US20010021074A1

US20010021074A1 - Optical filter holder assembly

Info

Publication number: US20010021074A1
Application number: US09/118,141
Authority: US
Inventors: Samuel A. Marquiss; Calvin D. Wong; Glenn R. Edwards; Michael T. Taylor; Phil A. Garnieri; Douglas N. Modlin; Amer El-Hage
Original assignee: LJL Biosystems Inc
Current assignee: Molecular Devices LLC
Priority date: 1997-07-16
Filing date: 1998-07-16
Publication date: 2001-09-13
Anticipated expiration: 2018-07-16
Also published as: WO1999004228A3; US6187267B1; US6499366B1; US6159425A; US20010007640A1; US6313960B2; EP1012579A2; IL134069A0; WO1999004228A9; WO1999004228A2; JP2002509235A; US6033100A; US6025985A; US6071748A

Abstract

Devices for using optical filters in a filter holder that enable optical filters to be simply, conveniently, and flexibly interchanged.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of the following patent applications, each of which is incorporated herein by reference: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/062,472, filed Apr. 17, 1998; and PCT Patent Application Ser. No. ______, filed Jul. 15, 1998, titled LIGHT DETECTION DEVICE, and naming William B. Burton, Kimberly L. Crawford, Sudhir S. Deshpande, Glenn R. Edwards, Amer El-Hage, Todd E. French, Vladimir Lemberg, Joseph S. Leytes, Samuel a. Marquiss, John W. Meadows, Irina Mineyev, Douglas N. Modlin, John C. Owicki, Jon F. Peterson, Derrick A. Richardson, Rick V. Stellnacher, and Michael T. Taylor as inventors. [0001]
This application is based upon and claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of the following U.S. Provisional Patent Applications, each of which is incorporated herein by reference: Ser. No. 60/052,876, filed Jul. 16, 1997; Ser. No. 60/059,639, filed Sep. 20, 1997; Ser. No. 60/063,811, filed Oct. 31, 1997; Ser. No. 60/072,499, filed Jan. 26, 1998; Ser. No. 60/072,780, filed Jan. 27, 1998; Ser. No. 60/075,414, filed Feb. 20, 1998; Ser. No. 60/075,806, filed Feb. 24, 1998; Ser. No. 60/082,253, filed Apr. 17, 1998; Ser. No. 60/084,167, filed May 4, 1998; Ser. No. 60/085,335, filed May 13, 1998; Ser. No. 60/085,500, filed May 14, 1998; and Ser. No. 60,089,848, filed Jun. 19, 1998. [0002]
This application incorporates by reference the following U.S. Patent Applications: Ser. No. ______, filed Jul. 16, 1998, titled MOVEABLE CONTROL UNIT, and naming Lev J. Leytes, William G. Burton, Yong Paik, Glenn R. Edwards, Douglas N. Modlin, and Amer-El Hage; and Ser. No. ______, filed Jul. 16, 1998, titled FLOATING HEAD ASSEMBLY, and naming Samuel A. Marquiss, Glenn R. Edwards, and Douglas N. Modlin as inventors.[0003]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to optical filters. More particularly, the invention relates to devices for using optical filters in a filter holder that enable optical filters to be simply, conveniently, and flexibly interchanged.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Optical systems typically include many components, which interact to generate, transmit, modify, and detect light. Light may be generated by light sources, transmitted by optical relay structures, and detected by detectors. Light may be modified by optical filters positioned in an optical path in one or both of the light source and detector ends of the instrument.

Optical filters modify the intensity, spectrum, polarization, and other properties of light. “Intensity filters” modify the intensity of light, where intensity is the amount of light per unit area per unit time. Intensity filters may absorb light, dissipating the absorbed energy as heat, or they may reflect or scatter light. “Spectral filters” modify the spectrum of light, where spectrum is the wavelength composition of light. Spectral filters may selectively transmit light of preselected wavelengths and selectively absorb, reflect, or scatter light of other wavelengths. A spectral filter may convert light of many colors into light of one or only a few colors. “Polarization filters” modify the polarization of light, where polarization is the direction of the electric field associated with light.

Different applications or conditions may require different optical filters. For this reason, filter holders have been developed that allow one of a plurality of optical filters to be selected and placed in an optical path. Examples include filter wheels and filter slides. Unfortunately, these filter holders have a number of shortcomings. In particular, the number of optical filters required even for a single application often exceeds the filter-holding capacity of a given filter holder. Therefore, it sometimes is necessary to replace the optical filters within a given filter holder.

