If the above-defined filtering state of each of the blocks is satisfied, values of pixels c, d, e, and f are found by the following Formula 2-1(for calculating filter coefficient values to be used in Formula 2-5).
Formula 2-1 [0075]
r1=reg{St₁,QP,abs(b-c)},
r2=reg{St₁,QP,abs(c-d)},
r3=reg{max(St₁+1 ,St₂+1), QP ,abs(d-e)},
r4=reg{St₂,QP,abs(e-f)},
r5=reg{St₂,QP,abs(f-g)}
From Formula 2-1, reg(.) is defined by the following Formula 2-2. [0076] $\begin{matrix} reg (St, QP, Diff) = \frac{256 \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)}{Diff \times Diff + M (St) \times DQP (QP)}, & [Formula 2-2] \end{matrix}$
where Diff is a random value and ‘abs’ indicates a function of absolute value. [0077]
And, M(St) is defined by the following Formula 2-3. [0078]
Formula 2-3 [0079]
M(St=0)=1/6,
M(St=1)=4/16,
M(St=2)=8/16,
M(St=3)=1
And, DQP(QP) is explained by referring to FIG. 4 as follows. [0080]
FIG. 4 illustrates a table of LQP values for determining DQP(QP) values according to the present invention. Namely, DQP(QP) is defined by the following Formula 2-4, and can be found by substituting the LQP values shown in the table of FIG. 4. LQP is a quantization table defined in H.26L, and DQP defines a quantization error range in accordance with the quantization table defined in H.26L as defined by Formula 2-4. Namely, the LQP values are “620”, “553”, “429”, . . . , “24”, and “22” if the quantization variables QP are “0”, ”1”, “30”, and “31”, respectively. Namely, as the quantization variable(0, 1, 2, . . . , 30, 31) increases sequentially, the LQP value decreases with a predetermined value(620, 553, 492, . . . , 24, and 22). [0081] $\begin{matrix} DQP (QP) = \frac{676}{LQP (QP)} & [Formula 2-4] \end{matrix}$
Formula 1-11 is equivalent to Formula 2-2, and QP[0082] ², K_P(or K_N), and {g(i,j)−g(i,j−1)} in Formula 1-11 are parameters equivalent to DQP(QP), M(St), and Diff in Formula 2-2, respectively.
Hence, the filtered values of the pixels c, d, e, and f are calculated by the following Formula 2-5 using the defined parameters. [0083]
Formula 2-5 [0084]
c _mod={(512−r ₁ −r ₂)×c+r ₁ ×b+r ₂ ×d+256}>>9
d _mod={(512−r ₂ −r ₃)×d+r ₂ ×c+r ₃ ×e+256}>>9
e _mod={(512−r ₃ −r ₄)×c+r ₃ ×e+r ₄ ×f+256}>>9
f _mod={(512−r ₄ −r ₅)×f+r ₄ ×e+r ₅ ×g+256}>>9,
where “>>” means a bit shift, and C[0085] _mod, d_mod, e_mod, and f_modmean values of filtering c˜f having the blocking shown in FIG. 3.
Meanwhile, the result from the above-explained processing brings about an effect of removing the blocking and ringing with satisfaction. Yet, micro blocking still exists in the boundary region of the macro block constituted by 16×16 block unit. In order to settle the micro blocking, an additional filtering, as shown in Formula 2-6, is carried out on the pixel lying at the boundary region of the macro block. [0086]
d _mod=(c _mod+13×d _mod+2×e _mod+8)>>4
e _mod=(2×d _mod+13×e _mod +f _mod+8)>>4,
if QP>16 and d and e are macro block boundary pixels. [0087]
Accordingly, the present invention carries out a real-time processing of removing a blocking and a ringing phenomenon in accordance with a pixel location, a coded block pattern, a quantization step size, and a motion vector size in a digital video appliance using the H.26L moving picture compression technique, thereby enabling to improve a video quality of a compression image demanding a low bit rate or high-speed processing. [0088]
The forgoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teachings can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. [0089]

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A loop filtering method in a video coder, comprising the steps of:

carrying out a first loop filtering on a first macro block having block1 and block2 in a direction of a horizontal axis; and

carrying out a second loop filtering on the first macro block in a direction of a vertical axis after completion of the first loop filtering.

2. The loop filtering method of claim 1, the first and second loop filterings comprising:

a first step of determining a strength of a block processed in accordance with a coded pattern and a quantization step size of the first macro block;

a second step of carrying out the first loop filtering in accordance with the determined strength of the block; and

a third step of carrying out the second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block.

