US1400616A - Abdominal retractor - Google Patents
Abdominal retractor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1400616A US1400616A US436237A US43623721A US1400616A US 1400616 A US1400616 A US 1400616A US 436237 A US436237 A US 436237A US 43623721 A US43623721 A US 43623721A US 1400616 A US1400616 A US 1400616A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- holes
- retracting
- fingers
- series
- stems
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors
- A61B17/0293—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for holding wounds open; Tractors with ring member to support retractor elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to means for bolding open abdominal incisions so that further surgical operations may be performed with minimum loss of time and with maximum safety, and its object is to provide an instrument of this character which shall consist of few parts and which may be adjusted in the shortest possible time.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an abdominal retractor which may be sterilized in whole or in part and which may be carried from place to place in sterilized condition.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an abdominal retractor which may be adjusted to all possible conditions within the scope of the instrument by the operator without the necessity of a trained assistant.
- Another object of this invention is to provide an instrument of this character which will retain its position after being adjusted. which will give no undue pressure to the patient and thereby reduce breathing capacity and which may be entirely inclosed in sterilized towels.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of an abdominal retractor in operative condition.
- Fig. 2 is a side elevation and Fig. 3 an end elevation of a retracting hook.
- Fig. 4 is a section of a wing nut and its collar.
- the frame 1 shown in the drawing is shown to be an endless bar somewhat elliptical in general outline, although this shape may be varied as desired to fit the body of the patient around the incision. It is preferably formed with convex portions 2 and concave portions 3 and may be of aluminum or of one of its compounds so as to be light in weight, not easily tarnished and capable of being perfectly cleaned and sterilized.
- This frame is formed with a series of holes 5, directed toward a common point, or they may be so placed that two retracting hooks or fingers may always be positioned alined Specification of Letters Patent.
- These holes are preferably of such size that the hooks may be swung laterally, or these holes may be elongated to permit considerable lateral movemeni; of the hooks.
- retracting hooks are each formed with a threaded stem 8 on which is slidable a collar at having a conical socket 6 to receive the conical end '7 of the wing nut 9.
- the nut is preferably made of two parts connected by the pivots 10. The bearing end only of the nut is threaded which peimits the nut to be opened and slid along the stem 8 to about where it is to engage the stem. W hen the tapering end 7 of the nut is fitted nto the tapering socket 6 of the collar l. it acts like a solid nut. 1
- he retracting hooks are formed with any desired form of fingers 12 to enter the incision, the fingers being preferably inclmed outwardly in order to prevent slipping, so that they make an angle of about seventy degrees with the stems.
- the convex ends of the frame which lit the contour of the patients body prevent any undue pressure which might impair the breathing capacity of the patient.
- the concave sides of the frame afford the greatest operative range for the surgeons instruments and offer the least obstruction to his vision.
- the fact that the frame iits the patients body obviates the possibility of rocking or tilting which might disengage the retracting hooks from the wound.
- the frame may be draped' with sterilized towels so as to leave no metallic surface ex posed to contact with the surgeons instruments. After the wound has been retracted, sterilized towels may be packed underneath the frame to elevate any portion thereof, which often gives increased retraction. The inclination of the fingers prevents them from lifting out of the incision.
- the instrument After being sterilized the instrument may be placed in a sterilized bag and packed in the usual surgeons bag. It enables the sun geon to dispense with an assistant and conserves his time to such an extent that the element of danger to the patient because of long operations is largely obviated.
- the frame having convex middle portions and concave ends.
- a. The combination of. a generally elliptical frame provided with a series of holes, and a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and comprising threaded stems and nuts thereon and retracting fingers at the inner ends of the stems, said nuts being of two parts pivoted together and freely slidable along the stemswhen the parts are swung apart, collars being provided to hold the parts of the nuts together.
Description
H. B. McCRORY AND w. PEARSON.
ABDOMINAL RETRACTOR. APPLICATION FILED JAN-10,1921.
1 ,400, 6 1 6. Patented Dec. 20, 1921.
INVENTOR$ ATTORNEY HARVEY B. I /[CGRORY AND WESLEY PEARSON,
OF SAGINAW, MICHIGAN.
ABDOMINAL RETRACTOR.
Application filed January 10, 1921.
To all whom it may concern."
Be it known that we, HARVEY B. MoCnonr and VVnsLnY PnARsoN, citizens of the United States, and residing at Saginaw, county of Saginaw, and State of Michigan, have invented a new and Improved Abdominal Retractor, of which the following is a specification. 1
This invention relates to means for bolding open abdominal incisions so that further surgical operations may be performed with minimum loss of time and with maximum safety, and its object is to provide an instrument of this character which shall consist of few parts and which may be adjusted in the shortest possible time.
