EP2618985A1 - Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the same - Google Patents
Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP2618985A1 EP2618985A1 EP11757164.6A EP11757164A EP2618985A1 EP 2618985 A1 EP2618985 A1 EP 2618985A1 EP 11757164 A EP11757164 A EP 11757164A EP 2618985 A1 EP2618985 A1 EP 2618985A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- barrier properties
- layer
- polymer
- layers
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004715 ethylene vinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a general shape other than plane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/03177—Fuel tanks made of non-metallic material, e.g. plastics, or of a combination of non-metallic and metallic material
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/04—Extrusion blow-moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/22—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or parisons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/10—Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
- B29C51/105—Twin sheet thermoforming, i.e. deforming two parallel opposing sheets or foils at the same time by using one common mould cavity and without welding them together during thermoforming
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
- B29K2023/0625—LLDPE, i.e. linear low density polyethylene
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
- B29K2023/0633—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
- B29K2023/0608—PE, i.e. polyethylene characterised by its density
- B29K2023/065—HDPE, i.e. high density polyethylene
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
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- B29K2023/086—EVOH, i.e. ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
-
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/16—EPM, i.e. ethylene-propylene copolymers; EPDM, i.e. ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers; EPT, i.e. ethylene-propylene terpolymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
-
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0032—Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0044—Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
- B29K2995/0067—Permeability to gases non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
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- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
Definitions
- Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the same The present invention relates to multilayer plastics items, encompassing at least two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and encompassing, located between the said two layers, and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, and also to a process for producing the same .
- Containers made of plastic are widely used nowadays for the transport and the storage of hazardous liquid and gaseous products, for reasons of chemical resistance, mechanical strength, good processability, specifically including processability in complex shaping processes, and low weight.
- fuel containers made of plastic have by way of example almost completely displaced the metallic fuel containers that were previously conventional.
- Portable or non-fixed containers such as, as for example, petrol canisters, bottles, drums and tanks for combustible liquids and the like are also nowadays almost exclusively produced from plastics.
- the particular advantage of plastics containers is especially found in the lower weight/volume ratio, the avoidance of corrosion problems, and low-cost production.
- impermeability to the liquids and/or gases located in the interior of the container/tank is essential.
- plastics containers nowadays have to comply with strict emission regulations in respect of permeability to hydrocarbons.
- Polyolefin resins e.g. polyethylenes, polypropylenes and copolymers thereof, have very good mouldability and processability together with high mechanical strength. However, their permeability to volatile non-polar organic substances, in particular hydrocarbons, is relatively high. It is therefore essential to provide appropriate treatment of containers for the transport and/or the storage of hazardous materials comprising hydrocarbons, for example petrol or diesel.
- the barrier properties of plastics containers made of these polyolefins can be considerably improved inter alia via fluorination, coating, or plasma polymerization.
- barrier layer (s) is/are necessarily applied on the inner and/or outer surface of the container, and thus has/have unprotected exposure to the effects of the environment. Separation and/or chemical alteration of the said barrier layer (s) can therefore occur as time passes, and this naturally leads to significant impairment of the barrier properties .
- the polymers usually used as polymers with barrier properties for example ethylene-vinyl copolymers and polyamides
- barrier properties for example ethylene-vinyl copolymers and polyamides
- the non-polar base materials such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes . Even if two layers of the said materials are coextruded and "adhere" to one another in the molten state, they separate into two spatially separate layers after the cooling process or earlier.
- Coextrusion is therefore used to introduce, between the layers made of the base materials made of low-cost polyolefins and the barrier layer made of the markedly more expensive barrier polymer, of which the layer thickness used is therefore also minimized, adhesion- promoting layers which ensure durable bonding of the otherwise incompatible polar and non-polar layers.