Replacing optical filters may be difficult and time-consuming. If individual optical filters are affixed permanently to the filter holder, the entire filter holder may need to be replaced. If individual optical filters are affixed to removable filter cartridges within the filter holder, the filter holder still must be opened, individual filter cartridges removed and replaced, and the filter holder closed again. In known filter holders, filter cartridges must be replaced with the filter holder attached to an associated instrument. Working space may be minimal, and filter cartridges and other components may be dropped into the instrument, where they may cause damage and be difficult to retrieve.

Replacing optical filters within filter cartridges also may be difficult and time-consuming. Many or most optical filters are permanently affixed to any associated filter cartridge, and may not be replaced at all. Other optical filters may be removably affixed to an associated filter cartridge, but replaceable only with a limited selection or number of filters. Filter cartridges with removable optical filters may employ a retaining ring that fits into a groove on the inside of the filter cartridge to hold the optical filter. The groove establishes a predetermined position for the retaining ring, and may limit the thickness or number of replacement filters. Optical filters that are thicker than the provided space will not fit, and optical filters that are thinner than the provided space may require spacers. Filter cartridges with removable optical filters also may employ a threaded retention member that can be screwed into the filter cartridge until a point where it holds the optical filter. This approach may require extra tools and be time-consuming. This approach also may force the retaining ring into a plane that is slightly skewed relative to the filter, misaligning the optical filter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention addresses these and other shortcomings by providing filter cartridges and filter holders that enable optical filters to be simply, conveniently, and flexibly interchanged.

In one embodiment, the invention provides a device for holding an optical filter that includes a filter barrel having an inner wall and a stop structure, a removable annular friction member inside the filter barrel, and at least one optical filter sandwiched between the stop structure and the friction member. In this embodiment, the friction member is held in place relative to the inner wall by static friction, without any thread, groove, or adhesive. The filter barrel and friction member may take a variety of forms and may hold optical filters of various sizes and numbers. The friction member may hold the optical filter snugly in place during routine use, while also permitting easy removal when replacing optical filters.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a tool device for loading an optical filter into a holder. The device includes a funnel structure having a top end and a lower edge configured to rest on top of a filter holder. The funnel structure includes an inner diameter that enlarges gradually in a direction from the lower edge toward the top end. The device also may include a slug for applying pressure to a friction member when loading the optical filter.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides an optical filter holder system that includes a holder having a plurality of apertures, and two sets of filter cartridges configured to fit in the apertures. The first set of filter cartridges includes an optical filter permanently fixed in the filter cartridge. The second set of filter cartridges includes a mechanism that permits easy replacement of different optical filters in the same filter cartridge. The filter holder may include a filter wheel, and the mechanism that permits easy replacement my include a filter barrel and friction member.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides an optical filter wheel module including an optical filter wheel that is rotatable around a hub structure, and a wheel case having a static portion and a removable portion and at least one set of windows for transmitting light through the wheel case and through a selected optical filter contained in the optical filter wheel. The hub structure is built into the removable portion of the wheel case. The wheel case may be light tight and include more that one set of windows.

In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a device for holding an optical filter comprising a base having a hub structure, and an elongate filter cartridge having a filter end and a pivot end, the filter end configured to hold at least one optical filter, the pivot end configured turnably to attach to the hub structure, so that an optical filter can be turned between two positions about the hub structure.

