US20010045306A1 - Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe - Google Patents
Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe Download PDFInfo
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- US20010045306A1 US20010045306A1 US09/392,043 US39204399A US2001045306A1 US 20010045306 A1 US20010045306 A1 US 20010045306A1 US 39204399 A US39204399 A US 39204399A US 2001045306 A1 US2001045306 A1 US 2001045306A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/265—Bi-center drill bits, i.e. an integral bit and eccentric reamer used to simultaneously drill and underream the hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to downhole tools. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a bi-center drilling bit adapted to fit within and drill through a casing shoe without damage to the surrounding casing.
- Bi-center bits are adapted for insertion down a wellbore having a given diameter where, once in position, the rotation of the bi-center bit creates a borehole having a selectedly greater diameter than the borehole.
- the bit is designed to rotate about a rototial axis which generally corresponds to the rotational axis defined by the drill string.
- Such conventional designs are further provided with cutting elements positioned about the face of the tool to reveal a low backrake angle so as to provide maximum cutting efficiency.
- the present invention addresses the above and other disadvantages of prior bi-center drilling bits by allowing selective modification of the use of the tool within the borehole.
- the present invention includes a drill bit body which defines a pilot section, a reamer section and a geometric axis.
- the pilot section defines a typical cutting surface about which is disposed a plurality of cutting elements. These elements are situated about the cutting face to generally define a second rototional axis separate from the rotational axis defined by the drill string as a whole. This second or pass-through axis is formed by the rotation of the bit about the pass-through diameter.
- the pilot section may define a smaller diametrical cross-section so as to further prevent the possibility of damage to the borehole and/or casing when the bit is rotated about the pass-through axis.
- a gauge pad may also be situated on the drill bit body opposite the reamer.
- cutters emphasizing a high back rake angle are employed on the peripheral cutting blades of the tool.
- the present invention presents a number of advantages over prior art bi-center bits.
- One such advantage is the ability of the bi-center bit to operate within a borehole or casing approximating its pass-through diameter without damaging the borehole or casing. In the instance of use in casing, the casing shoe may thus be drilled through.
- a second advantage is the ability of the same tool to be used as a conventional bi-center bit to create a borehole having a diameter greater than its pass-through diameter. In such a fashion, considerable cost savings may be observed since only one tool need be used where this tool need not be retrieved to the surface to modify its character of use.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional bi-center drill bit
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the working face of the bi-center drill bit illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3 A-C are end views of a bi-center bit as positioned in a borehole illustrating the pilot bit diameter, the drill hole diameter and pass through diameter, respectively;
- FIGS. 4 A-B illustrate a conventional side view of a bi-center bit as it may be situated in casing and in operation, respectively;
- FIG. 5 is an end view of a conventional bi-center bit
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cutting structure brazed in place within a pocket milled into a rib of a conventional bi-center drill bit
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic outline view of an exemplary bi-center bit of the prior art
- FIG. 8 illustrates a revolved section of a conventional pilot section cutter coverage as drawn about the geometric axis
- FIG. 9 illustrates a revolved section of a conventional pilot section cutter coverage as drawn about the pass-through axis
- FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the bi-center bit of the present invention
- FIG. 11 illustrates an end view of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 illustrates a revolved section of the pilot section of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10, as drawn through the pass-through axis;
- FIG. 13 illustrates a revolved section of the pilot section of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10, as drawn through the geometric axis;
- FIG. 14 illustrates a graphic profile of the cutters positioned on the reamer section of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view of the orientation of cutters in one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 - 9 generally illustrate a conventional bi-center bit and its method of operating in the borehole.
- bit body 2 manufactured from steel or other hard metal, includes a threaded pin 4 at one end for connection in the drill string, and a pilot bit 3 defining an operating end face 6 at its opposite end.
- a reamer section 5 is integrally formed with the body 2 between the pin 4 and the pilot bit 3 and defines a second operating end face 7 , as illustrated.
- operating end face includes not only the axial end or axially facing portion shown in FIG. 2, but also contiguous areas extending up along the lower sides of the bit 1 and reamer 5 .