- Fuel containers in the motor-vehicle sector by way of example nowadays generally have a six-layer structure obtained by means of coextrusion, encompassing (from the inside of the container to the outside) a base layer made of "virgin” HDPE, a layer of ground material, comprising or consisting of recycled material, for example regrind (in essence likewise HDPE) , an adhesion-promoting layer, a barrier layer, another adhesion-promoting layer, and another layer made of "virgin” HDPE.
- a base layer made of "virgin” HDPE
- a layer of ground material comprising or consisting of recycled material, for example regrind (in essence likewise HDPE)
- an adhesion-promoting layer a barrier layer
- another adhesion-promoting layer and another layer made of "virgin” HDPE.
- the apparatus cost for introducing the two at least additional adhesion-promoting layers into the coextrudate for example for two additional extruders, and also other expensive reengineering of the systems used for the extrusion process, also have the effect of enormously increasing the capital expenditure costs for systems of this type.
- Another approach provides the use of a polyaryl amide as barrier material.
- an adhesion promoter is necessary in order to ensure stable bonding to the base material based on polyolefin.
- the adhesion promoter is not applied in two separate layers between the base material and the barrier layer but instead is added to the base material prior to processing.
- this process requires very large amounts of the adhesion promoter, which is likewise costly.
- the containers produced by the process of the invention have good barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and moreover also have very good mechanical stability, which also applies to the strength of bond between the individual extruded layers .
- the present invention therefore provides a process for producing a multilayer plastics item encompassing at least two extruded layers based on non-polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, an extruded layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the process encompasses a step for producing a tubular multilayer plastics parison in a coextrusion blow moulding system, and where the extrusion of the layer with barrier properties takes place by means of precisely one extruder from a blend which encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and which encompasses a polymer with adhesion-promoting properties, and is carried out at a melt temperature at which at least some demixing of the polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and of the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties takes place within the blend in the extruder .
- extruded layer based on non-polar polyolefins means an extruded layer which in terms of weight is mostly composed of polyolefins, where these can respectively involve "virgin” polyolefins, ground material (“regrind”) in which the proportion of polyolefin predominates, or a mixture of these.
- non-polar in this sense means polyolefins which do not bear any polar groups, for example acid groups, anhydride groups, amide groups, ester groups or hydroxy groups .
- the expression "in direct contact” means that the layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons has been bonded respectively both at its upper side and at its lower side to a layer based on non-polar olefins .
- extruded layer means any layer which can be extruded by means of precisely one extruder in a coextrusion process, irrespective of whether it has a structure that is homogeneous in each of its dimensions.
- different morphologies or inhomogeneities within the said layer are not extruded layers for the purposes of the present invention, even if they themselves may have a layer- like structure.
- the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the extruded layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures.
- This method uses only one extruder and only one blend to produce what may be called a coated/multilayer structure which achieves a barrier effect which, in what may be called a three-layer wall structure, corresponds to that provided by a known plastics container with a six- layer wall structure.
- the expression "mutually overlapping laminar structures” means structures which are primarily parallel to the plane of the extruded layer, which are spatially limited and which preferably form, via mutual contact, a layer of coherent material of maximum continuity.
- the melt temperature during the extrusion of the layer with barrier properties in the process of the invention is preferably in the range from 160°C to 260°C, preferably in the range from 180°C to 240°C, preferably in the range from 200°C to 225°C, with particular preference in the range from 205°C to 215°C, and in particular in the range from 208°C to 212°C.
- the temperature is above 260°C, the two polymers mix within the extruded layer with barrier properties and the resultant layer has markedly poorer barrier properties .
- a screw extruder without shearing section and/or mixing section is preferably used, and particular preference is given to the use of a screw extruder without shearing section and without mixing section.
- the polyolefins of the at least two extruded layers based on polyolefin have preferably been selected independently of one another in the process of the invention from the group consisting of respectively non-polar high-density polyethylene (HDPE) , low-density polyethylene (LDPE) , linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) , polypropylene (PP) , ethylene-propylene copolymer and mixtures of these, and it is possible here to use either "virgin” material, or ground material (“regrind”) or else a mixture of these. It is preferable that both layers are respectively based on non-polar high-density polyethylene (HDPE) .
- polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons it is preferable to use a polymer with a melt flow rate of from 2 to 10 g/10 min, preferably from 3 to 5 g/10 min, at a temperature of 210°C and under a load of 2160 g (determined to ISO 1133) .
- the density of the polymer is preferably about 1.0 to 1.3 g/cm 3 (determined to ISO 1183) .
- the melting point of the barrier polymer used is preferably in the range from 160°C to 200°C, preferably in a range from 180°C to 190°C (determined to ISO 11357) .
- the polymer used in the process of the invention as polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons is preferably a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) , polyaryl amides, polyamides (PA) , polyvinyl alcohols (PVOH) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and mixtures of the same.
- the polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons is particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a proportion of from 28 to 36 mol% of ethylene, based on the molecular constitution of the copolymer.
- the layer with barrier properties comprises no polyamide alongside the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer .
- the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties has preferably been selected from the group consisting of polyolefins functionalized with polar groups, preferably polyethylenes functionalized with unsaturated carboxylic acids or with carboxylic anhydrides.
- polymers of this type are copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides, e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, or maleic anhydride.
- copolymers of ethylene with maleic anhydride where the copolymer preferably comprises, based on the total weight of the polymer, from 0.05 to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride, more preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.3% by weight of maleic anhydride.
- the ratio of the proportion by weight of the polymer with barrier properties to the proportion by weight of the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties in the blend, based in each case on the total weight of the blend, is preferably in the range from 15:85 to 40:60, particularly preferably in the range from 20:80 to 35:75 and in particular in the range from 25:75 to 30:70.
- the thickness of the extruded layer with barrier properties is preferably from 2 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 8% and particularly preferably from 5.5 to 7.5%, of the sum of the layer thicknesses of the said layer and of the two polyolefin layers.
- the multilayer plastics item produced by the process of the invention can encompass, alongside the two layers based on polyolefin and the layer with barrier properties, further extruded layers which, independently of one another, have been applied via coextrusion to one or both of the polyolefin-based layers that are in direct contact with the extruded layer having barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons.
- preference can be given to the following layer structure in the case of fuel containers (from inside, i.e. from the side facing towards the fuel) : HPDE, extruded layer with barrier properties for the purposes of the present invention, ground material made of regrind, comprising HDPE as main constituent, black-coloured HPDE.
- one or more extruded layers of the plastics item in particular the extruded layers based on polyolefin, comprise additives, such as fibres, fillers, pigments, antioxidants, etc., but without any restriction to these.
- the extruded layer with barrier properties comprises no fillers such as the material known as clay.
- a multilayer hollow plastics body for the transport or for the storage of liquid and/or of gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular of fuels, such as petrol or diesel, or an accessory for the said hollow plastics body constitutes the plastics article produced in the process of the invention, for example filler necks, pumps, filler tubes, fill-level indicators, and ventilation devices, such as valves, or fixing means, but without restriction to these.
- the multilayer plastics item particularly preferably involves a fuel container.
- the invention further provides multilayer plastics items encompassing at least two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the layer with barrier properties encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and encompasses a polymer with adhesion- promoting properties, and where the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures.
- the layer with barrier properties of the invention forms what may be called a three-layer structure with a concentration of barrier material in the middle, and this is the result of an extrusion process with specific demixing of the blend during the extrusion process.
- This method gives a product with what may be called a five-layer wall structure, using only three extruders .
- multilayer plastics items of the invention are preferably produced by the process of the invention described above, so that the two layers based on non- polar polyolefins, and the layer with barrier properties located between, and in direct contact with, the same respectively involve extruded layers.