The invention will be understood more readily after consideration of the drawings and the detailed description of the invention that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of an optical filter wheel assembly constructed in accordance with the invention. [0017]
FIG. 2 is a partially exploded perspective view of a portion of an optical filter wheel assembly like that shown in FIG. 1, showing a mechanism by which short filter cartridges may be removed. [0018]
FIG. 3 is a partially exploded perspective view of the portion of the optical filter wheel assembly shown in FIG. 2, showing a mechanism by which tall filter cartridges may be removed. [0019]
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a mechanism by which optical filters may be placed in a tall filter cartridge. [0020]
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a mechanism by which a friction member may be pressed into place using a funnel and slug. [0021]
FIG. 6 is a top view of a short filter cartridge constructed in accordance with the invention. [0022]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the short filter cartridge, taken generally along the line [0023] 7-7 in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a top view of a short filter cartridge constructed in accordance with the invention. [0024]
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the short filter cartridge, taken generally along the line [0025] 9-9 in FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a top view of a funnel structure constructed in accordance with the invention. [0026]
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the funnel structure, taken generally along the line [0027] 11-11 in FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view of an alternative filter holder assembly constructed in accordance with the invention.[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a partially exploded perspective view of an optical [0029] filter wheel assembly 20 constructed in accordance with the present invention. Optical filter wheel assembly 20 includes a filter wheel 22 that is rotatable about a hub structure 24, and a wheel case having a static base portion 26 and a removable lid portion 28. Hub structure 24 is built into removable lid portion 28.
[0030] Filter wheel 22 holds filter cartridges 30. Filter wheel 22 is substantially circular and includes a plurality of apertures 32 disposed symmetrically about its outer perimeter 34. Apertures 32 are used for mounting filter cartridges 30 and may hold the filter cartridges via friction, threads, or other means. Filter wheel 22 may have a variety of shapes, and apertures 28 may be disposed in a variety of configurations, although a symmetric embodiment is preferred for balance and ease of rotation about hub structure 24.
Removable lid portion [0031] 28 holds filter wheel 22. Removable lid portion 28 is substantially rectangular, with an enclosed top 36 and sides 38 a-d and an open bottom 40 for receiving filter wheel 22. Opposed flanges 42 extend downward from one pair of opposed sides 38 b,d of removable lid portion 28 to support hub structure 24. Filter wheel 22 is rotatably mounted through its center on hub structure 24.
[0032] Static base portion 26 holds removable lid portion 28 and filter wheel 22. Static base portion 26 is substantially rectangular, with an enclosed bottom 44 and sides 46 a-d and an open top 48 for receiving filter wheel 22. Opposed slots 50 extend downward into one pair of opposed sides 46 b,d of static base portion 26 to receive opposed flanges 42. Opposed posts 52 extend upward from the other pair of opposed sides 46 a,c of static base portion 26 to be received by opposed holes 54 in opposed sides 38 a,c of removable lid portion 28. Flanges 42 and slots 50, and posts 52 and holes 54, individually and collectively form a post-to-hole mating structure that aligns static base portion 26 and removable lid portion 28 when the two portions are mated together to form the wheel case. Captive screws 56 situated in holes 54 and accessible from top 36 may be threaded into posts 52 to hold together removable lid portion 28 and static base portion 26. Static base portion 26 further may be fixed to an instrument platform to form a portion of a light source module, detector module, or other optical assembly, among other applications.
The assembled wheel case is substantially light-tight, except for light that is transmitted through two sets of [0033] opposed windows 58 included in static base portion 26. Windows 58 are used for transmitting light through the wheel case and through a selected optical filter contained in a filter cartridge 30 in filter wheel 22. Windows 58 are located on opposite sides of hub structure 24, so that any given optical filter in filter wheel 22 can be rotated into alignment with either set of windows. In turn, light sources, detectors, and other optical components can be aligned with either or both sets of filters. Generally, the wheel case includes at least one set of windows, which may be located on the static portion, removable portion, or other portion of the wheel case.
[0034] Filter wheel 22 may be rotated by a drive motor 60, which is attached to removable lid portion 28 in optical filter wheel assembly 20. Drive motor 60 or other driver mechanisms also may be operatively connected to optical filter wheel assembly 20 at other points and in other manners.
FIG. 1 also shows a mechanism by which optical [0035] filter wheel assembly 20 may be disassembled and reassembled. Optical filter wheel assembly 20 is disassembled as follows. First, any associated instrument is powered down and unplugged. Second, any secondary housing enclosing optical filter wheel assembly 20 is removed. Third, drive motor 60 is unplugged at its inline connector 62. Fourth, captive screws 56 are loosened. Finally, removable lid portion 28 and filter wheel 22 are pulled out of static base portion 26.
