US20020195855A1

US20020195855A1 - Shape-changing support, such as for seating

Info

Publication number: US20020195855A1
Application number: US09/885,877
Authority: US
Inventors: David Teppo; Robert Pekar
Original assignee: Steelcase Development Inc
Current assignee: Steelcase Development Inc
Priority date: 2001-06-20
Filing date: 2001-06-20
Publication date: 2002-12-26
Also published as: US6616228B2; US20020195853A1

Abstract

A back construction for a seating unit includes a plastic back shell having a flexible lumbar region and configured to support a seated user's torso, and a lumbar adjustment mechanism in the form of a pleated bladder attached to a face of the flexible shell so that when the pleated bladder expands in a thickness direction and simultaneously shortens in a vertical/longitudinal direction, the back panel is flexed to a different more curved shape in its lumbar region. The lumbar adjustment device can be removably or permanently attached to the back shell, and the back shell can be pivotally attached to a rigid back support at one or more locations.

Description

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to seating units providing a shape-changing support for a seated user, and more particularly relates to a back having a flexible lumbar region and lumbar adjustment mechanism that constricts to change a shape of the lumbar region. However, the present invention is not believed to be limited to only backs.

Many modern chairs often include a lumbar support placed on a front surface of a back support or integrated into a chair back. The lumbar support forms a new shape chosen to provide increased user comfort. Sometimes the lumbar supports are incorporated into the back, and sometimes they are made vertically adjustable. However, many of these constructions result in a back construction that is noticeably thick and heavy in appearance, which is undesirable in many chair designs. Further, it is preferable that the adjusting mechanism not merely be an extra device with multiple pieces assembled onto a back, but instead that it be well integrated into the back. Also, it is preferable that the adjustment device be multi-functional and provide more than just adjustment to the lumbar region of a back, and that it be durable, long-lasting, and low cost. Still further, it is preferable that any adjustable lumbar mechanism be easy to adjust and also intuitive to adjust and use, but that it use few pieces.

Most chairs last a long time. It is desirable to provide an adjustable lumbar mechanism that can be sold as an option already installed on a seating unit, or that can be sold and installed after the original sale of the chair (i.e. field-installed), and/or that can be easily removed for cleaning and/or replacement, and yet that is secure and visually blends in well with the aesthetics and appearance of the chair.

Accordingly, an apparatus is desired having the aforementioned advantages and solving the aforementioned disadvantages and problems.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In one aspect of the present invention, a back construction for a seating unit includes a flexible back panel configured to support a seated user's torso, and a bladder attached to the flexible back panel so that when the bladder expands in one direction and simultaneously shortens in a different direction, the back panel is flexed to a different shape.

In another aspect of the present invention, a back construction for a seating unit includes a rigid back frame, a flexible back panel attached to and supported by the back frame at spaced-apart points, and a constrictable energy mechanism operably coupled to the flexible back panel at spaced-apart locations so that, when the energy mechanism is energized and constricts, the back panel is flexed to a different shape.

In still another aspect of the present invention, a shape-changeable component for a furniture unit includes a flexible plastic panel having a face, and an inflatable member operably attached to the plastic panel and lying on the plastic panel so that when the inflatable member expands in one direction and simultaneously shortens in a different direction, the plastic panel is flexed to a different shape.