- the further steps or, respectively, possibilities for processing of the parison produced in the process of the invention to give the actual plastics items are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the extrusion head used in the process of the invention can have been designed for this purpose in a known manner in the form of head with axial or radial feed, where the melt stream emerging from the extruder flows axially or radially around the mandrel .
- the melt stream can also be deflected within the extrusion head by appropriately designed flow channels.
- the multilayer tubular parison can be cut or divided laterally by means of separation devices, emerging in the form of sheet- or web-shaped parisons by way of a plurality of elongate, straight linear die gaps.
- the process can also encompass the extrusion of semifinished products which take the form of sheets or webs and which are intended for thermoforming .
Abstract
The present invention relates to multilayer plastics items, encompassing at least two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, and also to a process for producing the same.
Description
Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the same The present invention relates to multilayer plastics items, encompassing at least two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and encompassing, located between the said two layers, and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, and also to a process for producing the same .
Containers made of plastic are widely used nowadays for the transport and the storage of hazardous liquid and gaseous products, for reasons of chemical resistance, mechanical strength, good processability, specifically including processability in complex shaping processes, and low weight. In vehicle construction, fuel containers made of plastic have by way of example almost completely displaced the metallic fuel containers that were previously conventional. Portable or non-fixed containers such as, as for example, petrol canisters, bottles, drums and tanks for combustible liquids and the like are also nowadays almost exclusively produced from plastics. The particular advantage of plastics containers is especially found in the lower weight/volume ratio, the avoidance of corrosion problems, and low-cost production. Specifically in the said application sectors, impermeability to the liquids and/or gases located in the interior of the container/tank is essential. By way of example, therefore, plastics containers nowadays have to comply with strict emission regulations in respect of permeability to hydrocarbons.
Polyolefin resins, e.g. polyethylenes, polypropylenes and copolymers thereof, have very good mouldability and processability together with high mechanical strength.
However, their permeability to volatile non-polar organic substances, in particular hydrocarbons, is relatively high. It is therefore essential to provide appropriate treatment of containers for the transport and/or the storage of hazardous materials comprising hydrocarbons, for example petrol or diesel. The barrier properties of plastics containers made of these polyolefins can be considerably improved inter alia via fluorination, coating, or plasma polymerization.
A general disadvantage of the surface-modification and coating processes is that the barrier layer (s) is/are necessarily applied on the inner and/or outer surface of the container, and thus has/have unprotected exposure to the effects of the environment. Separation and/or chemical alteration of the said barrier layer (s) can therefore occur as time passes, and this naturally leads to significant impairment of the barrier properties .
Current developments are therefore primarily focused on the production and construction of multilayer systems, for example by means of coextrusion processes, where polymers with barrier properties, primarily ethylene- vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) and polyamides (PA) are integrated with polyolefins and other constituents to give a multilayer composite. The usual location of the barrier polymer is approximately in the middle of the container wall; a first result of this is to minimize the flexural stresses arising within the barrier polymers, which are mostly relatively brittle, when mechanical load is applied, and a second result is that the matrix material protects the barrier polymer from environmental effects. It is also possible to use coextrusion to integrate still further layers into the multilayer composite, and this method can therefore give materials with a wide variety of advantageous properties which could not be achieved by sole use of a
single polymer.
However, a disadvantage here is that the polymers usually used as polymers with barrier properties, for example ethylene-vinyl copolymers and polyamides, are generally polar and do not have adhesive properties of any kind in relation to the non-polar base materials, such as polyethylenes and polypropylenes . Even if two layers of the said materials are coextruded and "adhere" to one another in the molten state, they separate into two spatially separate layers after the cooling process or earlier.
Coextrusion is therefore used to introduce, between the layers made of the base materials made of low-cost polyolefins and the barrier layer made of the markedly more expensive barrier polymer, of which the layer thickness used is therefore also minimized, adhesion- promoting layers which ensure durable bonding of the otherwise incompatible polar and non-polar layers. Fuel containers in the motor-vehicle sector by way of example nowadays generally have a six-layer structure obtained by means of coextrusion, encompassing (from the inside of the container to the outside) a base layer made of "virgin" HDPE, a layer of ground material, comprising or consisting of recycled material, for example regrind (in essence likewise HDPE) , an adhesion-promoting layer, a barrier layer, another adhesion-promoting layer, and another layer made of "virgin" HDPE.