3. The loop filtering method of claim 2, wherein the first macro block is constituted by 4×4 block unit.

4. The loop filtering method of claim 2, wherein the second macro block is constituted by 16×16 block unit.

5. The loop filtering method of claim 2, the first step comprising the steps of: initializing the strength(St) of the first macro block as ‘0’;

determining St=max(St,2) if the first macro block is an intra-coded block or has a non-zero transform coefficient; and

determining St=max(St,1) if a motion vector difference in the first macro block is equal to or greater than ‘1’, wherein max(a,b) means a maximum value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

6. The loop filtering method of claim 2, wherein the second step is carried out in a manner that, assuming that first pixels(a, b, c, d) exist in the block1 and second pixels(e, f, g, h) exist in the block2 adjacent to the block1, values of the pixels(c, d, e, f) are determined by formulas comprising:

c _mod={(512−r ₁ −r ₂)×c+r ₁ ×b+r ₂ ×d+256}>>9; d _mod={(512−r ₂ −r ₃)×d+r ₂ ×c+r ₃ ×e+256}>>9; e _mod={(512−r ₃ −r ₄)×c+r ₃ ×e+r ₄ ×f+256}>>9; f _mod={(512−r ₄ −r ₅)×f+r ₄ ×e+r ₅ ×g+256}>>9; r1=reg{St₁,QP,abs(b-c)}; r2=reg{St₁,QP,abs(c-d)}; r3=reg{max(St₁+1,St₂+1),QP,abs(d-e)}; r4=reg{St₂,QP,abs(e-f)}; r5=reg{St₂,QP,abs(f-g)}; and

reg (St, QP, Diff) = \frac{256 \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)}{Diff \times Diff + M (St) \times DQP (QP)},

wherein the “>>” is a bit shift, ‘abs’ indicates a function of absolute value, and C_mod, d_mod, e_mod, and f_modmean values of filtering c˜f having blocking.

7. The loop filtering method of claim 6, wherein integer operation using parameters is determined adaptively by formulas comprising:

M(St=0)=1/6; M(St=1)=4/16; M(St=2)=8/16; M(St=3)=1;

and

DQP (QP) = \frac{676}{LQP (QP)},

wherein the LQP value decreases with a predetermined value as the quantization variable(QP) increases sequentially.

8. The loop filtering method of claim 2, wherein the step of carrying out the first loop filtering is carried out when the quantization value of the block1 is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the block1 and block2 are not ‘0’ and when the quantization value of the block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength(St) of one of is the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’.

9. The loop filtering method of claim 2, wherein the third step is carried out by formulas comprising:

d _mod=(c _mod+13×d _mod+2×e _mod+8)>>4;

and

e _mod=(2×d _mod+13×e _mod +f _mod+8)>>4,

if QP>16 and wherein d and e are pixels existing at a boundary between macro blocks.

10. A loop filtering method in a video coder, comprising the steps of:

determining a strength of a block to be processed in accordance with a coded pattern and a quantization step size of a first macro block having block1 and block2 constituted by 4×4 block unit;

carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block in accordance with the determined strength; and

carrying out a second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block constituted by 16×16 block unit so as to remove a blocking existing at the boundary region of the second macro block.

11. The loop filtering method of claim 10, wherein the first and second loop filterings are carried out in directions of horizontal and vertical axes for the first and second macro blocks, respectively.

12. The loop filtering method of claim 10, wherein the step of carrying out the second lop filtering is carried out by formulas comprising:

d _mod=(c _mod+13×d _mod+2×e _mod+8)>>4;

and

e _mod=(2×d _mod+13×e _mod +f _mod+8)>>4,

13. The loop filtering method of claim 10, the step of determining the strength of the first macro block, comprising the steps of:

initializing the strength of the first macro block as ‘0’;

14. The loop filtering method of claim 10, wherein the first loop filtering is carried out in a manner that, assuming that first pixels(a, b, c, d) exist in the block(block1) and second pixels(e, f, g, h) exist in the block(block2) adjacent to the block(block1), values of the pixels(c, d, e, f) are determined by formulas comprising:

c _mod={(512−r ₁ −r ₂)×c+r ₁ ×b+r ₂ ×d+256}>>9; d _mod={(512−r ₂ −r ₃)×d+r ₂ ×c+r ₃ ×e+256}>>9; e _mod={(512−r ₃ −r ₄)×c+r ₃ ×e+r ₄ ×f+256}>>9; f _mod={(512−r ₄ −r ₅)×f+r ₄ ×e+r ₅ ×g+256}>>9; r1=reg{St₁,QP,abs(b-c)}; r2=reg{St₁,QP,abs(c-d)}; r3=reg{max(St₁+1,St₂+1),QP,abs(d-e)}; r4=reg{St₂,QP,abs(e-f)}; r5=reg{St₂,QP,abs(f-g)};

and

reg (St, QP, Diff) = \frac{256 \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)}{Diff \times Diff \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)},

15. The loop filtering method of claim 14, wherein integer operation using parameters is determined adaptively by formulas comprising:

M(St=0)=1/6; M(St=1)=4/16; M(St=2)=8/16; M(St=3)=1;

and

DQP (QP) = \frac{676}{LQP (QP)},

16. The loop filtering method of claim 10, wherein the step of carrying out the first loop filtering is carried out when the quantization value of the block1 is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the block1 and block2 are not ‘0’ and when the quantization value of the block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength(St) of one of the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’.

