US20010004358A1 - Method and device for converting an STM-1 signal into a sub-STM-1 signal and vice-versa in radio transmission - Google Patents
Method and device for converting an STM-1 signal into a sub-STM-1 signal and vice-versa in radio transmission Download PDFInfo
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- US20010004358A1 US20010004358A1 US09/741,074 US74107400A US2001004358A1 US 20010004358 A1 US20010004358 A1 US 20010004358A1 US 74107400 A US74107400 A US 74107400A US 2001004358 A1 US2001004358 A1 US 2001004358A1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0421—Circuit arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1605—Fixed allocated frame structures
- H04J3/1611—Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J2203/00—Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/05 and H04J14/07
- H04J2203/0001—Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH
- H04J2203/0028—Local loop
- H04J2203/003—Medium of transmission, e.g. fibre, cable, radio
- H04J2203/0035—Radio
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of synchronous radio telecommunications.
- it concerns a method and a corresponding device which is able to transmit/convert synchronous signals with a bit rate significantly below that of an STM- 1 signal.
- a synchronous transport module is the information structure used to support connections at section layer in the SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) transmissions.
- STM comprises Payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 ⁇ s. The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network.
- STM- 1 A basic STM structure is defined at 155,520 Kbit/s and is termed STM- 1 .
- Each STM- 1 comprises a single AUG (Administrative Unit group) together with the Section Overhead.
- sub-STM- 1 signal provides one third of the capacity of an STM- 1 signal and maintains most of the benefits of the synchronous transmission.
- an interface called “Sub-STM- 1 ” is provided which allows the transport of a VC- 3 (Virtual Container- 3 ) in an AUG based upon an AU- 3 (Administrative Unit- 3 ).
- This new sub-STM- 1 interface is not a Network Node Interface (NNI) in ETSI market and thus it is necessary for the radio network element (NE) to have an STM- 1 interface and the capability to perform an STM- 1 to sub-STM- 1 signal conversion to transmit over radio channel.
- the STM- 1 signals in these instances are considered as only partially filled i.e. they carry only an “equipped” VC- 3 .
- a radio NE must carry out a series of operations among which: a demultiplexing operation with an ADM or a DEMUX; a pointer processing operation through an appropriate algorithm; a parity calculation operation; and, lastly, a new multiplexing operation to sub-STM- 1 .
- all these operations cannot be carried out in a “pure regenerator” NE and an ADM or MUX/DEMUX apparatus should be added.
- the existing solution for interconnecting an STM- 1 with a sub-STM- 1 utilizes the interconnection rules between AUGs based upon a different type of Administrative Unit AU- 4 and AU- 3 .
- This method requires that the AU- 4 is demultiplexed to the Virtual Container VC- 3 or TUG- 2 level according to the type of the payload, and remultiplexed within an AUG via VC- 3 /AU- 3 path.
- the known method is illustrated in FIGS. 1 a (interconnection of VC- 3 with C 3 payload) and 1 b (interconnection of TUG- 2 ), as in the ITU-T Recommendation G.707.
- the main object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving radio signals at 51 Mbit/s without carrying out demultiplexing operations on the STM- 1 interface signal and therefore without having to use expensive ADM or MUX/DEMUX apparatus in addition to the radio set proper.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to reduce by one third the received STM- 1 signal (only the first TUG- 3 is considered valid and is transmitted in the radio link while the second and the third TUG- 3 s are considered in an unequipped condition and therefore they are not transmitted) thus maintaining the STM- 1 structure (AUG based on AU- 4 ).
- the signal is reconstructed with the complete regeneration of the payload and the correct AU- 4 structure without incurring any parity check violation at Multiplex Section and path level.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the known solution for the interconnection of an STM- 1 with a sub-STM- 1 and in particular the interconnection of a VC- 3 with C- 3 payload;
- FIG. 1 b illustrates the known solution for the interconnection of an STM- 1 with a Sub-STM- 1 and in particular the interconnection of a TUG- 2 ;
- FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of two sub-STM- 1 terminals illustrating where the interface is positioned according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows an STM- 1 multiplex structure with three TUG- 3 s carrying a virtual container VC- 3 within an AU- 4 unit;
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the algorithm processing the frame from STM- 1 to sub-STM- 1 ;
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the frame processing algorithm from sub-STM- 1 to STM- 1 ;
- FIGS. 6 a and 6 e show some operations performed on the frame for the STM- 1 to sub-STM- 1 conversion
- FIGS. 7 a and 7 d show some operations performed on the frame for the sub-STM- 1 to STM- 1 conversion.