Optical [0036] filter wheel assembly 20 may be reassembled as follows. First, filter cartridges 30 are checked to verify that they are properly seated in filter wheel 22, and filter wheel 22 is checked to verify that it rotates smoothly about hub structure 24 when moved by hand. Second, removable lid portion 28 and filter wheel 22 are inserted into static base portion 26, aligning flanges 42 with slots 50, and posts 52 with holes 54. Third, captive screws 56 are tightened. Fourth, drive motor 60 is plugged back in at inline connector 62. Fifth, any secondary housing is replaced. Finally, any associated instrument is plugged back in and powered up, if desired.
FIG. 2 shows a partially exploded perspective view of a removable portion [0037] 80 of an optical filter wheel assembly, including a filter wheel 82, removable lid portion 84, and drive motor 86. Filter wheel 82 includes a set of “short” filter cartridges 88 and a set of “tall” filter cartridges 90. Filter wheel 82 may hold a variety of filter cartridges, so long as the filter cartridges are configured to fit in apertures 92 in the filter wheel. Generally, opposed apertures in filter wheel 82 should contain matching filter cartridges or a suitable slug to balance the filter wheel and to prevent unfiltered radiation from reaching a detector.
FIG. 2 also shows a mechanism by which [0038] short filter cartridges 88 may be removed and replaced. Generally, short filter cartridges 88 include an optical filter 94 permanently affixed by suitable means, such as glue, to a short filter barrel 96 having a low profile. Optical filter 94 may include an intensity filter, a spectral filter, or a polarization filter, among others. Short filter cartridges 88 are removed from filter wheel 82 as follows. First, with the filter wheel removed as described above, the desired short filter cartridge is located by sight or by location. (Filter cartridge locations within the filter wheel may be marked on the filter wheel or elsewhere for reference.) Second, the short filter cartridge is removed by turning it counter-clockwise, which unscrews it. The short filter cartridge may be turned by hand or by a special tool, such as a spanner wrench 98 having prongs 100 that engage grooves 102 in the sides of the short filter cartridge 104. Finally, filter changes are noted on the filter wheel or elsewhere and in any associated instrument software. Short filter cartridges 88 may be replaced in filter wheel 82 by reversing the process, turning the short filter cartridge clockwise.
FIG. 3 shows a partially exploded perspective view of a [0039] removable portion 120 of an optical filter wheel assembly, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 also shows a mechanism by which tall filter cartridges 122 may be removed and replaced. Generally, tall filter cartridges 122 include an optical filter 124 affixed by a removable friction member 126 to a tall filter barrel 128. Optical filter 124 may include an intensity filter, a spectral filter, or a polarization filter, among others. Friction member 126 and tall filter barrel 128 may be substantially annular. Tall filter cartridges 122 may be removed from and replaced in filter wheel 130 much like short filter cartridges 88; however, tall filter cartridges 122 generally are turned by hand rather than by a tool.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show a perspective view of a mechanism by which optical filters may be replaced in the tall filter cartridges. First, as shown in FIG. 4, the [0040] optical filter 150 is placed in the tall filter barrel 152. Optical filter 150 should be oriented properly if one side is different than the other. Additional optical filters 150 can be placed in tall filter barrel 152, if desired. Second, as shown in FIG. 5, a funnel structure 154 is placed on top of tall filter barrel 152. Third, an annular friction member 156 is placed in funnel structure 154, followed by a slug 158. Slug 158 and optical filter 150 have approximately equivalent peripheral dimensions, including radii. Fourth, slug 158 is pushed down through funnel structure 154 to compress friction member 156, which should fit snugly against optical filter 150. Finally, slug 158 and funnel structure 154 are removed. The completed tall filter cartridge then can be installed in a filter wheel, as described above.
[0041] Optical filter 150 also may be replaced by other techniques. Generally, the tall filter cartridges incorporate a mechanism that permits easy replacement of different optical filters in the same cartridge, enhancing the flexibility of the tall cartridges.
[0042] Optical filter 150 may be removed from the tall filter cartridge as follows. First, a lint-free cloth is placed on a work surface. Second, the installed optical filter 150 (or slug 158) is pushed gently near its center with a gloved finger or thumb, which will cause the optical filter 150 and friction member 156 to drop out of tall filter barrel 152. Removed optical filter 150 should be stored so that it will not become dirty or scratched.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show detailed views of a [0043] short filter cartridge 180, which includes a short filter barrel 182 and optical filter 184. Short filter barrel 182 is substantially annular, with a threaded lower portion 186 that screws into an aperture in a filter wheel, and a graspable upper portion 188 having a knurled rim 190 that may be turned by hand. Optical filter 184 is supported by upper portion 188, and mounts adjacent a stop structure 192 and inner wall 194 on short filter barrel 182, so that it is substantially centered relative to short filter barrel 182. Stop structure 192 includes an edge 196 oriented substantially perpendicular to a principal plane of optical filter 184 and to inner wall 194.