US1625007A - Fuel system for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

A il 19 W2? Y pr c. F. WEEBER FUEL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Aug. 5, 1920 j/ I Q I/VVE/VTOR l ,1 M

( ATTURNEYS Patented Apr. 19, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

FUEL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL- COMBUSTIOTN ENGINES.

Application filed August 3, 1920. Serial No. 400,905.

My invention relates to a fuel system for internal combustion engines, and has, among other objects, that of finely atomizing the liquid fuel and by other means than that of the air current which supplies the air for lhe explosive mixture; and thereby overcoming the defect often occurring of a wet mixture due to insufliciently atomized particles of the liquid fuel carried along by the swiftly moving air current into the engine cylinder.

Another object of my invention is to substantially vaporize the liquid fuel, and preferably before the admixture thereto of the main body of air, to form an explosive mixture.

A further object is to employ the exhaustgases of the engine as the atomizing, and, by reason of their heat, as the vaporizing medium.

- My invention consists. in an apparatus for accomplishing these and other objects, which will be apparent from the following description and from the accompanying drawings of one illustrative en'ibodin'ient of my appara'l'us,-in which The single figure is a longitudinal sectional view through the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, the valved inlet and outlet passages, and the inlet manifold thereto, and showing the exhaust conduit in elevation, and the devices of my fuel system, associated therewith, partlyin vertical sec tion and partly in elevation.

The internal combustion engine with which my fuel system is employed may be of any type in which an atomized or vaporized liquid fuel, mixed with air forms the charge. In the illustrative embodiment l have shown a four-cycle engine having a cylinder 1, pro vided with a clearance space 2 to which the explosive charge is admitted upon the suction stroke by the spring-seated and suctionoperated inlet valve 3, and from which the exhaust gases are ejected through the springseated exhaust valve l, operated mechanically in its opening movement in the usual or any desired manner, a conventional showing of cam 5 and cam-rod 6 being here deemed sufficiently illustrative since my inveution does not reside in these features.

Au. exhaust conduit 7 leads from the exhaust valve chamber 8, and an air inlet conduit 9 leads to the charge inlet valve chamber 10, which air inlet conduit is controlled by a throttle valve 1.1.

The mechanical devices of my improved fuel system include fuel feeding means and atomizing and vaporizing means for trans forming the liquid fuel into a vapor before admixture therewith of air. Such means include the float chamber 12 with the float 13 therein upon the needle valve 14 controlling the entrance of the liquid fuel from the fuel inlet conduit 15, all designed to maintain a predetermined level of the liquid fuel in the float chamber. A fuel delivery conduit 16, shown in the illustrative embodiment as in the casting of the float chamber, is controlled at will by a needle valve 17.

The atomizing and vaporizing means include, in theillusrative embodiment, a right angled chamber formed of two hollow castings 18 and 19 united by means of their flanges 20 and 21 and the bolts and nuts 22. In the lower meeting faces of the flanges 20 and 21, semi-circular grooves are formed to provide a vertically extending bore for the insertion of the upwardly extending arm of the liquid fuel pipe 24, the horizontal arm of this pipe being connected through the nippic 25 to the outlet from the conduit 16.

The upwardly extending arm of the liquid fuel pipe 24 terminates in a nozzle 24 substantially at the center of the atomizing and vaporizing chamber.

At one end of the horizontal portion of the atomizing and vaporizing chamber, the left-hand end as viewed in the drawings, a hollow boss 26 is formed having an aperture for the insertion of the pipe 27 leading from the exhaust conduit 7, the pipe 27 terminating in a nozzle 28 directly in line with but transversely disposed to the fuel nozzle The pipe 27 is of small cross-seclional area and capacity as compared with the exhaust conduit 7, and is thus designed for the entraining from the exhaustconduit of a con'iparatively small quantity of the unspent exhaust gases in a stream moving at high velocity.