Another object of this invention is to provide an abdominal retractor which may be sterilized in whole or in part and which may be carried from place to place in sterilized condition.
Another object of this invention is to provide an abdominal retractor which may be adjusted to all possible conditions within the scope of the instrument by the operator without the necessity of a trained assistant.
Another object of this invention is to provide an instrument of this character which will retain its position after being adjusted. which will give no undue pressure to the patient and thereby reduce breathing capacity and which may be entirely inclosed in sterilized towels.
l/Ve have shown one embodiment of this invention in the accompanying drawing, in
which Figure 1 is a perspective view of an abdominal retractor in operative condition. Fig. 2 is a side elevation and Fig. 3 an end elevation of a retracting hook. Fig. 4 is a section of a wing nut and its collar.
Similar reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views.
The frame 1 shown in the drawing is shown to be an endless bar somewhat elliptical in general outline, although this shape may be varied as desired to fit the body of the patient around the incision. It is preferably formed with convex portions 2 and concave portions 3 and may be of aluminum or of one of its compounds so as to be light in weight, not easily tarnished and capable of being perfectly cleaned and sterilized. This frame is formed with a series of holes 5, directed toward a common point, or they may be so placed that two retracting hooks or fingers may always be positioned alined Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Dec. 20; 1921. Serial No. 436,237.
with each other. These holes are preferably of such size that the hooks may be swung laterally, or these holes may be elongated to permit considerable lateral movemeni; of the hooks.
These retracting hooks are each formed with a threaded stem 8 on which is slidable a collar at having a conical socket 6 to receive the conical end '7 of the wing nut 9. The nut is preferably made of two parts connected by the pivots 10. The bearing end only of the nut is threaded which peimits the nut to be opened and slid along the stem 8 to about where it is to engage the stem. W hen the tapering end 7 of the nut is fitted nto the tapering socket 6 of the collar l. it acts like a solid nut. 1
he retracting hooks are formed with any desired form of fingers 12 to enter the incision, the fingers being preferably inclmed outwardly in order to prevent slipping, so that they make an angle of about seventy degrees with the stems.
In practice this instrument is carefully fitted to the patients abdomen about the place to be cut with the proper number of hooks ready for adjustment. After the incision is made the fingers of a pair of hooks are inserted in the ends of the incision and the wing nuts tightened, which properly anchors the instrument. The wound may now be dilated at any desired point by the use of additional retracting hooks.
The convex ends of the frame which lit the contour of the patients body prevent any undue pressure which might impair the breathing capacity of the patient. The concave sides of the frame afford the greatest operative range for the surgeons instruments and offer the least obstruction to his vision. The fact that the frame iits the patients body obviates the possibility of rocking or tilting which might disengage the retracting hooks from the wound.
The frame may be draped' with sterilized towels so as to leave no metallic surface ex posed to contact with the surgeons instruments. After the wound has been retracted, sterilized towels may be packed underneath the frame to elevate any portion thereof, which often gives increased retraction. The inclination of the fingers prevents them from lifting out of the incision.
After being sterilized the instrument may be placed in a sterilized bag and packed in the usual surgeons bag. It enables the sun geon to dispense with an assistant and conserves his time to such an extent that the element of danger to the patient because of long operations is largely obviated.
The details of construction and the proportions of the parts may all be changed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of our invention as set forth in the following claims.
We claim I l. The combination of a generally elliptical frame provided with a series of holes, and a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and comprising threaded stems and nuts thereon and retracting fingers at the inner ends of the stems.
2. Theeombination of a generally elliptical frame provided with a series of holes, and a series ,of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes" and comprising threaded stems and nuts thereon and retracting fingers at the inner ends of the stems, said fingers being at less than right angles to said stems.
8. The combination of a generally elliptical frame provided with a series of holes, and a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and comprising threaded stems and nuts-thereon and retracting fingers at the inner ends of the stems,
the frame having convex middle portions and concave ends.
a. The combination of. a generally elliptical frame provided with a series of holes, and a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and comprising threaded stems and nuts thereon and retracting fingers at the inner ends of the stems, said nuts being of two parts pivoted together and freely slidable along the stemswhen the parts are swung apart, collars being provided to hold the parts of the nuts together.
5. The combination of a frame formed of an endless bar having a series of holes, and a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and having retracting fingers at their inner ends, and nuts on the outer ends of the stems to draw said fingers toward the frame.
6. The combination of a generally elliptical frame provided with alined holes in each end and with a series of holes in each side, a series of retracting hooks slidably mounted in said holes and comprising threaded stems, nuts on the outer ends thereof, and fingers on the inner ends of the stems, the frame being low at the middle and high at the ends.
