US1984421A - Liquid for transferring energy and lubricating - Google Patents

Liquid for transferring energy and lubricating Download PDF

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Publication number
US1984421A
US1984421A US495415A US49541530A US1984421A US 1984421 A US1984421 A US 1984421A US 495415 A US495415 A US 495415A US 49541530 A US49541530 A US 49541530A US 1984421 A US1984421 A US 1984421A
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Prior art keywords
lubricating
ethers
ether
oils
transferring energy
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US495415A
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Muench Eduard
Ufer Hanns
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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    • C10M107/20Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M107/34Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquids for transferring energy and lubricating.
  • liquids for transferring energy and lubricating can be prepared by mixing liquid ethers, especially ethers of the glycols or polyglycols, or mixtures thereof, with oily lubri eating agents such as vegetable, animal or min-- eral oils, especially. with castor 'oil, and if desired with further ad .litions of diluents, alkaline agents or agents retarding oxidation or,several of such agents.
  • the components of the said mixtures must of course be so chosen that they are miscible with each other at the temperatures concerned in the application of the mixtures for the said purposes.
  • Certain mineral lubricating oils such as those of Pennsylvanian origin are less compatible in many cases with ethers of low molecular weight in which the ratio of oxygen to carbon is rather high, and in these cases quantities of ether of from about 5 to about 30 per cent are preferred.
  • the ethers employed may be chosen from any ethers containing aliphatic radicles and we wish the term ethers to be understood as not including purely aromatic compounds such as diphenyl oxide and the like.
  • the ethers can be chosen from all those ethers which have a melting point below zero centigrade and are therefore liquid under normal conditions.
  • Suitable ethers are the symmetrical and unsymmetrical aliphatic ethers as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, heptyl and decyl ethers, methyl grade) Viscosity (in degrees Engler) l dodecyl ether, dibenzyl ether, the alkyl and aryl ethers of glycols, of polyglycols and of other higher polyhydric alcohols and similar ethers provided they fulfil the requirements as regards their melting point.
  • the low aliphatic ethers such as di-methyl ether, methyl ethyl ether or di-ethyl ether.may be employed for use at low temperatures but should not be employed in preparations for use at temperatures above the boiling pointof the said ethers.
  • ethers of glycols or of polyglycols may be employed, for example symmetrical or mixed ethers of monohydric aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic aromatic alcohols, provided that.
  • ethers possess a boiling point above the temperature which may arise in the particular application desired.
  • a mixture of equal part by Weight of castor oil and of din-butyl ether has the following viscosities: at 20 C. 7.9 Engler, at 0 0. 3.4. Engler, at 20 C. 1.9 Engler and at 50 C. 1.4 Engler, whereas a similar mixture with ethyl alcohol in the place of the ether has a viscosity at 20 of Engler.
  • a mixture of 2 parts of mineral oil, 1 part of icemachine oil and 1 part of di-butyl ether shows the following viscosity values at the aforesaid temperatures: 3.1, 1.7, 1.3 and 1.1.
  • the viscosity of Gargoyle Mobile Oil BB which corresponds to a period for effluing from the Engler viscos-- imeter at 20 C. of 406 seconds is reduced to 235 seconds by an addition of 5 per cent of dibenzyl ether and to 82 seconds by an addition of 10 per cent of di-butyl ether.
  • castor oil has been found to be especially suitable by reason of its good lubricating power and its small attack .on caulking materials especially on rubber.
  • a great variety of kinds of castor oil may be employed, including those which have been rendered miscible with mineral oils, and also mixtures of these oils with other oils, such as mineral oils or vegetable oils other than castor oil. For example a mixture of -parts by volume of a castor oil miscible with mineraloil, 30 parts byvolume of ethylene glycol mono-cresyl ether and,
  • oils which undergo change by the oxygen of the air such as vegetable or animal oils it is sometimes preferable to add agents for preventing oxidation as for example those used in the rubber industry such as aldol-alpha-naphthylamine, or other agents such as urea and the like.
  • the said mixtures may be used as powertransferring and lubricating liquids for a great variety of hydraulic apparatus and machines, as for example for brakes, shock-absorbers, presses, lifting apparatus and the like.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a lubricating oil.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid glycol ether, a liquid polyglycol ether and a lubricating oil.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a vegetable lubricating oil.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and castor oil.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of about equal parts by weight of neutral castor oil and of polyethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether.
  • composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a mineral lubricating oil.