- a frame reduction to one third at Regeneration Section level is carried out.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to reduce by one third the received STM- 1 signal (only the first TUG- 3 is considered valid and is transmitted in the radio link while the second and third TUG- 3 s are considered in a unequipped condition and hence deemed non-significant) while maintaining the STM- 1 structure (AUG based on AU- 4 ).
- the signal is constructed with the complete payload regeneration and the correct AU- 4 structure without incurring any parity check violation.
- FIG. 2 schematically depicts two terminals of the sub-STM- 1 interface and shows where the interface is positioned in accordance with the present invention.
- NNI designates a Network Node Interface
- RST a Regeneration Section Termination
- RREI a Radio-Relay Equipment Interface (substantially the present invention)
- RPI Radio Physical Interface
- an STM- 1 signal coming into a radio network element (NE) of the SDH regenerator type is reprocessed in order to form a new sub-STM- 1 signal at a bit rate of about 51 Mbit/s.
- the incoming STM- 1 signal contains an AU- 4 structure formed by one TUG- 3 able to carry a VC- 3 (or seven TUG- 2 s, each containing three X TU- 12 ) and two TUG- 3 s with the unequipped VC- 3 s.
- the incoming STM- 1 signal is reprocessed as follows:
- the M 1 byte of the STM- 1 frame which, as it is known acts as a remote error indication in the Multiplex Section and is conventionally located at the #9.6 (ninth row, sixth column) position of the frame, is rewritten at the #9.4 position in order to maintain the information within the transmitted frame.
- the most significant advantage of the new solution is the possibility of transmitting, via conventional radio equipment, only the significant portion of an STM- 1 signal that is sub-equipped. This occurs without carrying out any multiplexing/demultiplexing or pointer processing operation but by utilizing the radio network element as a pure regenerator network element.
- H 1 H 2 H 3 01101000 00000000 00000000 (EXADEC: 68 00 00)
- H 1 H 2 H 3 01101000 00000000 00000000 (EXADEC 68 00 00)
- B 2 (#5.2) is set equal to Y ⁇ U ⁇ H 3 ⁇ H 1 (TU- 3 pointer), where “ ⁇ ” designates the exclusive OR logical operator;
- B 2 (#5.3) is set equal to Y ⁇ U ⁇ H 3 ⁇ M 1 ⁇ H 1 (TU- 3 pointer), where ⁇ designates the exclusive OR logical operator.
- the method according to the invention could be implemented by a suitable device or apparatus, in this case a network element and/or an interface comprising means able to carry out all of the steps of the method itself or, as an alternative, the method could be implemented by means of a suitable computer program, said program comprising computer program code means adapted to perform all the steps of the method when said program is run on a computer.
- the protection is intended as tacitly extended, in addition to such a program, also to a computer readable medium having such a program recorded thereon.
- the invention could advantageously be implemented by means of an ASIC.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to the field of synchronous radio telecommunications. In particular it concerns a method and a corresponding device which is able to transmit/convert synchronous signals with a bit rate significantly below that of an STM-1 signal.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- As it is known from ITU-T Recommendation G.707, a synchronous transport module (STM) is the information structure used to support connections at section layer in the SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) transmissions. Each STM comprises Payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 μs. The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network. A basic STM structure is defined at 155,520 Kbit/s and is termed STM-1. Each STM-1 comprises a single AUG (Administrative Unit group) together with the Section Overhead.
- In various network practical applications, it is not necessary to transport a complete STM-1 and often the bandwidth of the radio channels is too small to support full STM-1 transmission. Therefore, for applications based on such limited-band radio channels, a synchronous signal format with a bit rate significantly below an STM-1 signal is useful.
- Within the activity carried out by the standardization entities (ITU-R and ETSI) operating in the field of radio communication, such a signal format has been developed and the approval of ITU-T has been achieved. The signal in question, termed “sub-STM-1 signal”, provides one third of the capacity of an STM-1 signal and maintains most of the benefits of the synchronous transmission. In essence, an interface called “Sub-STM-1” is provided which allows the transport of a VC-3 (Virtual Container-3) in an AUG based upon an AU-3 (Administrative Unit-3).
- This new sub-STM-1 interface is not a Network Node Interface (NNI) in ETSI market and thus it is necessary for the radio network element (NE) to have an STM-1 interface and the capability to perform an STM-1 to sub-STM-1 signal conversion to transmit over radio channel. Naturally, the STM-1 signals in these instances are considered as only partially filled i.e. they carry only an “equipped” VC-3.
