US20010002333A1 - Method of fabricating dual damascene structure - Google Patents
Method of fabricating dual damascene structure Download PDFInfo
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- US20010002333A1 US20010002333A1 US09/280,892 US28089299A US2001002333A1 US 20010002333 A1 US20010002333 A1 US 20010002333A1 US 28089299 A US28089299 A US 28089299A US 2001002333 A1 US2001002333 A1 US 2001002333A1
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- barrier layer
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- via hole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76879—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material by selective deposition of conductive material in the vias, e.g. selective C.V.D. on semiconductor material, plating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76807—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/7684—Smoothing; Planarisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fabricating method of multi-layered interconnections. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- Copper has many good qualities such as a low resistivity and a high electromigration resistance.
- copper can be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or electroplating.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- electroplating electroplating
- copper is widely used in sub-micron process to form multi-layered interconnects.
- some problems still occur when using copper in sub-micron process. For example, copper is easily oxidized and eroded. It is difficult to pattern copper by dry etching. The adhesion between copper and dielectric materials is poor. Furthermore, copper easily diffuses into the dielectric materials so that the reliability of devices is decreased.
- FIGS. 1A through 1C are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a conventional method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- a dual-damascene technique is a technique that forms a metallic interconnection 114 (FIG. 1B) in a dielectric layer 106 .
- a dielectric layer 106 is first formed over a substrate 100 , and then the dielectric layer 106 is planarized. According to the required design, the dielectric layer 106 is then patterned. A trench 108 and a via hole 110 are formed to expose a portion of the conductive layer 102 .
- a barrier layer 112 is formed over the substrate 100 .
- a copper layer 114 is formed over the substrate 100 to fill the trench 108 and the via hole 110 .
- a conductive line and a via contact are thus simultaneously formed.
- the barrier layer 112 having a high stability is used to solve the above-described problems, such as copper atom diffusion and poor adhesion between the copper layer 114 and the dielectric layer 106 .
- a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step is performed. Because it is difficult to etch the copper layer 114 , the conventional method solves this difficulty by using the CMP step instead of performing an etching step. Thus, the difficulty in etching the copper layer 114 does not occur.
- the material of the barrier layer 112 in the dual damascene structure is tantalum/tantalum nitride (Ta/TaN). Because it is difficult to remove the Ta/TaN layer by chemical-mechanical polishing, the dual damascene structure is still formed with difficulty. In order to remove the barrier layer 112 , it is necessary for the conventional method to perform an over-polishing step. Since the etching rate for the Ta/TaN barrier layer 112 is lower than that of the copper layer 114 , the copper layer 114 is easily dished or suffers from an erosion problem. Thus, the process is still not optimal.
- the invention provides a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- a dielectric layer is formed on a substrate.
- a diffusion barrier layer is formed on the dielectric layer.
- a portion of the diffusion barrier layer and the dielectric layer is removed to form a trench and a via hole.
- a barrier layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer and in the trench and the via hole.
- the barrier layer on the diffusion barrier layer is removed by chemical-mechanical polishing.
- a conductive layer is formed in the trench and the via hole by selective deposition.
- a planarization step is performed with the diffusion barrier layer serving as a stop layer.
- the barrier layer serves as an activation center for selective deposition.
- the conductive layer easily fills the trench and the via hole.
- the diffusion barrier layer does not serve as an active center, it is difficult to deposit the conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer.
- the invention removes the barrier layer, which is on the diffusion barrier layer, before the step of forming the conductive layer in the trench and the via hole.
- the conductive layer is then formed by selective deposition. There is a high selectivity between the barrier layer, which is in the trench and the via hole, and the diffusion barrier layer. Thus, the conductive layer is deposited almost only in the trench and the via hole. Therefore, the undesired conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer can be easily removed by chemical-mechanical polishing, so as to prevent the occurrence of a dishing effect and a erosion problem of the conductive layer.
- FIGS. 1A through 1C are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a conventional method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- FIGS. 2A through 2F are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure according to one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the preferred embodiment takes a dual damascene as an example to explain the present invention.
