US20020127727A1 - Structure and method for performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample - Google Patents
Structure and method for performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample Download PDFInfo
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- US20020127727A1 US20020127727A1 US10/092,837 US9283702A US2002127727A1 US 20020127727 A1 US20020127727 A1 US 20020127727A1 US 9283702 A US9283702 A US 9283702A US 2002127727 A1 US2002127727 A1 US 2002127727A1
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- container
- process path
- sample
- interest
- contents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L7/00—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
- B01L7/52—Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices with provision for submitting samples to a predetermined sequence of different temperatures, e.g. for treating nucleic acid samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N2035/00346—Heating or cooling arrangements
- G01N2035/00356—Holding samples at elevated temperature (incubation)
- G01N2035/00366—Several different temperatures used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
- Y10T436/113332—Automated chemical analysis with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
- Y10T436/113332—Automated chemical analysis with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack
- Y10T436/114165—Automated chemical analysis with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack with step of insertion or removal from test line
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
- Y10T436/113332—Automated chemical analysis with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack
- Y10T436/114998—Automated chemical analysis with conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or rack with treatment or replacement of aspirator element [e.g., cleaning, etc.]
Definitions
- the following relates generally to a structure and a method for determining an item of interest in a sample. More specifically, the following relates to determining an item of interest that may be or include all or portions of a specific region of DNA, RNA, fragments, complements, peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, prions, proteins, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, mitochondrial RNA or DNA, antibodies, antigens, allergens, parts of biological entities such as cells, virons or the like, surface proteins, functional equivalents of the above, etc.
- a number of tests can be performed on a patient sample, such as the patient's bodily fluids.
- These bodily fluids may include serum, whole blood, urine, swabs, plasma, cerebra-spinal fluid, lymph fluids, tissue solids, etc.
- the tests performed on the patient's bodily fluids can determine an item of interest, such as those stated above, in the bodily fluids. Based on the determination of the item of interest in the patient's bodily fluids, information about the patient's health status can be obtained.
- One embodiment described herein provides a method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure.
- a sample is provided accessible to the single structure.
- a first container for processing the sample is placed in a first process path on the single structure.
- the sample is transferred to the first container in the first process path.
- a reagent is added to the first container in the first process path.
- Contents of the first container is mixed in the first process path.
- the item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the first container in the first process path.
- the separated item of interest in the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure.
- Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path.
- the item of interest in the second container is detected in the second process path.
- a sample is transferred to a first container in a first process path on a single structure.
- An item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the first container in the first process path.
- the separated item of interest in the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure.
- Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path.
- the item of interest is detected in the second container in the second process path.
- a sample is transferred to a container in a process path on the single structure.
- An item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the container in the process path.
- Contents of the container is brought to a first temperature in the process path.
- Contents of the container is brought to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path.
- the item of interest is detected in the container in the process path.
- a sample is transferred to a first container in a first process path on the single structure.
- the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure. Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path.
- the item of interest is detected in the second container in the second process path.
- a sample is transferred to a container in a process path on the single structure. Contents of the container is brought to a first temperature on the process path on the single structure. Contents of the container is brought to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path on the single structure. The item of interest is detected in the container in the process path on the single structure.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a structure described herein;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the structure of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3A is a generic top view of another structure described herein;
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the structure shown in FIG. 3A;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a sample queue for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIGS. 5A through 5F are perspective views of elements for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a container and a carrier for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pipette tip loader for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a pipette tip loader for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a container loader for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a container transporter for use with structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 11 is a magnified view of a portion of FIG. 10;
- FIGS. 12A through 12P are perspective views of various embodiments of the container shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 13 illustrates engagement of the container of FIG. 12E with a mixer
- FIG. 14 shows a port provided in operative relationship with the process path of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a pipettor for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 16 illustrates one operation of the pipettor of FIG. 15
- FIG. 17 illustrates another operation of the pipettor of FIG. 15;
- FIG. 18 is an isometric view of a structure substantially similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 19 is an isometric view of a structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 18;
- FIG. 20 is a top view of another structure substantially similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 21 is a top view of an additional structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 20;
- FIG. 22 is a top view of a further structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 21;
- FIG. 23 is a top view of another structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 22;
- FIG. 24 is a top view of yet a further structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 23;
- FIG. 25 is a top view of yet a further structure similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 26 is a top view of yet a further structure similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIGS. 27A through 27F are perspective views of a container and seal for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an optical configuration for use with the structures described herein;
- FIG. 29 is a generic view of operation of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 30A is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 30B is a top view of the portion of FIG. 30A;
- FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 32A is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 32B is a top view of the portion of FIG. 32A.
- FIG. 33 is a generic plan view of a portion of the structures described herein.
- the embodiments described herein relate to methods and structures for determining an item of interest in a sample.
- the item of interest may be a specific region or regions of DNA or RNA, or may be fragments, complements, peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, prions, proteins, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, mitochondrial RNA or DNA, antibodies, antigens, allergens, parts of biological entities such as cells, virons or the like, surface proteins, functional equivalents of any of these, concentrations of any of these or any other desired element of the sample.
- the item of interest may be selected from, but is not limited to specific DNA or RNA regions, antibodies, or antigens including but not limited to, CT, CT/GC, MT, HCV, HBV, HPV, HIV, CMV, HLA, HTLV, and other items related, but not limited to, infectious diseases, genetic markers, cancers, cardiovascular items, pharmacogenetic items, etc.
- the item of interest may be selected from, but not limited to antibodies to HCV, antibodies to HIV 1/HIV 2, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HEsAb), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Total prostate specific antigen (Total PSA), Free PSA, Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG), Free Thyroxine (Free T4), Free triiodothyronine (Free T3), Total T4, Total T3, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estradiol, Prolactin, vitamin B12 (B12), Folate, Glycated Hemoglobin, and Ferritin. In essence, almost anything can be the item of
- the structures and methods described herein may be employed in a number of different configurations. For the sake of clarity of understanding, the structures and methods will be discussed with respect to their employment in a DNA/RNA sample preparation, amplification, and detection analyzer which performs approximately 100 or more determinations of items of interest in a sample in an hour, or if the sample preparation is divided, approximately 300 or more determinations of items of interest in a sample in an hour. Alternately, the same structure may be used as an immunoassay analyzer or as both an immunoassay analyzer and DNA/RNA analyzer. It is to be noted that the structures and methods can be used in other employments, such as in analyzers which perform 600, 400, 200, 50, etc. determinations in an hour.
- a number of structures may be joined together or integrated to meet individual needs, such as modifying the number of tests performed in a given time period (throughput), tailoring the items of interest to be determined, etc.
- a number X of structures which perform Y determinations in a given hour may be connected such that the connected structures perform XY determinations in an hour.
- the resources of the structures may be allocated in a manner substantially similar to that disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/041,352 filed on Mar. 12, 1998. That application is assigned to the assignee of the present case and the disclosure thereof is incorporated herein in its entirety.
- one or more structures may be operatively connected with another analyzer, such as an immunoassay analyzer (e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 referenced below), a blood analyzer (e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,734 referenced below), and the like.
- an immunoassay analyzer e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 referenced below
- a blood analyzer e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,734 referenced below
- all such structures may perform all similar determinations of items on interest in substantially the same way. For instance, all determination process steps for all similar items of interest may be performed within the same time frame, such as 36 seconds, irrespective of the number of determinations to be performed by the given structure.
- These structures may include common elements, such as reagents, disposable articles, other elements, such as fluids and the like, delivery technologies, determination step performance mechanisms, software, etc.
- the structure may be joined, e.g. with a conveyor system and the like, along with supporting hardware and software, such that the structure can be used with different structures or analyzers, such as clinical chemistry or hematology analyzers and the like, in the same setting.
- This conveyor system may move samples among the structures such that different determinations can be made with respect to one sample.
- operation of the structure is described herein with respect to only one structure, for the sake of clarity, it is to be remembered that multiple structures can operate in the same or in different fashion, either simultaneously or at different times.
- steps of one method of operation can be combined with steps of another method of operation to arrive at yet more methods of operation.
- Construction of structures described herein is intended to analyze specimens for various items of interest in a cost-effective way.
- the structures allow a user to supply a sample to the structure, to have the structure process, e.g. incubate, prepare, lyse, elute, analyze, read, etc., the sample and to have the structure report a result of the process.
- Structure sub-components include apparatus and methods of mixing, aspiration and dispense of materials, such as samples and reagents, incubation, chemistry separation, and detection, just to name a few.
- structure construction implementation for chemistry automation may be driven by many factors such as desired patient sample addition methods, reagent addition methods, throughput (number of determinations per given time period), contamination reduction methods, detection methods, degree of mixing, and incubation temperature and duration needs.
- FIG. 1 discloses a structure 1 a amenable to a relatively decreased throughput, such as about 1 determination per every 1.5 hours, environment.
- the structure la comprises a first container 1 removably placed in a base 2 .
- the base 2 may have a construction substantially similar to constructions of the process path disclosed in above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784, in which case, the structures illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be disposed at appropriate locations along the process path.
- Probe 3 is attached to a suitable prime mover such that the probe 3 can move in multiple directions, if desired.
- the probe 3 is fluidly connected at location 3 a to suitable structures which enable the probe 3 to perform aspiration and dispense functions.
- the probe 3 can be moved by one of many means such as a Tecan gantry (Tecan RSP model series, Tecan Switzerland), an Abbott theta-Z robot (part number 78479, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park Ill.) or the like.
- Base 2 could be fabricated out of any desirable material, such as machined and coated aluminum and the like.
- the base 2 is made with 6061-T6 aluminum with a MIL-A-6357G Type I finish.
- the first container 1 could be fabricated out of any desirable material, and may be molded out of a polyethlyne (DOW 30460M HDPE or Chevron 9512, for example) or polypropylene (Montel PD701N, for example), or polystyrene (Dow 666, for example).
- the first container 1 is sized to contain an amount, such as about 7 mL, of fluid, such as sample and reagent.
- FIGS. 12A through 12P show alternative constructions of the first container 1 .
- the construction of the base 2 may be modified to accommodate or complement various constructions of the first container 1 as the base 2 provides features to accept first container 1 and to house a retractable magnet 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Magnet 4 can be moved with respect to the first container 1 at selected times during performance of a given determination of an item of interest in a sample in the first container 1 .
- the movement of the magnet 4 can effect performance of a step in the determination process thereby allowing that step to be selectively automatically performed or avoided as desired.
- the magnet 4 may be moved relatively proximate to the container to attract magnetically responsive particles within the first container 1 to a side wall of first container 1 thereby separating those particles which may be bound with a desired item of interest in a patient sample from the remaining patient sample or other contents of the first container 1 .
- probe 3 Before, during or after such magnet 4 induced separation, probe 3 may aspirate a portion of the first container 1 contents to waste/wash reservoir 10 . Subsequent dispense, separation, and aspiration steps may be employed to enhance the item of interest determination. During periods of the determination where magnetic separation is not desired, i.e. the magnetic separation step is avoided, magnet 4 may be moved relatively distally with respect to the first container 1 to reduce effects of the magnetic field of the magnet 4 on the first container 1 and its contents. If desired, magnetically responsive particles to which no item of interest is attached may be attracted to the side wall of the first container 1 while the remaining contents, possible containing an item of interest, of the first container 1 is removed from first container 1 , such as by the probe 3 .
- a thermal regulation device (heating and/or cooling) 7 can be provided with the base 2 .
- the device 7 may be manually or automatically removably connected with the base 2 , may be operated by an appropriate controller, such as a computer having memory running appropriate routines, and may utilize currently available thermal transfer means of conduction, convection, and/or radiation, etc.
- thermally regulated (heated and/or chilled) air is moved with respect to the first container 1 to thermally regulate first container 1 contents in a desired manner.
- a sample disposed in container 8 and reagent contained in container 9 may be added to first container 1 , such as by probe 3 .
- an array such as a conveyor, a carousel, other movable arrangement, possibly recirculating, or the like, of multiple containers 8 and/or 9 could be provided.
- Containers 8 and 9 could be fabricated out of any suitable material, such as a polymer like polystyrene (DOW 666), high-density polyethylene (DOW 30460M HDPE or Chevron 9512) respectively, and the like.
- a cover 30 (FIG. 5C), substantially similar to the cover disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 referenced above, could be added to either container 8 or 9 .
- the cover 30 may be made from any suitable material, such as Lexington Medical 3481005 EPDM, Abbott EPDM (Ashland, Ohio) and the like.
- Some constructions for containers 8 and 9 and associated covers can be found in U.S. Patent No's. Des. 401,697, Des. 401,699, and Des. 397,938 respectively, referenced above.
- a method for fitting a container such as container 8 , to other containers or a carrier is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,583.
- probe 3 may be washed, i.e. likelihood of exposure to a contaminant is reduced, by moving the probe 3 to waste/wash reservoir 10 for a fluid rinse of the probe 3 .
- probe 3 could be modified to incorporate a disposable tip, such as the pipettor tip disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,669 (assigned to the assignee of the present case and incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference). After intended use of the pipettor tip, the tip may be ejected from a fluidic/transport interface with the probe 3 to waste. Another example of a disposable tip 28 is illustrated in FIG. 5F.
- a bore 6 is disposed on the base 2 to accommodate a detector, such as a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode and the like.
- the bore 6 is located opposite magnet 4 in a similar fashion to the like structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784.
- similar operations such as detection of chemiluminescence or other signal generated by a label, such as a fluorophore and the like, are possible.
- a mixer 5 illustrated in FIG. 2, is also provided on the base 2 .
- the mixer 5 is coupled to a driver 5 a that applies force to the mixer 5 , possibly inducing an orbital motion on the first container 1 thereby causing mixing of first container 1 contents at desired times.
- the base 2 is constructed to limit first container 1 degrees of freedom important to the mixing process.
- Base 2 may include a lid to assist in controlling degrees of freedom important to the mixing process.
- FIG. 13 shows an alternate construction of mixer 5 .
- An additional embodiment of a suitable mixer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784.
- the structure la shown in FIG. 1 can be modified to perform a larger number of determinations, such as about 100, in a given time period, i.e. a relatively increased throughput environment.
- the structure la could be operatively connected with one or more additional structures la, each of which possessing one or more of the probe 3 , magnet 4 , mixer 5 , bore 6 for a detector, and the thermal regulation device 7 .
- the multiple structures la permit selective activation of magnet 4 , detector 6 , heat/cooling elements 7 , mixer 5 , sample and reagent aspirations and dispenses, etc. at desired times during the determination process, viz. the steps executed by those elements are selectively automatically performed.