- It is therefore apparent that with this known solution a radio NE must carry out a series of operations among which: a demultiplexing operation with an ADM or a DEMUX; a pointer processing operation through an appropriate algorithm; a parity calculation operation; and, lastly, a new multiplexing operation to sub-STM-1. Clearly, all these operations cannot be carried out in a “pure regenerator” NE and an ADM or MUX/DEMUX apparatus should be added.
- In other words, the existing solution for interconnecting an STM-1 with a sub-STM-1 utilizes the interconnection rules between AUGs based upon a different type of Administrative Unit AU-4 and AU-3. This method requires that the AU-4 is demultiplexed to the Virtual Container VC-3 or TUG-2 level according to the type of the payload, and remultiplexed within an AUG via VC-3/AU-3 path. The known method is illustrated in FIGS. 1a (interconnection of VC-3 with C3 payload) and 1 b (interconnection of TUG-2), as in the ITU-T Recommendation G.707.
- In view of the state of the art illustrated above and of the related drawbacks, the main object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving radio signals at 51 Mbit/s without carrying out demultiplexing operations on the STM-1 interface signal and therefore without having to use expensive ADM or MUX/DEMUX apparatus in addition to the radio set proper.
- This and further objects are achieved by means of a method having the features set forth in the
independent claim 1 and an apparatus having the characteristics set forth in the independent claim 7. Further advantageous characteristics of the method and of the apparatus are set forth in the respective dependent claims. All the claims are however considered an integral part of the present description. - Through the arrangement according to the present invention, it is possible to transmit a sub-STM-1 and achieve the object of using a radio NE as a regenerator instead of a MUX/DEMUX. With the present invention, an operation of frame reduction by one third at regenerator section level is performed in transmission. In reception, the reverse operation of frame recomposition is carried out.
- The basic idea of the present invention is to reduce by one third the received STM-1 signal (only the first TUG-3 is considered valid and is transmitted in the radio link while the second and the third TUG-3s are considered in an unequipped condition and therefore they are not transmitted) thus maintaining the STM-1 structure (AUG based on AU-4). In reception, the signal is reconstructed with the complete regeneration of the payload and the correct AU-4 structure without incurring any parity check violation at Multiplex Section and path level.
- The invention will certainly result in being clear in view of the following detailed description, given by way of a mere non limiting example, to be read with reference to the attached drawing sheets.
- In the drawings:
- FIG. 1 illustrates the known solution for the interconnection of an STM-1 with a sub-STM-1 and in particular the interconnection of a VC-3 with C-3 payload;
- FIG. 1b illustrates the known solution for the interconnection of an STM-1 with a Sub-STM-1 and in particular the interconnection of a TUG-2;
- FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of two sub-STM-1 terminals illustrating where the interface is positioned according to the present invention;
- FIG. 3 shows an STM-1 multiplex structure with three TUG-3s carrying a virtual container VC-3 within an AU-4 unit;
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the algorithm processing the frame from STM-1 to sub-STM-1;
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of the frame processing algorithm from sub-STM-1 to STM-1;
- FIGS. 6a and 6 e show some operations performed on the frame for the STM-1 to sub-STM-1 conversion; and
- FIGS. 7a and 7 d show some operations performed on the frame for the sub-STM-1 to STM-1 conversion.
- It is a good thing to point out at this stage that, notwithstanding in the present description reference is often made to the SDH synchronous transmission for the sake of clarity, the present invention is likewise applicable to other types of synchronous transmission such as e.g. the SONET. Therefore, the reference to the SDH transmission, in this patent application, must be understood in a broad sense not restricted to its specific meaning.
- As said beforehand above, according to the present invention a frame reduction to one third at Regeneration Section level is carried out. The basic idea of the present invention is to reduce by one third the received STM-1 signal (only the first TUG-3 is considered valid and is transmitted in the radio link while the second and third TUG-3s are considered in a unequipped condition and hence deemed non-significant) while maintaining the STM-1 structure (AUG based on AU-4). In reception, the signal is constructed with the complete payload regeneration and the correct AU-4 structure without incurring any parity check violation.
- Reference is to be made first to FIG. 2 that schematically depicts two terminals of the sub-STM-1 interface and shows where the interface is positioned in accordance with the present invention. In this figure, NNI designates a Network Node Interface, RST a Regeneration Section Termination, RREI a Radio-Relay Equipment Interface (substantially the present invention) and RPI a Radio Physical Interface.