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show detailed views of a [0044] tall filter cartridge 210, which includes a tall filter barrel 212 and optical filter 214. Tall filter cartridge 210 resembles short filter cartridge 180 in many respects. Tall filter barrel 212 is substantially annular, with a threaded lower portion 216 that screws into an aperture in a filter wheel, and a graspable upper portion 218 having a knurled rim 220 that may be turned by hand. Optical filter 214 is supported by upper portion 218, and mounts adjacent a stop structure 222 and inner wall 224. Stop structure 222 includes an edge 226 oriented substantially perpendicular to a principal plane of optical filter 214 and to inner wall 224. Inner wall 224 may be substantially perpendicular to the optical filter, as here, or it may have a funnel portion that graduates in diameter in a direction toward the stop structure, among other configurations. Lower portion 186 of short filter barrel 182 is substantially identical to lower portion 216 of tall filter barrel 212. However, upper portion 188 of short filter barrel 182 is shorter than upper portion 218 of tall filter barrel 212, giving it a lower profile. In addition, optical filter 182 of short filter barrel 180 is permanently affixed to upper portion 188, whereas optical filter 212 of tall filter barrel 210 is removably sandwiched in upper portion 218 between stop structure 222 and a friction member 226. Friction member 226 holds optical filter 212 in place relative to inner wall 224 in tall filter cartridge 210 by static friction, without any thread, groove, or adhesive. For this reason, among others, optical filters of various numbers and sizes may be secured.
[0045] Friction member 226 may take a variety of forms, including a compressible ring having an uncompressed outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of inner wall 224. The compressible ring may exert a force on the inner wall that provides sufficient static friction to hold an optical filter snugly in place during routine use, while also permitting easy removal when replacing optical filters.
FIGS. 10 and 11 show detailed views of a [0046] funnel structure 240, which is used for loading an optical filter into a tall filter cartridge or other holder as described above. Funnel structure 240 is substantially annular and includes inner and outer walls 242, 244 and a top end 246 and lower edge 248. Lower edge 248 includes a groove 250 adjacent inner wall 242 configured to rest on top of a filter cartridge or other holder. The inner diameter of funnel structure 240 measured between inner walls 242 enlarges gradually in a direction from lower edge 248 to top end 246.
FIG. 12 shows a partial perspective view of an alternative [0047] filter holder assembly 270. Filter holder assembly 270 includes an elongate filter cartridge 272 and a base 274. Elongate filter cartridge 272 includes a filter end 276 and a pivot end 278. Filter end 278 is configured to hold optical filters, and includes two filter slots 280 a,b in which optical filters 281 may be glued or otherwise attached. Generally, the filter end may hold one or more optical filters, using slots, apertures, short or tall filter cartridges, or other mechanisms. Filter slots may be left open to allow light to pass unfiltered, include filters to filter light, or include slugs or other opaque structures to block light. Pivot end 278 is configured turnably to attach to a hub structure, and includes an aperture 282 for receiving a drive axle or other pivot structure. Generally, the pivot end may attach through any means to any suitable drive mechanism. Elongate filter cartridge 278 is fan shaped, filter end 276 being wider than pivot end 278, although other shapes also are possible.
[0048] Base 272 generally supports elongate filter cartridge 272. Base 272 includes a hub structure 284 and major and walls 286, 287 that substantially surround elongate filter cartridge 272 on all but one side. Elongate filter cartridge 272 is turnably attached at its pivot end 278 to hub structure 284 through a drive axle 288, about which it may turn. Base 272 also includes a window 289 in major wall 286.
[0049] Elongate filter cartridge 272 may be used for moving an optical filter in and out of an optical path, much like a filter wheel or filter slide, by turning elongate filter cartridge 272 about hub structure 284. Because elongate filter cartridge 272 may move one or a few filters in and out of an optical path by turning through a limited angle, it may be configured to require less space than a filter wheel of comparable radius. A drive mechanism 290 may be controlled or base 274 may be configured to limit the angle through which elongate filter cartridge 272 may turn. For example, in filter holder assembly 270, a position 292 on minor wall 287 forms a stop structure that physically limits movement if drive mechanism 289 attempts to turn elongate filter cartridge 272 past the wall.
Accordingly, while the invention has been disclosed in preferred forms, the specific embodiments thereof as disclosed and illustrated herein are not to be considered in a limiting sense, because numerous variations are possible and no single feature, function, or property of the preferred embodiments are essential. The invention is to be defined only by the scope of the issued claims. [0050]

