US1975708A - Method and apparatus fob drying - Google Patents
Method and apparatus fob drying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1975708A US1975708A US1975708DA US1975708A US 1975708 A US1975708 A US 1975708A US 1975708D A US1975708D A US 1975708DA US 1975708 A US1975708 A US 1975708A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- web
- tension
- cellulose
- passing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N β-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
- F26B13/24—Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating
- F26B13/26—Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating using sorbent surfaces, e.g. bands or coverings on rollers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
- F26B13/24—Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating
- F26B13/28—Arrangements of devices using drying processes not involving heating for applying pressure; for brushing; for wiping
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Oct. 2, 19,34. I LElBL 1,975,708
7 E. ER METHOD AND APP TUS F T DRYING FOI FILMS, STRIPS,
SHEETS, R ONS, WEBS. PREFERA Y OF CELLULOSE Filed 00%. 23. 1930 mum;
il'imu,
Patented Oct. 2, 1934 UNITED vsrArI-rs ltIETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING FOILS, FILMS, STRIPS, SHEETS, RIBBONS, WEBS, PREFEBABLY O F' CELLULOSE ErnstBleibler, Winterthur, Switzerland, assignor to Sylvania Industrial Corporation, Fredericksburg, Va., a corporation of Virginia Application October 23,
1930, Serial No. 490,769
Germany October 29, 1929 4 Claims.
My invention relates to a method of and apparatus for drying ribbons, films, sheets, strips, membranes, webs or thin foils,'more particularly those derived from aqueous solutions ofcellulose,
and specifically to such foils, strips and the like as are precipitated by a continuous process from viscose or similar cellulose products, and which are passed over drying rollers or cylinders during and at the same time relaxing their tension. In
263) a preferred process according to my invention this relaxation of the tension and remoistening of the webs takes place as soon as of the original moisture has been withdrawn from the product.
A further object of my invention is to provide means for relaxing and restoring the tension of the strips. v In the accompanying drawing a number of embodiments of my invention are illustrated by 3113 way of example. -It will be understood, however,
' that my invention is by no means limited to these constiuctions 'and that the scope of my invention and the ambit of my appended claims extend to any construction incorporating the broad 85 principle underlying my invention.
' In the drawing Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic cross-section through a drying plant according to my invention, and
Figs. 2 and 3 show spreaders to be employed in the plant shown in Fig. 1, in elevation.
Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing the foil, strip or web 11 to be dried is fed to the drying apparatus either from a storage reel or immediately from the process of manufacture. The
drying apparatus consists of two or more dryer s'ections l and 15 between which is interposed a; relaxing or detensioning and moistening apparatus'ilfi. The drying apparatus consists of 54 rollers 20, 21 and 22, 23 which support the web to be dried alternately on its opposite sides and which are driven in a suitable manner, for instance by means of belts 28 and 29 and motors 25 and 26. For controlling the speeds of both groups of rollers independently suitable regulating means 36, 37;such as step pulleys or the like, may be interposed between the motors and the belts. The motors themselves may be regulated in suitable manner, or the motion of the groups of rollers may be derivedfrom a common drive through suitable regulating gears, line shafting or the like.
After the web has traversed the first dryer section and preferably has given off about of its moisture, the tension on it is relaxed and it passes over the guide rollers 3134 through a bath 30 for remoistening. i
By the relaxation of the tension and the remoistening an automatic equalization of the strains in the material first'takes place while the absorption of liquid remains comparatively low in spite of the moistening. It has been ascertainedthat in such products, and particularly in cellulose sheets or foils of glass like appearance used for wrapping confectionery and the like, the absorption capacity for liquids is quickly reduced as soon as about half the moisture originally con-' tained in the product has been removed. While, for instance, the proportion of water in a cellulose product at the beginning of the drying process amounts to about 800% calculated on the weight of the cellulose, the product after its moisture has been reduced down to-20-30% of its initial moisture weight is no longer able to absorb more than about 200% of moisture calculated on the weight of the cellulose. A slight swelling of the material occurs upon the absorption of this quantity of moisture, but this swelling is only superficial and has the effect that all unevennesses and irregularities in the surface of the material disappear. It is possible in this condition of the foil to compensate the shrinkage losses which developed across the width of the material during the drying process.