- In FIG. 2 (from STM-1 interface NNI to interface RPI side), an STM-1 signal coming into a radio network element (NE) of the SDH regenerator type, is reprocessed in order to form a new sub-STM-1 signal at a bit rate of about 51 Mbit/s. The incoming STM-1 signal contains an AU-4 structure formed by one TUG-3 able to carry a VC-3 (or seven TUG-2s, each containing three X TU-12) and two TUG-3s with the unequipped VC-3s. The incoming STM-1 signal is reprocessed as follows:
- 1. the RSOH (Regenerator Section Overhead) of STM-1 is terminated and the corresponding RSOH is generated in the new STM frame;
- 2. all the significant MSOH bytes (bytes B2, K1, K2, D4-D12, S1, M1 and E2) are recovered and retransmitted in the new STM frame without performing any Multiplex Section termination function, but paying attention to make the right compensation in order for that radio network element to seem transparent with respect to these bytes;
- 3. the Path Over Head (POH) of the VC-4 is retransmitted in a transparent way;
- 4. the TU-3 (Tributary Unit-3) pointers are rewritten for the second and third VC-3s, that are unequipped, with a valid pointer value and a pointer offset equal to zero;
- 5. the first TUG-3 (Tributary Unit Group(-3)) containing the significant information is retransmitted in a transparent way; and
- 6. the second and third TUG-3s (the unequipped ones) are discarded.
- Because of the introduction of the new TU-3 pointer values and because of the fact that some bytes (some MSOH bytes and the two unequipped TUG-3s) are discarded, the parity (BIP, Bit Interleaved Parity) checks on bytes B2 and B3 are to be compensated. A known way to carry out such compensation may advantageously be implemented through the algorithm described in the above-cited ITU-T Recommendation G.707 and in particular in the Annex C (Tandem Connection Monitoring Protocol).
- The M1 byte of the STM-1 frame which, as it is known acts as a remote error indication in the Multiplex Section and is conventionally located at the #9.6 (ninth row, sixth column) position of the frame, is rewritten at the #9.4 position in order to maintain the information within the transmitted frame. Once the above operations have been carried out, the frame can be reduced to one third of its capacity as will be clear from the detailed description of the various steps herebelow.
- Consider now the opposite side (the one at which the transmitted sub-STM radio signal is received) namely, the one from the RPI interface to the STM-1 NNI interface. The sub-STM-1 signal from a radio regenerator is interleaved with null information (all zeros) and changed to the standard format of an STM-1 signal. The alignment word is refreshed and the AU-4 pointer is rewritten. The M1 byte, whose position had been changed, is reallocated in the correct position (#9.6). The TU-3 pointers are rewritten for the second and third unequipped VC-3s with a new valid pointer value and pointer offset equal to zero.
- As will be clear now, the most significant advantage of the new solution is the possibility of transmitting, via conventional radio equipment, only the significant portion of an STM-1 signal that is sub-equipped. This occurs without carrying out any multiplexing/demultiplexing or pointer processing operation but by utilizing the radio network element as a pure regenerator network element.
- Referring now to FIG. 4 and to the various FIGS. 6a to 6 e, the STM-1 to sub-STM-1 module conversion will now be illustrated in detail. The following operations will be performed on an STM-1 standard signal.
- a) Regeneration section termination on STM-1
- b) Regeneration section generation on sub-STM-1 (FIG. 6a)
- c) Filling “all zeros” bytes in all the columns which are multiple of two and three (NX2 and NX3, N=1,2,3 . . . ) except for AUOH row and alignment word A1 and A2. For clarity, the columns in FIGS. 6a to 6 d that are not filled with zeros are blackened i.e.—darker.
- d) Filling “all zeroes” in the #9.4 (ninth row, fourth column) byte, as depicted in FIG. 6b.
- e) Through a pointer interpretation machine, performing an AU-4 pointer interpretation (to identify the position of byte B3 and the starting position of the AU-4 in order to determine the position of the TU-3 pointers).
- f) Rewriting the TU-3 pointers in the second and third unequipped VC-3s as valid pointer value pointer offset equal to zero. In the case of three VC-3 mapped structure, the TU-3 pointer values for the second and third uncharged containers in the incoming frame are fixed to the value
- H1 H2 H3= 01101000 00000000 00000000 (EXADEC: 68 00 00)
- NDF=10
- SS_bits=10
- pointer value=0 (see FIG. 6c)
- g) B3 byte correction/compensation; operation which is necessary, having inserted the new TU-3 pointer values and the columns with all zeros.
- h) Rewriting of byte M1 in the new #9.4 (ninth row, fourth column) position as in FIG. 6d.
- i) B2 byte correction/compensation (in the #5.1 position) as a function of the new B3 value inserted.
- j) Insertion of byte B1 (parity recalculation).
- k) Reduction of columns (for the sub-STM-1 frame to be transmitted).
- l) Generation of the regeneration section on appropriate sub-STM-1 interface (FIG. 6e). In FIG. 6e, the first three columns correspond to the SOH, the fourth column to the POH while the other columns are substantially the significant VC-3.