- the invention can also be utilized in a process of forming a metallic line or a process of forming a contact or a via.
- the present invention is not limited to the method of forming a dual damascene structure.
- FIGS. 2A through 2F are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure according to one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a conductive layer 202 is formed in the substrate 200 .
- a cap layer 204 is formed on the substrate 200 to cover the conductive layer 202 .
- a dielectric layer 206 and a diffusion barrier layer 207 are formed in sequence over the substrate 200 .
- the material of the conductive layer 202 includes copper.
- the conductive layer 202 can be formed by chemical vapor deposition or electroplating.
- the thickness of the conductive layer 202 is preferably about 3000 angstroms to 5000 angstroms, but is not limited to this thickness.
- the material of the cap layer 204 is preferably a material that can prevent the oxidation of the conductive layer 202 and can also prevent atoms or ions of the conductive layer 202 from diffusing into the dielectric layer 206 .
- the thickness of the cap layer 204 is preferably about 600 angstroms to 1000 angstroms.
- the material of the cap layer 204 is preferably silicon nitride (SiN) and SiC formed by, for example, chemical vapor deposition.
- the dielectric layer 206 is preferably a silicon oxide layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or spin-on polymer (SOP) with a low dielectric constant.
- PECVD plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- SOP spin-on polymer
- the SOP includes flare, SILK, Parylene, or PAE-II.
- the diffusion barrier layer 207 is used to prevent the conductive layer 202 from diffusing into the dielectric layer 206 while depositing the conductive layer 202 . There is a deposition selectivity between the diffusion barrier layer 207 and the dielectric layer 206 while depositing the conductive layer 214 .
- the material of the diffusion barrier layer 207 is preferably silicon nitride formed by, for example, chemical vapor deposition.
- a trench 206 and a via hole 210 are formed in the diffusion barrier layer 207 , the dielectric layer 206 , and the cap layer 204 by the following exemplary steps.
- a patterned photoresist layer (not shown) comprising an opening is formed over the diffusion barrier layer 207 .
- the location of the opening exposes the location of the via hole 210 above the conductive layer 202 .
- An etching step is performed with the cap layer 204 serving as an etching stop point.
- the pattern of the photoresist layer is transferred to form the via hole 210 .
- a via hole 210 exposing the cap layer 204 is formed in the diffusion barrier layer 207 and the dielectric layer 206 .
- the photoresist layer is removed.
- Another photoresist layer (not shown) is formed on the dielectric layer 206 , so as to form the trench 210 .
- the diffusion barrier layer 207 and the dielectric layer 206 are patterned with the photoresist layer serving as an etching mask.
- a trench 208 is formed in the diffusion barrier layer 207 and the dielectric layer 206 .
- the photoresist layer is removed.
- the cap layer 204 exposed by the via hole 210 is removed.
- a conformal barrier layer 212 is formed over the substrate 200 , in the trench 208 and the via hole 210 , and over the diffusion barrier layer 207 .
- a material of the barrier layer 212 is titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), tantalum/tantalum nitride (Ta/TaN), or tungsten nitride.
- the barrier layer 212 on the diffusion barrier layer 207 is removed.
- a chemical-mechanical polishing step is performed with the diffusion barrier layer 207 serving as an etching stop.
- the barrier layer 212 is polished until the diffusion barrier layer 207 is exposed.
- a selective deposition step is performed.
- a conductive layer 214 is formed over the substrate 200 and in the trench 208 and the via hole 210 .
- the material of the conductive layer 214 is preferably copper.
- the step of forming the conductive layer 214 is preferably performed by selective deposition, such as selective chemical vapor deposition.
- the material of the barrier layer 212 is preferably Ta/TaN.
- a material of the conductive layer 214 is copper
- a material of the barrier layer 212 is Ta/TaN
- a material of the diffusion barrier layer 207 is silicon nitride.
- the Ta/TaN barrier layer 212 serves as an activation center for selective chemical vapor deposition.
- the copper conductive layer 214 easily fills the trench 208 and the via hole 210 .