These and other aspects, objects, and features of the present invention will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon studying the following specification, claims, and appended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIGS. [0009] 1-3 are front, side, and top views of a back construction including a flexible shell and a removable back covering incorporating an air bladder adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism being inflatable to cause a shape change in a lumbar region of the shell;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of a bottom portion of the back shell and bladder in the circled area IV in FIG. 2, the back frame being removed for clarity; [0010]
FIG. 5 is a front view of a back cover assembly including the adjustable lumbar support mechanism shown in FIG. 1; [0011]
FIG. 5A is a cross section taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 4, the air bladder being inflated and in an energized state; [0012]
FIG. 5B is a cross section similar to FIG. 4A, but the air bladder being uninflated and in a relaxed state; [0013]
FIGS. 5C and 5D are enlargements of the circled areas VC and VD in FIGS. 5A and 5B; [0014]
FIGS. 6 and 6A are front and side views of a modified back construction including a permanently-attached inflated/energized lumbar adjustment mechanism; [0015]
FIG. 6B is a side view similar to FIG. 6A, but with the bladder deflated; [0016]
FIGS. [0017] 7-8 are perspective and side views of another modified back construction including a permanently-attached inflated/energized lumbar adjustment mechanism.
FIG. 9 is a side view similar to FIG. 8, but with the bladder deflated; [0018]
FIG. 9A is a fragmentary perspective view of an inside of the rear upright showing details of the slide mechanism in FIGS. [0019] 7-9; and
FIGS. [0020] 10-12 are views of another modified back construction, the views of FIGS. 10-12 being similar to FIGS. 7-9 above.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present illustrated back construction [0021] 20 (FIG. 1) is usable in the environment of an office chair having a castored spider-legged base, a seat, and an underseat control for pivoting the back 20 and seat with a synchronous motion upon recline of the back 20. A more detailed description of one such chair can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, issued Nov. 2, 1999, entitled CHAIR INCLUDING NOVEL BACK CONSTRUCTION, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Nonetheless, it should be understood that the present invention is contemplated to be adaptable for any seating unit or other furniture utilizing a flexible support.
The illustrated [0022] back 20 of FIG. 1 includes an arching back frame 25, and a sheet-like flexible plastic back shell 26 pivotally attached to the back frame 25 at top and bottom locations 33 and 34 (FIG. 2). The general operation and interaction of back shell 26 and back frame 25 are described below in sufficient detail for an understanding of the present invention, but details can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, if the reader desires this information.
The back shell [0023] 26 (FIG. 1) has a “potato chip” like shape, with its front surface having a horizontal cross section that is forwardly concave and a vertical cross section that is forwardly convex. The back shell 26 has a flexible lumbar region 27 connecting stiff thoracic and pelvic regions 28 and 29. The lumbar region 27 includes a pair of vertical edge strips 30 and 31, and a plurality of horizontally extending strips 32 separated by slots extending between the edge strips 30 and 31 to define a flexible lumbar area. A belt bracket 35 extends along a lower edge of the back shell 26, and includes forwardly extending flanges 36 that define the bottom pivots 34. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, a biasing device is provided on the lower pivot to bias the lumbar region forwardly. In the present construction, a muscle-like air bladder energy mechanism is provided in a cover assembly 37, as described below, for changing a shape of the lumbar region 27 of the back shell 26.
The cover assembly [0024] 37 (FIG. 5) includes a sock-like top section 38 sewn of upholstery or fabric to define a downwardly-facing pocket 38′ that fits mateably over a top edge of the back shell 26 (FIG. 1) and onto the thoracic region 28. A center section 39 of the cover assembly 37 extends downwardly over a center area of the lumbar and pelvic regions 27 and 29. A stiff strip 40 is sewn along a bottom edge of the center section 39, and is shaped to fit mateably into a recess 41′ (FIG. 4) in a bottom edge of the back shell 26 with a zipper-like motion, where it is frictionally retained. Fasteners can be used for additional retainment, if desired. It is contemplated that other releasable or permanent top and bottom attachment devices can also be used.
A [0025] constrictable energy mechanism 39′ in the form of a pleated bladder is attached to the center section 39 (FIG. 5). The energy mechanism 39′ extends vertically downwardly onto a front panel of the top section 38. The energy mechanism 39′ comprises a laminate (see FIGS. 5C and 5D) with a non-stretchable first inner layer 41 providing strength and flexibility (such as nylon fiber, woven fabric, or the like), and second and third layers 42 and 43 that are air impermeable (or fluid impermeable) (such as rubber or elastomer), and that define a bladder 45 having horizontal cavities 46 (also called “sub-bladders”) for receiving air (or other fluid). (It is noted that instead of horizontal cavities, the cavities can be round, oval, or other shapes.) As illustrated, a fourth layer 44 similar to layer 41 is provided. It is contemplated that a variety of different materials can be used to form the bladder, and further, that different inflating fluids can be used other than air.