- bit 3 The operating end face 6 of bit 3 is transversed by a number of upsets in the form of ribs or blades 8 radiating from the lower central area of the bit 3 and extending across the underside and up along the lower side surfaces of said bit 3 .
- Ribs 8 carry cutting members 10 , as more fully described below.
- bit 3 defines a gauge or stabilizer section, including stabilizer ribs or gauge pads 12 , each of which is continuous with a respective one of the cutter carrying rib 8 .
- Ribs 8 contact the walls of the borehole that has been drilled by operating end face 6 to centralize and stabilize the tool 1 and to help control its vibration. (See FIG. 4).
- the pass-through diameter of the bi-center is defined by the three points where the cutting blades are at gauge. These three points are illustrated at FIG. 2 are designated “x,” “y” and “z.”
- Reamer section 5 includes two or more blades 11 which are eccentrically positioned above the pilot bit 3 in a manner best illustrated in FIG. 2. Blades 11 also carry cutting elements 10 as described below. Blades 11 radiate from the tool axis but are only positioned about a selected portion or quadrant of the tool when viewed in end cross section.
- the tool 1 may be tripped into a hole having a diameter marginally greater than the maximum diameter drawn through the reamer section 5 , yet be able to cut a drill hole of substantially greater diameter than the pass-through diameter when the tool 1 is rotated about the geometric or rotational axis “A.”
- the axis defined by the pass-through diameter is identified at “B.” (See FIGS. 4 A-B.)
- cutting elements 10 are positioned about the operating end face 7 of the reamer section 5 .
- reamer section 5 defines a gauge or stabilizer section, including stabilizer ribs or kickers 17 , each of which is continuous with a respective one of the cutter carrying rib 11 .
- Ribs 11 contact the walls of the borehole that has been drilled by operating end face 7 to further centralize and stabilize the tool 1 and to help control its vibration.
- a shank 14 having wrench flats 15 that may be engaged to make up and break out the tool 1 from the drill string (not illustrated).
- the underside of the bit body 2 has a number of circulation ports or nozzles 15 located near its centerline. Nozzles 15 communicate with the inset areas between ribs 8 and 11 , which areas serve as fluid flow spaces in use.
- each of the ribs 8 and 11 has a leading edge surface 8 A and 11 A and a trailing edge surface 8 B and 11 B, respectively.
- each of the cutting members 10 is preferably comprised of a mounting body 20 comprised of sintered tungsten carbide or some other suitable material, and a layer 22 of polycrystalline diamond carried on the leading face of stud 38 and defining the cutting face 30 A of the cutting member.
- the cutting members 10 are mounted in the respective ribs 8 and 11 so that their cutting faces are exposed through the leading edge surfaces 8 A and 11 , respectively.
- cutting members 10 are mounted so as to position the cutter face 30 A at an aggressive, low angle, e.g., 15-20° backrake, with respect to the formation. This is especially true of the cutting members 10 positioned at the leading edges of bit body 2 .
- Ribs 8 and 11 are themselves preferably comprised of steel or some other hard metal.
- the tungsten carbide cutter body 38 is preferably brazed into a pocket 32 and includes within the pocket the excess braze material 29 .
- the conventional bi-center bit normally includes a pilot section 3 which defines an outside diameter at least equal to the diameter of bit body 2 .
- cutters on pilot section 3 may cut to gauge.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the cutter coverage for the pilot bit illustrated in FIGS. 1 - 2 .
- the revolved section identifies moderate to extreme coverage overlap of the cutters, with the maximum overlap occurring at the crown or bottommost extent of pilot section 3 when said pilot section 3 is rotated about geometric axis “A.”
- the cutter coverage illustrated in FIG. 8 should be compared with the absence of cutter coverage occurring when pilot section 3 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.” (See FIG. 9.)
- the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 9 would be inefficient if used in hard or resilient formations such as a casing shoe.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of a preferred embodiment of the bi-center bit of the present invention.
- the bit 100 comprises a bit body 102 which includes a threaded pin at one end 104 for connection to a drill string and a pilot bit 103 defining an operating end face 106 at its opposite end.
- end face 106 defines a flattened profile.
- a reamer section 105 is integrally formed with body 102 between the pin 104 and pilot bit 103 and defines a second operating end face 107 .