However, the apparatus cost for introducing the two at least additional adhesion-promoting layers into the coextrudate, for example for two additional extruders, and also other expensive reengineering of the systems used for the extrusion process, also have the effect of enormously increasing the capital expenditure costs for systems of this type.
Another approach provides the use of a polyaryl amide as barrier material. Here again an adhesion promoter is necessary in order to ensure stable bonding to the base material based on polyolefin. However, in this instance the adhesion promoter is not applied in two separate layers between the base material and the barrier layer but instead is added to the base material prior to processing. However, this process requires very large amounts of the adhesion promoter, which is likewise costly.
It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide, without impairment of the barrier properties of the plastics item, a simplified process which is advantageous in relation to the costs of materials and/or to capital expenditure, which rises with every extruded layer, for producing a multilayer plastics item with barrier properties. There should moreover preferably also be no impairment of the chemical resistance, heat resistance or mechanical strength of the plastics item.
Surprisingly, a process has now been found which permits production of multilayer plastics items with a barrier layer which combines a barrier property with respect to hydrocarbons with adhesion-promoting properties with respect to non-polar polyolefins and can be combined with other extruded layers (from other extruders) by means of a coextrusion process, but nevertheless can itself be extruded by means of an extruder .
The containers produced by the process of the invention have good barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and moreover also have very good mechanical stability, which also applies to the strength of bond between the individual extruded
layers .
The present invention therefore provides a process for producing a multilayer plastics item encompassing at least two extruded layers based on non-polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, an extruded layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the process encompasses a step for producing a tubular multilayer plastics parison in a coextrusion blow moulding system, and where the extrusion of the layer with barrier properties takes place by means of precisely one extruder from a blend which encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and which encompasses a polymer with adhesion-promoting properties, and is carried out at a melt temperature at which at least some demixing of the polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and of the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties takes place within the blend in the extruder .
The demixing of the two polymers of the blend with barrier properties caused by the difference in the viscosity of the two polymers at the temperature used takes place here in such a way that most of the polymer with barrier properties is disposed approximately in the middle of the extruded layer. For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "extruded layer based on non-polar polyolefins" means an extruded layer which in terms of weight is mostly composed of polyolefins, where these can respectively involve "virgin" polyolefins, ground material ("regrind") in which the proportion of polyolefin predominates, or a mixture of these. The expression "non-polar" in this sense means polyolefins which do not bear any polar groups, for example acid
groups, anhydride groups, amide groups, ester groups or hydroxy groups .
For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "in direct contact" means that the layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons has been bonded respectively both at its upper side and at its lower side to a layer based on non-polar olefins .
For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "extruded layer" means any layer which can be extruded by means of precisely one extruder in a coextrusion process, irrespective of whether it has a structure that is homogeneous in each of its dimensions. In contrast, different morphologies or inhomogeneities within the said layer are not extruded layers for the purposes of the present invention, even if they themselves may have a layer- like structure.
By virtue of the demixing achieved by the process of the invention between the two polymers within the blend, the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the extruded layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures. This method uses only one extruder and only one blend to produce what may be called a coated/multilayer structure which achieves a barrier effect which, in what may be called a three-layer wall structure, corresponds to that provided by a known plastics container with a six- layer wall structure.
For the purposes of the present invention, the expression "mutually overlapping laminar structures" means structures which are primarily parallel to the plane of the extruded layer, which are spatially limited and which preferably form, via mutual contact,
a layer of coherent material of maximum continuity.