In the customary drying processes it is extremely diflicult to avoid shrinkage ofthe foil which is caused by the fact that the conveying speed of the foil does not coincide accurately with the shrinkage conditions; these undesirable shrinkages occur particularly at the unsupported places of the foil and make themselves disagree-- ably noticeable by the product losing considerably in width.
These drawbacks are effectively eliminated by theprocess according to my invention. After the tension. has been released and the material has been moistened again thestrains which have remained in the material in consequence of the shrinkage are'flrst neutralized. This causes the product to recover a portion of its lost width during the further progress of the drying process. This recovery of the lost width may be aug-' mented by interposing between the moistening apparatus and the following dryer section spreaders 40, as well known in the textile industry. As Fig. 2 of the drawing shows, rollers 41 on the circumference of which oppositely directed helices be employed as spreaders. These spreaders apply to the material forces directed transversely to the direction of travel and thus exert a transverse stretching action upon the foil.
The spreader may be followed by a squeezing apparatus 34 which strips oil? the liquid carried along by the surface of the foil or film. To enable the relaxation of the film to be controlled during the moistening process, the individual drying sections of the plant separated by the moistening apparatus are provided with separately regulatable drives. By regulating the driving speed it is then easily possible to keep the material during .the remoistening period at the tension just desired and differing from the tension of the dryer sections.
as remoistening bath any suitable material may be used, for instance a cleaning or any other agent by means of which certain properties may be imparted to the flnalproduct. A glycerine or an oil bath may, for instance, be interposed to render the material flexible or to impregnate it in order to render it impervious to moisture.
Baths consisting of a solution oi. alum may also be used tor the purpose of hardening the material, or solutions of. coloring matters tor dyeing the material, or baths which impart to the material a certain lustre. Furthermore, baths, such as glycerine, grape sugar and glucose, may be employed which displace the water contained in the product and thus assist the further drying process without rendering the product itself hard or brittle.
The drying process is preferably carried out at temperature between 50 and C.', so that the material is not adversely affected and becomes readily susceptible to the intermediate treatment.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illus trated by way of example and that various structural changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of my invenwetting the web while the latter is maintained the drying process is interrupted as soon as at prising in combination a first set of drying rolls,
tion, and I desire therefore that the appended claims should be construed in the light of prior knowledge.
I claim as my invention:
1. A continuous process 0! drying regenerated cellulose in web form which comprises an initial step of drying consisting in passing the web over drying rolls while the web is maintained under tension, an intermediate step consisting in reunder diminished tension, and a final drying step consisting in passing the re-wetted web over drying rolls while restoring the tension on the web.
2. The process as set forth in claim 1 wherein least oi the moisture has been extracted from the web,
3. Apparatus for drying regenerated cellulose in web form and rewetting said cellulose film intermediate said drying process according to the method set forth in claim 1, said apparatus comprising in combination a first set of drying rolls, a second set of drying rolls, at least one bath receptacle for rewetting the web interposed between said two sets of drying rolls, means for passing the web over said first set of drying rolls, said means being adapted to tension the web while passing over said set, means for passing the web through said bath receptacle and adapted to relax the tension of said web during passage of the latter through said receptacle, and means for passing the web over said second set of drying rolls and adapted to restore the tension on the web after the rewetting.
1. Apparatus for drying regenerated cellulose in web form and rewetting said cellulose film in-' termediate said drying process, accordin to the method set forth in claim 1, said apparatus coma second set 01 drying rolls, at least one bathv receptacle for rewetting the web interposed between said two sets of drying rolls, means for passing the web over said first set of drying rolls, said means being adapted to tension the web while passing over said set, means for passing the web through said bath receptacle and adapted to relax the tension of said web during passage of the latter through said receptacle, means ior passing the web oversaid second set of drying rolls and adapted to restore the tension on the web atter the rewetting and means adapted to regulate the speed of the two sets of drying rolls separately and independently of each other.
