US1026383A - Metal filament. - Google Patents
Metal filament. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1026383A US1026383A US31600606A US1906316006A US1026383A US 1026383 A US1026383 A US 1026383A US 31600606 A US31600606 A US 31600606A US 1906316006 A US1906316006 A US 1906316006A US 1026383 A US1026383 A US 1026383A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- amalgam
- cadmium
- wire
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000645 Hg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- snares earner QFFE w nner: 1). ooonrnea, or SQHENEC'IADY, NEW roan, assienon 'ro GENERAL nnncrnrc COMPANY, n CORPORATION or NEW roux.
- refractory metals such as tungsten and molybdenum
- tungsten and molybdenum have heretofore been proposed for use in incandescent lamps, but difiiculty has been experienced in shaping the metal into filaments of suitable length and cross-section.
- These refractory metals are usually obtained as fine powders, and
- an amalgam is used to bind the particles of refractory metal together and to make a semi-plastic mass which ma be squirted or otherwise shaped into WIIBSI which on subsequent treatment may be converted into lamp filaments containing nothing but. the refractory metal.
- An amalgam is made by melting together cadmium and mercury in about equal parts by weight. This amalgam fuses at a low temperature and can readily be made very uniform in composition. Tothis amalgam is added the refractory metal, such as tungsten, in a finely divided condition. The tungsten is thoroughly rubbed into” the amalgam while the latter is at such a temperature as to be plastic, in any-suitable way, as with a pestle in an ordinarychemists mortar. do not think that the tungsten unites chemically with the cadmium amalgam or that a tungsten alloy of any kind is formed. I believe that the mixture is merely a mechanical one in which the cadmium amalgam serves as a blndmg material to hold together the particles of finely divided tungsten. I consider it advisable to add tungsten until the. mixture contains about per cent. by weight of tungsten.
- the mixture of tungsten and cadmium amalgam is then squirted warm through a die and comes out as a silver white ductile wire. It can be squirted in sizes of-small diameter, or it can be squirted in sizes of about '1/l00'of an inch and then drawn down through '.a suitable draw plate to smaller sizes suitable for use in lamps operative'on commercial voltages.
- the next step in my process consiststin the removal of the mercury and cadmium from the wire to leave a filament of pure refractory metal. This may be done by heating it in ,a vacuum, or in a hydrogen atmosphere. I find it desirable to heat the wires slowly to prevent -a sudden distillation of the "cadmium and mercury from the wire. When thus gradually heated, a tpart of the mercur seems to pass ofi firstfand is followed y a mixture of cadmium and mercury, until the tungsten or other refractory metal has been completely freed from the other metallic components of the original squirted wire.
- a ductile wire composed of an amalgram impregnated with finely divided reactory metal.
- a conducting wire consisting. of finely divided refractory metal the particles of which are cemented together with an amal am.
- the composition of matter consisting of a mixture of cadmium amalgam and a powdered refractory metal.
- composition of matter consisting of an fmalgam impregnated with tung- In witness whereof, I have hereunto set sten. my hand this 8th day of May, 1906.
- composition of matter consisting1 of cadmium amalgam and finely divide WILLIAM D. COOLIDGE. 5 tungsten. 1 A
- a wire com osed of powdered material witnesseses: mixed with end eld in place by a cadmium BENJAMIN B. HULL, mercury alloy. HELEN 0121 0121).
Description
' noeasee.
snares earner QFFE w nner: 1). ooonrnea, or SQHENEC'IADY, NEW roan, assienon 'ro GENERAL nnncrnrc COMPANY, n CORPORATION or NEW roux.
METAL FILAMENT.
Ho Drawing.
Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed ma a, 1905. Serial No. 316,006.
Patenteollt/lay 41, 1912.
of filaments suitable for use in incandescent electric lamps.
Various refractory metals, such as tungsten and molybdenum, have heretofore been proposed for use in incandescent lamps, but difiiculty has been experienced in shaping the metal into filaments of suitable length and cross-section. These refractory metals are usually obtained as fine powders, and
some special process must be resorted to in producmg lamp filaments therefrom.
According to this invention an amalgam is used to bind the particles of refractory metal together and to make a semi-plastic mass which ma be squirted or otherwise shaped into WIIBSI which on subsequent treatment may be converted into lamp filaments containing nothing but. the refractory metal.