- the operating end face 106 of pilot 103 is traversed by a number of upsets in the form of ribs and blades 108 radiating from the central area of bit 103 .
- ribs 108 carry a plurality of cutting members 110 .
- the reamer section 105 is also provided with a number of blades or upsets 152 , which upsets are also provided with a plurality of cutting elements 110 which themselves define cutting faces 130 A.
- pilot section 103 defining a smaller cross-section of diameter than the conventional embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 - 8 .
- the use of a lesser diameter for pilot section 103 serves to minimize the opportunity for damage to the borehole or casing when the tool 100 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.”
- cutters 110 which extend to gauge generally include a low backrake angle for maximum efficiency in cutting. (See FIG. 11.)
- cutters 110 at the pass-through gauge and positioned on the leading and trailing blades 118 define a backrake angle of between 30-90 degrees with the formation.
- a preferred backrake angle for soft to medium formations is 55 degrees.
- the orientation of cutting elements 100 to define such high backrake angles further reduces the potential for damage to casing 136 when the tool 110 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.”
- bit 100 may be provided with a stabilizer pad 160 opposite reamer section 105 .
- Pad 160 may be secured to bit body 102 in a conventional fashion, e.g., welding, or may be formed integrally.
- Pad 160 serves to define the outer diametrical extent of tool 100 opposite pilot 103 . (See FIG. 10.) It is desirable that the uppermost extent 161 of pad 160 not extend beyond the top of cutters 121 on reamer blades 152 .
- edges 118 include cutting elements having a high backrake angle not suited to cut casing 136 .
- pad 160 is not adapted to cut casing 136 .
- the cutters disposed elsewhere about operating face 107 incorporate a backrake angle of 15°-30° and thus are able to cut through the casing shoe.
- bi-center bit of the present invention may be constructed as follows.
- a cutter profile is established for the pilot bit.
- Such a profile is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 8 as drawn through the geometrical axis of the tool.
- the pass-through axis is then determined from the size and shape of the tool.
- a cutter profile of the tool is made about the pass-through axis. This profile will identify any necessary movement of cutters 110 to cover any open, uncovered regions on the cutter profile.
- These cutters 1 10 may be situated along the primary upset 131 or upsets 132 radially disposed about geometric axis “A.”
- cutters 110 must be oriented in a fashion to optimize their use when tool 100 is rotated about both the pass-through axis “B” and geometric axis “A.”
- cutters 110 positioned for use in a conventional bi-center bit will be oriented with their cutting surfaces oriented toward the surface to the cut, e.g., the formation.
- cutters 110 so oriented on the primary upset 131 in the area 140 between axes “A” and “B” will actually be oriented 180° to the direction of cut when tool 100 is rotated about pass-through axis “B.”
- Cutters 110 disposed along primary upset 131 outside of region 140 in region 141 are oriented such that their cutting faces 130 A are brought into at least partial contact with the formation regardless when rotated about axis “A.” Cutters 110 oppositely disposed about primary upset 131 in region 142 are oriented in a conventional fashion. (See FIG. 15.)
- Cutters 110 not situated on primary upset 131 oriented are disposed on radial upsets 132 . These cutters 110 , while their positioning may be dictated by the necessity for cutter coverage when tool 100 is rotated about axes “A” and “B,” as described above, are oriented on their respective upsets 132 or are skewed to such an angle such that at least twenty percent of the active cutter face 130 engages the formation when the bi-center bit is rotated about axis “A.” Restated as a function of direction of cut, the skew angle of cutters 110 is from 0°-80°.
Abstract
Description
- This application depends from and incorporates the subject matter of provisional application Ser. No. 06/118,518 as filed on Feb. 3, 1999.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention is directed to downhole tools. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a bi-center drilling bit adapted to fit within and drill through a casing shoe without damage to the surrounding casing.
- 2. Background
- Bi-center bits are adapted for insertion down a wellbore having a given diameter where, once in position, the rotation of the bi-center bit creates a borehole having a selectedly greater diameter than the borehole.
- In conventional bi-center bits, the bit is designed to rotate about a rototial axis which generally corresponds to the rotational axis defined by the drill string. Such conventional designs are further provided with cutting elements positioned about the face of the tool to reveal a low backrake angle so as to provide maximum cutting efficiency.