The melt temperature during the extrusion of the layer with barrier properties in the process of the invention is preferably in the range from 160°C to 260°C, preferably in the range from 180°C to 240°C, preferably in the range from 200°C to 225°C, with particular preference in the range from 205°C to 215°C, and in particular in the range from 208°C to 212°C. However, if the temperature is above 260°C, the two polymers mix within the extruded layer with barrier properties and the resultant layer has markedly poorer barrier properties . For extruding of the layer with barrier properties in the process of the invention, a screw extruder without shearing section and/or mixing section is preferably used, and particular preference is given to the use of a screw extruder without shearing section and without mixing section.
The polyolefins of the at least two extruded layers based on polyolefin have preferably been selected independently of one another in the process of the invention from the group consisting of respectively non-polar high-density polyethylene (HDPE) , low-density polyethylene (LDPE) , linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) , polypropylene (PP) , ethylene-propylene copolymer and mixtures of these, and it is possible here to use either "virgin" material, or ground material ("regrind") or else a mixture of these. It is preferable that both layers are respectively based on non-polar high-density polyethylene (HDPE) . As polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, it is preferable to use a polymer with a melt flow rate of from 2 to 10 g/10 min, preferably from 3 to 5 g/10 min, at a temperature of 210°C and
under a load of 2160 g (determined to ISO 1133) . The density of the polymer is preferably about 1.0 to 1.3 g/cm3 (determined to ISO 1183) . The melting point of the barrier polymer used is preferably in the range from 160°C to 200°C, preferably in a range from 180°C to 190°C (determined to ISO 11357) .
The polymer used in the process of the invention as polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons is preferably a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) , polyaryl amides, polyamides (PA) , polyvinyl alcohols (PVOH) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and mixtures of the same. The polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons is particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a proportion of from 28 to 36 mol% of ethylene, based on the molecular constitution of the copolymer. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the layer with barrier properties comprises no polyamide alongside the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer . The polymer with adhesion-promoting properties has preferably been selected from the group consisting of polyolefins functionalized with polar groups, preferably polyethylenes functionalized with unsaturated carboxylic acids or with carboxylic anhydrides. Examples of polymers of this type are copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides, e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, or maleic anhydride. Particular preference is given to copolymers of ethylene with maleic anhydride, where the copolymer preferably comprises, based on the total weight of the polymer, from 0.05 to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride, more preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight and
particularly preferably from 0.2 to 0.3% by weight of maleic anhydride.
The ratio of the proportion by weight of the polymer with barrier properties to the proportion by weight of the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties in the blend, based in each case on the total weight of the blend, is preferably in the range from 15:85 to 40:60, particularly preferably in the range from 20:80 to 35:75 and in particular in the range from 25:75 to 30:70.
The thickness of the extruded layer with barrier properties is preferably from 2 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 8% and particularly preferably from 5.5 to 7.5%, of the sum of the layer thicknesses of the said layer and of the two polyolefin layers.
The multilayer plastics item produced by the process of the invention can encompass, alongside the two layers based on polyolefin and the layer with barrier properties, further extruded layers which, independently of one another, have been applied via coextrusion to one or both of the polyolefin-based layers that are in direct contact with the extruded layer having barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons. By way of example, preference can be given to the following layer structure in the case of fuel containers (from inside, i.e. from the side facing towards the fuel) : HPDE, extruded layer with barrier properties for the purposes of the present invention, ground material made of regrind, comprising HDPE as main constituent, black-coloured HPDE. It is also possible that one or more extruded layers of the plastics item, in particular the extruded layers based on polyolefin, comprise additives, such as fibres, fillers, pigments, antioxidants, etc., but
without any restriction to these. However, it is preferable that the extruded layer with barrier properties comprises no fillers such as the material known as clay.