Between the exhaust delivery nozzle 2t and. the fuel nozzle 24; is a gauging dish 29, its periphery tightly fitting the interior wall of the chamber 18, and havinga central aperture 30, the center of which aperture in line with the exhaust nozzle 28 and the fuel nozzle 24:. This aperture is designed in size to gauge the quantity of exhaust gases to be passed therethrough and across the fuel nozzle 2%, and a plurality of disks having varying sizes of apertures may be provided for separate insertion and use in" the chamber 18 it variation in the quantity of exhaust gases for atomization and vaporization is demanded.

The vertically depending portion of the hollow casting l8" spro'ylded with zfitlap valve 31 norn'ially maintained in closed position by a curved spring'ilfi so that 'a roup is provided for the reception by gravityot' the non tluid particles in the exhaust stream emergin tro'm the nozzle 28, the impingement oi? the exhaust streaineinerging from the nozzle v ta -ilita tingthe separation or these par-titles theret'ioin. 'lhe'particlcs tlius'separated and deiivered into the sump can be removed by;

by the screw-threaded nipple and nut 36,

as shown.

The pipes and 34 are of like cross-sectional area and preferably slightly larger than the liquid fuel pipe 24 or the exhaust delivery pipe 27, but of small capacityas compared with-the air inlet conduit 9 and' the atoinizing and vaporizing chamber.

The pipe 34: preferably extends the entire length of the upwardly extending portion of the air inlet condu'itand into the charge inlet chamber 10, there terminating: in a nozzle 37.

Rearwardly of the nozzle 37, and for convenience with its peripheral portion held be tween the flanges 38 by which the air inlet conduit is'secured to" the inlet valve chamher, is a'disk 39liaving a central aperture 40 through which the" pipe 34 extends; such disk tunctioningto'reduce the area of the air passage.

Afthrottle valve 4L1 is provided in the aiomizing and vaporizing chamber between the liquid lucl nozzle and theinlet to pipe fii-has shown.

t is to beunderstood that when anengine having multiple cylinders is'used, the air inlet conduit 9 and the exhaust conduit 7 are in the form each of a manifold having branches to the respective cylinders and the single pipe 33 from theatomizing and vaporizing chamber is secure'dto separate pipes, functioningas does the pipe 34, and extending; througlrthe branches of the air inlet manifold to the'respecti've cylinders.

For the starting and initial operation of the engine, a carburetor ofthe customary type, connected to the airinlet conduit 9. may be used it desirechand after the engine is in operation, the liquid fuel supply to that against the 'paug'ing disk at) chamber opposite to that in exhaust delivery pipe 2'? 18 in-' right-hand end as viewed 111' the thus'passing through the aperture 30 passes transversely over the liquid fuel nozzle" 24L and entrains therefrom" and 'atomizesthe liquid fuel, the coinii-iing led exhaust gases 'andfinely divided particles of liquid fuel then. travcrsingtlie chamber 19 and the pipes"33 and 34, during whichtraverse the finely divided particles of liquid fuel be come completely vaporized bythe' heat of the exhaust gases.

The proportions of the vaporized fuel and ot the ai'r to' form the explosive mixture may be varied by means of the throttle valves 41. and 11 'contr'olling, respectively,' the quantities of fuel delivered through the pipes 33 and 34 and or the air delivered through the air inlet conduit 9.

The reducing disk 39 causes a concentra- 'ti'on'ot the air stream adjacent the vapor nozzles? and hence a better commingling ot these ingredients; and the location'ot the vaporoutlet nozzle 37 on the engine side of 'the disk 39 and hence on the side of the greatestiedu'ction in pressure assists in the more speetly'delivery of the fuel through the comparatively small pipe 34-. v

In prac'ticeI have obtained satisfactory results in theatoni'ization and vaporization 0t the fuel and in the ultimate explosive mixture produced, bygauging the stream of exhaust gases usedinatomizing the'li'quid fuel to the smallest quantity sufficient to atom'ize andsubsequently vaporize the "Fuel.

