EP3088606A1 - Disintegratable brown sack paper - Google Patents
Disintegratable brown sack paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3088606A1 EP3088606A1 EP15165614.7A EP15165614A EP3088606A1 EP 3088606 A1 EP3088606 A1 EP 3088606A1 EP 15165614 A EP15165614 A EP 15165614A EP 3088606 A1 EP3088606 A1 EP 3088606A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- sack
- pulp
- less
- iso
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 148
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 11
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkyl succinic anhydride Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/08—Mechanical or thermomechanical pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/10—Mixtures of chemical and mechanical pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/32—Bleaching agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/10—Packing paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of sack paper and the production thereof.
- the paper sacks often need to hold a considerable material weight, which requires high tensile strength.
- Kraft paper is a suitable sack wall material.
- the sacks typically have two or more walls, i.e. layers of paper material, to further strengthen the sack construction.
- a wall layer of a sack is often referred to as a ply. Production of ply material (i.e. sack paper) is for example disclosed in WO 99/02772 .
- GB2448486 discusses a dissolvable bag made from paper or another soluble materials, to contain building materials requiring mixing, such as cement, lime or plaster. It is stated that the dissolvable bag can be directly added to the mixer where the bag rapidly dissolves when water is added, which reduces spillage, wastage, mess and exposure to the building products. The packs are placed together in a waterproof wrapping to ensure the product stays dry whilst stored or in transit.
- WO 2004052746 suggests spray or dip-coating the whole exterior of already filled bags with a non-permeable, waterproof coating. It is further suggested to place the bag in a mixer also containing a quantity of water, wherein resulting ingress of water into the bag causes a water-soluble inner layer of the bag to dissolve, thereby allowing the waterproof exterior of the bag to disintegrate within the mix.
- WO 2004052746 fails to device any materials for the inner and outer layer of the bag.
- US 2011/0315272 states that a sack that dissolves in a moist environment can be obtained by using a dextrin adhesive for gluing the folded ends of the sack. Folding and gluing patterns for the ends are also discussed. A moisture barrier in the sack is not discussed.
- JP5085565A suggests that a cement sack that can be added directly to a mixer is composed of a water-soluble material, such as PVOH, having a thickness of 20-70 ⁇ m.
- FR2874598 discloses a similar solution.
- Brown (i.e. unbleached) sack paper is often stronger than white (i.e. bleached) sack paper. Further, brown paper may be preferred over white paper as the bleaching process may be associated with significant costs and environmental concerns. Further, bleaching may lower the yield.
- the present inventors have addressed the need for a disintegratable brown sack paper, i.e. a paper for a sack that can be added together with its contents, such as cement, to a mixer and then disintegrates in the mixer.
- brown prior art sack papers such as the brown sack paper produced according to WO 99/02772 or the brown qualities of BillerudKorsnäs' commercial sack paper QuickFill®, are not sufficiently disintergratable.
- the inventors have found that the disintegratability of a brown sack paper can be significantly improved by adding bleached pulp to the unbleached pulp used for manufacturing the brown sack paper.
- a "sack paper” is a paper that is intended for a paper sack, such as a paper sack for a hydraulic binder.
- the hydraulic binder of the present disclosure is for use in a hydraulic composition. Examples of hydraulic compositions are discussed below.
- the paper sack should vent air during filling.
- the air that accompanies powdered material shall efficiently vent from the sack as the filling machines that delivers the material run at high throughput rates.
- the venting capability of the sack is the actual limiting factor for the filling rate.
- Efficient venting also prevents that air is trapped in the sack and causes under-weight packs, sack rupture and problems when sacks are stacked for transportation.
- the only way for air to escape from the interior of the sack is, in many sack constructions, through the inner wall/ply of the sack. For the air that has passed the inner wall/ply, the prior art provides various alternatives for the further escape.
- the outer ply is porous to facilitate the further escape.
- the sack paper of the present disclosure which is primarily intended for an inner ply, but also can be used for an outer ply, has a lower air resistance (or a higher porosity) than many other types of paper.
- the sack comprising the sack paper of the first aspect is normally a valve sack.
- Gurley is a measurement of the time (s) taken for 100 ml of air to pass through a specified area of a paper sheet. Short time means highly porous paper.
- the sack paper of the present disclosure has a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s. Preferably, it is less than 20 s. In some embodiments, it is lower than 15 s, such as lower than 10 s, such as lower than 8 s, 7 s or 6 s.
- a sack paper having a Gurley porosity below 2 or 3 s often has an insufficient strength. Therefore, the Gurley porosity of the sack paper of the present disclosure is preferably at least 2 or 3 s. In some embodiments, it is at least 4 s.
- Typical Gurley porosity ranges for the present disclosure are thus 3-15 s, preferably 4-10 s, such as 4-8 s, 4-7 s or 4-6.5 s.
- the method of the first aspect comprises the step of:
- the unbleached pulp is preferably a chemical pulp.
- the reason for selecting a chemical pulp is that it generally results in stronger paper than recycled pulp or mechanical pulp.
- the chemical pulp may for example be Kraft pulp or sulfite pulp. Kraft pulp is the most preferred option. As well known by the skilled person, Kraft pulp is produced by the Kraft process.
- a chemical pulp contains much less lignin than mechanical pulps.
- a chemical pulp may contain less than 5 % lignin before bleaching, compared to about 40 % for a mechanical pulp. The inventors have found that a reduction in lignin content generally improves the disintegratability.
- the Kappa number of the unbleached chemical pulp may for example be 45-60.
- a benefit of preparing a pulp having such a relatively high Kappa number is a relatively high yield.