- Disadvantages of such conventional bi-center bits lie in their inability to operate as a cutting tool within their pass-through diameter while still retaining the ability to function as a traditional bi-center bit. In such a fashion, a conventional bi-center bit which is operated within casing of its pass-through diameter will substantially damage, if not destroy the casing.
- The present invention addresses the above and other disadvantages of prior bi-center drilling bits by allowing selective modification of the use of the tool within the borehole.
- In one embodiment, the present invention includes a drill bit body which defines a pilot section, a reamer section and a geometric axis. The pilot section defines a typical cutting surface about which is disposed a plurality of cutting elements. These elements are situated about the cutting face to generally define a second rototional axis separate from the rotational axis defined by the drill string as a whole. This second or pass-through axis is formed by the rotation of the bit about the pass-through diameter.
- In one embodiment, the pilot section may define a smaller diametrical cross-section so as to further prevent the possibility of damage to the borehole and/or casing when the bit is rotated about the pass-through axis. To further accomplish this goal, a gauge pad may also be situated on the drill bit body opposite the reamer. In yet other embodiments, cutters emphasizing a high back rake angle are employed on the peripheral cutting blades of the tool.
- The present invention presents a number of advantages over prior art bi-center bits. One such advantage is the ability of the bi-center bit to operate within a borehole or casing approximating its pass-through diameter without damaging the borehole or casing. In the instance of use in casing, the casing shoe may thus be drilled through.
- A second advantage is the ability of the same tool to be used as a conventional bi-center bit to create a borehole having a diameter greater than its pass-through diameter. In such a fashion, considerable cost savings may be observed since only one tool need be used where this tool need not be retrieved to the surface to modify its character of use.
- Other advantages of the invention will become obvious to those skilled in the art in light of the figures and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional bi-center drill bit;
- FIG. 2 is an end view of the working face of the bi-center drill bit illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIGS.3A-C are end views of a bi-center bit as positioned in a borehole illustrating the pilot bit diameter, the drill hole diameter and pass through diameter, respectively;
- FIGS.4A-B illustrate a conventional side view of a bi-center bit as it may be situated in casing and in operation, respectively;
- FIG. 5 is an end view of a conventional bi-center bit;
- FIG. 6 illustrates a cutting structure brazed in place within a pocket milled into a rib of a conventional bi-center drill bit;
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic outline view of an exemplary bi-center bit of the prior art;
- FIG. 8 illustrates a revolved section of a conventional pilot section cutter coverage as drawn about the geometric axis;
- FIG. 9 illustrates a revolved section of a conventional pilot section cutter coverage as drawn about the pass-through axis;
- FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of the bi-center bit of the present invention;
- FIG. 11 illustrates an end view of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 illustrates a revolved section of the pilot section of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10, as drawn through the pass-through axis;
- FIG. 13 illustrates a revolved section of the pilot section of the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 10, as drawn through the geometric axis;
- FIG. 14 illustrates a graphic profile of the cutters positioned on the reamer section of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view of the orientation of cutters in one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- While the present invention will be described in connection with presently preferred embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents included within the spirit of the invention and as defined in the appended claims.
- FIGS.1-9 generally illustrate a conventional bi-center bit and its method of operating in the borehole.
- By reference to these figures,
bit body 2, manufactured from steel or other hard metal, includes a threadedpin 4 at one end for connection in the drill string, and apilot bit 3 defining anoperating end face 6 at its opposite end. Areamer section 5 is integrally formed with thebody 2 between thepin 4 and thepilot bit 3 and defines a second operatingend face 7, as illustrated. The term “operating end face” as used herein includes not only the axial end or axially facing portion shown in FIG. 2, but also contiguous areas extending up along the lower sides of thebit 1 and reamer 5. - The
operating end face 6 ofbit 3 is transversed by a number of upsets in the form of ribs orblades 8 radiating from the lower central area of thebit 3 and extending across the underside and up along the lower side surfaces of saidbit 3.Ribs 8 carrycutting members 10, as more fully described below. Just above the upper ends ofrib 8,bit 3 defines a gauge or stabilizer section, including stabilizer ribs orgauge pads 12, each of which is continuous with a respective one of thecutter carrying rib 8.Ribs 8 contact the walls of the borehole that has been drilled by operatingend face 6 to centralize and stabilize thetool 1 and to help control its vibration. (See FIG. 4). - The pass-through diameter of the bi-center is defined by the three points where the cutting blades are at gauge. These three points are illustrated at FIG. 2 are designated “x,” “y” and “z.”