In the illustrated arrangement, the first and [0026] fourth layers 41 and 44 are the outermost and innermost layers, respectively, and are nylon sheets that allow flexibility but that provide good strength in directions within the sheets. For example, 200 denier nylon woven sheeting will work for this purpose. The second and third layers 42 and 43 are elastomeric film, such as ether-based urethane, having an 85 Durometer. The layers 41-44 are bonded together by radio frequency (RF) welding or other bonding technique around their perimeter to define a bladder. The layers 41-44 are further bonded together at multiple horizontal pleats 47 (FIG. 6) that extend partially horizontally across the bladder area to subdivide the bladder into multiple discrete horizontally-extending sub-bladders 46 between the pleats. The sub-bladders 46 are connected at edges by air-communicating edge passages 48. An air line 49 is attached to the bladder 45, and a hand pump 50 is attached to the air line 49. The pump 50 can be located at different locations. As illustrated, the pump 50 (FIG. 6A) is located along a side of the seat 23, but it could also be located under an armrest 51 of the chair, under the seat 23, on the back 20 such as at a bottom or at a top in a headrest area, on a base of the chair, or at other locations. The air pump 50 includes a flexible bulbous member 51 that can be repeatedly manually squeezed to pump air through the line 49 into the bladder 45, and further includes a valve 52 that can be opened to release air from the bladder through line 49 to atmosphere. It is contemplated that a powered air pump, such as a battery-powered pump, could be used instead of a manual pump. Further, a flowable fluid other than air could be used, such as a liquid pumped from a container under the seat.
When deflated or uninflated (see FIGS. 5A and 5C), the illustrated [0027] energy mechanism 39′ has a thickness of about 5 mm, and the pleats 47 are spaced vertically apart about 15 mm to 20 mm, or more preferably about 19 mm apart. When inflated, each sub-bladder 46 expands from its “linear” shape toward a cylindrical horizontal shape (see FIGS. 5B and 5D), such that a gross vertical length of the cover assembly 37 shortens. If the back shell 26 had a flat horizontal cross section, this shortening of the bladder would cause the back shell 26 to bend toward a more planar condition. However, since the edge strips 30 and 31 of the back shell 26 are forward of the sub-bladders 46, the illustrated back shell 26 actually flexes toward a more curvilinear shape as the sub-bladders 46 are inflated. (Compare FIG. 5A, which has a deep concave shape shown by dimension T₁, and FIG. 5B, which has a shallower concave shape shown by dimension T₂.) Notably, the total surface length of the outer and inner layers 41 and 44 always stays the same. As a result, when the bladder 45 is inflated, it reacts much like a human muscle and shortens. For example, the spacing between pleats 47 changes from a dimension “X” of about 19 mm (FIG. 5D) to a vertical spacing of about 13 to 15 mm (dimension “Y”, FIG. 5C) (depending on the amount of air pumped into the bladder 45).
To operate the present invention, the chair [0028] 21 is originally provided with the air bladder 45 not inflated. In this condition, the back shell 26 has a predetermined curved shape, as determined by parameters of the chair 21. The cover assembly 37 lies generally flat against the back shell 26 and provides a small amount of comfort on a front of the back shell to a seated user. As air is pumped into the bladder 45, the sub-bladders 46 begin to inflate. This causes the bladder 45 to shorten in a length direction. In turn, the back shell 26 is stressed as the bladder 45 shortens and the edge strips 31 and 31 resist shortening. This causes the back shell 26 to change its shape and flex toward a more curved shape. Also, the air provides some additional cushioned support to a seated user. When air is released from the bladder 45, the process is reversed, and the back shell 26 moves toward a more linear shape (which is closer to its natural unstressed shape). It is noted that the back shell 26 can be made with enough internal strength to flex toward the relaxed convex shape as shown in FIG. 5A. Alternatively, a biasing device (such as is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,634, previously incorporated by reference) can be used to assist in biasing the back shell to its forwardly convex shape. It is noted that the illustrated bladder 45 acts both to bias the back shell 26 to a more concave shape, but also combines with the back shell 26 to act like (and produce lumbar support forces similar to) a stiffer back shell (26) (e.g. a back shell made of stiffer material or made with a thicker dimension).