- a relatively low Kappa number (i.e. 20-45) of the unbleached pulp may also allow for a relatively low proportion of bleached pulp in the pulp mixture, i.e. a ratio between 7:1 and 1.5:1.
- the Kappa number may be measured according to SCAN-C 1:00 or ISO 302:2004.
- the bleached pulp is chemical pulp, such as Kraft pulp or sulfite pulp.
- chemical pulp such as Kraft pulp or sulfite pulp.
- the benefits of selecting a chemical pulp are a relatively strong paper and relatively low Kappa numbers after the cooking process.
- the Kappa number of the bleached pulp is preferably less than 10, such as less than 7, such as less than 4, such as less than 2.
- the inventors believe that, at least to some extent, lower Kappa numbers in the bleached pulp are associated with an increased disintegratability of the final sack paper.
- the brightness of a pulp is a measure of the degree of bleaching. As for the Kappa number, the inventors believe that, at least to some extent, higher brightness of the bleached pulp is associated with an increased disintegratability of the final sack paper.
- the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp may thus be at least 60, for example. It may be preferred if the ISO brightness of the bleached pulp is at least 70. In some embodiments, it may be at least 80 or 85. From an economical and environmental perspective it may however be preferred not to bleach as far as to an ISO brightness of 80 or 85. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the ISO brightness is less than 85, such as 50-80.
- a sheet is formed from the bleached pulp to facilitate the measurement of its ISO brightness.
- the unbleached pulp and/or the bleached pulp of the present disclosure may comprise at least 50 % (based on dry weight) softwood pulp.
- the proportion of softwood pulp may for example be at least 75 % or 90 % (based on dry weight) of the unbleached pulp and/or the bleached pulp.
- the method of the first aspect may further comprise a bleaching process to prepare the bleached pulp.
- a bleaching process may for example comprise oxygen delignification.
- the oxygen delignification may for example be the first step of the bleaching process. Accordingly, pulp from a cooking process may be subjected to the oxygen delignification. Such pulp, which leaves the cooking process and is subjected to the oxygen delignification, may for example have a Kappa number below 45, such as 20-40 before the oxygen delignification.
- the cooking process used in the preparation of the bleached pulp may for example result in a lower Kappa number than the cooking process used in the preparation of the unbleached pulp.
- the bleaching process may comprise one of more of the following steps (which are all well known to the skilled person):
- the bleaching process comprises O and at least two or three of D, Z, E, P, PAA and Y.
- the pulps i.e. the unbleached pulp and the bleached pulp
- the pulps are mixed in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1, preferably between 6:1 and 1:1, such as between 5:1 and 1:1, such as between 4:1 and 1:1, such as between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- the method of the first aspect further comprises the step of:
- Step b) usually comprise the normal operations for forming a paper from a pulp, such as forming a web on a wire in a wire section, pressing the web in a press section and drying the web in a drying section.
- the sack paper obtained in step b) is still considered to be brown sack paper. Accordingly, the ISO brightness of the sack paper is preferably less than 30, such as less than 25, such as less than 22.
- Paper properties of sack paper are often measured in the machine direction (MD) and in the cross direction (CD), since there may be significant differences in the properties, depending on the orientated fibre flow out of the headbox on the paper machine.
- the index of a certain property is calculated by dividing the actual value by the grammage for the paper in question.
- the grammage (sometimes referred to as basis weight) is measured by weight and surface area, e.g. according to ISO 536.
- the tensile strength is the maximum force that a paper will withstand before breaking. In the standard test ISO 1924-3, a stripe of 15 mm width and 100 mm length is used with a constant rate of elongation. The tensile strength is one parameter in the measurement of the tensile energy absorption (TEA). In the same test, the tensile strength, the stretch and the TEA value are obtained.
- TEA tensile energy absorption
- TEA is sometimes considered to be the paper property that best represents the relevant strength of the paper sack wall. This is supported by the correlation between TEA and drop tests. By dropping a sack the filling goods will move when reaching the floor. This movement strains the sack wall. To withstand the strain, the TEA should be high, which means that a combination of high tensile strength and good stretch in the paper absorbs the energy.
- the grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is normally in the range of 50 to 140 g/m 2 . Generally, it is preferred to add another paper ply in a sack instead of increasing the grammage of a ply above 140 g/m 2 .
- the grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is 50-130 g/m 2 , such as 60-120 g/m 2 , such as 60-110 g/m 2 , such as 70-110 g/m 2 , such as 75-100 g/m 2 .
- the geometric TEA index (ISO 1924-3) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is preferably at least 2 J/g.
- it may be at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.8 J/g, such as at least 3.2 J/g.
- step b) comprises crêping.
- the disintegratability may be improved by decreasing the amount of hydrophobic size, such as alkylketene dimer (AKD), alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA) and/or rosin size, added in the method.
- the amount of hydrophobic size added in the process is less than 2 kg/ton paper.
- the amount may be less than 1.5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 1 kg/ton paper, such as less than 0.5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 0.3 kg/ton paper.
- no hydrophobic size is added in the method.
- the disintegratability may be improved by minimizing the amount of starch.
- the amount of starch added in the process is less than 11 kg/ton paper, such as less than 9 kg/ton paper, such as less than 7 kg/ton paper, such as less than 5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 4 kg/ton paper.
- the minimum amount of starch added may for example be at least 1 kg/ton paper, such as at least 2 kg/ton paper, such as at least 3 kg/ton paper.
- starch comprises starch of any charge.
- kg/ton paper refers to kg per ton of dried paper from the paper making process. Such dried paper normally has a dry matter content (w/w) of 90-95 %.
- a sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s composed of a mixture of unbleached fibers and an bleached fibers, wherein the dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1.