Claims

We claim:

1. A device for holding an optical filter, the device comprising:

a filter barrel having an inner wall and a stop structure;

a removable annular friction member inside the filter barrel; and

at least one optical filter sandwiched between the stop structure and the friction member, wherein the friction member is held in place relative to the inner wall by static friction, without any thread, groove, or adhesive.

2. The device of

claim 1

, wherein the inner wall is substantially parallel to the optical filter.

3. The device of

claim 1

, wherein the inner wall has a funnel portion that graduates in diameter in a direction progressing away from the stop structure.

4. The device of

claim 1

, wherein the friction member is a compressible ring having an uncompressed outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the inner wall.

5. The device of

claim 4

, wherein the compressible ring exerts a force on the inner wall that provides sufficient static friction to hold the optical filter snugly in place during routine use, while also permitting easy removal when replacing optical filters.

6. The device of

claim 1

, wherein the optical filter is an intensity filter, a spectral filter, or a polarization filter.

7. A tool device for loading an optical filter into a holder, the device comprising a funnel structure having a top end and a lower edge configured to rest on top of a filter holder, wherein the funnel structure has an inner diameter that enlarges gradually in a direction from the lower edge toward the top end.

8. The device of

claim 7

, further comprising a slug for applying pressure to a friction member when loading the optical filter, wherein the slug and the optical filter have approximately equivalent peripheral dimensions.

9. An optical filter holder system, the system comprising:

a holder having a plurality of apertures; and

first and second sets of filter cartridges configured to fit in the apertures, each of the first set of filter cartridges having an optical filter permanently fixed in the filter cartridge, each of the second set of filter cartridges having a mechanism that permits easy replacement of different optical filters in the same filter cartridge.

10. The system of

claim 9

, wherein the holder includes a filter wheel.

11. The system of

claim 9

, wherein each of filter cartridges has a lower portion that is threaded to screw into any one of the apertures.

12. The system of

claim 9

, wherein the mechanism comprises:

a filter barrel having an inner wall and a stop structure; and

a removable annular friction member inside the filter barrel, wherein an optical filter can be sandwiched securely inside the filter barrel between the stop structure and the friction member, wherein the friction member is held in place relative to the inner wall by static friction, without any thread, groove, or adhesive.

13. An optical filter wheel module, the module comprising:

an optical filter wheel that is rotatable around a hub structure; and,

a wheel case having a static portion and a removable portion, and at least one set of windows for transmitting light through the wheel case and through a selected optical filter contained in the optical filter wheel, wherein the hub structure is built into the removable portion of the wheel case.

14. The module of

claim 13

, wherein the wheel case is substantially light-tight, except for light that is transmitted through the windows.

15. The module of

claim 13

, wherein the windows are in the static portion of the wheel case.

16. The module of

claim 13

, wherein the windows are in the removable portion of the wheel case.

17. The module of

claim 13

, wherein the wheel case has a second set of windows, the sets of windows being located on opposite sides of the hub structure, so that any given optical filter in the optical filter wheel can be rotated into alignment with either set of windows.

18. The module of

claim 13

, further comprising a post-to-hole mating structure that aligns the portions of the wheel case.

19. The module of

claim 13

, wherein the static portion of the wheel case is fixed to an instrument platform.

20. The module of

claim 13

, further comprising a driver mechanism configured to rotate the optical filter wheel.

21. A device for holding an optical filter, the device comprising:

a base having a hub structure; and

an elongate filter cartridge having a filter end and a pivot end, the filter end configured to hold at least one optical filter, the pivot end configured turnably to attach to the hub structure, so that an optical filter can be turned between two positions about the hub structure.

22. The device of

claim 21

, wherein the filter end is configured to hold two optical filters side by side, so that either optical filter can be aligned with a selected position about the hub structure.

23. The device of

claim 21

, wherein the base substantially surrounds the elongate filter cartridge on at least one side, the base including at least one window for transmitting light through the base and through a selected optical filter aligned with the window.

24. The device of

claim 21

, wherein the base is configured to limit the angle through which the elongate filter cartridge may turn.

25. The device of

claim 21

, wherein the elongate filter cartridge generally is fan shaped, the filter end being wider than the pivot end.

26. The device of

claim 21

, further including a driver mechanism configured to turn the elongate filter cartridge.