Reamer section 5 includes two ormore blades 11 which are eccentrically positioned above thepilot bit 3 in a manner best illustrated in FIG. 2.Blades 11 also carrycutting elements 10 as described below.Blades 11 radiate from the tool axis but are only positioned about a selected portion or quadrant of the tool when viewed in end cross section. In such a fashion, thetool 1 may be tripped into a hole having a diameter marginally greater than the maximum diameter drawn through thereamer section 5, yet be able to cut a drill hole of substantially greater diameter than the pass-through diameter when thetool 1 is rotated about the geometric or rotational axis “A.” The axis defined by the pass-through diameter is identified at “B.” (See FIGS. 4A-B.) - In the conventional embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, cutting
elements 10 are positioned about the operatingend face 7 of thereamer section 5. Just above the upper ends ofrib 11,reamer section 5 defines a gauge or stabilizer section, including stabilizer ribs orkickers 17, each of which is continuous with a respective one of thecutter carrying rib 11.Ribs 11 contact the walls of the borehole that has been drilled by operatingend face 7 to further centralize and stabilize thetool 1 and to help control its vibration. - Intermediate stabilizer section defined by
ribs 11 andpin 4 is ashank 14 havingwrench flats 15 that may be engaged to make up and break out thetool 1 from the drill string (not illustrated). By reference again to FIG. 2, the underside of thebit body 2 has a number of circulation ports ornozzles 15 located near its centerline.Nozzles 15 communicate with the inset areas betweenribs - With reference now to FIGS. 1 and 2,
bit body 2 is intended to be rotated in the clockwise direction, when viewed downwardly, about axis “A.” Thus, each of theribs leading edge surface 8A and 11A and a trailing edge surface 8B and 11B, respectively. As shown in FIG. 6, each of the cuttingmembers 10 is preferably comprised of a mounting body 20 comprised of sintered tungsten carbide or some other suitable material, and alayer 22 of polycrystalline diamond carried on the leading face ofstud 38 and defining the cuttingface 30A of the cutting member. The cuttingmembers 10 are mounted in therespective ribs leading edge surfaces - In the conventional bi-center bit illustrated in FIGS.1-9, cutting
members 10 are mounted so as to position thecutter face 30A at an aggressive, low angle, e.g., 15-20° backrake, with respect to the formation. This is especially true of the cuttingmembers 10 positioned at the leading edges ofbit body 2.Ribs carbide cutter body 38 is preferably brazed into a pocket 32 and includes within the pocket theexcess braze material 29. - As illustrated in profile in FIG. 7, the conventional bi-center bit normally includes a
pilot section 3 which defines an outside diameter at least equal to the diameter ofbit body 2. In such a fashion, cutters onpilot section 3 may cut to gauge. - The cutter coverage of a conventional bi-center bit may be viewed by reference to a section rotated about a given axis. FIG. 8 illustrates the cutter coverage for the pilot bit illustrated in FIGS.1-2. The revolved section identifies moderate to extreme coverage overlap of the cutters, with the maximum overlap occurring at the crown or bottommost extent of
pilot section 3 when saidpilot section 3 is rotated about geometric axis “A.” The cutter coverage illustrated in FIG. 8 should be compared with the absence of cutter coverage occurring whenpilot section 3 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.” (See FIG. 9.) Clearly, the bi-center bit illustrated in FIG. 9 would be inefficient if used in hard or resilient formations such as a casing shoe. - When a conventional bi-center bit is rotated about its rotational axis “A,” the bit performs in the manner earlier described to create a borehole having a diameter larger than its pass-through diameter. (See FIGS.4A-4B.) This result is not desirable when the bit is used in casing to drill through a casing shoe since, while the shoe might be removed, the casing above the shoe would also be damaged. Consequently, it has become accepted practice to drill through a casing shoe using a conventional drill bit which is thereafter retrieved to the surface. A bi-center bit is then run below the casing to enlarge the borehole. However, the aforedescribed procedure is costly, especially in deep wells when many thousand feet of drill pipe may need be tripped out of the well to replace the conventional drilling bit with the bi-center bit. The bi-center bit of the present invention addresses this issue.