17. A loop filtering method in a video coder, comprising the steps of:

initializing a strength of a first macro block having block1 and block2 as ‘0’;

determining St=max(St,2) if the first macro block is an intra-coded block or has a non-zero transform coefficient;

determining St=max(St,1) if a motion vector difference in the first macro block is equal to or greater than ‘1’; and

carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block in accordance with the determined strength of each block, wherein max(a,b) means a maximum value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

18. The loop filtering method of claim 17, further comprising a step of carrying out a second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block.

19. The loop filtering method of claim 18, wherein the step of carrying out the second lop filtering is carried out by formulas comprising:

d _mod=(c _mod+13×d _mod+2×e _mod+8)>>4;

and

e _mod=(2×d _mod+13 e _mod +f _mod+8)>>4,

20. The loop filtering method of claim 17, wherein the first loop filtering is carried out in a manner that, assuming that first pixels(a, b, c, d) exist in the block(block1) and second pixels(e, f, g, h) exist in the block(block2) adjacent to the block(block1), values of the pixels(c, d, e, f) are determined by formulas comprising:

and

reg (St, QP, Diff) = \frac{256 \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)}{Diff \times Diff \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)},

21. The loop filtering method of claim 20, wherein integer operation using parameters is determined adaptively by formulas comprising:

M(St=0)=1/6; M(St=1)=4/16; M(St=2)=8/16; M(St=3) =1;

and

DQP (QP) = \frac{676}{LQP (QP)},

22. The loop filtering method of claim 17, wherein the step of carrying out the first loop filtering is carried out when the quantization value of the block1 is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the block1 and block2 are not ‘0’ and when the quantization value of the block block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength(St) of one of the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’.

23. A loop filtering method in a video coder, comprising the steps of:

carrying out a first loop filtering on the first macro block in accordance with the determined strength of the first macro block if the quantization value of the block1 is smaller than ‘21’ and the strengths of the block1 and block2 are not ‘0’ or if the quantization value of the block1 is greater than ‘20’ and the strength(St) of one of the two blocks block1 and block2 is not ‘0’, wherein max(a,b) means a maximum value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

24. The loop filtering method of claim 23, further comprising a step of carrying out a second loop filtering on a block located at a boundary region of a second macro block.

25. The loop filtering method of claim 24, wherein the step of carrying out the second lop filtering is carried out by formulas comprising:

d _mod=(c _mod+13×d _mod+2×e _mod+8)>>4;

and

e _mod=(2×d _mod+13×e _mod +f _mod+8)>>4,

26. The loop filtering method of claim 23, wherein the first loop filtering is carried out in a manner that, assuming that first pixels(a, b, c, d) exist in the block(block1) and second pixels(e, f, g, h) exist in the block(block2) adjacent to the block(block1), values of the pixels(c, d, e, f) are determined by formulas comprising:

c _mod={(512−r ₁ −r ₂)×c+r ₁ ×b+r ₂ ×d+256}>>9; d _mod={(512−r ₂ −r ₃)×d+r ₂ ×c+r ₃ ×e+256}>>9; e _mod={(512−r ₃ −r ₄)×c+r ₃ ×e+r ₄ ×f+256}>>9; f _mod={(512−r ₄ −r ₅)×f+r ₄ ×e+r ₅ ×g+256}>>9; r1=reg{St₁,QP,abs(b-c)}; r2=reg{St₁,QP,abs(c-d)}; r3=reg{max(St₁+1 ,St₂+1),QP,abs(d-e)}; r4=reg{St₂,QP,abs(e-f)}; r5=reg{St₂,QP,abs(f-g)};

and

reg (St, QP, Diff) = \frac{256 \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)}{Diff \times Diff \times M (St) \times DQP (QP)},

27. The loop filtering method of claim 26, wherein integer operation using parameters is determined adaptively by formulas comprising:

M(St=0)=1/6; M(St=1)=4/16; M(St=2)=8/16; M(St=3)=1;

and

DQP (QP) = \frac{676}{LQP (QP)},