- the silicon-nitride diffusion barrier layer 207 does not serve as an active center, it is difficult to deposit the copper conductive layer 214 on the diffusion barrier layer 207 .
- a planarization process is performed to remove a portion of the conductive layer 212 .
- a chemical-mechanical polishing is performed with the diffusion barrier layer 207 serving as a stop layer.
- the conductive layer 214 is removed until the diffusion barrier layer 207 is exposed.
- a selective ratio of the barrier layer 212 and the diffusion barrier layer 207 is not necessarily 100%. If there is a portion of the conductive layer 212 deposited on the diffusion barrier layer 207 , the conductive layer 212 on the diffusion barrier layer 207 can be easily removed in the following planarization process. Thus, a dishing effect and an erosion problem do not occur.
- the conventional method in order to remove a Ta/TaN barrier layer by chemical-mechanical polishing, a dishing effect and an erosion problem occur on the conductive layer.
- the invention solves the difficulty by removing the barrier layer 212 on the diffusion barrier layer 207 before the step of depositing conductive layer 214 .
- no barrier layer 212 needs to be removed.
- the dishing effect and the erosion problem as found in the conventional method because of over polishing, do not occur.
- the invention removes a barrier layer on a diffusion barrier layer before the step of forming a conductive layer in a trench and a via hole.
- the conductive layer is then formed by selective deposition. There is a high selectivity between the barrier layer, which is in the trench and the via hole, and the diffusion barrier layer. Thus, the conductive layer is deposited almost only in the trench and the via hole. Therefore, the undesired conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer can be easily removed by chemical-mechanical polishing, so as to prevent the occurrence of the dishing effect and the erosion problem found in the conventional method.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a fabricating method of multi-layered interconnections. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Due to the increased number of devices incorporated in a semiconductor circuit and the corresponding size reduction of the devices, material property is an important factor that affects device performance. For example, the material of the metallic multi-layered interconnections greatly affects resistance of the devices. Thus, in order to reduce the resistance, it is an important subject to select a suitable metallic material.
- Copper has many good qualities such as a low resistivity and a high electromigration resistance. In addition, copper can be formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or electroplating. Thus, copper is widely used in sub-micron process to form multi-layered interconnects. However, some problems still occur when using copper in sub-micron process. For example, copper is easily oxidized and eroded. It is difficult to pattern copper by dry etching. The adhesion between copper and dielectric materials is poor. Furthermore, copper easily diffuses into the dielectric materials so that the reliability of devices is decreased.
- To solve the above-described problems, the conventional method uses a dual-damascene technique with a chemical-mechanical polishing step. FIGS. 1A through 1C are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a conventional method of fabricating a dual damascene structure. A dual-damascene technique is a technique that forms a metallic interconnection114 (FIG. 1B) in a
dielectric layer 106. In FIG. 1A, adielectric layer 106 is first formed over asubstrate 100, and then thedielectric layer 106 is planarized. According to the required design, thedielectric layer 106 is then patterned. Atrench 108 and avia hole 110 are formed to expose a portion of theconductive layer 102. In FIG. 1B, abarrier layer 112 is formed over thesubstrate 100. Acopper layer 114 is formed over thesubstrate 100 to fill thetrench 108 and thevia hole 110. A conductive line and a via contact are thus simultaneously formed. - The
barrier layer 112 having a high stability is used to solve the above-described problems, such as copper atom diffusion and poor adhesion between thecopper layer 114 and thedielectric layer 106. As shown in FIG. 1C, a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step is performed. Because it is difficult to etch thecopper layer 114, the conventional method solves this difficulty by using the CMP step instead of performing an etching step. Thus, the difficulty in etching thecopper layer 114 does not occur. - Typically, the material of the
barrier layer 112 in the dual damascene structure is tantalum/tantalum nitride (Ta/TaN). Because it is difficult to remove the Ta/TaN layer by chemical-mechanical polishing, the dual damascene structure is still formed with difficulty. In order to remove thebarrier layer 112, it is necessary for the conventional method to perform an over-polishing step. Since the etching rate for the Ta/TaN barrier layer 112 is lower than that of thecopper layer 114, thecopper layer 114 is easily dished or suffers from an erosion problem. Thus, the process is still not optimal. - The invention provides a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure. A dielectric layer is formed on a substrate. A diffusion barrier layer is formed on the dielectric layer. A portion of the diffusion barrier layer and the dielectric layer is removed to form a trench and a via hole. A barrier layer is formed on the diffusion barrier layer and in the trench and the via hole. The barrier layer on the diffusion barrier layer is removed by chemical-mechanical polishing. A conductive layer is formed in the trench and the via hole by selective deposition. A planarization step is performed with the diffusion barrier layer serving as a stop layer.