- the sack paper of the second aspect may be manufactured using the method of the first aspect. Accordingly, the embodiments and examples of the first aspect apply mutatis mutandis to the second aspect.
- a sack for a hydraulic binder such as cement, comprising a ply composed of the sack paper of the second aspect.
- the sack of the present disclosure is normally a valve sack.
- the sack may for example be a multiple-ply sack comprising an inner ply composed of the sack paper according to the second aspect.
- each paper ply may for example have a grammage of 50-100 g/m 2 , such as 60-90 g/m 2 .
- the multiple-ply sack may further comprise an outer ply composed of a white sack paper.
- a white sack paper for the purpose is described in the patent application EP14175729.4 .
- such a white sack paper comprises a moisture barrier coating.
- Various moisture barriers are known to the skilled person.
- the coat weight of the moisture barrier coating may for example be 5-30 g/m 2 .
- the moisture barrier properties may be considered to be sufficient when the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR, ISO 2528, measured at 38 °C and 90 % relative humidity (tropic climate)) is less than 1400 g/m 2* 24h, preferably less than 1200 g/m2*24h.
- the WVTR of sack paper comprising a moisture barrier may be 700-1200 g/m 2* 24h.
- the white sack paper forming the outer ply is disintegratable, also when it is provided with a moisture barrier coating.
- An example of such a coated paper is described in the patent application EP14175736.9 .
- the sack may comprise a top end formed by folding and gluing the ply material such that a portion of the top end is not sealed by the gluing.
- the folding and gluing is such that air may escape through the non-sealed portion during filling of the sack with the hydraulic binder.
- such a sack is designed such that air penetrates the innermost ply and then escapes through the non-sealed portion during filling at high throughput rates.
- the multiple-ply sack may comprise an outer ply composed of the sack paper according to the second aspect.
- all plies of the multiple-ply sack may be composed of sack paper according to the second aspect. From an economical perspective, it is beneficial if all the paper needed for a sack can be produced with a single paper making process.
- the volume of the sack of the present disclosure may for example be 8-45 liters, such as 15-45 liters.
- the sack of the present disclosure may for example contain a hydraulic binder, such as cement.
- the amount of the hydraulic binder may for example be 20-60 kg.
- 25 kg, 35 kg and 50 kg sacks are demanded on the market and may be prepared according to the present disclosure.
- the dimensions of a filled 25 kg sack may for example be 400x450x110 mm.
- a "25 kg sack" typically can be filled with about 17.4 liters of material, while a "50 kg sack” is typically can be filled with about 35 liters of material.
- sacks comprise a plastic film arranged between two paper plies of the sacks.
- a film which normally is composed of polyethylene, is often referred to as a "free film".
- a plastic free film disintegrates poorly in a cement mixer.
- the sack of the present disclosure does not comprise a plastic free film.
- a method of producing a hydraulic composition comprising adding water and a sack according to the present disclosure to a mixer and allowing the ply material of the sack to disintegrate during mixing in the mixer.
- the hydraulic composition is thus a mix comprising the hydraulic binder and water (often referred to as mixing water).
- the composition may for example further comprise one or more aggregates, one or more additives and/or one or more mineral additions.
- An example of an aggregate is sand, which may have different particle sizes.
- the hydraulic composition of the present disclosure is preferably a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
- the hydraulic composition is selected from a cement slurry, a mortar and a concrete.
- Fig 1 is a plot showing the disintegratability of various papers.
- Both pulps were softwood kraft pulps subjected to HC refining (about 120 kWh/ton) and LC refining (20 kWh/ton), to which starch (8 kg/ton), Fennosil 517 (0.25 kg/ton) and ASA size (1 kg/ton) had been added.
- the Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the unbleached pulp was 50.
- the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp was 90.
- the laboratory trial set-up was first evaluated and found to have a sufficient correlation with the full scale trial.
- the evaluation included a comparison, which in addition to showing the correlation, indicated that a reduction of the amount of starch added to the pulp improved the disintegratability (data not shown).
- the unbleached pulp was unbleached softwood kraft pulp subjected to HC refining (250 kWh/ton) and LC refining (18 kWh/ton).
- the Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the unbleached pulp was 50.
- the bleached pulp was bleached softwood kraft pulp subjected to HC refining (150 kWh/ton) and LC refining (16 kWh/ton).
- the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp was 90.
Abstract
The is provided a method of manufacturing a sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s, comprising the steps of:
a) mixing an unbleached pulp with a bleached pulp to obtain a pulp mixture in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1; and
b) forming the sack paper from said pulp mixture.
a) mixing an unbleached pulp with a bleached pulp to obtain a pulp mixture in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1; and
b) forming the sack paper from said pulp mixture.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to the field of sack paper and the production thereof.
- During filling and storage of powdery material, such as cement, paper sacks are normally required to meet high standards.
- The paper sacks often need to hold a considerable material weight, which requires high tensile strength. For this purpose, Kraft paper is a suitable sack wall material. The sacks typically have two or more walls, i.e. layers of paper material, to further strengthen the sack construction. A wall layer of a sack is often referred to as a ply. Production of ply material (i.e. sack paper) is for example disclosed in
WO 99/02772 - Traditionally, construction workers have opened the cements sacks and added their contents to a mixer. However, some alternative solutions have been suggested.