- a determination of an item of interest in a sample can be conducted over more than one position or with more than one structure la, thereby allowing at least two samples to be processed substantially simultaneously.
- a transport system such as a conveyor (bounded or endless), a carousel or the like, could be used to move first container 1 from one structure 1 a to another.
- the transport system may be substantially similar to the process path disclosed in the above-referenced 784 patent.
- the transport system and/or the individual structures can be constructed to provide only the functions desired to be performed at a given time in a determination. For example, a relatively large number, such as 100, structures 1 a could be operatively connected together and only a subset, such as 5, of the structures 1 a may include a mixer 5 .
- FIGS. 3 and 18 show a structure 1 b essentially comprising a plurality of structures la located substantially adjacently.
- containers 1 are loaded substantially automatically onto a first process path 11 from a container loader and transport 35 illustrated in FIG. 9.
- first container 1 could be loaded manually or automatically in a fashion described in the '784 patent.
- Containers 1 are moved, possibly one position every selected time interval, such as every 36 seconds, through the first process path 11 to various locations along the first process path 11 where various operations, such as reagent addition, sample addition, incubation, mixing, washing and the like, are selectively automatically performed according to requirements of the intended format or protocol of the determination being performed.
- the first container 1 is moved approximately 1.2 inches along the first process path 11 about every 36 seconds.
- the first process path 11 includes at least one temperature controller or heater to keep the first process path 11 at a desired temperature.
- the first process path 11 may be kept at one temperature or any desired number of temperatures, such as with multiple heaters.
- the heater maintains the first process path 11 at about 37 degrees Celsius.
- one portion of the first process path 11 may be maintained at about 37 degrees Celsius while another portion of the first process path may be maintained at about 70 degrees Celsius.
- Various methods may be implemented to heat the first process path 11 to at least one temperature while isolating the container 1 maintained at the least one temperature from other temperatures.
- the first process path 11 may be used to perform a first incubation, such as lysis for about 20 minutes at about 37 degrees Celsius, and a second incubation, such as elution for about 20 minutes at about 50 degrees Celsius, with container 1 .
- Container 1 being used for both lysis and elution on the first process path 11 , can be thermally isolated from the second temperature while the container 1 is exposed to the first temperature, and vice versa.
- first process path 11 were made of a suitable material, such as aluminum and the like, and if the first process path 11 were heated, e.g. conductively, to the first temperature or the second temperature at an appropriate time, a member may be introduced to thermally insulate portions of the first process path 11 exposed to the first temperature from portions of the first process path 11 exposed to the second temperature.
- This member may be an insulating material, a physical barrier or the like.
- the member may be actively cooled or heated based on temperature conditions measured at the first process path 11 portions specific to the first temperature, e.g. 37 degrees Celsius, and specific to the second temperature, e.g. 50 degrees Celsius, thereby limiting exposure container 1 to the first or second temperature, as appropriate.
- the first process path 11 is maintained at a first temperature, for example 37 degrees Celsius.
- a second temperature for example 50 degrees Celsius
- at least one other thermal energy source such as an IR source and the like, may be thermally coupled with the first process path 11 to provide a desired amount of heat to the relevant portions of the first process path 11 at times required.
- Contents present in container 1 may experience a thermal rise to the second temperature during exposure to IR source followed by a thermal degradation to the first temperature as the container 1 is removed from exposure to the IR source.
- belt 36 moves first container 1 via engagement with pin 36 a on the belt 36 .
- Prime mover 38 engages belt 36 via drive gear 40 and driven gear 41 .
- Prime mover mount 39 aligns prime mover 38 to driven gear 41 in the desired fashion.
- samples disposed in containers 8 are loaded in container carriers 27 which are loaded onto input queue 17 .
- container carriers 27 Examples of a sample container 8 and an associated container carrier 27 are shown in FIG. 6.
- the container 8 and the container carrier 27 may be substantially similar to the container disclosed in above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,583 and Des. 401,697.
- Input queue 17 may be constructed similarly to a sample handler like the currently available Abbott FPC Flexible Pipetting Center or the common structures described in the '784 patent.
- An example of an input queue 17 is shown in FIG. 4 and comprises a conveyor system like that disclosed in the '784 patent.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 is constructed such that a structure, such as the structure 1 b of FIGS. 3A and 3B, may be disposed in space 17 a so that the input queue 17 and the structure 1 b can cooperate.
- sample input and output queues 17 and 17 b respectively, may be disposed adjacent to each other offset by a local queue 17 c.
- a bar code reader 25 is located adjacent the first process path 11 such that the bar code reader 25 can read a code associated with the container 8 and/or the container carrier 27 .
- the bar code reader 25 is used to identify a given sample located on the input queue 17 at a position accessible by pipettor 19 .
- pipettor 19 can transfer that sample from container 8 on the input queue to first container 1 located on the first process path 11 .
- Other items such as reagents and the like, may be added to first container 1 by pipettor 19 and pipettor 12 in accordance with a given determination format.
- Reagents are stored in reagent handler 13 which may be similar to the reagent carousel disclosed in the '784 patent.
- pipettors 19 and 12 may add reagents to first container 1 at times specified in the “1 Tube DNA/RNA 20-20 Min Sample Prep Protocol, 1 Tube 1.5 hr PCR End Point Protocol” specified below.
- dispense nozzles fluidly connected with appropriate pumping mechanisms may add reagents from bottles 29 , 31 , and 32 to first container 1 via fluid dispense nozzles.
- Containers 29 , 31 , and 32 are shown in FIGS. 5E, 5A, 5 B and 19 .
- container 31 contains solid phase microparticles, possibly magnetically responsive, which may require an agitator to homogenize the container 31 contents, i.e. resuspend the particles in a fluid medium.
- the agitator may be incorporated into a microparticle reagent handler 18 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- re-suspension could be accomplished with commonly understood mixing fins, complementary container fins and/or fin motion among other methods.
- resuspension of the particles within container 31 is achieved with a stir bar and associated apparatus also commonly understood in the field.
- Some or all containers described herein may be placed on the structure 1 b shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. The contents of the containers may be preserved with use of reagent seal 30 shown in FIG. 5C and/or with use of refrigeration.
- reagent dispense nozzles operatively associated with the first process path 11 may be integrated with transport mechanisms to allow reagents to be dispensed at any desired position on the first process path 11 .
- first container 1 may be operatively engaged via feature 44 which is, in turn, operatively coupled to gear train 43 .
- Gear train 43 is configured to induce motion, e.g. orbital, circular or other, to first container 1 when rotated by prime mover 42 .
- mixing occurs at times specified in the “1 Tube DNA/RNA 20-20 Min Sample Prep Protocol, 1 Tube 1.5 hr PCR End Point Protocol” specified below.
- pipettors 19 and 12 are configured for use with disposable pipettor tips 28 shown in FIGS. 5F and 19, transport and loading of a tip 28 or a group of tips 28 may be accomplished with loader and transport mechanism 33 shown in FIG. 7, loader and transport mechanism 34 shown in FIG. 8 or other equivalent arrangements.
- Pipettor 12 or 19 may include an apparatus which can detect a liquid level and/or temperature. This apparatus may include, but is not limited to, photo optics, capacitive members, IR, sonar, or other wave form generators. After dispense, tip 28 is washed with liquid at wash station 23 thereby reducing exposure to a contaminant. Subsequent additions to first container 1 may occur in similar fashion, as desired.
- first container 1 contents may be is aspirated or otherwise removed from first container 1 and dispensed or transferred to desired locations where other functions, such as genetic sequencing, a pharmacogenetic test and the like, can be performed.
- the tip 28 may be removed from pipettor 12 or 19 and disposed to tip 28 waste 24 , thereby reducing exposure to a contaminant.
- FIG. 14 shows feature or port 45 integrated into first process path 11 at appropriate locations.
- Port 45 is fluidly connected with a fluid pressure source, such as a negative fluid pressure source like a vacuum and the like, that draws air flow above first container 1 away from adjacent containers 1 on first process path 11 to a more desirable location. In this method, undesirable airborne contaminants may be routed to controlled locations.
- a fluid pressure source such as a negative fluid pressure source like a vacuum and the like
- Washing of microparticles used in some methods performed by the structures 1 a and 1 b may utilize removal, evacuation or pipetting of unbound or bound microparticles from first container 1 and/or other constituents of the first container 1 contents, such as if some of the first container 1 contents were attracted to and held by magnet 4 .
- At least one wash zone 50 is located at an appropriate position along first process path 11 .
- a probe 49 shown in FIG. 16, constructed to automatically evacuate or pipette first container 1 contents, such as unbound or bound microparticles from first container 1 .
- More than one probe 49 such as 4 , may comprise a single wash zone 50 . Washing steps, e.g. magnetic separation, aspiration, dispense, are further described in the '784 patent.
- probe 49 can be formed with an outer tube 46 and inner tube 47 as shown in FIG. 15.
- Outer tube 46 may be held substantially concentrically with respect to inner probe 47 via member 46 a .
- the member 46 a may function as a fluid conveying conduit.
- outer tube 46 is fluidly connected to a wash fluid source and inner tube 47 is fluidly connected to a vacuum source routed to waste.
- the wash fluid may be used for many purposes, such as to chemically wash unbound particles from particles bound to an item of interest held in first container 1 , and also to remove undesirable items, i.e. contamination, from inner tube 47 after inner tube 47 comes into contact with fluid, such as fluid in the first container 1 , during evacuation.
- the microparticles within the first container 1 may be exposed to a magnet station comprising two magnets disposed adjacent to the first container 1 along opposite sides of the first container 1 .
- Microparticles attracted to side wall(s) of first container 1 can be resuspended at any time, such as during washing, via a suitable device, such as mixer 5 shown in FIG. 13.
- a probe 3 or 49 can be used to effect fluid and/or solid resuspension within the first container 1 by appropriate movement of fluid within the first container 1 .
- fluid such as wash solution
- a probe 3 or 49 is dispensed from a probe 3 or 49 such that a single or plurality of fluid streams is directed at a position within the first container 1 , such as a vertical wall thereof, where relevant fluid and/or solid material to be resuspended is expected to reside.
- the material to be resuspended in the first container 1 may be dispersed within the first container 1 as shown in FIG. 17.
- first container 1 contents is moved from first container 1 and placed into second container 15 shown in FIG. 3. Material, such as reagent, additions to second container 15 occurs via pipettor 12 . Second container 15 is then sealed with sealer 21 .
- the second container 15 can be constructed to sustain relatively quick thermal energy transfer rates by using a relatively large heated surface to second container 15 contents volume ratio and/or a relatively thin wall(s) of the second container 15 .
- second container 15 can be constructed with a first chamber and a second chamber with a first chamber opening being relatively larger than a second chamber opening.
- Pipettor 12 can enter and can fill the first chamber with first container 1 contents and other reagents.
- the first chamber opening may be sealed with sealer 21 .
- the relatively smaller second chamber opening may restrict the contents of the first chamber from moving to the second chamber.
- the first chamber opening may be sealed by sealer 21 to a first level called a “softseal” prior to transfer of the container to spinner 22 .
- the first chamber opening may be sealed by sealer 21 to a second level different than the first level.
- Second container 15 is transported to a spinner device 22 that moves the second container 15 such that contents of the first chamber are displaced to the second chamber by centrifugal force. After the contents of the first chamber have moved to the second chamber, second container 15 is removed from spinner device 22 to a heat transfer device for further processing. Alternately, filling of second container 15 to its second chamber can be achieved by force induced by pressure from fluidics coupled to pipettor 12 , or, pipettor 12 can enter the second chamber of second container 15 and thereby fill the second chamber.
- second container 15 comprising assembly 15 c , illustrated in FIGS. 27A through 27F, may be used.
- second container 15 is accepts contents through opening 57 .
- the orifice of opening 57 of second container 15 is relatively larger than a capillary tube to allow for automated pipetting of contents into second container 15 without any secondary operations, such as centrifugation.
- second container 15 may be sealed to reduce contamination. Seal 15 b engages second container 15 to provide contamination reduction and evaporation control.
- outer wall 58 of seal 15 b is relatively smaller than an inner wall 59 of second container 15 such that, when engaged with second container 15 , contents in second container 15 can displace around outer wall 58 .
- This displacement of contents increases heat transfer to liquid area ratio thereby providing for relatively rapid heat transfer.
- outer wall 58 can include fins (not shown) such that the fins engage second container 15 inner wall 59 to position seal 15 b substantially concentrically with respect to second container 15 thereby providing for substantially uniform displacement of contents around the outer wall 58 of seal 15 b and for substantially uniform heat transfer to the contents.
- Second container 15 and seal 15 b are matable to form assembly 15 c shown in FIGS. 27C and 27F.
- This assembly 15 c can be transferred to a second process path or thermal cycling/detection module 16 for further processing.
- the steps of transporting the second container 15 to the spinner device 22 occur after pipettor 12 adds up to three reagents and sample to second container 15 .
- a robot then moves second container 15 to a second process path or heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 .
- the apparatus 16 may bring the second container 15 to a temperature the same as or different from a temperature(s) to which the first process path brings the first container 1 .
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate one construction of the heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 comprising 112 heat transfer/detection modules 16 a such that throughput of samples prepared on first process path 11 is compatible with PCR processing times of approximately one hour to yield a structure throughput of approximately 100 tests per hour.
- Heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 can be used for isothermal reactions, thermal cycling, integrated heat transfer and detection, among other processes.
- heat transfer functions and the detection functions can be performed by separate structures, e.g. the apparatus 16 can comprise a hat transfer structure and a detection structure, which may be located adjacently, separately or in any appropriate fashion. After detection in apparatus 16 , second container 15 is automatically removed and discarded to waste by the robot or transferred to another detector for further determinations.
- isolated sample preparation can be performed on first process path 11 and amplification and detection can be performed on the adjacent apparatus 16 .
- these two processes are substantially separated such that contamination concerns specific to DNA/RNA chemistries may be reduced.
- the first process path 11 for automated preparation of sample may be operatively connected to the apparatus 16 for amplification and detection by further apparatus such as the robot.
- the second process path 16 is a continuation of the first process path 11 thereby forming a single process path.
- any of the containers described herein may be used along the entire process path thereby eliminating the need to transfer from container 1 to container 15 .
- sample can be transferred from the sample container 8 to a single process container that is used to perform all the steps described herein.
- first process path 11 in FIGS. 3A and 3B can include a process step performance lane, such as first process path 11 , where a process step is selectively automatically performed, and a process step avoidance lane where the process step is selectively automatically avoided, possibly located to avoid a wash zone 50 .
- First container 1 containing the reaction mixture may be selectively automatically positioned in a selected one of the process step performance lane or the process step avoidance lane based on selected format or protocol similar to the manner described in the '784 patent.