- Referring now to FIG. 5 and to the various FIGS. 7a to 7 d, the sub-STM-1 signal conversion will now be illustrated in detail. The following operations are performed on a standard sub-STM-1 signal.
- m) Regeneration Section termination on appropriate sub-STM-1 interface.
- n) B1 computation (FIG. 7a).
- o) Reconstruction of columns multiple of two and of three (NX2 and NX3, N= 1,2,3, . . . ) with all zeros stuffing bytes (as in FIG. 7b).
- p) Rewriting the correct alignment word A1, A2 (EXADEC=F6 F6 F6 28 28 28) and the entire RSOH.
- q) Rewriting the correct AUOH row (fourth row)
- AU pointer=
H1 Y Y H 2U U H 3 H3 H3 - where
- Y= 1001 0011 (EXADEC= 93)
- U= 1111 1111 (EXADEC=FF)
- r) Rewriting of the M1 byte in the correct position (#9.6) of the STM-1 frame.
- s) Filling with all zeros in the #9.4 byte (FIG. 7c).
- t) Carrying out an AU-4 pointer interpretation (to identify the AU-4 starting position in order to determine the exact position of the TU-3 pointers) through a pointer interpretation machine.
- u) Rewriting the TU-3 pointers for the second and third unequipped VC-3s as valid pointers and pointer offset equal to zero. In the case of a structure mapped with three VC-3, the TU-3 pointer values for the second and third uncharged containers in the incoming frame are fixed to the following values:
- H1 H2 H3= 01101000 00000000 00000000 (EXADEC 68 00 00)
- NDF= 0110; SS_bits=10
- pointer value=0
- v) B2 byte processing. The processing step comprises the following substeps:
- B2 byte (#5.1) correction/compensation due to the replacement of the M1 byte with an “all zeroes” configuration in the #9.4 position;
- B2 (#5.2) is set equal to Y Θ U Θ H3 Θ H1 (TU-3 pointer), where “Θ” designates the exclusive OR logical operator;
- B2 (#5.3) is set equal to Y Θ U Θ H3 Θ M1 Θ H1 (TU-3 pointer), where Θ designates the exclusive OR logical operator.
- w) Insertion of RSOH and B1 (FIG. 7e).
- The method according to the invention could be implemented by a suitable device or apparatus, in this case a network element and/or an interface comprising means able to carry out all of the steps of the method itself or, as an alternative, the method could be implemented by means of a suitable computer program, said program comprising computer program code means adapted to perform all the steps of the method when said program is run on a computer. The protection is intended as tacitly extended, in addition to such a program, also to a computer readable medium having such a program recorded thereon. In particular, the invention could advantageously be implemented by means of an ASIC.
- Naturally, many of the steps detailed above could be performed with some variations or could also be eliminated. However, such modifications, considered apparent to a person skilled in the art having read the above description, are held as falling within the scope defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
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IT1999MI002653A IT1314145B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | METHOD AND DEVICE TO CONVERT AN STM-1 SIGNAL INTO A SUB-STM-1 AND VICE-VERSA SIGNAL IN RADIO TRANSMISSIONS |
ITMI99A002653 | 1999-12-21 |
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US20020029368A1 (en) * | 2000-06-11 | 2002-03-07 | Eli Korall | Method for ensuring error-free transmission of a telecommunication signal including temporary data channels |
US20020037019A1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-03-28 | Alcatel | Transport module for SDH/SONET |
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US6580731B1 (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2003-06-17 | Network Elements, Inc. | Multi-stage SONET overhead processing |
US7075953B2 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2006-07-11 | Network-Elements, Inc. | Programmable SONET framing |
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- 2000-12-14 EP EP00403543A patent/EP1111829B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 AT AT00403543T patent/ATE349114T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-14 DE DE60032445T patent/DE60032445T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-21 US US09/741,074 patent/US6937625B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20020029368A1 (en) * | 2000-06-11 | 2002-03-07 | Eli Korall | Method for ensuring error-free transmission of a telecommunication signal including temporary data channels |
US6735736B2 (en) * | 2000-06-11 | 2004-05-11 | Eci Telecom Ltd. | Method for ensuring error-free transmission of a telecommunication signal including temporary data channels |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1111829B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
DE60032445T2 (en) | 2007-10-11 |
IT1314145B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
ATE349114T1 (en) | 2007-01-15 |
US6937625B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 |
EP1111829A2 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
ITMI992653A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 |
ITMI992653A0 (en) | 1999-12-21 |
EP1111829A3 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
DE60032445D1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
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