-
GB2448486 -
WO 2004052746 suggests spray or dip-coating the whole exterior of already filled bags with a non-permeable, waterproof coating. It is further suggested to place the bag in a mixer also containing a quantity of water, wherein resulting ingress of water into the bag causes a water-soluble inner layer of the bag to dissolve, thereby allowing the waterproof exterior of the bag to disintegrate within the mix.WO 2004052746 fails to device any materials for the inner and outer layer of the bag. -
US 2011/0315272 states that a sack that dissolves in a moist environment can be obtained by using a dextrin adhesive for gluing the folded ends of the sack. Folding and gluing patterns for the ends are also discussed. A moisture barrier in the sack is not discussed. -
JP5085565A FR2874598 - Brown (i.e. unbleached) sack paper is often stronger than white (i.e. bleached) sack paper. Further, brown paper may be preferred over white paper as the bleaching process may be associated with significant costs and environmental concerns. Further, bleaching may lower the yield.
- The present inventors have addressed the need for a disintegratable brown sack paper, i.e. a paper for a sack that can be added together with its contents, such as cement, to a mixer and then disintegrates in the mixer.
- Accordingly, it would not be necessary to open such a sack and empty its contents into the mixer. As the sacks are heavy and the contents dusty, the working environment of construction workers could be significantly improved.
- Further, the inventors have realized that brown prior art sack papers, such as the brown sack paper produced according to
WO 99/02772 - It is thus an object of the present disclosure to provide a brown sack paper that, after being formed into a ply of a sack that is filled with contents and added to a cement mixer together with the contents and water, disintegrates in the cement mixer.
- The inventors have found that the disintegratability of a brown sack paper can be significantly improved by adding bleached pulp to the unbleached pulp used for manufacturing the brown sack paper.
- The following itemized listing presents various embodiments of the present disclosure.
- 1. A method of manufacturing a sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s, comprising the steps of:
- a) mixing an unbleached pulp with a bleached pulp to obtain a pulp mixture in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1; and
- b) forming the sack paper from said pulp mixture.
- 2. The method of item 1, wherein the Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of the sack paper is less than 20 s, such as less than 15 s, such as less than 10 s, such as less than 8 s, such as less than 7 s, such as less than 6 s.
- 3. The method of item 1 or 2, wherein the Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the bleached pulp is less than 10, such as less than 7, such as less than 4, such as less than 2.
- 4. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp is at least 60, such as at least 70, such as at least 80, such as at least 85.
- 5. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the unbleached pulp is less than 70, such as less than 60, such as less than 55, such as less than 50, such as less than 40, such as less than 35.
- 6. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of sack paper is less than 30, such as less than 25, such as less than 22.
- 7. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 6:1 and 1:1, such as between 5:1 and 1:1, such as between 4:1 and 1:1, such as between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- 8. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the geometric tensile energy absorption index (ISO 1924-3) of the sack paper is at least 2 J/g, such as at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.8 J/g, such as at least 3.2 J/g.
- 9. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper is 50-140 g/m2, such as 60-120 g/m2, such as 60-110 g/m2, such as 70-110 g/m2, such as 75-100 g/m2.
- 10. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the unbleached pulp is a chemical pulp, such as a Kraft pulp.
- 11. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein the bleached pulp is a chemical pulp, such as a Kraft pulp.
- 12. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein at least 50 %, such as at least 60 %, 70 %, 80 % or 90 %, of the dry weight of the unbleached pulp is softwood pulp.
- 13. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein at least 50 %, such as at least 60 %, 70 %, 80 % or 90 %, of the dry weight of the bleached pulp is softwood pulp.
- 14. The method of any one of the preceding items, further comprising a bleaching process to prepare the bleached pulp.
- 15. The method of item 14, wherein the bleaching process comprises oxygen delignification.
- 16. The method of
item 15, wherein the pulp subjected to oxygen delignification has a Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) below 60, such as below 45, such as 20-40. - 17. The method of any one items 14-16, wherein the bleaching process comprises ozone bleaching.
- 18. The method of any one items 14-17, wherein the bleaching process comprises chlorine dioxide bleaching
- 19. The method of any one items 14-18, wherein the bleaching process comprises alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching and/or peracetic acid (PAA) bleaching.
- 20. The method of any one items 14-19, wherein the bleaching process comprises alkali extraction, such as extraction with sodium hydroxide.
- 21. The method of any one items 14-20, wherein the bleaching process comprises bleaching with sodium dithionite.
- 22. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein step b) comprises crêping.
- 23. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein less than 2.0 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- 24. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein less than 1.5 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- 25. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein less than 1.0 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- 26. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein less than 0.5 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- 27. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein less than 0.3 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- 28. The method of any one of the preceding items, wherein starch is added in an amount of 1-11 kg/ton paper, such as 1-9 kg/ton paper, such as 1-7 kg/ton paper, such as 1-5 kg/ton paper, such as 2-5 kg/ton paper.
- 29. A sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s composed of a mixture of unbleached fibers and bleached fibers, wherein the dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1.
- 30. The sack paper of item 29, wherein the Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) is less than 20 s, such as less than 15 s, such as less than 10 s, such as less than 8 s, such as less than 7 s, such as less than 6 s.
- 31. The sack paper of any one of items 29-30, wherein the ISO brightness of sack paper is less than 30, such as less than 25, such as less than 22.
- 32. The sack paper of any one of items 29-31, wherein dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 6:1 and 1:1, such as between 5:1 and 1:1, such as between 4:1 and 1:1, such as between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- 33. The sack paper of any one of items 29-32, wherein the geometric tensile energy absorption index (ISO 1924-3) of the sack paper is at least 2 J/g, such as at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.8 J/g, such as at least 3.2 J/g.
- 34. The sack paper of any one of items 29-33, wherein the grammage (ISO 536) is 50-140 g/m2, such as 60-120 g/m2, such as 60-110 g/m2, such as 70-110 g/m2, such as 75-100 g/m2.
- 35. The sack paper of any one of items 29-34, wherein the sack paper is creped.