- second container 15 could be a capillary tube, a tube possessing capillary tube characteristics, a reaction vessel described in U.S. Pat. No. Des. 401,700, a reaction tube, such as that supplied by Cepheid of Sunnyvale, California, a tube similar to first container 1 , and the like.
- Heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 could utilize Peltier, microwave, resistive, forced air and/or liquid heating/cooling technologies.
- Modules 16 a could also utilize Peltier, IR, microwave, resistive, forced air and/or liquid heating/cooling technologies, and may be substantially similar to the thermal cycler and/or detector components of the Smart CyclerTM system supplied by Cepheid (Sunnyvale, Calif.), the TetradTM or PTC- 100 TM systems supplied by MJ Research, INC (Waltham, Mass.), the SprintTM system supplied by Hybaid (Franklin, Mass.), the MultigeneTM system supplied by Labnet International (Woodbridge, N.J.), the RoboCylerTM 40 or 96 systems supplied by Stratagene USA (La Jolla, Calif.), the 480, 9600, or 9700 systems supplied by Perkin-Elmer (Foster City, California), and the like.
- the Smart CyclerTM system supplied by Cepheid (Sunnyvale, Calif.), the TetradTM or PTC- 100 TM systems supplied by MJ Research, INC (Waltham, Mass.), the SprintTM
- heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 can be integrated into first process path 11 as shown in FIG. 20.
- first container 1 remains on first process path 11 while passing through thermal zones amenable to the desired format.
- the first container 1 is transferred to second container 15 and, subsequently, second container 15 passes through thermal zones amenable to desired format.
- second container 15 processing line 15 a prior to transfer of the second container 15 to heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 .
- the second process path or heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 can include a plurality of individually controlled second process sub-paths or heat transfer/detection paths 16 b .
- Each of the heat transfer/detection paths 16 b may be dedicated to a particular item of interest in a manner substantially similar to the construction of the Abbott Prism® instrument.
- first container 1 contents processing can be preformed and the processed first container 1 contents transferred into a reaction vessel or tray 52 , such as a multiple well (e.g. 96 wells) tray filled with desired reagents.
- the structure 1 f may also include a bypass region 56 on the first process path 11 , as described in the '784 patent.
- the tray may be sealed and moved to an output queue 54 for transfer, either manual or automatic, to further apparatus such as heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 .
- further methods may be employed to improve customer lab workflow by sorting samples by desired assay in a sample handling queue 17 prior to further processing. This allows for consolidation of heating and cooling devices, such as the number of modules 16 a within the heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 , needed to process chemistry requiring different heating and cooling protocols for each assay.
- the structures described herein and their use may be optimized, for example, the structures may be adjusted such that number of determinations in a given time period are increased, by allocating items such as determinations to be performed, samples, reagents, containers, etc., across elements of the structure(s).
- an operator loads samples on the sample handler 17 of the structure in any order.
- the number of items present in a structure may be reduced.
- Some determinations for example DNA/RNA amplification and detection, require heating and cooling protocols that may vary from determination to determination. This may complicate cost and/or item reduction.
- items may be allocated across elements of the structure(s).
- a determination method may consist of a number, such as three, of processes.
- a determination comprises a first process, a second process and a third process.
- the first process may be common to all determinations, such as DNA/RNA sample preparation, sample incubation, immunodiagnostic sample preparation and determination and the like.
- the second process for example, amplification and the like, may be specific to a given determination.
- the third process for example, detection, may be either common to all determinations or specific to a given determination.
- samples are identified and then grouped by commonality in second and third processes.
- one DNA/RNA assay may be processed according to one protocol, such as Protocol A described below, in one module 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d while another DNA/RNA assay may be processed according to another protocol, such as Protocol B described below, in another module 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d .
- Sample sorting may comprise identifying sample information by reading a bar code on container 8 held by the sample handler 17 with a barcode reader.
- the containers 8 may then be sorted (mechanically) with other containers 8 within a given carrier 27 and then carriers 27 may then be sorted with other carriers 27 in the sample handler 17 by determinations having common second and third processes.
- samples from containers 8 are transferred to container 1 by pipettor 19 .
- sample sorting may be achieved by pipettor 19 selectively transferring sample from container 8 to container 1 on process path 11 based on predetermined, sorted order.
- the first process comprising the determination method is performed.
- the second and/or third processes may occur in either the process path 11 , in one or more modules 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d , or in separate apparatus.
- an optimal number of modules 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d can be allocated to determining a given item of interest, viz. the greatest number of determinations of a given item of interest can be discerned, associated samples can be suitably sorted, and elements or items of or in the structure(s), such as containers, reagents and the like, can be appropriately duplicated over two or more modules 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d on a given structure(s).
- two or more modules 16 a , 16 b , 16 c or 16 d can be duplicated based on specific determination protocols.
- FIG. 22 shows another structure 1 e where modules 16 b can be duplicated according to sample sorting outcomes.
- FIGS. 23 and 24 show other structures 1 f and 1 g where modules 16 can be located exterior to the structure(s).
- sorted samples can be duplicated across multiple modules 16 exterior to the structure(s) 1 f and 1 g.
- FIG. 20 shows another structure 1 c where module 16 is integrated into process path 11 .
- Sample sorting here allows for process path 11 to be programmed for one determination for a first period of time and then be programmed for another determination for a second period of time.
- the grouping size can determine the size of tray 52 and its corresponding heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 .
- samples may be sorted by determination into relatively small groupings including about twelve samples.
- the tray 52 and thermal cycling/detection module 16 c within thermal cycling/detection module 16 are both configured to accommodate groupings of twelve with module 16 c providing individual control of each grouping of twelve.
- the structure 1 i may reduce the number of thermal cycling/detection modules 16 c required to maintain desired throughput.
- Additional enhancements can be provided to manage test distribution lists, to generate reagent load maps, to make reagent loading suggestions, and to manage data.
- first container 1 contents preparation can be preformed and the prepared first container 1 contents can be transferred into another container or tray.
- the container is moved to an output queue for manual or automatic transfer to further apparatus that performs reagent addition, heat transfer, and detection.
- thermal cycling/detection modules 16 d are transferred to thermal cycling module led, each module 16 d being individually controlled and each having a detector.
- Module 16 d may thermally transfer second container 15 through a plurality, such as about two or three, thermal zones within a carousel over a number of positions. One position on the carousel contains a detector.
- Module 16 d is designed to accept additional containers 15 sequentially while other containers 15 are being processed within module 16 d . Alternately, module 16 d can be fully loaded with containers 15 and all containers can be processed substantially simultaneously.
- FIGS. 30A, 30B, 31 , 32 A and 32 B Other embodiments of the module 16 d are illustrated in FIGS. 30A, 30B, 31 , 32 A and 32 B. Common reference numbers are used to indicate similar structures in FIGS. 30A, 30B, 31 , 32 A and 32 B. These other embodiments of the module 16 d can be used for thermal amplification and detection of PCR products, for example.
- a tray 70 has at least one compartment or well 71 where thermal amplification can occur. While the embodiments of FIGS. 30B and 32B includes 8 wells 71 , the number of wells 71 can be modified as desired. The well 71 can be numbered and may be bar coded to facilitate identification. In this manner, well 71 position, contents, etc. can be checked by machine, such as with optics. In some embodiments, the tray 70 may be a disposable item easily removed from the associated structure.
- a well 71 may be bounded on at least one side by a divider 72 to reduce exposure of contents of a well 71 to a contaminant. To further reduce exposure to a contaminant, the well 71 may be removably covered or sealed.
- the tray 70 is operatively connected with a motor 76 (FIG. 31), such as a stepping motor, a servo motor or the like controlled by a microprocessor and the like, by a drive shaft 73 thereby providing for desired, controlled rotation of the tray 70 .
- a motor 76 such as a stepping motor, a servo motor or the like controlled by a microprocessor and the like
- Container 8 contents can be transferred from the first process path 11 to the well 71 for amplification and detection.
- at least one heater 74 is thermally associated with the tray 70 . If multiple or different thermal exposures are desired, then an appropriate number of heaters 74 can be included. As shown in FIGS. 30B and 32B, four (4) heaters 74 are disposed in thermal association with the tray 70 thereby providing four different temperatures or different thermal exposures.
- the heater 74 may utilize electric, microwave, Peltier effect, forced air or similar technology.
- the heater 74 may operate such that the well 71 is at a desired temperature prior to or after addition of contents to the well 71 .
- the heater 74 may be separated from the tray 70 such that the tray 70 is operatively connected with the heater 74 either prior to or after addition of contents to the well 71 on the tray 70 .
- the well 71 and its contents are exposed or brought to the temperature provided by the adjacent heater 74 .
- thermal variations may be cyclical, i.e. repetitive of a given pattern, rotation of the tray 70 can bring the well 71 and its contents to desired temperature(s) in desired sequence for a desired time period.
- the well 71 and its contents can experience consecutive, well-defined temperature zones as the tray 70 rotates.
- Each heater 74 may correspond to temperatures specific to a given reaction, such as melt, annealing, extension, etc., defined by the particular determination being performed.
- a time period during which a given well 71 is located adjacent a given heater 74 is determined by the rotational speed of the tray 70 .
- a number of rotations or step-wise movements of the tray 70 may be proportional to a number of cycles performed by a currently available thermal cycler.
- Rotational speed of the tray 70 may be controlled such that the well 71 is positioned adjacent a heater 74 for a specified length of time.
- a first heater 74 may bring the well 71 to a temperature capable of dissociating, or melting, double stranded DNA strands.
- a second heater 74 adjacent the first heater 74 , may bring the well 71 to a temperature that induces association of complementary strands, such as a target and a primer, or a target and a probe.
- the second heater 74 or another heater 74 may be used to allow enzymatic polymerase elongation of the primer, and the well 71 is positioned adjacent that heater 74 for a time sufficient for the reaction to finish.
- thermal “area,” i.e. the area in which the heater 74 can bring the well 71 and its contents to a temperature associated with the heater 74 , of the heater 74 and temperature values associated with the heater 74 optimal thermal cycling parameters for a certain assay may be accomplished.
- the item of interest present in the well 71 can be detected by detector 75 . If the well 71 were sealed, then the seal may be removed or, alternatively, the seal may be made of a material that allows optical transmission so that detector 75 can monitor the well 71 and detect the item of interest, if present. The detector 75 may also read a bar code associated with the tray 70 or the well 71 .
- the detector 75 may be used in a dynamic (real time) mode, such as to detect, in real time, PCR products by reading the well 71 as it moves with respect to the detector 75 .
- the detector 75 may read the well 71 every n times the well 71 encounters the detector 75 .
- the number n may be determined to allow for comparing status of the well 71 with a predetermined threshold at a predetermined time(s).
- the detector 75 can be used for static, end point reads.
- the detector 75 may be stationary with respect to the tray 70 or may move with respect to the tray 70 . If multiple trays 70 are present, then multiple detectors 75 , such as one detector 75 for each tray 70 , may be used. Fiber optics may be used to channel light from a well 71 to the detector 75 .
- the detector 75 may use a light source to illuminate contents of a well 71 at a single or multiple wavelengths, thereby accommodating multiplex detector 75 data reduction of multiple wavelength emission intensity at discrete wavelengths, for example.
- the detector 75 may provide single or parallel detection of single or multiple wavelengths, such as fluorescence emissions from the well 71 .
- FIG. 33 Another module 16 h is shown in FIG. 33.
- This module 16 h includes a fluid conveying conduit 77 disposed within a block 78 .
- the conduit 77 may be formed as a coil 79 in the block 78 .
- the block 78 is constructed with suitable thermal energy conductive elements to form at least a first thermal zone 80 A having a first temperature and a second thermal zone 80 B having a second temperature different from the first temperature. With this construction, some portions of the coil 79 are in a thermal zone 80 A or 80 B different than other portions of the coil 79 while some portions of the coil 79 are in the same thermal zone 80 A or 80 B.
- Container 1 , 8 or 15 contents or fluid can be transferred from the first process path 11 to an inlet 81 of the conduit 77 .
- the fluid forced to flow from the inlet 81 through the coil 79 by suitable means, such as a pump, capillary action, etc.
- suitable means such as a pump, capillary action, etc.
- the fluid encounters or is brought to different temperatures as it moves between thermal zones 80 A and 80 B.
- the temperatures associated with the thermal zones 80 A and 80 B can be chosen to match temperatures of specific PCR amplifications.
- a number of turns, or loops, comprising the coil 79 is equivalent to the number of cycles performed by a currently available thermal cycler.
- the fluid flow in the coil 79 is controlled such that the fluid resides in each thermal zone 80 A or 80 B a specified length of time.
- one thermal zone 80 B may bring the fluid to a temperature capable of dissociating, or melting, double stranded DNA strands.
- the other thermal zone 80 A may bring the fluid top a temperature inducing association of complementary strands, such as a target and a primer, or a target and a probe.
- This same thermal zone 80 A may be used to allow enzymatic polymerase elongation of the primer.
- the fluid flow is adjusted to expose the fluid to a thermal zone 80 A or 80 B for a time period sufficient for the reaction to finish.
- a detector 75 is disposed adjacent the coil 79 to monitor status of the fluid within the coil 79 in a manner substantially similar to that described above.
- Fluid corresponding to various samples may be introduced to the conduit 77 separated by suitable other fluid, such as air, a buffer and the like.
- apparatus 16 can use methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,218, assigned to the assignee of the present case. The disclosure of the '218 patent is incorporated herein in its entirety.
- the module 16 a shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B can provide thermal cycling of reaction contents in second container 15 with use of heated or chilled fluids as shown in FIG. 29.
- Fluid is stored reservoir 65 and heated or chilled by thermal controller 66 .
- Fluid is routed to module 16 a through port 16 e at desired times by metering fan or pump 67 .
- Heat transfer occurs between the contents in second container 15 and the heated or chilled fluid.
- the metered amount of fluid transferred to module 16 a determines the time contents in second container 15 will remain at a given temperature.
- Evacuation of fluid from module 16 a occurs through port 16 f with use of valve 68 and/or additional pumps or gravity to container 65 or to waste.
- the temperature of a metered fluid interaction with second container 15 may be calculated and predicted thereby reducing a need for temperature control at the interface of the fluid with the second container 15 .
- second container 15 can be constructed as a pouch out of a thin polymeric film.
- thermal element 69 may be positioned adjacent to and in contact with module 16 a and controlled at a desired temperature.
- Second container 15 d may include at least one first face 60 on a first axis plane, designated ‘YZ’, and at least one second face 61 on a second axis plane ‘XY’.