HARVEY B. MGCROR WESLEY PEARSON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US436237A US1400616A (en) | 1921-01-10 | 1921-01-10 | Abdominal retractor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US436237A US1400616A (en) | 1921-01-10 | 1921-01-10 | Abdominal retractor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1400616A true US1400616A (en) | 1921-12-20 |
Family
ID=23731656
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US436237A Expired - Lifetime US1400616A (en) | 1921-01-10 | 1921-01-10 | Abdominal retractor |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US1400616A (en) |
Cited By (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2586488A (en) * | 1949-05-11 | 1952-02-19 | David P Smith | Table supported surgical retractor |
US3016899A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-01-16 | Carl B Stenvall | Surgical instrument |
US3463144A (en) * | 1966-06-13 | 1969-08-26 | Daniel O Hammond | Surgical retractor |
US4274398A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1981-06-23 | Scott Jr Frank B | Surgical retractor utilizing elastic tubes frictionally held in spaced notches |
USRE32021E (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1985-11-05 | Lone Star Medical Products, Inc. | Surgical retractor utilizing elastic tubes frictionally held in spaced notches |
US5299563A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-04-05 | Seton Joseph Z | Method of using a surgical retractor |
US5688223A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-11-18 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Retractor support with adjustable retractor blades |
WO1997045059A1 (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-04 | Pine Ridge Surgical Pty. Ltd. | Surgical retractor |
US5704900A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-01-06 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Method and apparatus for peritoneal distension |
USD412576S (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 1999-08-03 | Applied Medical Technologies, Inc. | Tissue retractor frame |
US5947896A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-09-07 | United States Surgical Corporation | Heart stabilizer apparatus and method for use |
US5951467A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 1999-09-14 | Applied Medical Technology, Inc. | Reconfigurable and self-retaining surgical retractor |
US5967974A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-10-19 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor |
US5967973A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-10-19 | United States Surgical | Surgical retractor and method of surgery |
US5976080A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-11-02 | United States Surgical | Surgical apparatus and method |
US5980569A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-11-09 | United States Surgical Corp. | Prosthetic valve holder and method of use |
US6102853A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2000-08-15 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US6149584A (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2000-11-21 | Raju; Seshadri | IMA Retractor |
US6193651B1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2001-02-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor |
US6200263B1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2001-03-13 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument holder |
US6346078B1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-02-12 | Alan G. Ellman | Eyelid retractor for electrosurgery |
US6354994B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2002-03-12 | Rultract, Inc. | Surgical support apparatus with specialized rakes and method of xiphoid retraction |
US20030009081A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-01-09 | Chase Medical, Lp | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US20030216619A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-11-20 | Paul Scirica | Surgical instrument |
US20040002629A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Branch Charles L. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
WO2004047650A3 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2004-08-26 | Sdgi Holdings Inc | Istraction and retraction system for spinal surgery |
US6834837B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2004-12-28 | Rultract, Inc. | Surgical instrument support device and method |
US20050113645A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-26 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Articulated retractor blade holder |
US20050234304A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-10-20 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US20080294011A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-27 | Mcloughlin Joseph | Surgical retractor and related methods |
US20100113885A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Retractor assemblies for surgery in a patient |
US20130289585A1 (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-31 | Imds Corporation | Tissue fixation device |
US8636656B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2014-01-28 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Retractor assemblies with blade drive mechanisms |
US8915848B1 (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2014-12-23 | James P. Rixen | Apparatus and method for eyelid everter |
US8968192B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2015-03-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Systems and methods for tissue retraction |
US9084591B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2015-07-21 | Neurostructures, Inc. | Retractor |
-
1921
- 1921-01-10 US US436237A patent/US1400616A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2586488A (en) * | 1949-05-11 | 1952-02-19 | David P Smith | Table supported surgical retractor |
US3016899A (en) * | 1958-11-03 | 1962-01-16 | Carl B Stenvall | Surgical instrument |
US3463144A (en) * | 1966-06-13 | 1969-08-26 | Daniel O Hammond | Surgical retractor |
US4274398A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1981-06-23 | Scott Jr Frank B | Surgical retractor utilizing elastic tubes frictionally held in spaced notches |
USRE32021E (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1985-11-05 | Lone Star Medical Products, Inc. | Surgical retractor utilizing elastic tubes frictionally held in spaced notches |
US5299563A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1994-04-05 | Seton Joseph Z | Method of using a surgical retractor |
US6193651B1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2001-02-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor |
US5704900A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1998-01-06 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Method and apparatus for peritoneal distension |
US5688223A (en) * | 1995-11-08 | 1997-11-18 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Retractor support with adjustable retractor blades |
US6213940B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2001-04-10 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor including coil spring suture mount |
US5947896A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-09-07 | United States Surgical Corporation | Heart stabilizer apparatus and method for use |
US6537212B2 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2003-03-25 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor |
US5967973A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1999-10-19 | United States Surgical | Surgical retractor and method of surgery |
US5954639A (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1999-09-21 | Pine Ridge Holdings Pty Ltd. | Surgical retractor |
WO1997045059A1 (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-04 | Pine Ridge Surgical Pty. Ltd. | Surgical retractor |
US5976080A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-11-02 | United States Surgical | Surgical apparatus and method |
US6306085B1 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 2001-10-23 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical apparatus and method |
US6709389B2 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 2004-03-23 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical apparatus and method |
US5967974A (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1999-10-19 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical retractor |
US5980569A (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-11-09 | United States Surgical Corp. | Prosthetic valve holder and method of use |
US6200263B1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2001-03-13 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument holder |
US6264605B1 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2001-07-24 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US7744530B2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2010-06-29 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Surgical instrument holder |
US7294104B2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2007-11-13 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument holder |
US6354994B1 (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2002-03-12 | Rultract, Inc. | Surgical support apparatus with specialized rakes and method of xiphoid retraction |
US6102853A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 2000-08-15 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US6565508B2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2003-05-20 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US6610009B2 (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2003-08-26 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument holder |
USD412576S (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 1999-08-03 | Applied Medical Technologies, Inc. | Tissue retractor frame |
US5951467A (en) * | 1999-03-23 | 1999-09-14 | Applied Medical Technology, Inc. | Reconfigurable and self-retaining surgical retractor |
US6740029B2 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2004-05-25 | Chase Medical, L.P. | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US20030009081A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2003-01-09 | Chase Medical, Lp | Device and method for isolating a surface of a beating heart during surgery |
US6149584A (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2000-11-21 | Raju; Seshadri | IMA Retractor |
US6346078B1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-02-12 | Alan G. Ellman | Eyelid retractor for electrosurgery |
US20030216619A1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-11-20 | Paul Scirica | Surgical instrument |
US7137949B2 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2006-11-21 | United States Surgical Corporation | Surgical instrument |
US20040176665A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-09-09 | Branch Charles L. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US7976463B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2011-07-12 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US20050192485A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-09-01 | Branch Charles L. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US6945933B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2005-09-20 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US20050234304A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-10-20 | Sdgi Holdings, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US7513869B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2009-04-07 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US7981029B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2011-07-19 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US7524285B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2009-04-28 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US7473222B2 (en) | 2002-06-26 | 2009-01-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US20040002629A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Branch Charles L. | Instruments and methods for minimally invasive tissue retraction and surgery |
US6834837B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2004-12-28 | Rultract, Inc. | Surgical instrument support device and method |
US20050109900A1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2005-05-26 | Schilt Janice L. | Surgical instrument support device and method |
AU2003295934B2 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2009-02-26 | Frey, George A. | Distraction and retraction system for spinal surgery |
US20040230191A1 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2004-11-18 | George Frey | Distraction and retraction system for spinal surgery |
WO2004047650A3 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2004-08-26 | Sdgi Holdings Inc | Istraction and retraction system for spinal surgery |
US8100828B2 (en) * | 2002-11-23 | 2012-01-24 | George Frey | Distraction and retraction system for spinal surgery |
US20050113645A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-26 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Articulated retractor blade holder |
US7753844B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2010-07-13 | Minnesota Scientific, Inc. | Articulated retractor blade holder |
US8523770B2 (en) | 2007-05-24 | 2013-09-03 | Joseph McLoughlin | Surgical retractor and related methods |
US8192463B2 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2012-06-05 | Mcloughlin Joseph | Surgical retractor and related methods |
US20080294011A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2008-11-27 | Mcloughlin Joseph | Surgical retractor and related methods |
US8968192B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2015-03-03 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Systems and methods for tissue retraction |
US8226554B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2012-07-24 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Retractor assemblies for surgery in a patient |
US20100113885A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-06 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Retractor assemblies for surgery in a patient |
US8915848B1 (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2014-12-23 | James P. Rixen | Apparatus and method for eyelid everter |
US8636656B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2014-01-28 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Retractor assemblies with blade drive mechanisms |
US20130289585A1 (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-31 | Imds Corporation | Tissue fixation device |
US9089365B2 (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-07-28 | Imds Llc | Tissue fixation device |
US9610099B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2017-04-04 | Imds Llc | Tissue fixation device to grasp, retain and release tissue |
US9084591B2 (en) | 2012-10-23 | 2015-07-21 | Neurostructures, Inc. | Retractor |
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