- One embodiment of the bi-center bit of the present invention may be seen by reference to FIGS.10-15. FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of a preferred embodiment of the bi-center bit of the present invention. By reference to the figures, the
bit 100 comprises abit body 102 which includes a threaded pin at one end 104 for connection to a drill string and apilot bit 103 defining an operating end face 106 at its opposite end. For reasons discussed below, end face 106 defines a flattened profile. A reamer section 105 is integrally formed withbody 102 between the pin 104 andpilot bit 103 and defines a secondoperating end face 107. - The operating end face106 of
pilot 103 is traversed by a number of upsets in the form of ribs andblades 108 radiating from the central area ofbit 103. As in the conventional embodiment,ribs 108 carry a plurality of cuttingmembers 110. The reamer section 105 is also provided with a number of blades or upsets 152, which upsets are also provided with a plurality of cuttingelements 110 which themselves define cutting faces 130A. - The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 10 is provided with a
pilot section 103 defining a smaller cross-section of diameter than the conventional embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1-8. The use of a lesser diameter forpilot section 103 serves to minimize the opportunity for damage to the borehole or casing when thetool 100 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.” - In a conventional bit,
cutters 110 which extend to gauge generally include a low backrake angle for maximum efficiency in cutting. (See FIG. 11.) In the bi-center bit of the present invention, it is desirable to utilize cutting elements which define a less aggressive cutter posture where they extend to gauge when rotating about the pass-through axis. In this connection, it is desirable thatcutters 110 at the pass-through gauge and positioned on the leading and trailingblades 118 define a backrake angle of between 30-90 degrees with the formation. Applicant has discovered that a preferred backrake angle for soft to medium formations is 55 degrees. The orientation of cuttingelements 100 to define such high backrake angles further reduces the potential for damage tocasing 136 when thetool 110 is rotated about the pass-through axis “B.” - In a preferred embodiment,
bit 100 may be provided with astabilizer pad 160 opposite reamer section 105.Pad 160 may be secured tobit body 102 in a conventional fashion, e.g., welding, or may be formed integrally.Pad 160 serves to define the outer diametrical extent oftool 100opposite pilot 103. (See FIG. 10.) It is desirable that the uppermost extent 161 ofpad 160 not extend beyond the top of cutters 121 onreamer blades 152. - When rotated in the casing, the
tool 100 is compelled to rotate about pass-through axis “B” due to the physical constraints ofcasing 136. Casing 136 is not cut since contact withtool 100 is about the three points defined by leadingedges 118 andstabilizer pad 160. As set forth above, edges 118 include cutting elements having a high backrake angle not suited to cutcasing 136. Likewise,pad 160 is not adapted to cutcasing 136. The cutters disposed elsewhere about operatingface 107 incorporate a backrake angle of 15°-30° and thus are able to cut through the casing shoe. When the casing shoe has been cut, thetool 100 is able to rotate free of the physical restraints imposed bycasing 136. In such an environment, the tool reverts to rotation about axis “A”. - The method by which the bi-center bit of the present invention may be constructed may be described as follows. In an exemplary bi-center bit, a cutter profile is established for the pilot bit. Such a profile is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 8 as drawn through the geometrical axis of the tool. The pass-through axis is then determined from the size and shape of the tool.