- 36. The sack paper of any one of items 29-35, obtained from a papermaking process in which less than 2 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size was added.
- 37. The sack paper of any one of items 29-36, obtained from a papermaking process in which less than 1.5 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size was added.
- 38. The sack paper of any one of items 29-37, obtained from a papermaking process in which less than 1.0 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size was added.
- 39. The sack paper of any one of items 29-38, obtained from a papermaking process in which less than 0.5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 0.3 kg/ton paper, of hydrophobic size was added.
- 40. The sack paper of any one of items 29-39, which contains no hydrophobic size.
- 41. The sack paper of any one of items 29-40, obtained from a papermaking process in which starch was added in an amount of 1-9 kg/ton paper, such as 1-7 kg/ton paper, such as 1-5 kg/ton paper, such as 2-5 kg/ton paper.
- 42. A sack for a hydraulic binder, such as cement, comprising a ply composed of the sack paper according to any one of items 29-41.
- 43. A multiple-ply sack for a hydraulic binder, such as cement, comprising an inner ply composed of the sack paper according to any one of items 29-41.
- 44. The multiple-ply sack according to item 43, further comprising an outer ply composed of a white sack paper.
- 45. The multiple-ply sack according to item 44, wherein the white sack paper comprises a moisture barrier coating.
- 46. The multiple-ply sack according to item 43, further comprising an outer ply composed of the sack paper according to any one of items 29-41.
- 47. The sack according to any one of items 42-46 containing a hydraulic binder, such as cement.
- 48. The sack according to item 47, wherein the amount of the hydraulic binder is 20-60 kg.
- 49. A method of producing a hydraulic composition, comprising adding water and the sack according to any one of items 47-48 to a mixer and allowing the ply material of the sack to disintegrate during mixing in the mixer.
- As a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of manufacturing a sack paper. A "sack paper" is a paper that is intended for a paper sack, such as a paper sack for a hydraulic binder. The hydraulic binder of the present disclosure is for use in a hydraulic composition. Examples of hydraulic compositions are discussed below.
- The paper sack should vent air during filling. In detail, the air that accompanies powdered material shall efficiently vent from the sack as the filling machines that delivers the material run at high throughput rates. Often, the venting capability of the sack is the actual limiting factor for the filling rate. Efficient venting also prevents that air is trapped in the sack and causes under-weight packs, sack rupture and problems when sacks are stacked for transportation. During the filling process, the only way for air to escape from the interior of the sack is, in many sack constructions, through the inner wall/ply of the sack. For the air that has passed the inner wall/ply, the prior art provides various alternatives for the further escape. In some sacks, also the outer ply is porous to facilitate the further escape. From the above, it is understood that the sack paper of the present disclosure, which is primarily intended for an inner ply, but also can be used for an outer ply, has a lower air resistance (or a higher porosity) than many other types of paper.
- Further, it is understood from the discussion above that the sack comprising the sack paper of the first aspect is normally a valve sack.
- The air resistance according to Gurley (ISO 5636-5) is a measurement of the time (s) taken for 100 ml of air to pass through a specified area of a paper sheet. Short time means highly porous paper.
- The sack paper of the present disclosure has a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s. Preferably, it is less than 20 s. In some embodiments, it is lower than 15 s, such as lower than 10 s, such as lower than 8 s, 7 s or 6 s. A sack paper having a Gurley porosity below 2 or 3 s often has an insufficient strength. Therefore, the Gurley porosity of the sack paper of the present disclosure is preferably at least 2 or 3 s. In some embodiments, it is at least 4 s. Typical Gurley porosity ranges for the present disclosure are thus 3-15 s, preferably 4-10 s, such as 4-8 s, 4-7 s or 4-6.5 s.
- The method of the first aspect comprises the step of:
- a) mixing an unbleached pulp with a bleached pulp to obtain a pulp mixture.
- The unbleached pulp is preferably a chemical pulp. The reason for selecting a chemical pulp is that it generally results in stronger paper than recycled pulp or mechanical pulp. The chemical pulp may for example be Kraft pulp or sulfite pulp. Kraft pulp is the most preferred option. As well known by the skilled person, Kraft pulp is produced by the Kraft process.
- Another benefit of selecting a chemical pulp is that it contains much less lignin than mechanical pulps. For example, a chemical pulp may contain less than 5 % lignin before bleaching, compared to about 40 % for a mechanical pulp. The inventors have found that a reduction in lignin content generally improves the disintegratability.
- The Kappa number of the unbleached chemical pulp may for example be 45-60. A benefit of preparing a pulp having such a relatively high Kappa number is a relatively high yield. However, it may be beneficial to increase the duration of the cooking process to produce a pulp having a lower Kappa number, such as a Kappa number of 20-45 or 25-40. Even though longer cooking times decrease the yield, they may still be beneficial as the present inventors have realized that lower Kappa numbers in the unbleached pulp of the method of the first aspect are generally associated with improved disintegratability of the final sack paper. A relatively low Kappa number (i.e. 20-45) of the unbleached pulp may also allow for a relatively low proportion of bleached pulp in the pulp mixture, i.e. a ratio between 7:1 and 1.5:1.
- The Kappa number may be measured according to SCAN-C 1:00 or ISO 302:2004.
- It is also preferred that the bleached pulp is chemical pulp, such as Kraft pulp or sulfite pulp. As for the unbleached pulp, the benefits of selecting a chemical pulp are a relatively strong paper and relatively low Kappa numbers after the cooking process.
- The Kappa number of the bleached pulp is preferably less than 10, such as less than 7, such as less than 4, such as less than 2. The inventors believe that, at least to some extent, lower Kappa numbers in the bleached pulp are associated with an increased disintegratability of the final sack paper.