- An optical source 62 may be located adjacent to the first face 60 and an optical detector 63 may be located adjacent to a second face 61 opposite the first face 60 such that excitation of a label associated with an item of interest is induced by optical source 62 and emission of a signal, such as light, from the label is detected by detector or detector pair 63 .
- the relative position of a first axis plane is different from the second axis plane to provide an increased signal collection area.
- the detector or detector pair 63 may be a single photodiode, quadrant photodiode, diode array, photomultiplier tube, or any combination of these detection devices. Combining optics with heating elements can be done with use of transparent heating elements 64 mounted in transparent material, such as glass, the heaters being located 10 adjacent to at least one of the second faces of the second container 15 d , and possibly lying on the second plane. In some embodiments, the optical source 62 may lie on a plane substantially orthogonal to the detector or detector pair 63 .
- second container 15 d could be a reaction tube supplied by Cepheid of Sunnyvale, Calif., or be any reaction container configuration including but not limited to a substantially hemispherical, spherical, cubic, or tetrahedron shape.
- first container 1 contents preparation, immunodiagnostic, and/or determination processing modules may be connected together with a common robotic and/or system processor, such as a computer and the like. It should also be noted that the heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 could accept first container 1 contents or other sample, processed or not, from another process path not operatively coupled to the structures 1 a through 1 i.
- the described elements comprising the structures 1 a through 1 i may be selectively automatically and/or manually operated at desired times to accomplish a desired determination of an item of interest.
- the functions of the elements can be performed in any desired order any desired number of times to achieve desired results.
- the methods of operation and items, such as reagents and the like, used may be substantially similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,809, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
- PCR polymerase chain reaction
- the time periods, temperatures, volumes and elements (containers, solutions, reagents, etc.) used can be adjusted as desired.
- the position numbers correspond to the structure 1 b of FIGS. 3A and 3B. However, the position numbers may also indicate the number of stepwise movements along a process path in the same manner as used to described the various assay formats in the '784 patent.
- Pipettor 19 engages a disposable pipette tip 28 , aspirates magnetically responsive microparticles (about 0.1 ml) from container 31 in reagent storage area 18 , and dispenses those microparticles into first container 1 at Position 1 .
- the disposable pipette tip 28 is washed with fluid in wash cup 23 .
- Pipettor 19 aspirates another reagent (about 0.05 ml), such as an internal control and the like, from a container located in reagent handling area 13 , dispenses that reagent into first container 1 , and disposable pipette tip 28 is washed with fluid in wash cup 23 a second time.
- Sample (about 1 ml) disposed in container 8 is aspirated by pipettor 19 and dispensed into first container 1 .
- Disposable pipette tip 28 is removed from pipettor 19 and deposited in tip waste 24 .
- the pipettor wash performed after microparticle dispense can be eliminated.
- microparticles and internal control are aspirated and dispensed into first container 1 substantially simultaneously or sequentially.
- a subset of or all liquid washes can be eliminated, in which case, microparticles, internal controls and sample may be aspirated and simultaneously and/or sequentially dispensed into first container 1 .
- a dispense nozzle coupled to first process path 11 is fluidically connected to a reagent container, such as reagent bottle 32 as shown in FIGS. 5B and 19, containing a lyse solution. About 6 mL of lyse solution is dispensed, either at room temperature or at about 37 degrees Celsius, to the first container 1 .
- Seconds—At Position 37 Elements comprising the wash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids with probe 49 . Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder of first container 1 contents by magnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparated first container 1 contents. A wash solution (buffer) is dispensed from the probe 49 into the first container 1 . Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at, e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position on first process path 11 .
- Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.
- Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically wash solution #1 in this example, in the first container 1 .
- resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense into first container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17.
- functions performed at positions 36 , 37 , and/or 38 can be combined at one position on first process path 11 .
- Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.
- Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid in the first container 1 .
- resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense into first container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17.
- Functions performed at positions 36 , 37 , and/or 38 can be combined at one position on first process path 11 .
- Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.
- Mixer provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically wash solution #2 in this example, in the first container 1 .
- resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense into first container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17.
- Functions performed at positions 36 , 37 , and/or 38 can be combined at one position on first process path 11 .
- Seconds—At Position 43 Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of first container 1 with magnet 4 . Elements comprising the wash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids with probe 49 . Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder of first container 1 contents by magnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparated first container 1 contents. A wash solution (buffer) is dispensed from the probe 49 into the first container 1 . Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at, e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position on first process path 11 .
- Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.
- Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically wash solution #2 in this example, in the first container 1 .
- resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense into first container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17.
- a pump operatively associated with the first process path 11 , connected fluidly with a dispense nozzle, and fluidly coupled with the first process path 11 , and a reagent container, such as container 29 shown in FIGS. 5E and 19, induces dispense of a fluid, such as an elution reagent, to first container 1 .
- a fluid such as an elution reagent
- about 80 ⁇ L of elution reagent is dispensed at ambient temperature or, alternately, at about 70 degrees Celsius.
- Seconds—At Positions 47 - 76 First container 1 contents are incubated, for a period of about 19.8 minutes, in this example at about 37 degrees Celsius, or at a temperature substantially within the range of about 50 to about 70 degrees Celsius. Periodic mixing enhances reactions among elements of the first container 1 contents. Elution reagent releases the item of interest from the microparticles.
- a third reagent is aspirated into pipette tip 28 from a container in reagent handling area 13 , and the first container 1 contents containing the item of interest, about 50 ⁇ L, is aspirated from first container 1 in position 77 of first process path 11 to the pipette tip 28 .
- the third reagent and the aspirated first container 1 contents are dispensed from the pipette tip 28 into second container 15 and pipettor 12 ejects disposable pipette tip 28 to tip waste 24 .
- the third reagent can be dispensed into first container 1 on first process path 11 at position 76 by pipettor 12 or by another dispense nozzle on the first process path 11 .
- first reagent and second reagent aspirations can be completed, without washing the pipettor 12 between aspirations, and the reagents can be dispensed into second container 15 substantially simultaneously.
- the volumes of each of the three reagents may be substantially within the range of about 10 to about 50 ⁇ L. If it were desired to detect more than one item of interest in a given sample, portions of the contents of first container 1 can be transferred to a corresponding number of containers 15 . These multiple transfers of first container 1 contents may occur from position 77 or, alternately, may occur from position 77 and subsequent position(s). If a relatively large number, such as about 15 , of items of interest are to be determined from one sample, then multiple aspirations and dispenses can occur from container 8 and/or first container 1 by pipettors 19 and/or 12 .
- Seconds Seconds—Second container 15 is transported on the container processor line 15 a to the sealer 21 where the second container 15 is sealed. The sealed second container 15 is transported to the spinner 22 where the contents in the upper portion of second container 15 are moved to the lower portion of second container 15 .
- 2917-2952 Seconds—A robot engages second container 15 , and places the second container 15 in a heat transfer/detection module 16 a where the second container 15 is exposed to a thermal cycle and the item of interest in the second container 15 is detected.
- Second container 15 undergoes a thermal cycling protocol as specified. The following are a few examples of such a protocol.
- Protocol A [0161] Protocol A
- Protocol B [0166] Protocol B
- lysis may include use of induced electrical pulse(s) or sonication whereby such pulsing causes DNA/RNA to be exposed in undamaged form prior to binding.
- the method performed by the structures 1 a through 1 g may be an immunodiagnostic method.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 lists various methods or formats that may be executed with the above-disclosed structures 1 a through 1 g , possibly with appropriate modification.
- DNA/RNA extraction could be amplified and detected with the structures 1 a through 1 g , or alternately transported to another structure la or a different structure, such as those disclosed in the '784 patent and the like, for further processing. It is understood that first container 1 could be sealed by suitable means, if desired.
- first container 1 after processing discussed above, can be transferred from Position 76 on the first process path 11 to an optical flow cell on the structure.
- the optical flow cell is substantially similar to that described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,589,394, 5,601,234, 5,631,165, 5,631,730, 5,656,499, 5,812,419, and 5,891,734. Those patents are assigned to the assignee of the present case and the disclosures thereof are incorporated herein in their entirety.
- the item of interest in the sample can be detected with the optical flow cell.
- sample directly from first container 1 , 8 , 15 , or another sample carrying vessel can be transferred to a sample receiving cups on the structure.
- the sample can be mixed and suitably incubated with a reagent containing a label.
- the reagent may be formulated such that the label encounters or passes through cell and/or nuclear membranes in the sample thereby permitting the label to bind or otherwise to become associated with the item of interest in the sample irrespective of where the item of interest is located within the sample.
- the label or excess label can be removed by suitable methods, such as separation, washing, etc.
- the sample possibly containing an item of interest associated with a label, is passed to the optical flow cell on the structure and the label is detected by optics associated with the flow cell thereby indicating presence of the item of interest.
Abstract
A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure is disclosed. A sample is provided accessible to the single structure. A first container for processing the sample is placed in a first process path on the single structure. The sample is transferred to the first container in the first process path. A reagent is added to the first container in the first process path. Contents of the first container is mixed in the first process path. The item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the first container in the first process path. The separated item of interest in the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure. Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path. The item of interest in the second container is detected in the second process path.
Description
- This case is a conversion of provisional patent application, serial No. 60/104,191, filed on Oct. 14, 1998.
- The following relates generally to a structure and a method for determining an item of interest in a sample. More specifically, the following relates to determining an item of interest that may be or include all or portions of a specific region of DNA, RNA, fragments, complements, peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, prions, proteins, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, mitochondrial RNA or DNA, antibodies, antigens, allergens, parts of biological entities such as cells, virons or the like, surface proteins, functional equivalents of the above, etc.
- To provide information about a patient's health, a number of tests can be performed on a patient sample, such as the patient's bodily fluids. These bodily fluids may include serum, whole blood, urine, swabs, plasma, cerebra-spinal fluid, lymph fluids, tissue solids, etc. The tests performed on the patient's bodily fluids can determine an item of interest, such as those stated above, in the bodily fluids. Based on the determination of the item of interest in the patient's bodily fluids, information about the patient's health status can be obtained.
- One embodiment described herein provides a method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure. A sample is provided accessible to the single structure. A first container for processing the sample is placed in a first process path on the single structure. The sample is transferred to the first container in the first process path. A reagent is added to the first container in the first process path. Contents of the first container is mixed in the first process path. The item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the first container in the first process path. The separated item of interest in the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure. Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path. The item of interest in the second container is detected in the second process path.
- In another method, a sample is transferred to a first container in a first process path on a single structure. An item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the first container in the first process path. The separated item of interest in the sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure. Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path. The item of interest is detected in the second container in the second process path.
- In an additional method, a sample is transferred to a container in a process path on the single structure. An item of interest in the sample is separated from the contents of the container in the process path. Contents of the container is brought to a first temperature in the process path. Contents of the container is brought to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path. The item of interest is detected in the container in the process path.
- In a further method, a sample is transferred to a first container in a first process path on the single structure. The sample is transferred from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure. Contents of the second container is brought to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path. The item of interest is detected in the second container in the second process path.
- In yet a further method, a sample is transferred to a container in a process path on the single structure. Contents of the container is brought to a first temperature on the process path on the single structure. Contents of the container is brought to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path on the single structure. The item of interest is detected in the container in the process path on the single structure.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a structure described herein;
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the structure of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3A is a generic top view of another structure described herein;
- FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the structure shown in FIG. 3A;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a sample queue for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIGS. 5A through 5F are perspective views of elements for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a container and a carrier for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a pipette tip loader for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a pipette tip loader for use with the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a container loader for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a container transporter for use with structure shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 11 is a magnified view of a portion of FIG. 10;
- FIGS. 12A through 12P are perspective views of various embodiments of the container shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 13 illustrates engagement of the container of FIG. 12E with a mixer;
- FIG. 14 shows a port provided in operative relationship with the process path of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of a pipettor for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 16 illustrates one operation of the pipettor of FIG. 15;
- FIG. 17 illustrates another operation of the pipettor of FIG. 15;
- FIG. 18 is an isometric view of a structure substantially similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 19 is an isometric view of a structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 18;
- FIG. 20 is a top view of another structure substantially similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 21 is a top view of an additional structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 20;
- FIG. 22 is a top view of a further structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 21;
- FIG. 23 is a top view of another structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 22;
- FIG. 24 is a top view of yet a further structure substantially similar to the structure of FIG. 23;
- FIG. 25 is a top view of yet a further structure similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 26 is a top view of yet a further structure similar to the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIGS. 27A through 27F are perspective views of a container and seal for use with the structure of FIGS. 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view of an optical configuration for use with the structures described herein;
- FIG. 29 is a generic view of operation of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 30A is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 30B is a top view of the portion of FIG. 30A;
- FIG. 31 is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 32A is a sectional view of a portion of the structures described herein;
- FIG. 32B is a top view of the portion of FIG. 32A; and
- FIG. 33 is a generic plan view of a portion of the structures described herein.
- The embodiments described herein relate to methods and structures for determining an item of interest in a sample. The item of interest may be a specific region or regions of DNA or RNA, or may be fragments, complements, peptides, polypeptides, enzymes, prions, proteins, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, mitochondrial RNA or DNA, antibodies, antigens, allergens, parts of biological entities such as cells, virons or the like, surface proteins, functional equivalents of any of these, concentrations of any of these or any other desired element of the sample. In an exemplary embodiment, the item of interest may be selected from, but is not limited to specific DNA or RNA regions, antibodies, or antigens including but not limited to, CT, CT/GC, MT, HCV, HBV, HPV, HIV, CMV, HLA, HTLV, and other items related, but not limited to, infectious diseases, genetic markers, cancers, cardiovascular items, pharmacogenetic items, etc. In some embodiments, the item of interest may be selected from, but not limited to antibodies to HCV, antibodies to
HIV 1/HIV 2, antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HEsAb), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Total prostate specific antigen (Total PSA), Free PSA, Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG), Free Thyroxine (Free T4), Free triiodothyronine (Free T3), Total T4, Total T3, Progesterone, Testosterone, Estradiol, Prolactin, vitamin B12 (B12), Folate, Glycated Hemoglobin, and Ferritin. In essence, almost anything can be the item of interest. - The structures and methods described herein may be employed in a number of different configurations. For the sake of clarity of understanding, the structures and methods will be discussed with respect to their employment in a DNA/RNA sample preparation, amplification, and detection analyzer which performs approximately 100 or more determinations of items of interest in a sample in an hour, or if the sample preparation is divided, approximately 300 or more determinations of items of interest in a sample in an hour. Alternately, the same structure may be used as an immunoassay analyzer or as both an immunoassay analyzer and DNA/RNA analyzer. It is to be noted that the structures and methods can be used in other employments, such as in analyzers which perform 600, 400, 200, 50, etc. determinations in an hour.