- Once the pass-through diameter is determined, a cutter profile of the tool is made about the pass-through axis. This profile will identify any necessary movement of
cutters 110 to cover any open, uncovered regions on the cutter profile. Thesecutters 1 10 may be situated along theprimary upset 131 or upsets 132 radially disposed about geometric axis “A.” - Once positioning of the
cutters 110 has been determined, the position of the upsets themselves must be established. In the example where it has been determined that acutter 110 must be positioned at a selected distance r1, from pass-through axis “B,” an arc 49 is drawn through r1 in the manner illustrated in FIG. 15. The intersection of this arc 49 and a line drawn through axis “A” determines the possible positions ofcutter 110 on radially disposed upsets 151. - To create a workable cutter profile for a bi-center bit which includes a highly tapered or contoured bit face introduces complexity into the placement of said
cutters 110 since issues of both placement and cutter height must be addressed. As a result, it has been found preferable to utilize a bit face which is substantially flattened in cross section. (See FIG. 10.) - Once positioning of the upsets has been determined, the
cutters 110 must be oriented in a fashion to optimize their use whentool 100 is rotated about both the pass-through axis “B” and geometric axis “A.” By reference to FIGS. 11 and 15,cutters 110 positioned for use in a conventional bi-center bit will be oriented with their cutting surfaces oriented toward the surface to the cut, e.g., the formation. In a conventional bi-center bit, however,cutters 110 so oriented on theprimary upset 131 in thearea 140 between axes “A” and “B” will actually be oriented 180° to the direction of cut whentool 100 is rotated about pass-through axis “B.” To address this issue, it is preferable that at least most ofcutters 110 situated onprimary upset 131 aboutarea 140 be oppositely oriented such that their cutting faces 130A are brought into contact with the formation or the casing shoe, as the case may be, whentool 100 is rotated about axis “B.” This opposite orientation ofcutter 110 is in deference to the resilient compounds often comprising the casing shoe. -
Cutters 110 disposed alongprimary upset 131 outside ofregion 140 inregion 141 are oriented such that their cutting faces 130A are brought into at least partial contact with the formation regardless when rotated about axis “A.”Cutters 110 oppositely disposed aboutprimary upset 131 inregion 142 are oriented in a conventional fashion. (See FIG. 15.) -
Cutters 110 not situated on primary upset 131 oriented are disposed on radial upsets 132. Thesecutters 110, while their positioning may be dictated by the necessity for cutter coverage whentool 100 is rotated about axes “A” and “B,” as described above, are oriented on theirrespective upsets 132 or are skewed to such an angle such that at least twenty percent of the active cutter face 130 engages the formation when the bi-center bit is rotated about axis “A.” Restated as a function of direction of cut, the skew angle ofcutters 110 is from 0°-80°.
Claims (51)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/392,043 US6340064B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 1999-09-08 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
CA002304966A CA2304966C (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-04-10 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
EP00116020A EP1091083B9 (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-07-26 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
DE60023238T DE60023238T2 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2000-07-26 | Bi-central drill for drilling through casing shoe |
NO20004441A NO20004441L (en) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-09-06 | Bi-center drill bit adapted to guide shoes |
US09/969,444 US6629476B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11851899P | 1999-02-03 | 1999-02-03 | |
US09/392,043 US6340064B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 1999-09-08 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
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US09/969,444 Division US6629476B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
Publications (2)
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US20010045306A1 true US20010045306A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
US6340064B2 US6340064B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/392,043 Expired - Lifetime US6340064B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 1999-09-08 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
US09/969,444 Expired - Lifetime US6629476B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/969,444 Expired - Lifetime US6629476B2 (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2001-10-02 | Bi-center bit adapted to drill casing shoe |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6340064B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1091083B9 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2304966C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60023238T2 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20004441L (en) |
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-
1999
- 1999-09-08 US US09/392,043 patent/US6340064B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-04-10 CA CA002304966A patent/CA2304966C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-26 DE DE60023238T patent/DE60023238T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-26 EP EP00116020A patent/EP1091083B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-06 NO NO20004441A patent/NO20004441L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2001
- 2001-10-02 US US09/969,444 patent/US6629476B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20120255786A1 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-11 | Isenhour James D | Method and Apparatus for Reaming Well Bore Surfaces Nearer the Center of Drift |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO20004441D0 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
NO20004441L (en) | 2001-03-09 |
US6340064B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 |
CA2304966A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
DE60023238T2 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
DE60023238D1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
CA2304966C (en) | 2005-04-05 |
EP1091083B9 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
US20020092378A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
EP1091083B1 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
EP1091083A1 (en) | 2001-04-11 |
US6629476B2 (en) | 2003-10-07 |
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