It is noted that the air in [0029] bladder 45 provides both an energizing system, and also a cushioning action for supporting a seated user. This multi-functional use has advantages in terms of comfort to a seated user. If the air is heated, the air bladder has further functional benefits. It is noted that a liquid can be used instead of air, if desired. In such case, the liquid could be stored in a reservoir anywhere on the chair, such as under the seat, in an armrest, in the back, or in the base of the chair.
By controlling the vertical spacing of the [0030] pleats 47, the operation of flexing the lumbar region 27 is greatly affected. For example, closer vertical spacing of the pleats 47 results in a cover assembly 37 that does not shorten as much as it is filled with air. In turn, closer spacing of the pleats 47 results in a lumbar adjustment mechanism that is not able to make as great of a change to the shape of the lumbar region 27. Also, the back shell itself can be given different original concave shapes. Thus, the combined system of the back shell and the cover assembly is important to overall operation. It is contemplated that the bladder 45 could also be positioned horizontally, instead of vertically, such that its operation causes a horizontal shape change. Still further, a horizontal bladder and a vertical bladder (and/or an angled bladder) can be overlaid or used together to control the back shape in all directions, or the sub-bladder shapes can be dome-shaped, elongated but nonlinear (e.g. L-shaped or Z-shaped), elongated in multiple directions (e.g. X-shaped or Y-shaped), or any other shape desired.
A modified back [0031] construction 20A is shown in FIGS. 6-6B, a second modified back construction 20B is shown in FIGS. 7-9 on chair 21B, and a third modified back construction 20C is shown in FIGS. 10-12. In these embodiments, all similar or identical features and components are identified using the same number as used in back construction 20, but with the addition of a letter “A”, “B”, or “C”. This is intended to reduce redundant discussion, and not for another purpose. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that principles discussed in regard to each embodiment will apply to the other embodiments.
The modified back [0032] construction 20A (FIG. 6) includes a back shell 26A, a bladder 45A permanently attached to the back shell 26A, and upholstery (not specifically shown) attached over the bladder 45A and back shell 26A to aesthetically cover the same. More specifically, the bladder 45A includes top and bottom stiff edge sections 54A and 55A attached with rivets 56A and 57A. The bladder 45A includes pleats 47A subdividing it into sub-bladders 46A. The remaining components and operation are identical to or very similar to the back construction 20, and thus the details will not be repeated to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Another modified back [0033] construction 20B (FIG. 8) is shown as part of a chair 21B having a castored spider-legged base 22B, a seat 23B, the back construction 20B, and an underseat control 24B for pivoting the back 20B and seat 23B with a synchronous motion upon recline of the back 20B. In chair 21B, the back construction 20B includes a back frame 25B pivoted to the base 22B under the seat 23B at pivot location 24B′ for reclining movement. A biasing device, such as a torsion spring, is attached at the pivot location 24B′. A flexible back shell 26B is pivotally attached to a top of the back frame 25B, but is slidably supported at its lower edge by a slide member 59B on a lower portion of the back frame 25B. When inflated, the bladder 45B causes the back shell 26B to flex from its semi-linear shape (FIG. 9) toward a more curved shape (FIG. 8), causing the slide member 59B to slide upwardly along the back frame 25B. The back frame (or upright) 25B includes a vertical slot 60B and a follower 61B attached to a bottom edge of the back shell 26B is slidably coupled to the slot 60B. Top and bottom ends of the slot 60B limit flexing of the back shell 26B by engaging the follower 61B as the back shell 26B is flexed. A spring 72B is attached between the follower 61B and the top pivot connection 73B on a top of the back frame 25B. The spring 72B compliments leaf-spring-like edge strips 30B and 31B to cause the back shell 26B to naturally move toward a curved shape.
[0034] Back construction 20B′ (FIG. 9A) replaces the slot 60B and follower 61B with a channel/track 63B′ formed on an inside of the upright back frame 25B′, and an elongated follower 64B′ that rides in the channel/track 63B′. Straps 65B′ hold the follower 64B′ in the channel/track 63B′, and also act as upper and lower limits as the shell-attachment brackets 66B′ engages them.
Back construction [0035] 20C (FIG. 11) is similar to the back construction 20B (FIG. 8), except back construction 20C has a one-piece member 69C with a rigid L-shaped back frame 25C coupled to the back shell 26C by a living hinge 70C. Also, a hook 71C can be provided on the lower leg of the L-shaped back frame 25C. Optionally, hook 71C is designed to hookingly engage a flat member, such as a bench or bleacher seat in a football stadium.
It is to be understood that variations and modifications can be made on the aforementioned structure without departing from the concepts of the present invention, and further it is to be understood that such concepts are intended to be covered by the following claims unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise. [0036]