- The brightness of a pulp is a measure of the degree of bleaching. As for the Kappa number, the inventors believe that, at least to some extent, higher brightness of the bleached pulp is associated with an increased disintegratability of the final sack paper. The ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp may thus be at least 60, for example. It may be preferred if the ISO brightness of the bleached pulp is at least 70. In some embodiments, it may be at least 80 or 85. From an economical and environmental perspective it may however be preferred not to bleach as far as to an ISO brightness of 80 or 85. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the ISO brightness is less than 85, such as 50-80.
- As understood by the skilled person, a sheet is formed from the bleached pulp to facilitate the measurement of its ISO brightness.
- Softwood pulps are generally associated with long fibers that result in strong paper. Therefore, the unbleached pulp and/or the bleached pulp of the present disclosure may comprise at least 50 % (based on dry weight) softwood pulp. The proportion of softwood pulp may for example be at least 75 % or 90 % (based on dry weight) of the unbleached pulp and/or the bleached pulp.
- As understood from the discussion above, the method of the first aspect may further comprise a bleaching process to prepare the bleached pulp. Such a bleaching process may for example comprise oxygen delignification.
- The oxygen delignification may for example be the first step of the bleaching process. Accordingly, pulp from a cooking process may be subjected to the oxygen delignification. Such pulp, which leaves the cooking process and is subjected to the oxygen delignification, may for example have a Kappa number below 45, such as 20-40 before the oxygen delignification.
- Accordingly, the cooking process used in the preparation of the bleached pulp may for example result in a lower Kappa number than the cooking process used in the preparation of the unbleached pulp.
- Alternatively, the same cooking process is used in the preparation of both pulps.
- As a complement or alternative to the oxygen delignification ("O"), the bleaching process may comprise one of more of the following steps (which are all well known to the skilled person):
- chlorine dioxide bleaching ("D")
- ozone bleaching ("Z");
- extraction with sodium hydroxide ("E");
- alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching ("P");
- peracetic acid bleaching ("PAA"); and
- bleaching with sodium dithionite (a.k.a. sodium hydrosulfite) ("Y").
- In one embodiment, the bleaching process comprises O and at least two or three of D, Z, E, P, PAA and Y.
- In step a) of the method of the first aspect, the pulps (i.e. the unbleached pulp and the bleached pulp) are mixed in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1, preferably between 6:1 and 1:1, such as between 5:1 and 1:1, such as between 4:1 and 1:1, such as between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- If the proportion of bleached pulp is too low, the disintegratability of the resulting paper will be too low. If however the proportion of bleached pulp is too high, the production costs may be too high.
- The method of the first aspect further comprises the step of:
- b) forming the sack paper from said pulp mixture.
- Step b) usually comprise the normal operations for forming a paper from a pulp, such as forming a web on a wire in a wire section, pressing the web in a press section and drying the web in a drying section.
- The sack paper obtained in step b) is still considered to be brown sack paper. Accordingly, the ISO brightness of the sack paper is preferably less than 30, such as less than 25, such as less than 22.
- Paper properties of sack paper are often measured in the machine direction (MD) and in the cross direction (CD), since there may be significant differences in the properties, depending on the orientated fibre flow out of the headbox on the paper machine.
- To obtain the index of a certain property, it is calculated by dividing the actual value by the grammage for the paper in question.
- The grammage (sometimes referred to as basis weight) is measured by weight and surface area, e.g. according to ISO 536.
- The tensile strength is the maximum force that a paper will withstand before breaking. In the standard test ISO 1924-3, a stripe of 15 mm width and 100 mm length is used with a constant rate of elongation. The tensile strength is one parameter in the measurement of the tensile energy absorption (TEA). In the same test, the tensile strength, the stretch and the TEA value are obtained.
- TEA is sometimes considered to be the paper property that best represents the relevant strength of the paper sack wall. This is supported by the correlation between TEA and drop tests. By dropping a sack the filling goods will move when reaching the floor. This movement strains the sack wall. To withstand the strain, the TEA should be high, which means that a combination of high tensile strength and good stretch in the paper absorbs the energy.
- The grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is normally in the range of 50 to 140 g/m2. Generally, it is preferred to add another paper ply in a sack instead of increasing the grammage of a ply above 140 g/m2. Preferably, the grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is 50-130 g/m2, such as 60-120 g/m2, such as 60-110 g/m2, such as 70-110 g/m2, such as 75-100 g/m2.
- To take the TEA in both MD and CD into account, a geometric TEA may be calculated as the square root of the product TEA in MD and TEA in CD (TEA (geometric) = V(TEA (MD) * TEA (CD))).
- The geometric TEA index (ISO 1924-3) of the sack paper of the present disclosure is preferably at least 2 J/g. For example, it may be at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.8 J/g, such as at least 3.2 J/g.
- Crêping of paper improves stretchability and thereby the TEA index. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the method of the first aspect, step b) comprises crêping.
- The inventors have also realized that the disintegratability may be improved by decreasing the amount of hydrophobic size, such as alkylketene dimer (AKD), alkyl succinic anhydride (ASA) and/or rosin size, added in the method. In one embodiment, the amount of hydrophobic size added in the process is less than 2 kg/ton paper. For example, the amount may be less than 1.5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 1 kg/ton paper, such as less than 0.5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 0.3 kg/ton paper. In one embodiment, no hydrophobic size is added in the method.
- Further, the inventors have realized that the disintegratability may be improved by minimizing the amount of starch. In one embodiment, the amount of starch added in the process is less than 11 kg/ton paper, such as less than 9 kg/ton paper, such as less than 7 kg/ton paper, such as less than 5 kg/ton paper, such as less than 4 kg/ton paper. To still obtain sufficient strength, the minimum amount of starch added may for example be at least 1 kg/ton paper, such as at least 2 kg/ton paper, such as at least 3 kg/ton paper. Here, "starch" comprises starch of any charge.