- During the selective deposition of the conductive layer, the barrier layer serves as an activation center for selective deposition. The conductive layer easily fills the trench and the via hole. In contrast, since the diffusion barrier layer does not serve as an active center, it is difficult to deposit the conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer. Thus, there is a high selectivity of the conductive layer between the barrier layer and the diffusion barrier layer.
- The invention removes the barrier layer, which is on the diffusion barrier layer, before the step of forming the conductive layer in the trench and the via hole. The conductive layer is then formed by selective deposition. There is a high selectivity between the barrier layer, which is in the trench and the via hole, and the diffusion barrier layer. Thus, the conductive layer is deposited almost only in the trench and the via hole. Therefore, the undesired conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer can be easily removed by chemical-mechanical polishing, so as to prevent the occurrence of a dishing effect and a erosion problem of the conductive layer.
- It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
- The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings,
- FIGS. 1A through 1C are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a conventional method of fabricating a dual damascene structure.
- FIGS. 2A through 2F are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure according to one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
- The preferred embodiment takes a dual damascene as an example to explain the present invention. In practice, the invention can also be utilized in a process of forming a metallic line or a process of forming a contact or a via. The present invention is not limited to the method of forming a dual damascene structure.
- FIGS. 2A through 2F are schematic, cross-sectional views showing a method of fabricating a dual damascene structure according to one preferred embodiment of the invention.
- In FIG. 2A, a
conductive layer 202 is formed in thesubstrate 200. Acap layer 204 is formed on thesubstrate 200 to cover theconductive layer 202. Adielectric layer 206 and adiffusion barrier layer 207 are formed in sequence over thesubstrate 200. - The material of the
conductive layer 202 includes copper. Theconductive layer 202 can be formed by chemical vapor deposition or electroplating. The thickness of theconductive layer 202 is preferably about 3000 angstroms to 5000 angstroms, but is not limited to this thickness. The material of thecap layer 204 is preferably a material that can prevent the oxidation of theconductive layer 202 and can also prevent atoms or ions of theconductive layer 202 from diffusing into thedielectric layer 206. The thickness of thecap layer 204 is preferably about 600 angstroms to 1000 angstroms. In a case where a material of theconductive layer 202 is copper, the material of thecap layer 204 is preferably silicon nitride (SiN) and SiC formed by, for example, chemical vapor deposition. - The
dielectric layer 206 is preferably a silicon oxide layer formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or spin-on polymer (SOP) with a low dielectric constant. The SOP includes flare, SILK, Parylene, or PAE-II. - The
diffusion barrier layer 207 is used to prevent theconductive layer 202 from diffusing into thedielectric layer 206 while depositing theconductive layer 202. There is a deposition selectivity between thediffusion barrier layer 207 and thedielectric layer 206 while depositing theconductive layer 214. The material of thediffusion barrier layer 207 is preferably silicon nitride formed by, for example, chemical vapor deposition. - In FIG. 2B, a
trench 206 and a viahole 210 are formed in thediffusion barrier layer 207, thedielectric layer 206, and thecap layer 204 by the following exemplary steps. A patterned photoresist layer (not shown) comprising an opening is formed over thediffusion barrier layer 207. The location of the opening exposes the location of the viahole 210 above theconductive layer 202. An etching step is performed with thecap layer 204 serving as an etching stop point. The pattern of the photoresist layer is transferred to form the viahole 210. A viahole 210 exposing thecap layer 204 is formed in thediffusion barrier layer 207 and thedielectric layer 206. The photoresist layer is removed. Another photoresist layer (not shown) is formed on thedielectric layer 206, so as to form thetrench 210. Thediffusion barrier layer 207 and thedielectric layer 206 are patterned with the photoresist layer serving as an etching mask. Atrench 208 is formed in thediffusion barrier layer 207 and thedielectric layer 206. The photoresist layer is removed. Thecap layer 204 exposed by the viahole 210 is removed. - In FIG. 2C, a