Although my process is applicable to the treatment of varlous refractory metals and materials such as tungsten, molybdenum, boron, zirconium, titan1um,,etc.,-I will explainlthe process as applied to the treatment of tungsten, and it is to be understood that the process is. also applicable to other refractory metals, elements and'compounds.
An amalgam is made by melting together cadmium and mercury in about equal parts by weight. This amalgam fuses at a low temperature and can readily be made very uniform in composition. Tothis amalgam is added the refractory metal, such as tungsten, in a finely divided condition. The tungsten is thoroughly rubbed into" the amalgam while the latter is at such a temperature as to be plastic, in any-suitable way, as with a pestle in an ordinarychemists mortar. do not think that the tungsten unites chemically with the cadmium amalgam or that a tungsten alloy of any kind is formed. I believe that the mixture is merely a mechanical one in which the cadmium amalgam serves as a blndmg material to hold together the particles of finely divided tungsten. I consider it advisable to add tungsten until the. mixture contains about per cent. by weight of tungsten.
.The mixture of tungsten and cadmium amalgam is then squirted warm through a die and comes out as a silver white ductile wire. It can be squirted in sizes of-small diameter, or it can be squirted in sizes of about '1/l00'of an inch and then drawn down through '.a suitable draw plate to smaller sizes suitable for use in lamps operative'on commercial voltages.
The next step in my process consiststin the removal of the mercury and cadmium from the wire to leave a filament of pure refractory metal. This may be done by heating it in ,a vacuum, or in a hydrogen atmosphere. I find it desirable to heat the wires slowly to prevent -a sudden distillation of the "cadmium and mercury from the wire. When thus gradually heated, a tpart of the mercur seems to pass ofi firstfand is followed y a mixture of cadmium and mercury, until the tungsten or other refractory metal has been completely freed from the other metallic components of the original squirted wire.
I cons1der it desirable to heat the wire during the distillation just described by current passed through the. wire, and when the distillation is substantially'complete I increase the current to sinter the particles of tungsten together and produce a strong, compact filament. I
In certain of the claims appended hereto Ihave used the word metal, but I desire it to be understood that this term is used in the popular sense of either a metallic element, an alloy, or a metallic mixture.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,
1. A ductile wire composed of an amalgram impregnated with finely divided reactory metal. 2. A conducting wire consisting. of finely divided refractory metal the particles of which are cemented together with an amal am. 3. The composition of matter consisting of a mixture of cadmium amalgam and a powdered refractory metal.
4. ,The composition of matter consisting of an fmalgam impregnated with tung- In witness whereof, I have hereunto set sten. my hand this 8th day of May, 1906.
5. The composition of matter consisting1 of cadmium amalgam and finely divide WILLIAM D. COOLIDGE. 5 tungsten. 1 A
6. A wire com osed of powdered material Witnesses: mixed with end eld in place by a cadmium BENJAMIN B. HULL, mercury alloy. HELEN 0121 0121).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US31600606A US1026383A (en) | 1906-05-09 | 1906-05-09 | Metal filament. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US31600606A US1026383A (en) | 1906-05-09 | 1906-05-09 | Metal filament. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1026383A true US1026383A (en) | 1912-05-14 |
Family
ID=3094678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US31600606A Expired - Lifetime US1026383A (en) | 1906-05-09 | 1906-05-09 | Metal filament. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1026383A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2622024A (en) * | 1950-06-08 | 1952-12-16 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of controlling the density of sintered compacts |
| US3188735A (en) * | 1960-06-27 | 1965-06-15 | Laske Hans | Method for producing very thin and bright metal wires and profiles |
| US3973059A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1976-08-03 | Brunswick Corporation | Method of making metal flocked fabric |
-
1906
- 1906-05-09 US US31600606A patent/US1026383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2622024A (en) * | 1950-06-08 | 1952-12-16 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of controlling the density of sintered compacts |
| US3188735A (en) * | 1960-06-27 | 1965-06-15 | Laske Hans | Method for producing very thin and bright metal wires and profiles |
| US3973059A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1976-08-03 | Brunswick Corporation | Method of making metal flocked fabric |
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