Description

efficient lubricants.
Patented Dec. 18, 1934 LIQUID FOR TRANSFERRING ENERGY AND LUBRICATINGY Eduard Muench-and Hanns Ufer, Ludwigshafenon-the-Rhine, Germany, assignors to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfort-onthe-Main, Germany No Drawing.
Application November 13,1930,
Serial No. 495,415. In Germany November 23;
6 Claims.
The present invention relates to liquids for transferring energy and lubricating.
It is well known that castor oil and other vegetal, i. 8. animal or mineral, oils and fats are If however such lubricants are used in hydraulic machinery, such asfiuid brakes, as means for transferring energy a disadvantage occurs which consists in the considerable increase of viscosity of the saidmaterials at low temperatures. It has been already suggested to diminish the viscosity by adding ethyl alcohol to castor oil but these mixtures corrode metals. In order to obviate this deleterious effect alkali metal hydroxide or alkali metal salts, in particular arsenites or phosphates, have been added but with insufiicient results and the substitution of butyl alcohol for ethyl alcohol has not proved satisfactory as regards corrosion.
We have now found that liquids for transferring energy and lubricating can be prepared by mixing liquid ethers, especially ethers of the glycols or polyglycols, or mixtures thereof, with oily lubri eating agents such as vegetable, animal or min-- eral oils, especially. with castor 'oil, and if desired with further ad .litions of diluents, alkaline agents or agents retarding oxidation or,several of such agents. The components of the said mixtures must of course be so chosen that they are miscible with each other at the temperatures concerned in the application of the mixtures for the said purposes. The ratio between the ethers and oily lubricating agents'varies in rather wide limits depending on the purpose intended for the preparations; thus the quantity of ether may be from 5 to 200 per cent of the oily lubricating agents, provided these quantities dissolve in each other, which is the case with most ethers and especially with vegctal, i. e. vegetable and animal oils. Certain mineral lubricating oils such as those of Pennsylvanian origin are less compatible in many cases with ethers of low molecular weight in which the ratio of oxygen to carbon is rather high, and in these cases quantities of ether of from about 5 to about 30 per cent are preferred. The ethers employed may be chosen from any ethers containing aliphatic radicles and we wish the term ethers to be understood as not including purely aromatic compounds such as diphenyl oxide and the like. The ethers can be chosen from all those ethers which have a melting point below zero centigrade and are therefore liquid under normal conditions. Suitable ethers are the symmetrical and unsymmetrical aliphatic ethers as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, heptyl and decyl ethers, methyl grade) Viscosity (in degrees Engler) l dodecyl ether, dibenzyl ether, the alkyl and aryl ethers of glycols, of polyglycols and of other higher polyhydric alcohols and similar ethers provided they fulfil the requirements as regards their melting point. The low aliphatic ethers such as di-methyl ether, methyl ethyl ether or di-ethyl ether.may be employed for use at low temperatures but should not be employed in preparations for use at temperatures above the boiling pointof the said ethers. I
Since by the addition of the ethers, the setting point of the oils contained in the mixture is lowcred with the simultaneous reduction of the viscosity of these oils at the temperatures concerned, such mixtures have a viscosity especially suitable for the aforesaid purpose and may be accommo-. dated to the requirements by appropriate choice of the proportions or components of the mixture in a manner in which no other mixtures can. This is especially important because,in the apparatus and machines necessary for the various purposes, the openings for the flow of the pressure transferring liquids, as for example nozzles, valves Temperature (in degrees centigrade.. Viscosity (in degrees Engler) With ethylene glycol mono butyl ether the corresponding viscosities are:
Temperature (in degrees centi- 0 13 gra Viscosity (in degrees Engler) 49 A mixture of 1 part of castor oil with 2 parts of polyethylene-glycol mono-ethyl ether has the a following viscosities;
Temperature (in degrees centi- A mixture of 2 parts of castor oil and 1 part of commercial poly-ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether has a viscosity of about 45 Engler at 50 C.
On an average the alteration in the viscosity with the temperature is thus much smaller than with oils, as can be seen from the following table in which the ratio of the times of outflow from a capillary glass pipe are given:
Ratio of times of outflow at- Mixture in parts by weight 50 C. 0. 0 C. 20 C.
l palit ogtcaistor olil anld 2 pagtstoi o e ene co mono u the nu jnnfiz .3 1 2. 4 5. 7 21 1 D3111; 0g l1calstor olil allid 2 parts1 oi 0 ye ene co mono-ct y Ether. Z l 2. 4 5. l 20 l 1 part of castor oil and 2 parts of ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether 1 2.0 4. 2 13 1 part of castor oil and 2 parts of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether l 1.7 2.8 6.9
The values given vary somewhat by reason of slight differences in the initial materials. lBy employing other mixtures especially those of mixtures of the mixtures specified with other ethers of ethylene glycol or of polyethyleneglycol, as for example etlwleneglycol' mono-cresyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and the like, the viscosities at the different temperatures may be still more adapted to the purpose in view.
In the place of, or together with, the ethers of glycols or of polyglycols other ethers may be employed, for example symmetrical or mixed ethers of monohydric aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic aromatic alcohols, provided that. the