ERNST BLEIBLER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1975708A true US1975708A (en) | 1934-10-02 |
Family
ID=3426602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US1975708D Expired - Lifetime US1975708A (en) | Method and apparatus fob drying |
Country Status (1)
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2421302A (en) * | 1941-09-12 | 1947-05-27 | Ici Ltd | Process for improving the extensibility and strength of hardened artificial filaments, films, and like thin materials having a protein basis |
US2698967A (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1955-01-11 | American Viscose Corp | Production of regenerated cellulose films and sheets |
US2746166A (en) * | 1954-11-30 | 1956-05-22 | Du Pont | Process of web drying |
US2746167A (en) * | 1954-11-30 | 1956-05-22 | Du Pont | Process of web drying |
US2753591A (en) * | 1953-04-23 | 1956-07-10 | Perkins & Son Inc B F | Apparatus for heating a thermoplastic web and feeding it to an embossing means |
US2770053A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-11-13 | American Viscose Corp | Method for producing pellicles, films, and sheets |
US3220116A (en) * | 1962-10-02 | 1965-11-30 | Clupak Inc | Increasing cross machine direction extensibility of paper webs |
US3243317A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1966-03-29 | Coil Anodizers Inc | Method of pickling without mottling due to gas bubble retention |
US3793867A (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1974-02-26 | Drever Co | Apparatus for continuously quenching a heated metal plate |
US3973329A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1976-08-10 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for drying synthetic fibrous material |
US4304050A (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1981-12-08 | Borregaard Industries Limited | Method for drying chemical or semichemical wood pulp |
US5553700A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-09-10 | Atotech Usa, Inc. | Treatment method and apparatus for printed circuit boards and the like |
US20030154580A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Overcash Walter Stephen | Fabric treatment apparatus and method |
US20100224574A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-09 | Youngs Ross O | Method and apparatus for separating particles from a liquid |
-
0
- US US1975708D patent/US1975708A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2421302A (en) * | 1941-09-12 | 1947-05-27 | Ici Ltd | Process for improving the extensibility and strength of hardened artificial filaments, films, and like thin materials having a protein basis |
US2698967A (en) * | 1951-01-19 | 1955-01-11 | American Viscose Corp | Production of regenerated cellulose films and sheets |
US2770053A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-11-13 | American Viscose Corp | Method for producing pellicles, films, and sheets |
US2753591A (en) * | 1953-04-23 | 1956-07-10 | Perkins & Son Inc B F | Apparatus for heating a thermoplastic web and feeding it to an embossing means |
US2746166A (en) * | 1954-11-30 | 1956-05-22 | Du Pont | Process of web drying |
US2746167A (en) * | 1954-11-30 | 1956-05-22 | Du Pont | Process of web drying |
US3220116A (en) * | 1962-10-02 | 1965-11-30 | Clupak Inc | Increasing cross machine direction extensibility of paper webs |
US3243317A (en) * | 1963-04-19 | 1966-03-29 | Coil Anodizers Inc | Method of pickling without mottling due to gas bubble retention |
US3793867A (en) * | 1971-09-22 | 1974-02-26 | Drever Co | Apparatus for continuously quenching a heated metal plate |
US3973329A (en) * | 1973-11-07 | 1976-08-10 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for drying synthetic fibrous material |
US4304050A (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1981-12-08 | Borregaard Industries Limited | Method for drying chemical or semichemical wood pulp |
US5553700A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-09-10 | Atotech Usa, Inc. | Treatment method and apparatus for printed circuit boards and the like |
WO1996032209A1 (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1996-10-17 | Atotech Usa, Inc. | Method and apparatus for circuit board treatment |
US5766685A (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1998-06-16 | Atotech Usa, Inc. | Treatment method and apparatus for printed circuit boards and the like |
US20030154580A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Overcash Walter Stephen | Fabric treatment apparatus and method |
US20100224574A1 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-09 | Youngs Ross O | Method and apparatus for separating particles from a liquid |
US8092691B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2012-01-10 | Univenture, Inc. | Method and apparatus for separating particles from a liquid |
US8286801B2 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2012-10-16 | Univenture, Inc. | Method and apparatus for separating particles from a liquid |
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