Claims

We claim:

1. A back construction for a seating unit comprising:

a flexible back panel configured to support a seated user's torso; and

a bladder attached to the flexible back panel so that when the bladder expands in one direction and simultaneously shortens in a different direction, the back panel is flexed to a different shape.

2. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder is elongated, and wherein the different direction that shortens extends parallel a length of the elongated bladder.

3. The back construction defined in claim 2, wherein the one dimension is parallel a thickness direction.

4. The back construction defined in claim 3, wherein the length extends in a vertical direction.

5. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder includes multiple pleats that extend in a direction perpendicular to the different direction.

6. The back construction defined in claim 5, wherein the pleats extend horizontally.

7. The back construction defined in claim 1, including a fluid pump operably connected to the bladder.

8. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the back panel includes a lumbar section that is flexible.

9. The back construction defined in claim 8, wherein the back panel includes a stiff top section and a stiff bottom section connected together by the lumbar section.

10. The back construction defined in claim 9, wherein the lumbar section includes vertically-extending side strips that flex, and includes horizontally extending strips that extend between the side strips.

11. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder extends vertically from top to bottom of the back shell, but extends only partially horizontally across the back shell.

12. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder is removably attached to the back shell.

13. The back construction defined in claim 12, including a cover assembly having a sock top shaped to slide onto and engage a top of the back shell.

14. The back construction defined in claim 13, wherein the cover assembly includes a releasable bottom connector shaped to releasably engage a bottom of the back shell.

15. The back construction defined in claim 1, including a cover assembly with angled side edges extending non-parallel to side edges of back shell, the cover assembly being attached to the back shell and incorporating the bladder.

16. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder is riveted to the back shell.

17. The back construction defined in claim 1, wherein the bladder includes multiple layers, at least one structural layer being flexible but non-stretchable and providing strength, and at least one elastic layer being flexible and air-impermeable to provide an air-receiving cavity.

18. The back construction defined in claim 17, wherein the at least one structural layer includes nylon, and the at least one elastic layer includes urethane.

19. The back construction defined in claim 1, including an air pump operably connected to the bladder.

20. A back construction for a seating unit comprising:

a rigid back frame;

a flexible back panel attached to and supported by the back frame at spaced-apart points; and

a constrictable energy mechanism operably coupled to the flexible back panel at spaced-apart locations so that, when the energy mechanism is energized and constricts, the back panel is flexed to a different shape.

21. The back construction defined in claim 20, wherein the back panel is slidably attached to the back frame at a bottom location.

22. The back construction defined in claim 20, wherein the energy mechanism includes an inflatable bladder.

23. The back construction defined in claim 22, wherein the bladder includes transverse pleats subdividing a length of the bladder into a plurality of sub-compartments.

24. The back construction defined in claim 20, wherein the back panel includes a front surface, and the energy mechanism is laid on and against the front surface.

25. A shape-changeable component for a furniture unit comprising:

a flexible plastic panel having a curvilinear surface;

an inflatable member operably attached to the plastic panel and lying on the curvilinear surface so that when the inflatable member expands in one direction and simultaneously shortens in a different direction, the plastic panel is flexed to a different shape.

26. The component defined in claim 25, wherein the plastic panel forms a seating unit usable for a back of an automobile seat.