- In the context of the present disclosure, "kg/ton paper" refers to kg per ton of dried paper from the paper making process. Such dried paper normally has a dry matter content (w/w) of 90-95 %.
- As a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s composed of a mixture of unbleached fibers and an bleached fibers, wherein the dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1.
- The sack paper of the second aspect may be manufactured using the method of the first aspect. Accordingly, the embodiments and examples of the first aspect apply mutatis mutandis to the second aspect.
- Further, there is provided a sack for a hydraulic binder, such as cement, comprising a ply composed of the sack paper of the second aspect.
- The sack of the present disclosure is normally a valve sack.
- The sack may for example be a multiple-ply sack comprising an inner ply composed of the sack paper according to the second aspect.
- In a multiple-ply valve sack, each paper ply may for example have a grammage of 50-100 g/m2, such as 60-90 g/m2.
- The multiple-ply sack may further comprise an outer ply composed of a white sack paper. An example of a suitable white sack paper for the purpose is described in the patent application
EP14175729.4 EP14175736.9 - When an outer ply is provided with a moisture barrier coating, it is often practically impermeable to air. To then achieve deaeration during filling, the sack may comprise a top end formed by folding and gluing the ply material such that a portion of the top end is not sealed by the gluing. In such an embodiment, the folding and gluing is such that air may escape through the non-sealed portion during filling of the sack with the hydraulic binder. Preferably, such a sack is designed such that air penetrates the innermost ply and then escapes through the non-sealed portion during filling at high throughput rates.
- Alternatively, the multiple-ply sack may comprise an outer ply composed of the sack paper according to the second aspect. For example, all plies of the multiple-ply sack may be composed of sack paper according to the second aspect. From an economical perspective, it is beneficial if all the paper needed for a sack can be produced with a single paper making process.
- The volume of the sack of the present disclosure may for example be 8-45 liters, such as 15-45 liters.
- The sack of the present disclosure may for example contain a hydraulic binder, such as cement. The amount of the hydraulic binder may for example be 20-60 kg. For example, 25 kg, 35 kg and 50 kg sacks are demanded on the market and may be prepared according to the present disclosure. The dimensions of a filled 25 kg sack may for example be 400x450x110 mm. A "25 kg sack" typically can be filled with about 17.4 liters of material, while a "50 kg sack" is typically can be filled with about 35 liters of material.
- To achieve protection against atmospheric water vapor penetration, many prior art sacks comprise a plastic film arranged between two paper plies of the sacks. Such a film, which normally is composed of polyethylene, is often referred to as a "free film". A plastic free film disintegrates poorly in a cement mixer. Hence it is preferred that the sack of the present disclosure does not comprise a plastic free film.
- As a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of producing a hydraulic composition, comprising adding water and a sack according to the present disclosure to a mixer and allowing the ply material of the sack to disintegrate during mixing in the mixer.
- The hydraulic composition is thus a mix comprising the hydraulic binder and water (often referred to as mixing water). The composition may for example further comprise one or more aggregates, one or more additives and/or one or more mineral additions. An example of an aggregate is sand, which may have different particle sizes. The hydraulic composition of the present disclosure is preferably a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime. In one embodiment, the hydraulic composition is selected from a cement slurry, a mortar and a concrete.
-
Fig 1 is a plot showing the disintegratability of various papers. - A full scale trial was carried out on paper machine 9 (PM9) at BillerudKorsnäs AB's mill in Skärblacka, Sweden. In the trial, the disintegratability of a paper obtained from a mixture of an unbleached pulp (43 wt.%) and a bleached pulp (57 wt.%) was compared to the disintegratability of a reference paper obtained from the unbleached pulp only. The grammage of the papers was 90 g/m2.
- Both pulps were softwood kraft pulps subjected to HC refining (about 120 kWh/ton) and LC refining (20 kWh/ton), to which starch (8 kg/ton), Fennosil 517 (0.25 kg/ton) and ASA size (1 kg/ton) had been added. The Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the unbleached pulp was 50. The ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp was 90.
- The disintegratability of the papers was tested according to the following protocol:
- 1. Cut paper (dry weight 30.0 g) into pieces of about 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm and add them to 21 of water having a temperature of 20 °C;
- 2. After 2 minutes, add the paper-water mixture to a laboratory defibrator (L&W);
- 3. Run 5000 revolutions;
- 4. Add the contents from the defibrator to a laboratory sieve equipment having sieve openings of 0.15 mm and run the sieve for 15 minutes;
- 5. After completed filtration, collect the retentate;
- 6. Dry the retentate at 105 °C;
- 7. Weigh the dried retentate; and
- 8. Calculate the disintegratability (%) using the formula ((30-w)/30)*100, wherein w is the weight (g) of the dried retentate.
- The Gurley porosity was also measured. The results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1. Unbleached pulp Bleached pulp Gurley (ISO 5636-5) Disintegratability Reference paper 100 wt.% 0 wt.% 5 s 30 % Inventive paper 57wt.% 43 wt.% 5.3 s 93 % - The laboratory trial set-up was first evaluated and found to have a sufficient correlation with the full scale trial. The evaluation included a comparison, which in addition to showing the correlation, indicated that a reduction of the amount of starch added to the pulp improved the disintegratability (data not shown).