This gauging I pretera'bly' accomplish by the gauging disk as shown. but my invention contemplates 'the accomplishment of this gauging by'Other' means, including the se lec iOiYOf "the pipe 27 itself of the predetermined cross-sectional"areax As already stated, however, the size ofthe aperture may be'vaii'ed somewhat; and it is to be'unde'rstood that my 'inventionisnot limited to the precise gauging device or'size oi? aperture stated. I

p I have" also found" that the provision of 1 'mea'ns for 'rem'oving'ifrom the exhaust before commingling' with the liquid tue'lthe non-fluid particles carried along; with them,

' tends further to obviate the difficulties heretofore encountered,particularly the deposit of carbon within the engine cylinder.

Many modifications of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in this art'without departing therefrom or from the scope of the claims, my invention not being limited to the particular embodiment chosen to illustrate the same.

Having particularly described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with the engine, a supply of liquid fuel and a fuel nozzle, means for entraining from the ex haust conduit of the engine a stream of exhaust gases, means for gauging said stream to a reduction suiiicient to atomize said liquid fuel, and for directing said gauged stream into atomizing relation with the fuel nozzle, an enclosure open to the resulting mixture of exhaust ases and atomized liquid fuel and adapted to maintain without admixture of air the ingredients of said mixture in intimatecontact to vaporize said atomized liquid fuel, a throttle in said enclosure, means for delivering said vaporized fuel from said enclosure and for adding air thereto to form an explosive mixture, and means for delivering said explosive mixture to the engine cylinder.

2. In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine, a chaml'ier con'in'lunicating with the engine cylinder, a restricted liquid fuel nozzle extending into said chamber, a nozzle for the ection of a fluid medium disposed in atomizing relation to said liquid fuel nozzle, a sump to catch non-fluid particles in said medium, and a conduit connecting said second mentioned nozzle with the exhaust conduit of the engine, and a throttle in said chamber.

3. In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine having a charge inlet port and an exhaust port, an air supply conduit communicating with said charge inlet port, a reduction element in said air supply conduit adjacent said comi'i'iunication with said charge inlet port reducing the area of said communication, a second conduit connnunicating with said air supply conduit and with the haust conduit of said engine, and a liquid fuel nozzle extending into said second conduit intermediate said communications.

4-, In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine having a charge inlet port and an exhaust port, an air supply conduit communicating with said charge inlet port, a reduction element in said air supply conduit adjacent said communication with said charge inlet port reducing the area of said communication, a second conduit communicating with said air supply conduit on the engine side of said reduction element and with the exhaust conduit of said engine, and a liquid fuel nozzle extending into said second conduit intermediate said communications.

5. In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine, a chamber communicating with the engine cylinder, a liquid fuel nozzle extending into said chamber, a nozzle for the ejection of a fluid medium disposed in atomizing relation to said liquid fuel nozzle, a conduit connecting said second mentioned nozzle with the exhaust conduit of the engine, and

means interposed between said nozzles for gauging the stream of exhaust gases issuing from said second mentioned nozzle to a re duction.

6. In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine, a supply of liquid fuel, means for entraining from the unspent exhaust gases emitted from the engine a stream of such gases, means for separating non-fluid particles from said stream, means for thereafter directing said stream into atomizing relation with the liquid fuel to atomize the same, and means for delivering said fuel after said atomization to the engine cylinder.

7 In a fuel system for internal combustion engines, in combination with an engine, a chamber communicating with the engine cylinder, a liquid fuel nozzle extending into said chamber, a nozzle for the ejection of a fluid medium disposed in atomizing relation to said liquid fuel nozzle, a conduit connecting said second mentioned nozzle with the exhaust conduit of the engine, an apertured wall disposed between said nozzles with the aperture in alignment with said second mentioned nozzle, and a sump disposed at the side of said wall opposite said liquid fuel nozzle.

In testimony that I claim the foregoin I have hereunto set my hand this 26 day of July, 1920.

CHRISTIAN F. WEEBER.

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