ethers possess a boiling point above the temperature which may arise in the particular application desired. Thus, for example a mixture of equal part by Weight of castor oil and of din-butyl ether has the following viscosities: at 20 C. 7.9 Engler, at 0 0. 3.4. Engler, at 20 C. 1.9 Engler and at 50 C. 1.4 Engler, whereas a similar mixture with ethyl alcohol in the place of the ether has a viscosity at 20 of Engler. A mixture of 2 parts of mineral oil, 1 part of icemachine oil and 1 part of di-butyl ether shows the following viscosity values at the aforesaid temperatures: 3.1, 1.7, 1.3 and 1.1. The viscosity of Gargoyle Mobile Oil BB which corresponds to a period for effluing from the Engler viscos-- imeter at 20 C. of 406 seconds is reduced to 235 seconds by an addition of 5 per cent of dibenzyl ether and to 82 seconds by an addition of 10 per cent of di-butyl ether. Of the oils, castor oil has been found to be especially suitable by reason of its good lubricating power and its small attack .on caulking materials especially on rubber. A great variety of kinds of castor oil may be employed, including those which have been rendered miscible with mineral oils, and also mixtures of these oils with other oils, such as mineral oils or vegetable oils other than castor oil. For example a mixture of -parts by volume of a castor oil miscible with mineraloil, 30 parts byvolume of ethylene glycol mono-cresyl ether and,
10 parts by volume of mineral oil, which remains completely clear at 10 below zero centigrade may be mentioned. Moreover, mixtures of 20 Parts of an oil having a low setting point such as the oils known in the trade for lubricating ice-machines and 20 parts of poly-ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether, or of 20 parts of a mineral lubricating oil and from 20to parts of ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether are very useful, and likewise mixtures of 10 parts of mineral lubricating oil, 10 parts of ice-machine oil and from 4 to 10 parts of ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether or of di-n-butyl ether.
. In order to prevent any corrosion of metals such as iron, steel, copper and the like, by a content of free acids in the oils it is preferable to employ neutral oils, such as are obtained for example by heating the acid =oils with ethylene oxide or a homologue thereof or to add to the mixtures small amounts of basic compounds such as alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline reacting salts of the oxygen acids of phosphorus, carbonates and the like, which, if necessary, may be previously dissolved in suitable solvents, as for example ethyl alcohol, in order to produce clear mixtures.
When employing commercial ethers, it is frequently preferable to purify them for this purpose by a treatment with alkalies and subsequent distillation. With oils which undergo change by the oxygen of the air such as vegetable or animal oils it is sometimes preferable to add agents for preventing oxidation as for example those used in the rubber industry such as aldol-alpha-naphthylamine, or other agents such as urea and the like.
The said mixtures may be used as powertransferring and lubricating liquids for a great variety of hydraulic apparatus and machines, as for example for brakes, shock-absorbers, presses, lifting apparatus and the like.
What we claim is:--
1. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a lubricating oil.
2. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid glycol ether, a liquid polyglycol ether and a lubricating oil.
3. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a vegetable lubricating oil.
4. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and castor oil.
5. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of about equal parts by weight of neutral castor oil and of polyethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether.
6. As a composition of matter suitable for transferring energy and lubricating, a practically anhydrous, limpid, homogeneous mixture consisting of a liquid polyglycol ether and a mineral lubricating oil. v
EDUARD MUENCH. HANNS UFER.
US495415A 1929-11-23 1930-11-13 Liquid for transferring energy and lubricating Expired - Lifetime US1984421A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2451999A (en) * 1941-09-27 1948-10-19 Du Pont Hydraulic fluids
US2481278A (en) * 1946-08-31 1949-09-06 Shell Dev Polyoxyalkylene compounds
US2492955A (en) * 1946-08-31 1950-01-03 Shell Dev Polyoxyalkylene compounds
US2514982A (en) * 1946-10-18 1950-07-11 Shell Dev Stabilized lubricant
US2517044A (en) * 1943-07-26 1950-08-01 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Process for making power transmission fluids
US2558030A (en) * 1948-09-23 1951-06-26 William A Zisman Noninflammable hydraulic fluids and lubricants
US4248726A (en) * 1977-05-13 1981-02-03 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. High-viscosity refrigerator oil compositions
DE4106232A1 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-03 Dorma Gmbh & Co Kg DAMPING MEDIUM
US5213700A (en) * 1991-05-20 1993-05-25 Texaco Inc. Method of lubricating a textile machine

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2451999A (en) * 1941-09-27 1948-10-19 Du Pont Hydraulic fluids
US2517044A (en) * 1943-07-26 1950-08-01 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Process for making power transmission fluids
US2481278A (en) * 1946-08-31 1949-09-06 Shell Dev Polyoxyalkylene compounds
US2492955A (en) * 1946-08-31 1950-01-03 Shell Dev Polyoxyalkylene compounds
US2514982A (en) * 1946-10-18 1950-07-11 Shell Dev Stabilized lubricant
US2558030A (en) * 1948-09-23 1951-06-26 William A Zisman Noninflammable hydraulic fluids and lubricants
US4248726A (en) * 1977-05-13 1981-02-03 Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. High-viscosity refrigerator oil compositions
DE4106232A1 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-03 Dorma Gmbh & Co Kg DAMPING MEDIUM
WO1992015657A1 (en) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-17 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Damping fluid
US5213700A (en) * 1991-05-20 1993-05-25 Texaco Inc. Method of lubricating a textile machine

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