- A number of structures may be joined together or integrated to meet individual needs, such as modifying the number of tests performed in a given time period (throughput), tailoring the items of interest to be determined, etc. For example a number X of structures which perform Y determinations in a given hour may be connected such that the connected structures perform XY determinations in an hour. If desired, the resources of the structures may be allocated in a manner substantially similar to that disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/041,352 filed on Mar. 12, 1998. That application is assigned to the assignee of the present case and the disclosure thereof is incorporated herein in its entirety.
- In other embodiments, one or more structures may be operatively connected with another analyzer, such as an immunoassay analyzer (e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 referenced below), a blood analyzer (e.g. disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,734 referenced below), and the like.
- It is to be noted that all such structures may perform all similar determinations of items on interest in substantially the same way. For instance, all determination process steps for all similar items of interest may be performed within the same time frame, such as 36 seconds, irrespective of the number of determinations to be performed by the given structure. These structures may include common elements, such as reagents, disposable articles, other elements, such as fluids and the like, delivery technologies, determination step performance mechanisms, software, etc.
- In other applications, the structure may be joined, e.g. with a conveyor system and the like, along with supporting hardware and software, such that the structure can be used with different structures or analyzers, such as clinical chemistry or hematology analyzers and the like, in the same setting. This conveyor system may move samples among the structures such that different determinations can be made with respect to one sample. Also, while operation of the structure is described herein with respect to only one structure, for the sake of clarity, it is to be remembered that multiple structures can operate in the same or in different fashion, either simultaneously or at different times. Furthermore, steps of one method of operation can be combined with steps of another method of operation to arrive at yet more methods of operation.
- Any of the structures or methods described herein may be combined, in any suitable fashion, with the structures or methods or portions thereof described in currently available literature, such as the following United States Patents. As all of these patents are assigned to the assignee of the present case, the disclosures of those patents are incorporated herein in their entirety. The United States patents are: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,468,646, 5,536,049, 5,543,524, 5,545,739, 5,565,570, 5,669,819, 5,682,662, 5,723,795, 5,795,784, 5,783,699, 5,856,194, 5,859,429, 5,891,734, and 5,915,583.
- Construction of structures described herein is intended to analyze specimens for various items of interest in a cost-effective way. The structures allow a user to supply a sample to the structure, to have the structure process, e.g. incubate, prepare, lyse, elute, analyze, read, etc., the sample and to have the structure report a result of the process. Structure sub-components include apparatus and methods of mixing, aspiration and dispense of materials, such as samples and reagents, incubation, chemistry separation, and detection, just to name a few. In general terms, structure construction implementation for chemistry automation may be driven by many factors such as desired patient sample addition methods, reagent addition methods, throughput (number of determinations per given time period), contamination reduction methods, detection methods, degree of mixing, and incubation temperature and duration needs.
- FIG. 1 discloses a structure1 a amenable to a relatively decreased throughput, such as about 1 determination per every 1.5 hours, environment. The structure la comprises a
first container 1 removably placed in abase 2. In some embodiments, thebase 2 may have a construction substantially similar to constructions of the process path disclosed in above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784, in which case, the structures illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be disposed at appropriate locations along the process path.Probe 3 is attached to a suitable prime mover such that theprobe 3 can move in multiple directions, if desired. Theprobe 3 is fluidly connected atlocation 3 a to suitable structures which enable theprobe 3 to perform aspiration and dispense functions. These fluidic functions could be implemented with use of common pump (e.g. syringe, peristaltic, etc.) and valve technology, some of which is well understood today. Theprobe 3 can be moved by one of many means such as a Tecan gantry (Tecan RSP model series, Tecan Switzerland), an Abbott theta-Z robot (part number 78479, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park Ill.) or the like.Base 2 could be fabricated out of any desirable material, such as machined and coated aluminum and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, thebase 2 is made with 6061-T6 aluminum with a MIL-A-6357G Type I finish. Thefirst container 1 could be fabricated out of any desirable material, and may be molded out of a polyethlyne (DOW 30460M HDPE or Chevron 9512, for example) or polypropylene (Montel PD701N, for example), or polystyrene (Dow 666, for example). In the illustrated embodiment, thefirst container 1 is sized to contain an amount, such as about 7 mL, of fluid, such as sample and reagent. FIGS. 12A through 12P show alternative constructions of thefirst container 1. - It is to be noted that the construction of the
base 2 may be modified to accommodate or complement various constructions of thefirst container 1 as thebase 2 provides features to acceptfirst container 1 and to house aretractable magnet 4 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. -
Magnet 4 can be moved with respect to thefirst container 1 at selected times during performance of a given determination of an item of interest in a sample in thefirst container 1. The movement of themagnet 4 can effect performance of a step in the determination process thereby allowing that step to be selectively automatically performed or avoided as desired. In one embodiment, themagnet 4 may be moved relatively proximate to the container to attract magnetically responsive particles within thefirst container 1 to a side wall offirst container 1 thereby separating those particles which may be bound with a desired item of interest in a patient sample from the remaining patient sample or other contents of thefirst container 1. - Before, during or after
such magnet 4 induced separation,probe 3 may aspirate a portion of thefirst container 1 contents to waste/wash reservoir 10. Subsequent dispense, separation, and aspiration steps may be employed to enhance the item of interest determination. During periods of the determination where magnetic separation is not desired, i.e. the magnetic separation step is avoided,magnet 4 may be moved relatively distally with respect to thefirst container 1 to reduce effects of the magnetic field of themagnet 4 on thefirst container 1 and its contents. If desired, magnetically responsive particles to which no item of interest is attached may be attracted to the side wall of thefirst container 1 while the remaining contents, possible containing an item of interest, of thefirst container 1 is removed fromfirst container 1, such as by theprobe 3. - In some embodiments, a thermal regulation device (heating and/or cooling)7 can be provided with the
base 2. The device 7 may be manually or automatically removably connected with thebase 2, may be operated by an appropriate controller, such as a computer having memory running appropriate routines, and may utilize currently available thermal transfer means of conduction, convection, and/or radiation, etc. In one embodiment, thermally regulated (heated and/or chilled) air is moved with respect to thefirst container 1 to thermally regulatefirst container 1 contents in a desired manner. - At various times during performance of a given determination of an item of interest, a sample disposed in
container 8 and reagent contained incontainer 9 may be added tofirst container 1, such as byprobe 3. If multiple samples and/or reagents are desired, an array, such as a conveyor, a carousel, other movable arrangement, possibly recirculating, or the like, ofmultiple containers 8 and/or 9 could be provided.Containers - To increase preservation of the contents of either
container container cover 30 may be made from any suitable material, such as Lexington Medical 3481005 EPDM, Abbott EPDM (Ashland, Ohio) and the like. Some constructions forcontainers container 8, to other containers or a carrier is described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,583. - Once sample and/or reagent is added to
first container 1,probe 3 may be washed, i.e. likelihood of exposure to a contaminant is reduced, by moving theprobe 3 to waste/wash reservoir 10 for a fluid rinse of theprobe 3. In other embodiments,probe 3 could be modified to incorporate a disposable tip, such as the pipettor tip disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,669 (assigned to the assignee of the present case and incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference). After intended use of the pipettor tip, the tip may be ejected from a fluidic/transport interface with theprobe 3 to waste. Another example of adisposable tip 28 is illustrated in FIG. 5F. - A
bore 6 is disposed on thebase 2 to accommodate a detector, such as a photomultiplier tube, a photodiode and the like. In the illustrated embodiment, thebore 6 is locatedopposite magnet 4 in a similar fashion to the like structures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784. Thus, similar operations, such as detection of chemiluminescence or other signal generated by a label, such as a fluorophore and the like, are possible. - A
mixer 5, illustrated in FIG. 2, is also provided on thebase 2. Themixer 5 is coupled to adriver 5 a that applies force to themixer 5, possibly inducing an orbital motion on thefirst container 1 thereby causing mixing offirst container 1 contents at desired times. Thebase 2 is constructed to limitfirst container 1 degrees of freedom important to the mixing process.Base 2 may include a lid to assist in controlling degrees of freedom important to the mixing process. FIG. 13 shows an alternate construction ofmixer 5. An additional embodiment of a suitable mixer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784. - If desired, the structure la shown in FIG. 1 can be modified to perform a larger number of determinations, such as about 100, in a given time period, i.e. a relatively increased throughput environment. The structure la could be operatively connected with one or more additional structures la, each of which possessing one or more of the
probe 3,magnet 4,mixer 5, bore 6 for a detector, and the thermal regulation device 7. In this embodiment, the multiple structures la permit selective activation ofmagnet 4,detector 6, heat/cooling elements 7,mixer 5, sample and reagent aspirations and dispenses, etc. at desired times during the determination process, viz. the steps executed by those elements are selectively automatically performed. With this arrangement, a determination of an item of interest in a sample can be conducted over more than one position or with more than one structure la, thereby allowing at least two samples to be processed substantially simultaneously. - To streamline operative connection of multiple structures1 a, a transport system, such as a conveyor (bounded or endless), a carousel or the like, could be used to move
first container 1 from one structure 1 a to another. The transport system may be substantially similar to the process path disclosed in the above-referenced 784 patent. Depending on location of the structure(s) 1 a, the transport system and/or the individual structures can be constructed to provide only the functions desired to be performed at a given time in a determination. For example, a relatively large number, such as 100, structures 1 a could be operatively connected together and only a subset, such as 5, of the structures 1 a may include amixer 5. - FIGS. 3 and 18 show a
structure 1 b essentially comprising a plurality of structures la located substantially adjacently. In this embodiment,containers 1 are loaded substantially automatically onto afirst process path 11 from a container loader andtransport 35 illustrated in FIG. 9. Alternately,first container 1 could be loaded manually or automatically in a fashion described in the '784 patent.Containers 1 are moved, possibly one position every selected time interval, such as every 36 seconds, through thefirst process path 11 to various locations along thefirst process path 11 where various operations, such as reagent addition, sample addition, incubation, mixing, washing and the like, are selectively automatically performed according to requirements of the intended format or protocol of the determination being performed. In an exemplary embodiment of thestructure 1 b, thefirst container 1 is moved approximately 1.2 inches along thefirst process path 11 about every 36 seconds. - The
first process path 11 includes at least one temperature controller or heater to keep thefirst process path 11 at a desired temperature. Thefirst process path 11 may be kept at one temperature or any desired number of temperatures, such as with multiple heaters. In one embodiment, the heater maintains thefirst process path 11 at about 37 degrees Celsius. In another embodiment, one portion of thefirst process path 11 may be maintained at about 37 degrees Celsius while another portion of the first process path may be maintained at about 70 degrees Celsius. - Various methods may be implemented to heat the
first process path 11 to at least one temperature while isolating thecontainer 1 maintained at the least one temperature from other temperatures. For example, in one embodiment, thefirst process path 11 may be used to perform a first incubation, such as lysis for about 20 minutes at about 37 degrees Celsius, and a second incubation, such as elution for about 20 minutes at about 50 degrees Celsius, withcontainer 1.Container 1, being used for both lysis and elution on thefirst process path 11, can be thermally isolated from the second temperature while thecontainer 1 is exposed to the first temperature, and vice versa. - If the
first process path 11 were made of a suitable material, such as aluminum and the like, and if thefirst process path 11 were heated, e.g. conductively, to the first temperature or the second temperature at an appropriate time, a member may be introduced to thermally insulate portions of thefirst process path 11 exposed to the first temperature from portions of thefirst process path 11 exposed to the second temperature. This member may be an insulating material, a physical barrier or the like. The member may be actively cooled or heated based on temperature conditions measured at thefirst process path 11 portions specific to the first temperature, e.g. 37 degrees Celsius, and specific to the second temperature, e.g. 50 degrees Celsius, thereby limitingexposure container 1 to the first or second temperature, as appropriate. - In another embodiment, the
first process path 11 is maintained at a first temperature, for example 37 degrees Celsius. At a portion of thefirst process path 11, where it is desired to maintain a second temperature, for example 50 degrees Celsius, at least one other thermal energy source, such as an IR source and the like, may be thermally coupled with thefirst process path 11 to provide a desired amount of heat to the relevant portions of thefirst process path 11 at times required. Contents present incontainer 1 may experience a thermal rise to the second temperature during exposure to IR source followed by a thermal degradation to the first temperature as thecontainer 1 is removed from exposure to the IR source. - In another embodiment of the
structure 1 b illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, once afirst container 1 is placed on thefirst process path 11,belt 36 movesfirst container 1 via engagement withpin 36 a on thebelt 36.Prime mover 38 engagesbelt 36 viadrive gear 40 and drivengear 41.Prime mover mount 39 alignsprime mover 38 to drivengear 41 in the desired fashion. - Returning to FIGS. 3A and 3B, samples disposed in
containers 8, such as test tubes and the like, are loaded incontainer carriers 27 which are loaded ontoinput queue 17. Examples of asample container 8 and an associatedcontainer carrier 27 are shown in FIG. 6. Thecontainer 8 and thecontainer carrier 27 may be substantially similar to the container disclosed in above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,583 and Des. 401,697. -
Input queue 17 may be constructed similarly to a sample handler like the currently available Abbott FPC Flexible Pipetting Center or the common structures described in the '784 patent. An example of aninput queue 17 is shown in FIG. 4 and comprises a conveyor system like that disclosed in the '784 patent. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 is constructed such that a structure, such as thestructure 1 b of FIGS. 3A and 3B, may be disposed inspace 17 a so that theinput queue 17 and thestructure 1 b can cooperate. In this embodiment, sample input andoutput queues local queue 17 c. - A
bar code reader 25 is located adjacent thefirst process path 11 such that thebar code reader 25 can read a code associated with thecontainer 8 and/or thecontainer carrier 27. Thebar code reader 25 is used to identify a given sample located on theinput queue 17 at a position accessible bypipettor 19. - When the
bar code reader 25 identifies a sample,pipettor 19 can transfer that sample fromcontainer 8 on the input queue tofirst container 1 located on thefirst process path 11. Other items, such as reagents and the like, may be added tofirst container 1 bypipettor 19 andpipettor 12 in accordance with a given determination format. Reagents are stored inreagent handler 13 which may be similar to the reagent carousel disclosed in the '784 patent. In an exemplary embodiment,pipettors first container 1 at times specified in the “1 Tube DNA/RNA 20-20 Min Sample Prep Protocol, 1 Tube 1.5 hr PCR End Point Protocol” specified below. - In addition to