- In the laboratory trials, bleached and unbleached pulps were obtained from paper mills. The unbleached pulp was unbleached softwood kraft pulp subjected to HC refining (250 kWh/ton) and LC refining (18 kWh/ton). The Kappa number (SCAN-C 1:00) of the unbleached pulp was 50. The bleached pulp was bleached softwood kraft pulp subjected to HC refining (150 kWh/ton) and LC refining (16 kWh/ton). The ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp was 90.
- Different pulps for sheet forming were prepared according to table 2 below. Laboratory sheets having a grammage of 80 g/m2 were prepared in a dynamic sheet former according to BillerudKorsnäs' internal method. The disintegratability of the sheets, which is also shown in table 2 below, was tested as in the full scale trial described above.
Table 2. Reference Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Unbleached pulp (wt.%) 100 100 90 68 55 Bleached pulp (wt.%) 0 0 10 32 45 Starch (kg/ton) 8 8 8 8 8 Fennosil 517 (kg/ton) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 ASA (kg/ton) 1 0 0 0 0 Disintegratability 41 % 60 % 62 % 88 % 96 % - From tables 1 and 2, it can be concluded that an addition of bleached pulp to unbleached pulp significantly improves the disintegratability of the resulting paper, in particular if the pulp mixture from which the paper is formed comprises more than 10 % bleached pulp, such as at least 20 % bleached pulp. Further, table 2 shows that the disintegratability is significantly improved by reducing the amount of ASA size (an hydrophobic size) added to the pulp.
- The results from tables 1 and 2 are also presented in
Fig 1 .
Claims (15)
- A method of manufacturing a sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s, comprising the steps of:a) mixing an unbleached pulp with a bleached pulp to obtain a pulp mixture in such proportions that the dry weight ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1; andb) forming the sack paper from said pulp mixture.
- The method of claim 1, wherein the Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of the sack paper is less than 20 s, such as less than 15 s, such as less than 10 s, such as less than 8 s, such as less than 7 s, such as less than 6 s.
- The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the ISO brightness (ISO 2470-1) of the bleached pulp is at least 60, such as at least 70, such as at least 80, such as at least 85.
- The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein ratio of unbleached pulp to bleached pulp in the pulp mixture is between 6:1 and 1:1, such as between 5:1 and 1:1, such as between 4:1 and 1:1, such as between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grammage (ISO 536) of the sack paper is 50-140 g/m2, such as 60-120 g/m2, such as 60-110 g/m2, such as 70-110 g/m2, such as 75-100 g/m2.
- The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein less than 1.0 kg/ton paper of hydrophobic size is added.
- The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein starch is added in an amount of 1-11 kg/ton paper, such as 1-9 kg/ton paper, such as 1-7 kg/ton paper, such as 1-5 kg/ton paper, such as 2-5 kg/ton paper.
- A sack paper having a Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) of less than 25 s composed of a mixture of unbleached fibers and bleached fibers, wherein the dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 7:1 and 1:1.
- The sack paper of claim 8, wherein the Gurley porosity (ISO 5636-5) is less than 20 s, such as less than 15 s, such as less than 10 s, such as less than 8 s, such as less than 7 s, such as less than 6 s.
- The sack paper of any one of claims 8-9, wherein dry weight ratio of unbleached fibers to bleached fibers in the mixture is between 3.5:1 and 1.1:1, such as between 3:1 and 1.2:1, such as between 2.8:1 and 1.3:1.
- The sack paper of any one of claims 8-10, wherein the grammage (ISO 536) is 50-140 g/m2, such as 60-120 g/m2, such as 60-110 g/m2, such as 70-110 g/m2, such as 75-100 g/m2.
- The sack paper of any one of claims 8-11, wherein the sack paper is creped.
- A sack for a hydraulic binder, such as cement, comprising a ply composed of the sack paper according to any one of claims 8-12.
- The sack according to claim 13 containing a hydraulic binder, such as cement.
- A method of producing a hydraulic composition, comprising adding water and the sack according to claim 14 to a mixer and allowing the ply material of the sack to disintegrate during mixing in the mixer.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15165614.7A EP3088606A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-04-29 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
PCT/EP2015/080949 WO2016173684A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
US15/570,717 US20180230653A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
CA2982799A CA2982799A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
EP15813459.3A EP3289140A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
RU2017134882A RU2691364C2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Brown bag paper capable of decomposition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15165614.7A EP3088606A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-04-29 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3088606A1 true EP3088606A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
Family
ID=53015652
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15165614.7A Withdrawn EP3088606A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-04-29 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
EP15813459.3A Pending EP3289140A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15813459.3A Pending EP3289140A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2015-12-22 | Disintegratable brown sack paper |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20180230653A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3088606A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2982799A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2691364C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016173684A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3795745A1 (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-03-24 | Mondi AG | Craft paper and paper bag made therefrom |
EP4101979A1 (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-14 | Mondi AG | Packaging paper and method for the production thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2963178B1 (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-06-29 | BillerudKorsnäs AB | Production of sack paper |
FR3113070A1 (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-04 | Vicat | Paper and packaging bag, water-repellent, intended for the packaging of various products |
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- 2015-04-29 EP EP15165614.7A patent/EP3088606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-22 US US15/570,717 patent/US20180230653A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-22 CA CA2982799A patent/CA2982799A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-22 RU RU2017134882A patent/RU2691364C2/en active
- 2015-12-22 WO PCT/EP2015/080949 patent/WO2016173684A1/en active Application Filing
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EP4101979A1 (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-14 | Mondi AG | Packaging paper and method for the production thereof |
EP4101980A1 (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-14 | Mondi AG | Packaging paper and method for the production thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2017134882A3 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
CA2982799A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
US20180230653A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
EP3289140A1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
RU2017134882A (en) | 2019-05-29 |
WO2016173684A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
RU2691364C2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
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