It is preferable that a multilayer hollow plastics body for the transport or for the storage of liquid and/or of gaseous hydrocarbons, in particular of fuels, such as petrol or diesel, or an accessory for the said hollow plastics body constitutes the plastics article produced in the process of the invention, for example filler necks, pumps, filler tubes, fill-level indicators, and ventilation devices, such as valves, or fixing means, but without restriction to these. The multilayer plastics item particularly preferably involves a fuel container.
The invention further provides multilayer plastics items encompassing at least two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the layer with barrier properties encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and encompasses a polymer with adhesion- promoting properties, and where the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures.
The layer with barrier properties of the invention forms what may be called a three-layer structure with a concentration of barrier material in the middle, and this is the result of an extrusion process with specific demixing of the blend during the extrusion process. This method gives a product with what may be called a five-layer wall structure, using only three
extruders .
These multilayer plastics items of the invention are preferably produced by the process of the invention described above, so that the two layers based on non- polar polyolefins, and the layer with barrier properties located between, and in direct contact with, the same respectively involve extruded layers. The further steps or, respectively, possibilities for processing of the parison produced in the process of the invention to give the actual plastics items are known to the person skilled in the art. The extrusion head used in the process of the invention can have been designed for this purpose in a known manner in the form of head with axial or radial feed, where the melt stream emerging from the extruder flows axially or radially around the mandrel . The melt stream can also be deflected within the extrusion head by appropriately designed flow channels. In another possible arrangement here, the multilayer tubular parison can be cut or divided laterally by means of separation devices, emerging in the form of sheet- or web-shaped parisons by way of a plurality of elongate, straight linear die gaps.
By way of example, it is therefore possible to obtain fuel containers in a known manner by means of extrusion blow moulding from the said tubular parison. As an alternative, it is also possible to cut the parison open to give at least two sheet-like semifinished products, which are then thermoformed to give half- shells and are then welded to give a hollow body, but without any restriction of the invention to these abovementioned possibilities.
The process can also encompass the extrusion of
semifinished products which take the form of sheets or webs and which are intended for thermoforming .
Claims
Process for producing a multilayer plastics item, encompassing at least two extruded layers based on non-polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, an extruded layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the process encompasses a step for producing a tubular multilayer plastics parison in a coextrusion blow moulding system, characterized in that the extrusion of the layer with barrier properties takes place by means of precisely one extruder from a blend which encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and which encompasses a polymer with adhesion- promoting properties, and is carried out at a melt temperature at which at least some demixing of the polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and of the polymer with adhesion- promoting properties takes place within the blend in the extruder.
Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the extruded layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures .
Process according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the melt temperature is in the range from 160°C to 260°C, preferably in the range from 200°C to 225°C, with preference in the range from 205°C to 215°C, and with particular preference in the range from 208°C to 212°C.
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that, for extruding the layer with barrier properties, a screw extruder without shearing section and/or mixing section is used, preferably a screw extruder without shearing section and without mixing section.
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polyolefins of the at least two extruded layers based on polyolefin have been selected independently of one another from the group consisting of respectively non-polar high-density polyethylene (HPDE) , low-density polyethylene (LDPE) , linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) , polypropylene (PP) , ethylene-propylene copolymer and mixtures of these, and both are preferably respectively non- polar high-density polyethylene (HDPE) .
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons is a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) , polyaryl amides, polyamides (PA) , polyvinyl alcohols (PVOH) and mixtures of the same, preferably being an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and particularly preferably being an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer having a proportion of from 28 to 36 mol% of ethylene, based on the molecular constitution of the copolymer.
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the polymer with adhesion- promoting properties has been selected from the group consisting of polyolefins functionalized with polar groups, preferably copolymers of ethylene with unsaturated carboxylic acids or with carboxylic anhydrides, and particularly preferably copolymers of ethylene with maleic anhydride.