pipettor bottles first container 1 via fluid dispense nozzles.Containers container 31 contains solid phase microparticles, possibly magnetically responsive, which may require an agitator to homogenize thecontainer 31 contents, i.e. resuspend the particles in a fluid medium. The agitator may be incorporated into amicroparticle reagent handler 18 shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. This re-suspension could be accomplished with commonly understood mixing fins, complementary container fins and/or fin motion among other methods. In a specific embodiment, resuspension of the particles withincontainer 31 is achieved with a stir bar and associated apparatus also commonly understood in the field. Some or all containers described herein may be placed on thestructure 1 b shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. The contents of the containers may be preserved with use ofreagent seal 30 shown in FIG. 5C and/or with use of refrigeration. To provide additional flexibility in dispensing reagents, reagent dispense nozzles operatively associated with thefirst process path 11 may be integrated with transport mechanisms to allow reagents to be dispensed at any desired position on thefirst process path 11. - Sometimes, it may be desirable to mix or to agitate the contents of
first container 1. Mixing offirst container 1 contents alongfirst process path 11 may be selectively automatically performed at an selected time by amixer 5, such as themixer 5 shown in FIG. 13. In this embodiment,first container 1 is operatively engaged via feature 44 which is, in turn, operatively coupled togear train 43.Gear train 43 is configured to induce motion, e.g. orbital, circular or other, tofirst container 1 when rotated byprime mover 42. In one embodiment, mixing occurs at times specified in the “1 Tube DNA/RNA 20-20 Min Sample Prep Protocol, 1 Tube 1.5 hr PCR End Point Protocol” specified below. - In an embodiment where
pipettors disposable pipettor tips 28 shown in FIGS. 5F and 19, transport and loading of atip 28 or a group oftips 28 may be accomplished with loader andtransport mechanism 33 shown in FIG. 7, loader andtransport mechanism 34 shown in FIG. 8 or other equivalent arrangements. - After engagement of a
tip 28 by eitherpipettor first container 1 occurs.Pipettor tip 28 is washed with liquid atwash station 23 thereby reducing exposure to a contaminant. Subsequent additions tofirst container 1 may occur in similar fashion, as desired. After all desired additions tofirst container 1 have been completed,first container 1 contents may be is aspirated or otherwise removed fromfirst container 1 and dispensed or transferred to desired locations where other functions, such as genetic sequencing, a pharmacogenetic test and the like, can be performed. Then, thetip 28 may be removed frompipettor waste 24, thereby reducing exposure to a contaminant. By using asingle tip 28 for multiple reagent and singular sample or prepared sample manipulations can reduce solid waste and can provide reduced cost while maintaining desired levels of contamination reduction. Similar steps may be performed with thepipettors tip 28. - Mixing with
mixer 5 or other motions imparted tofirst container 1 may induce unintended distribution, e.g. aerosoling, of fluids contained infirst container 1. FIG. 14 shows feature orport 45 integrated intofirst process path 11 at appropriate locations.Port 45 is fluidly connected with a fluid pressure source, such as a negative fluid pressure source like a vacuum and the like, that draws air flow abovefirst container 1 away fromadjacent containers 1 onfirst process path 11 to a more desirable location. In this method, undesirable airborne contaminants may be routed to controlled locations. - Washing of microparticles used in some methods performed by the
structures 1 a and 1 b, viz. immunodiagnostic and/or PCR sample preparation methods, may utilize removal, evacuation or pipetting of unbound or bound microparticles fromfirst container 1 and/or other constituents of thefirst container 1 contents, such as if some of thefirst container 1 contents were attracted to and held bymagnet 4. - To perform this washing, at least one
wash zone 50 is located at an appropriate position alongfirst process path 11. Within awash zone 50 resides aprobe 49, shown in FIG. 16, constructed to automatically evacuate or pipettefirst container 1 contents, such as unbound or bound microparticles fromfirst container 1. More than oneprobe 49, such as 4, may comprise asingle wash zone 50. Washing steps, e.g. magnetic separation, aspiration, dispense, are further described in the '784 patent. - Where contamination is a concern, such as with DNA/RNA determinations, probe49 can be formed with an
outer tube 46 andinner tube 47 as shown in FIG. 15.Outer tube 46 may be held substantially concentrically with respect toinner probe 47 viamember 46 a. In some embodiments, themember 46 a may function as a fluid conveying conduit. In one embodiment,outer tube 46 is fluidly connected to a wash fluid source andinner tube 47 is fluidly connected to a vacuum source routed to waste. The wash fluid may be used for many purposes, such as to chemically wash unbound particles from particles bound to an item of interest held infirst container 1, and also to remove undesirable items, i.e. contamination, frominner tube 47 afterinner tube 47 comes into contact with fluid, such as fluid in thefirst container 1, during evacuation. - To improve methods of attracting microparticles to walls of
first container 1, the microparticles within thefirst container 1 may be exposed to a magnet station comprising two magnets disposed adjacent to thefirst container 1 along opposite sides of thefirst container 1. - Microparticles attracted to side wall(s) of
first container 1 can be resuspended at any time, such as during washing, via a suitable device, such asmixer 5 shown in FIG. 13. Alternately, aprobe first container 1 by appropriate movement of fluid within thefirst container 1. In such an embodiment, fluid, such as wash solution, is dispensed from aprobe first container 1, such as a vertical wall thereof, where relevant fluid and/or solid material to be resuspended is expected to reside. In this manner, the material to be resuspended in thefirst container 1 may be dispersed within thefirst container 1 as shown in FIG. 17. - After processing of
first container 1 contents is complete according to the selected format or protocol, thefirst container 1 contents is moved fromfirst container 1 and placed intosecond container 15 shown in FIG. 3. Material, such as reagent, additions tosecond container 15 occurs viapipettor 12.Second container 15 is then sealed withsealer 21. - Where relatively quick heating and cooling rates of the
second container 15 are desired, thesecond container 15 can be constructed to sustain relatively quick thermal energy transfer rates by using a relatively large heated surface tosecond container 15 contents volume ratio and/or a relatively thin wall(s) of thesecond container 15. - To facilitate transfer of
first container 1 contents tosecond container 15 in an automation fashion,second container 15 can be constructed with a first chamber and a second chamber with a first chamber opening being relatively larger than a second chamber opening.Pipettor 12 can enter and can fill the first chamber withfirst container 1 contents and other reagents. Then, the first chamber opening may be sealed withsealer 21. The relatively smaller second chamber opening may restrict the contents of the first chamber from moving to the second chamber. Alternatively, the first chamber opening may be sealed bysealer 21 to a first level called a “softseal” prior to transfer of the container tospinner 22. In this case, after removal of thesecond container 15 fromspinner 22, the first chamber opening may be sealed bysealer 21 to a second level different than the first level. -
Second container 15 is transported to aspinner device 22 that moves thesecond container 15 such that contents of the first chamber are displaced to the second chamber by centrifugal force. After the contents of the first chamber have moved to the second chamber,second container 15 is removed fromspinner device 22 to a heat transfer device for further processing. Alternately, filling ofsecond container 15 to its second chamber can be achieved by force induced by pressure from fluidics coupled topipettor 12, or,pipettor 12 can enter the second chamber ofsecond container 15 and thereby fill the second chamber. - Although capillary tube or tubes having capillary like construction are amenable to desirable heat transfer rates, filling such tubes typically involves force or centrifugation to move liquid into the tube. In another embodiment,
second container 15 comprisingassembly 15 c, illustrated in FIGS. 27A through 27F, may be used. In this embodiment,second container 15 is accepts contents throughopening 57. The orifice of opening 57 ofsecond container 15 is relatively larger than a capillary tube to allow for automated pipetting of contents intosecond container 15 without any secondary operations, such as centrifugation. Prior to further DNA amplification,second container 15 may be sealed to reduce contamination.Seal 15 b engagessecond container 15 to provide contamination reduction and evaporation control. Anouter wall 58 ofseal 15 b is relatively smaller than aninner wall 59 ofsecond container 15 such that, when engaged withsecond container 15, contents insecond container 15 can displace aroundouter wall 58. This displacement of contents increases heat transfer to liquid area ratio thereby providing for relatively rapid heat transfer. In some embodiments,outer wall 58 can include fins (not shown) such that the fins engagesecond container 15inner wall 59 to positionseal 15 b substantially concentrically with respect tosecond container 15 thereby providing for substantially uniform displacement of contents around theouter wall 58 ofseal 15 b and for substantially uniform heat transfer to the contents. -
Second container 15 and seal 15 b are matable to formassembly 15 c shown in FIGS. 27C and 27F. Thisassembly 15 c can be transferred to a second process path or thermal cycling/detection module 16 for further processing. - In one embodiment, the steps of transporting the
second container 15 to thespinner device 22 occur afterpipettor 12 adds up to three reagents and sample tosecond container 15. A robot then movessecond container 15 to a second process path or heat transfer/detection apparatus 16. Theapparatus 16 may bring thesecond container 15 to a temperature the same as or different from a temperature(s) to which the first process path brings thefirst container 1. - FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate one construction of the heat transfer/
detection apparatus 16 comprising 112 heat transfer/detection modules 16 a such that throughput of samples prepared onfirst process path 11 is compatible with PCR processing times of approximately one hour to yield a structure throughput of approximately 100 tests per hour. Heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 can be used for isothermal reactions, thermal cycling, integrated heat transfer and detection, among other processes. In some embodiments, heat transfer functions and the detection functions can be performed by separate structures, e.g. theapparatus 16 can comprise a hat transfer structure and a detection structure, which may be located adjacently, separately or in any appropriate fashion. After detection inapparatus 16,second container 15 is automatically removed and discarded to waste by the robot or transferred to another detector for further determinations. - In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, isolated sample preparation can be performed on
first process path 11 and amplification and detection can be performed on theadjacent apparatus 16. Here, these two processes are substantially separated such that contamination concerns specific to DNA/RNA chemistries may be reduced. - The
first process path 11 for automated preparation of sample may be operatively connected to theapparatus 16 for amplification and detection by further apparatus such as the robot. - In some embodiments, the
second process path 16 is a continuation of thefirst process path 11 thereby forming a single process path. In such an embodiment, any of the containers described herein may be used along the entire process path thereby eliminating the need to transfer fromcontainer 1 tocontainer 15. In other words, sample can be transferred from thesample container 8 to a single process container that is used to perform all the steps described herein. - There are a number of other possible modifications to the
structures 1 a and 1 b. In one modification,first process path 11 in FIGS. 3A and 3B can include a process step performance lane, such asfirst process path 11, where a process step is selectively automatically performed, and a process step avoidance lane where the process step is selectively automatically avoided, possibly located to avoid awash zone 50.First container 1 containing the reaction mixture may be selectively automatically positioned in a selected one of the process step performance lane or the process step avoidance lane based on selected format or protocol similar to the manner described in the '784 patent. - In other modifications,
second container 15 could be a capillary tube, a tube possessing capillary tube characteristics, a reaction vessel described in U.S. Pat. No. Des. 401,700, a reaction tube, such as that supplied by Cepheid of Sunnyvale, California, a tube similar tofirst container 1, and the like. Heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 could utilize Peltier, microwave, resistive, forced air and/or liquid heating/cooling technologies.Modules 16 a could also utilize Peltier, IR, microwave, resistive, forced air and/or liquid heating/cooling technologies, and may be substantially similar to the thermal cycler and/or detector components of the Smart Cycler™ system supplied by Cepheid (Sunnyvale, Calif.), the Tetrad™ or PTC-100™ systems supplied by MJ Research, INC (Waltham, Mass.), the Sprint™ system supplied by Hybaid (Franklin, Mass.), the Multigene™ system supplied by Labnet International (Woodbridge, N.J.), theRoboCyler™ 40 or 96 systems supplied by Stratagene USA (La Jolla, Calif.), the 480, 9600, or 9700 systems supplied by Perkin-Elmer (Foster City, California), and the like. - Further modifications of the structures la and lb are possible. The following examples of such modifications utilize common reference characters for similar structures.
- In another structure1 c shown in FIG. 20, heat transfer/
detection apparatus 16 can be integrated intofirst process path 11 as shown in FIG. 20. Here,first container 1 remains onfirst process path 11 while passing through thermal zones amenable to the desired format. - In an
additional structure 1 d shown in FIG. 21, thefirst container 1 is transferred tosecond container 15 and, subsequently,second container 15 passes through thermal zones amenable to desired format. Thus, a portion of a thermal reaction can be implemented insecond container 15processing line 15 a prior to transfer of thesecond container 15 to heat transfer/detection apparatus 16. - In another structure le illustrated in FIG. 22, the second process path or heat transfer/
detection apparatus 16 can include a plurality of individually controlled second process sub-paths or heat transfer/detection paths 16 b. Each of the heat transfer/detection paths 16 b may be dedicated to a particular item of interest in a manner substantially similar to the construction of the Abbott Prism® instrument. - In an
additional structure 1 f depicted in FIG. 23,first container 1 contents processing can be preformed and the processedfirst container 1 contents transferred into a reaction vessel ortray 52, such as a multiple well (e.g. 96 wells) tray filled with desired reagents. Thestructure 1 f may also include abypass region 56 on thefirst process path 11, as described in the '784 patent. The tray may be sealed and moved to anoutput queue 54 for transfer, either manual or automatic, to further apparatus such as heat transfer/detection apparatus 16. In this modification, further methods may be employed to improve customer lab workflow by sorting samples by desired assay in asample handling queue 17 prior to further processing. This allows for consolidation of heating and cooling devices, such as the number ofmodules 16 a within the heat transfer/detection apparatus 16, needed to process chemistry requiring different heating and cooling protocols for each assay. - The structures described herein and their use may be optimized, for example, the structures may be adjusted such that number of determinations in a given time period are increased, by allocating items such as determinations to be performed, samples, reagents, containers, etc., across elements of the structure(s).
- For example, an operator loads samples on the
sample handler 17 of the structure in any order. To reduce cost per determination or to improve structure reliability, among other things, the number of items present in a structure may be reduced. Some determinations, for example DNA/RNA amplification and detection, require heating and cooling protocols that may vary from determination to determination. This may complicate cost and/or item reduction. To achieve these reductions, items may be allocated across elements of the structure(s). - In the embodiments discussed herein, a determination method may consist of a number, such as three, of processes. In one employment, a determination comprises a first process, a second process and a third process. The first process may be common to all determinations, such as DNA/RNA sample preparation, sample incubation, immunodiagnostic sample preparation and determination and the like. The second process, for example, amplification and the like, may be specific to a given determination. The third process, for example, detection, may be either common to all determinations or specific to a given determination.