conformal barrier layer 212 is formed over thesubstrate 200, in thetrench 208 and the viahole 210, and over thediffusion barrier layer 207. Preferably, a material of thebarrier layer 212 is titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN), tantalum (Ta), tantalum nitride (TaN), tantalum/tantalum nitride (Ta/TaN), or tungsten nitride. - In FIG. 2D, the
barrier layer 212 on thediffusion barrier layer 207 is removed. Preferably, a chemical-mechanical polishing step is performed with thediffusion barrier layer 207 serving as an etching stop. Thebarrier layer 212 is polished until thediffusion barrier layer 207 is exposed. - In FIG. 2E, a selective deposition step is performed. A
conductive layer 214 is formed over thesubstrate 200 and in thetrench 208 and the viahole 210. The material of theconductive layer 214 is preferably copper. The step of forming theconductive layer 214 is preferably performed by selective deposition, such as selective chemical vapor deposition. In a case where a material of theconductive layer 214 is copper, the material of thebarrier layer 212 is preferably Ta/TaN. - The following description takes the following materials as examples: if a material of the
conductive layer 214 is copper, a material of thebarrier layer 212 is Ta/TaN and a material of thediffusion barrier layer 207 is silicon nitride. During the selective chemical vapor deposition of thecopper conductive layer 214, the Ta/TaN barrier layer 212 serves as an activation center for selective chemical vapor deposition. Thus, thecopper conductive layer 214 easily fills thetrench 208 and the viahole 210. In contrast, since the silicon-nitridediffusion barrier layer 207 does not serve as an active center, it is difficult to deposit thecopper conductive layer 214 on thediffusion barrier layer 207. As explained in the above description, there is a high selectivity of thecopper conductive layer 214 between thebarrier layer 212 and thediffusion barrier layer 207. - In FIG. 2F, a planarization process is performed to remove a portion of the
conductive layer 212. Preferably, a chemical-mechanical polishing is performed with thediffusion barrier layer 207 serving as a stop layer. Theconductive layer 214 is removed until thediffusion barrier layer 207 is exposed. - In the invention, a selective ratio of the
barrier layer 212 and thediffusion barrier layer 207 is not necessarily 100%. If there is a portion of theconductive layer 212 deposited on thediffusion barrier layer 207, theconductive layer 212 on thediffusion barrier layer 207 can be easily removed in the following planarization process. Thus, a dishing effect and an erosion problem do not occur. - In the conventional method, in order to remove a Ta/TaN barrier layer by chemical-mechanical polishing, a dishing effect and an erosion problem occur on the conductive layer. The invention solves the difficulty by removing the
barrier layer 212 on thediffusion barrier layer 207 before the step of depositingconductive layer 214. Thus, when the planarization process is performed to remove a portion of theconductive layer 214, nobarrier layer 212 needs to be removed. Thus, the dishing effect and the erosion problem, as found in the conventional method because of over polishing, do not occur. - Accordingly, the invention removes a barrier layer on a diffusion barrier layer before the step of forming a conductive layer in a trench and a via hole. The conductive layer is then formed by selective deposition. There is a high selectivity between the barrier layer, which is in the trench and the via hole, and the diffusion barrier layer. Thus, the conductive layer is deposited almost only in the trench and the via hole. Therefore, the undesired conductive layer on the diffusion barrier layer can be easily removed by chemical-mechanical polishing, so as to prevent the occurrence of the dishing effect and the erosion problem found in the conventional method.
- It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure and the method of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
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