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ratio of the proportion by weight of the polymer with barrier properties to the proportion by weight of the polymer with adhesion-promoting properties in the blend, based in each case on the total weight of the blend, is in the range from 15:85 to 40:60, preferably from 20:80 to 35:75 and particularly preferably from
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the thickness of the extruded layer with barrier properties is from 2 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 8% and particularly preferably from 5.5 to 7.5%, of the sum of the layer thicknesses of the said layer and of the two polyolefin layers.
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the multilayer plastics item encompasses further extruded layers which, independently of one another, have been applied via coextrusion to one or both of the polyolefin- based layers that are in direct contact with the extruded layer having barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons .
Process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a multilayer hollow plastics body for the transport or for the storage of liquid and/or of gaseous hydrocarbons, or an accessory for the said hollow plastics body is involved, preferably a fuel container.
12. Multilayer plastics item encompassing at least two layers based on non-polar polyolefins and, located between the said two layers and in direct contact with the same, a layer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons, where the layer with barrier properties encompasses a polymer with barrier properties with respect to hydrocarbons and encompasses a polymer with adhesion-promoting properties, characterized in that the polymer with barrier properties is present with non-uniform distribution within the layer with barrier properties in the form of particles and mutually overlapping laminar structures.
Multilayer plastics item according to Claim 12, characterized in that the two layers based on non- polar polyolefins and the layer with barrier properties located between, and in direct contact with, the same respectively involve extruded layers, produced via a process according to one or more of Claims 1 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010046378.7A DE102010046378B4 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2010-09-24 | Multilayer plastic articles with barrier properties and method of making the same |
PCT/EP2011/004298 WO2012038018A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-08-26 | Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2618985A1 true EP2618985A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
Family
ID=44651626
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP11757164.6A Withdrawn EP2618985A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2011-08-26 | Multilayer plastics items with barrier properties and process for producing the same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2618985A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103124626A (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013006595A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010046378B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012038018A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2783829B1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-10-19 | Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Société Anonyme) | Process for manufacturing a hollow body |
CN103465580B (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2015-04-22 | 河南省银丰塑料有限公司 | Multilayer composite functional preservative film |
DE102016214059B4 (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2021-05-20 | Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of manufacturing a liquid container and liquid container for a motor vehicle |
EP3459709A1 (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2019-03-27 | Magna Steyr Fuel Systems GesmbH | Plastic tank |
DE102020209556A1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for manufacturing fuel tanks |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6014695B2 (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1985-04-15 | イ−・アイ・デユポン・デ・ニモアス・アンド・カンパニ− | Layered molded product and its manufacturing method |
US4416942A (en) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. | Laminates of lamellar articles and polyolefins |
JPH06218891A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-09 | Showa Denko Kk | Polyethylene fuel tank |
FI942416A (en) * | 1994-05-25 | 1995-11-26 | Borealis As | Polymeric material and its use in multilayer products |
US5618599A (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-04-08 | Ford Motor Company | Multi-layer molded polymer compositions |
CA2216492C (en) * | 1996-10-03 | 2006-08-22 | Hiromi Shigemoto | Multilayer plastic container |
MXPA03005819A (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2005-02-14 | Int Paper Co | Economical oxygen barrier structures utilizing evoh/polyolefin blends. |
EP1285746A1 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-02-26 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Emission reducing patch for multilayer plastic vessels |
JP2005239040A (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel container |
US7183005B2 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2007-02-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Impact strength improvement of regrind |
FR2919534B1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2009-10-30 | Inergy Automotive Systems Res | FUEL TANK OF PLASTIC MATERIAL |
-
2010
- 2010-09-24 DE DE102010046378.7A patent/DE102010046378B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-08-26 EP EP11757164.6A patent/EP2618985A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-08-26 CN CN2011800455919A patent/CN103124626A/en active Pending
- 2011-08-26 BR BR112013006595A patent/BR112013006595A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-08-26 WO PCT/EP2011/004298 patent/WO2012038018A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2012038018A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012038018A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
DE102010046378A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
DE102010046378B4 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
CN103124626A (en) | 2013-05-29 |
BR112013006595A2 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
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