- To allocate items across elements of the structure(s), samples are identified and then grouped by commonality in second and third processes. For example, one DNA/RNA assay may be processed according to one protocol, such as Protocol A described below, in one
module module sample handler 17 to processpath 11, allocation ofmodules modules containers 52 needed, while increasing throughput. - Sample sorting may comprise identifying sample information by reading a bar code on
container 8 held by thesample handler 17 with a barcode reader. Thecontainers 8 may then be sorted (mechanically) withother containers 8 within a givencarrier 27 and thencarriers 27 may then be sorted withother carriers 27 in thesample handler 17 by determinations having common second and third processes. After sorting, samples fromcontainers 8 are transferred tocontainer 1 bypipettor 19. Alternately, sample sorting may be achieved bypipettor 19 selectively transferring sample fromcontainer 8 tocontainer 1 onprocess path 11 based on predetermined, sorted order. - Once the sample is in the
container 1 on theprocess path 11, the first process comprising the determination method is performed. After the first process is finished, depending on the particular structure used, the second and/or third processes may occur in either theprocess path 11, in one ormore modules - By sorting or grouping samples according to common second and/or third process, an optimal number of
modules more modules more modules - FIG. 22 shows another structure1 e where
modules 16 b can be duplicated according to sample sorting outcomes. FIGS. 23 and 24 showother structures modules 16 can be located exterior to the structure(s). Here, sorted samples can be duplicated acrossmultiple modules 16 exterior to the structure(s) 1 f and 1 g. - FIG. 20 shows another structure1 c where
module 16 is integrated intoprocess path 11. Sample sorting here allows forprocess path 11 to be programmed for one determination for a first period of time and then be programmed for another determination for a second period of time. - In applications involving sorting samples by determination in
sample handling queue 17 prior to further processing, it may be desirable to form relatively small groupings. The grouping size can determine the size oftray 52 and its corresponding heat transfer/detection apparatus 16. In a structure 1 i depicted in FIG. 26, samples may be sorted by determination into relatively small groupings including about twelve samples. Thetray 52 and thermal cycling/detection module 16 c within thermal cycling/detection module 16 are both configured to accommodate groupings of twelve withmodule 16 c providing individual control of each grouping of twelve. The structure 1 i may reduce the number of thermal cycling/detection modules 16 c required to maintain desired throughput. - Additional enhancements, such as with software controlling the structure, can be provided to manage test distribution lists, to generate reagent load maps, to make reagent loading suggestions, and to manage data.
- In an
further structure 1 g shown in FIG. 24,first container 1 contents preparation can be preformed and the preparedfirst container 1 contents can be transferred into another container or tray. The container is moved to an output queue for manual or automatic transfer to further apparatus that performs reagent addition, heat transfer, and detection. - In an
additional structure 1 h depicted in FIG. 25, samples do not need to be sorted insample input queue 17, and the number of thermal cycling/detection modules 16 d required is reduced. In thisstructure 1 h,second container 15 is transferred to thermal cycling module led, eachmodule 16 d being individually controlled and each having a detector.Module 16 d may thermally transfersecond container 15 through a plurality, such as about two or three, thermal zones within a carousel over a number of positions. One position on the carousel contains a detector.Module 16 d is designed to acceptadditional containers 15 sequentially whileother containers 15 are being processed withinmodule 16 d. Alternately,module 16 d can be fully loaded withcontainers 15 and all containers can be processed substantially simultaneously. - Other embodiments of the
module 16 d are illustrated in FIGS. 30A, 30B, 31, 32A and 32B. Common reference numbers are used to indicate similar structures in FIGS. 30A, 30B, 31, 32A and 32B. These other embodiments of themodule 16 d can be used for thermal amplification and detection of PCR products, for example. - A
tray 70 has at least one compartment or well 71 where thermal amplification can occur. While the embodiments of FIGS. 30B and 32B includes 8wells 71, the number ofwells 71 can be modified as desired. The well 71 can be numbered and may be bar coded to facilitate identification. In this manner, well 71 position, contents, etc. can be checked by machine, such as with optics. In some embodiments, thetray 70 may be a disposable item easily removed from the associated structure. - A well71 may be bounded on at least one side by a
divider 72 to reduce exposure of contents of a well 71 to a contaminant. To further reduce exposure to a contaminant, the well 71 may be removably covered or sealed. - The
tray 70 is operatively connected with a motor 76 (FIG. 31), such as a stepping motor, a servo motor or the like controlled by a microprocessor and the like, by adrive shaft 73 thereby providing for desired, controlled rotation of thetray 70. -
Container 8 contents can be transferred from thefirst process path 11 to the well 71 for amplification and detection. To provide desired thermal exposure of thetray 70 and the well 71, at least oneheater 74 is thermally associated with thetray 70. If multiple or different thermal exposures are desired, then an appropriate number ofheaters 74 can be included. As shown in FIGS. 30B and 32B, four (4)heaters 74 are disposed in thermal association with thetray 70 thereby providing four different temperatures or different thermal exposures. Theheater 74 may utilize electric, microwave, Peltier effect, forced air or similar technology. - The
heater 74 may operate such that the well 71 is at a desired temperature prior to or after addition of contents to thewell 71. In some embodiments, theheater 74 may be separated from thetray 70 such that thetray 70 is operatively connected with theheater 74 either prior to or after addition of contents to the well 71 on thetray 70. - As the
tray 70 rotates, the well 71 and its contents are exposed or brought to the temperature provided by theadjacent heater 74. As thermal variations may be cyclical, i.e. repetitive of a given pattern, rotation of thetray 70 can bring the well 71 and its contents to desired temperature(s) in desired sequence for a desired time period. Thus, the well 71 and its contents can experience consecutive, well-defined temperature zones as thetray 70 rotates. Eachheater 74 may correspond to temperatures specific to a given reaction, such as melt, annealing, extension, etc., defined by the particular determination being performed. - A time period during which a given well71 is located adjacent a given
heater 74 is determined by the rotational speed of thetray 70. In some utilizations, a number of rotations or step-wise movements of thetray 70 may be proportional to a number of cycles performed by a currently available thermal cycler. Rotational speed of thetray 70 may be controlled such that the well 71 is positioned adjacent aheater 74 for a specified length of time. For example, afirst heater 74 may bring the well 71 to a temperature capable of dissociating, or melting, double stranded DNA strands. Asecond heater 74, adjacent thefirst heater 74, may bring the well 71 to a temperature that induces association of complementary strands, such as a target and a primer, or a target and a probe. Thesecond heater 74 or anotherheater 74 may be used to allow enzymatic polymerase elongation of the primer, and the well 71 is positioned adjacent thatheater 74 for a time sufficient for the reaction to finish. By adjustingtray 70 rotational speed, thermal “area,” i.e. the area in which theheater 74 can bring the well 71 and its contents to a temperature associated with theheater 74, of theheater 74 and temperature values associated with theheater 74, optimal thermal cycling parameters for a certain assay may be accomplished. - Once the desired thermal exposure of the well71 is complete, the item of interest present in the well 71 can be detected by
detector 75. If the well 71 were sealed, then the seal may be removed or, alternatively, the seal may be made of a material that allows optical transmission so thatdetector 75 can monitor the well 71 and detect the item of interest, if present. Thedetector 75 may also read a bar code associated with thetray 70 or the well 71. - The
detector 75 may be used in a dynamic (real time) mode, such as to detect, in real time, PCR products by reading the well 71 as it moves with respect to thedetector 75. In some embodiments, thedetector 75 may read the well 71 every n times the well 71 encounters thedetector 75. The number n may be determined to allow for comparing status of the well 71 with a predetermined threshold at a predetermined time(s). Thedetector 75 can be used for static, end point reads. - The
detector 75 may be stationary with respect to thetray 70 or may move with respect to thetray 70. Ifmultiple trays 70 are present, thenmultiple detectors 75, such as onedetector 75 for eachtray 70, may be used. Fiber optics may be used to channel light from a well 71 to thedetector 75. - The
detector 75 may use a light source to illuminate contents of a well 71 at a single or multiple wavelengths, therebyaccommodating multiplex detector 75 data reduction of multiple wavelength emission intensity at discrete wavelengths, for example. In some embodiments, thedetector 75 may provide single or parallel detection of single or multiple wavelengths, such as fluorescence emissions from thewell 71. - Another
module 16 h is shown in FIG. 33. Thismodule 16 h includes afluid conveying conduit 77 disposed within a block 78. Theconduit 77 may be formed as acoil 79 in the block 78. The block 78 is constructed with suitable thermal energy conductive elements to form at least a firstthermal zone 80A having a first temperature and a secondthermal zone 80B having a second temperature different from the first temperature. With this construction, some portions of thecoil 79 are in athermal zone coil 79 while some portions of thecoil 79 are in the samethermal zone -
Container first process path 11 to aninlet 81 of theconduit 77. The fluid forced to flow from theinlet 81 through thecoil 79 by suitable means, such as a pump, capillary action, etc. As the fluid flows through thecoil 79, the fluid encounters or is brought to different temperatures as it moves betweenthermal zones - The temperatures associated with the
thermal zones coil 79 is equivalent to the number of cycles performed by a currently available thermal cycler. The fluid flow in thecoil 79 is controlled such that the fluid resides in eachthermal zone thermal zone 80B may bring the fluid to a temperature capable of dissociating, or melting, double stranded DNA strands. The otherthermal zone 80A may bring the fluid top a temperature inducing association of complementary strands, such as a target and a primer, or a target and a probe. This samethermal zone 80A may be used to allow enzymatic polymerase elongation of the primer. Of course, the fluid flow is adjusted to expose the fluid to athermal zone detector 75 is disposed adjacent thecoil 79 to monitor status of the fluid within thecoil 79 in a manner substantially similar to that described above. - Fluid corresponding to various samples may be introduced to the
conduit 77 separated by suitable other fluid, such as air, a buffer and the like. - Any heat transfer/detection module can be used in
apparatus 16. For example,apparatus 16 can use methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,576,218, assigned to the assignee of the present case. The disclosure of the '218 patent is incorporated herein in its entirety. - The
module 16 a shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B can provide thermal cycling of reaction contents insecond container 15 with use of heated or chilled fluids as shown in FIG. 29. Fluid is storedreservoir 65 and heated or chilled bythermal controller 66. Fluid is routed tomodule 16 a throughport 16 e at desired times by metering fan or pump 67. Heat transfer occurs between the contents insecond container 15 and the heated or chilled fluid. The metered amount of fluid transferred tomodule 16 a determines the time contents insecond container 15 will remain at a given temperature. Evacuation of fluid frommodule 16 a occurs throughport 16 f with use ofvalve 68 and/or additional pumps or gravity tocontainer 65 or to waste. Given that thermal mass ofsecond container 15,second container 15 contents and metered fluid contained incontainer 65 are known, the temperature of a metered fluid interaction withsecond container 15 may be calculated and predicted thereby reducing a need for temperature control at the interface of the fluid with thesecond container 15. - Different temperatures of contents in
second container 15 can be achieved, e.g., by adding additional reservoir pumps and ports, such asport 16 g shown in FIG. 29. To enhance performance of rapid heat transfer,second container 15 can be constructed as a pouch out of a thin polymeric film. Also,thermal element 69 may be positioned adjacent to and in contact withmodule 16 a and controlled at a desired temperature. - Orientation of detector optics to
second container Second container 15 d may include at least onefirst face 60 on a first axis plane, designated ‘YZ’, and at least onesecond face 61 on a second axis plane ‘XY’. Anoptical source 62 may be located adjacent to thefirst face 60 and anoptical detector 63 may be located adjacent to asecond face 61 opposite thefirst face 60 such that excitation of a label associated with an item of interest is induced byoptical source 62 and emission of a signal, such as light, from the label is detected by detector ordetector pair 63. The relative position of a first axis plane is different from the second axis plane to provide an increased signal collection area. The detector ordetector pair 63 may be a single photodiode, quadrant photodiode, diode array, photomultiplier tube, or any combination of these detection devices. Combining optics with heating elements can be done with use oftransparent heating elements 64 mounted in transparent material, such as glass, the heaters being located 10 adjacent to at least one of the second faces of thesecond container 15 d, and possibly lying on the second plane. In some embodiments, theoptical source 62 may lie on a plane substantially orthogonal to the detector ordetector pair 63. In this optical configuration,second container 15 d could be a reaction tube supplied by Cepheid of Sunnyvale, Calif., or be any reaction container configuration including but not limited to a substantially hemispherical, spherical, cubic, or tetrahedron shape. - It is to be noted that additional
first container 1 contents preparation, immunodiagnostic, and/or determination processing modules may be connected together with a common robotic and/or system processor, such as a computer and the like. It should also be noted that the heat transfer/detection apparatus 16 could acceptfirst container 1 contents or other sample, processed or not, from another process path not operatively coupled to the structures 1 a through 1 i. - The described elements comprising the structures1 a through 1 i may be selectively automatically and/or manually operated at desired times to accomplish a desired determination of an item of interest. The functions of the elements can be performed in any desired order any desired number of times to achieve desired results. The methods of operation and items, such as reagents and the like, used may be substantially similar to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,809, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.
- The following example of a DNA/RNA sample extraction protocol and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol illustrates such an application. The time periods, temperatures, volumes and elements (containers, solutions, reagents, etc.) used can be adjusted as desired. The position numbers correspond to the
structure 1 b of FIGS. 3A and 3B. However, the position numbers may also indicate the number of stepwise movements along a process path in the same manner as used to described the various assay formats in the '784 patent. - 1 Tube DNA/RNA 20-20 Min Sample Preparation Protocol and 1 Tube 1.5 hr PCR End Point Protocol
- 0 Seconds—At Position0: Instrument loads
first container 1 ontofirst process path 11 - 1-36 Seconds—At Position1: Pipettor 19 engages a
disposable pipette tip 28, aspirates magnetically responsive microparticles (about 0.1 ml) fromcontainer 31 inreagent storage area 18, and dispenses those microparticles intofirst container 1 atPosition 1. Thedisposable pipette tip 28 is washed with fluid inwash cup 23.Pipettor 19 aspirates another reagent (about 0.05 ml), such as an internal control and the like, from a container located inreagent handling area 13, dispenses that reagent intofirst container 1, anddisposable pipette tip 28 is washed with fluid in wash cup 23 a second time. Sample (about 1 ml) disposed incontainer 8 is aspirated bypipettor 19 and dispensed intofirst container 1.Disposable pipette tip 28 is removed frompipettor 19 and deposited intip waste 24. Alternately, the pipettor wash performed after microparticle dispense can be eliminated. In this case, microparticles and internal control are aspirated and dispensed intofirst container 1 substantially simultaneously or sequentially. Alternatively, a subset of or all liquid washes can be eliminated, in which case, microparticles, internal controls and sample may be aspirated and simultaneously and/or sequentially dispensed intofirst container 1. - 37-72 Seconds—At Position2: A dispense nozzle coupled to
first process path 11 is fluidically connected to a reagent container, such asreagent bottle 32 as shown in FIGS. 5B and 19, containing a lyse solution. About 6 mL of lyse solution is dispensed, either at room temperature or at about 37 degrees Celsius, to thefirst container 1. - 73-108 Seconds—At Position3: Contents of
first container 1 are mixed withmixer 5.First container 1 contents are incubated at about 37 degrees Celsius. - 109-1260 Seconds—At
Positions 4 through 35: Continue incubation for about 19.8 minutes at about 37 degrees Celsius.First container 1 contents are mixed at about 648 seconds and at about 1224 seconds. Periodic mixing offirst container 1 contents enhances reaction. - 1261-1296 Seconds—At Position36: Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of
first container 1 withmagnet 4. - 1297-1332 Seconds—At Position37: Elements comprising the
wash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids withprobe 49. Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder offirst container 1 contents bymagnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparatedfirst container 1 contents. A wash solution (buffer) is dispensed from theprobe 49 into thefirst container 1.Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at,e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1333-1368 Seconds—At Position38:
Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically washsolution # 1 in this example, in thefirst container 1. Alternately, resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense intofirst container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17. Alternatively, functions performed atpositions 36, 37, and/or 38 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1369-1404 Seconds—At Position39: Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of
first container 1 withmagnet 4. Elements comprising thewash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids withprobe 49. Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder offirst container 1 contents bymagnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparatedfirst container 1 contents.Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at,e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1405-1440 Seconds—At Position40:
Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid in thefirst container 1. Alternately, resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense intofirst container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17. Functions performed atpositions 36, 37, and/or 38 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1441-1476 Seconds—At Position41: Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of
first container 1 withmagnet 4. Elements comprising thewash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids withprobe 49. Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder offirst container 1 contents bymagnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparatedfirst container 1 contents. A wash solution (buffer) is dispensed from theprobe 49 into thefirst container 1.Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at,e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1477-1512 Seconds—At Position42:
Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions. Mixer provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically washsolution # 2 in this example, in thefirst container 1. Alternately, resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense intofirst container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17. Functions performed atpositions 36, 37, and/or 38 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1513-1548 Seconds—At Position43: Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of
first container 1 withmagnet 4. Elements comprising thewash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids withprobe 49. Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder offirst container 1 contents bymagnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparatedfirst container 1 contents. A wash solution (buffer) is dispensed from theprobe 49 into thefirst container 1.Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at,e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1549-1584 Seconds—At Position44:
Probe 49 performs wash and dispense functions.Mixer 5 provides resuspension of microparticles into fluid, specifically washsolution # 2 in this example, in thefirst container 1. Alternately, resuspension of microparticles can be accomplished with appropriate fluid dispense intofirst container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 17. - 1584-1620 Seconds—At Position45: Item of interest bound to microparticles are captured on side wall of
first container 1 withmagnet 4. Elements comprising thewash zone 50 perform wash functions, described herein, comprising magnetic separation and aspiration and dispense of fluids withprobe 49. Specifically, microparticles are separated from the remainder offirst container 1 contents bymagnet 4 and probe 49 removes the unseparatedfirst container 1 contents.Probe 49 is washed. Alternately, wash functions performed separately at,e.g. positions 36 and 37 can be combined at one position onfirst process path 11. - 1621-1656 Seconds—At Position46: A pump, operatively associated with the
first process path 11, connected fluidly with a dispense nozzle, and fluidly coupled with thefirst process path 11, and a reagent container, such ascontainer 29 shown in FIGS. 5E and 19, induces dispense of a fluid, such as an elution reagent, tofirst container 1. In one embodiment, about 80 μL of elution reagent is dispensed at ambient temperature or, alternately, at about 70 degrees Celsius. - 1657-2844 Seconds—At Positions47-76:
First container 1 contents are incubated, for a period of about 19.8 minutes, in this example at about 37 degrees Celsius, or at a temperature substantially within the range of about 50 to about 70 degrees Celsius. Periodic mixing enhances reactions among elements of thefirst container 1 contents. Elution reagent releases the item of interest from the microparticles. - 2845-2880 Seconds—At Position77: At
position 76,pipettor 12 engages adisposable pipettor tip 28, aspirates a first reagent from a container inreagent storage area 13, and dispenses that reagent intosecond container 15 oncontainer processor line 15 a. Thedisposable pipette tip 28 is washed with fluid inwash cup 24.Pipettor 12 aspirates a second reagent from a container inreagent handling area 13, dispenses the second reagent intosecond container 15, anddisposable pipette tip 28 is washed with inwash cup 24. A third reagent is aspirated intopipette tip 28 from a container inreagent handling area 13, and thefirst container 1 contents containing the item of interest, about 50 μL, is aspirated fromfirst container 1 inposition 77 offirst process path 11 to thepipette tip 28. The third reagent and the aspiratedfirst container 1 contents are dispensed from thepipette tip 28 intosecond container 15 andpipettor 12 ejectsdisposable pipette tip 28 to tipwaste 24. Alternately, the third reagent can be dispensed intofirst container 1 onfirst process path 11 atposition 76 bypipettor 12 or by another dispense nozzle on thefirst process path 11. In another embodiment, the first reagent and second reagent aspirations can be completed, without washing thepipettor 12 between aspirations, and the reagents can be dispensed intosecond container 15 substantially simultaneously. The volumes of each of the three reagents may be substantially within the range of about 10 to about 50 μL. If it were desired to detect more than one item of interest in a given sample, portions of the contents offirst container 1 can be transferred to a corresponding number ofcontainers 15. These multiple transfers offirst container 1 contents may occur fromposition 77 or, alternately, may occur fromposition 77 and subsequent position(s). If a relatively large number, such as about 15, of items of interest are to be determined from one sample, then multiple aspirations and dispenses can occur fromcontainer 8 and/orfirst container 1 bypipettors 19 and/or 12. - 2881-2916 Seconds—
Second container 15 is transported on thecontainer processor line 15 a to thesealer 21 where thesecond container 15 is sealed. The sealedsecond container 15 is transported to thespinner 22 where the contents in the upper portion ofsecond container 15 are moved to the lower portion ofsecond container 15. - 2917-2952 Seconds—A robot engages
second container 15, and places thesecond container 15 in a heat transfer/detection module 16 a where thesecond container 15 is exposed to a thermal cycle and the item of interest in thesecond container 15 is detected. - 2953-8352 Seconds—Assay Specific Thermal Cycling Protocols:
Second container 15 undergoes a thermal cycling protocol as specified. The following are a few examples of such a protocol. - Protocol A
- 1. about 59 degrees Celsius for about 30 30 minutes. One cycle
- 2. about 95 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds, about 54 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds, about 72 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds. 4 cycles
- 3. about 90 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds, about 59 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds, about 72 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds. 46 cycles
- 4. about 94 degrees Celsius for about 5 minutes, about 45 degrees Celsius for about 15 minutes, about 25 degrees Celsius for about 10 min. 1 cycle
- Protocol B
- 1. about 94 degrees Celsius for about 10 minutes. One cycle.
- 2. about 94 degrees Celsius for about 1 minute, about 58 degrees Celsius for about 1 minute. 45 cycles.
- 3. about 58 degrees Celsius for about 10 minutes, about 94 degrees Celsius for about 5 minutes, about 55 degrees Celsius for about 15 minutes, about 25 degrees Celsius and maintain.
- Protocol C
- 1. about 95 degrees Celsius for about 9.5 minutes. One cycle.
- 2. about 95 degrees Celsius for about 30 seconds, about 59 degrees Celsius for about 1 minute. 41 cycles.
- 3. about 95 degrees Celsius for about 3 minutes, about 25 degrees Celsius for about 10 minutes. One cycle
- 8353-8388 Seconds—After completion of the particular thermal cycling protocol selected, the item of interest in the
second container 15 is detected and thesecond container 15 is disposed. A result of the above steps is reported. - In any of the embodiments described herein, lysis may include use of induced electrical pulse(s) or sonication whereby such pulsing causes DNA/RNA to be exposed in undamaged form prior to binding.
- In addition to the above-disclosed DNA/RNA method or protocol, the method performed by the structures1 a through 1 g may be an immunodiagnostic method. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,784 lists various methods or formats that may be executed with the above-disclosed structures 1 a through 1 g, possibly with appropriate modification. Furthermore, DNA/RNA extraction could be amplified and detected with the structures 1 a through 1 g, or alternately transported to another structure la or a different structure, such as those disclosed in the '784 patent and the like, for further processing. It is understood that
first container 1 could be sealed by suitable means, if desired. - In another embodiment, the contents of
first container 1, after processing discussed above, can be transferred fromPosition 76 on thefirst process path 11 to an optical flow cell on the structure. The optical flow cell is substantially similar to that described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,589,394, 5,601,234, 5,631,165, 5,631,730, 5,656,499, 5,812,419, and 5,891,734. Those patents are assigned to the assignee of the present case and the disclosures thereof are incorporated herein in their entirety. The item of interest in the sample can be detected with the optical flow cell. - In a modification of this embodiment, sample directly from
first container
Claims (26)
1. A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sample accessible to the single structure;
(b) placing a first container for processing the sample in a first process path on the single structure;
(c) transferring the sample to the first container in the first process path;
(d) adding a reagent to the first container in the first process path;
(e) mixing contents of the first container in the first process path;
(f) separating the item of interest in the sample from the contents of the first container in the first process path;
(g) transferring the separated item of interest in the sample from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure;
(h) bringing contents of the second container to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path; and
(i) detecting the item of interest in the second container in the second process path.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(j) transferring a second sample to a second first container in the first process path;
(k) adding a reagent to the second first container in the first process path; and
(l) detecting the item of interest in the second first container in the first process path.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(j) sealing at least one of the first container and the second container.
4. A method as defined in claim 3 further comprising the step of:
(k) removing a seal from at least one of the first container and the second container.
5. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(j) reducing exposure of contents of at least one of the first container and the second container to a contaminant.
6. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the step of:
(j) bringing contents of the second container to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the second process path.
7. A method as defined in claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
(j) transferring a second sample to a second first container in the first process path;
(k) adding a reagent to the second first container in the first process path;
(l) transferring contents of the second first container to an optical flow cell on the single structure;
(m) illuminating the optical flow cell; and
(n) detecting the item of interest in the sample in the optical flow cell.
8. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the second process path includes a plurality of second process sub-paths, and wherein the transferring step (g) further comprises:
(i) transferring the second container to at least one of the plurality of second process sub-paths.
9. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein a determination of an item of interest comprises at least one process, the method further comprising the steps of:
(j) discerning determinations to be performed by the single structure;
(k) sorting samples provided to the single structure by common at least one process; and
(l) transferring the samples to the first process path in an order determined by sorting step (k).
10. A method as defined in claim 9 further comprising the step of:
(m) allocating an element of the single structure to a given determination based on sorting step (k).
11. A method as defined in claim 9 further comprising the step of:
(m) duplicating an element of the single structure based on sorting step (k).
12. A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) transferring a sample to a first container in a first process path on the single structure;
(b) separating an item of interest in the sample from the contents of the first container in the first process path;
(c) transferring the separated item of interest in the sample from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure;
(d) bringing contents of the second container to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path; and
(e) detecting the item of interest in the second container in the second process path.
13. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of:
(f) sealing at least one of the first container and the second container.
14. A method as defined in claim 13 further comprising the step of:
(g) removing a seal from at least one of the first container and the second container.
15. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of:
(f) reducing exposure of contents of at least one of the first container and the second container to a contaminant.
16. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the step of:
(f) bringing contents of the second container to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the second process path.
17. A method as defined in claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
(f) transferring a second sample to a second first container in the first process path;
(g) adding a reagent to the second first container in the first process path;
(h) transferring contents of the second first container to an optical flow cell on the single structure;
(i) illuminating the optical flow cell; and
(j) detecting the item of interest in the sample in the optical flow cell.
18. A method as defined in claim 12 wherein the second process path includes a plurality of second process sub-paths, and wherein the transferring step (c) further comprises:
(i) transferring the second container to at least one of the plurality of second process sub-paths.
19. A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) transferring a sample to a container in a process path on the single structure;
(b) separating an item of interest in the sample from the contents of the container in the process path;
(c) bringing contents of the container to a first temperature in the process path;
(d) bringing contents of the container to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path; and
(e) detecting the item of interest in the container in the process path.
20. A method as defined in claim 19 further comprising the step of:
(f) reducing exposure of contents of the container to a contaminant.
21. A method as defined in claim 19 wherein the process path includes a plurality of sub-paths, and further comprising the step of:
(f) transferring the container to at least one of the plurality of sub-paths.
22. A method as defined in claim 19 wherein a determination of an item of interest comprises at least one process, the method further comprising the steps of:
(f) discerning determinations to be performed by the single structure;
(g) sorting samples provided to the single structure by common at least one process; and
(h) transferring the samples to the first process path in an order determined by sorting step (g).
23. A method as defined in claim 22 further comprising the step of:
(i) allocating an element of the single structure to a given determination based on sorting step (g).
24. A method as defined in claim 22 further comprising the step of:
(i) duplicating an element of the single structure based on sorting step (g).
25. A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) transferring a sample to a first container in a first process path on the single structure;
(b) transferring the sample from the first container in the first process path to a second container in a second process path on the single structure;
(c) bringing contents of the second container to a first temperature different from a temperature of the first process path in the second process path; and
(d) detecting the item of interest in the second container in the second process path.
26. A method of performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample using a single structure, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) transferring a sample to a container in a process path on the single structure;
(b) bringing contents of the container to a first temperature on the process path on the single structure;
(c) bringing contents of the container to a second temperature different from the first temperature in the process path on the single structure; and
(d) detecting the item of interest in the container in the process path on the single structure.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/092,837 US20020127727A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2002-03-07 | Structure and method for performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10419198P | 1998-10-14 | 1998-10-14 | |
US09/415,796 US6413780B1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 1999-10-11 | Structure and method for performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample |
US10/092,837 US20020127727A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2002-03-07 | Structure and method for performing a determination of an item of interest in a sample |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69934506D1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1121200B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
CA2346951A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
JP2003522322A (en) | 2003-07-22 |
CA2346951C (en) | 2008-12-23 |
ATE348660T1 (en) | 2007-01-15 |
JP4331407B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
DE69934506T2 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO2000021668A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
US6413780B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
EP1121200A1 (en) | 2001-08-08 |
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