EP2065107A1 - Method for producing a component with a hardened surface - Google Patents

Method for producing a component with a hardened surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2065107A1
EP2065107A1 EP08017161A EP08017161A EP2065107A1 EP 2065107 A1 EP2065107 A1 EP 2065107A1 EP 08017161 A EP08017161 A EP 08017161A EP 08017161 A EP08017161 A EP 08017161A EP 2065107 A1 EP2065107 A1 EP 2065107A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
diffusion
carbon
carbon diffusion
pore size
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EP08017161A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2065107B1 (en
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Konrad Damasko
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Damasko Konrad
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Individual
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
    • G04B37/223—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases metallic cases coated with a nonmetallic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component with a hardened surface, in particular a functional element for watches according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Function elements for watches in the context of the invention are u. a. the watch case, serving for closing the watch case lid or bottom, crowns, pushers and metal bracelets or parts of the aforementioned elements.
  • a method of the generic type is the subject of the older, but not before published DE 10 2004 056 880 A1 , namely for producing functional elements for watches.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which components with high strength or hardness can be made on the surfaces in a particularly simple manner. To solve this problem, a method according to claim 1 is formed.
  • a blank made of sintered material is first produced using a sintered material which is present in powder or particle form in a shaping and sintering process, which already largely corresponds in its form to the component or functional element to be produced, for example housing or housing base or lid, etc. corresponds.
  • carbon diffusion then takes place at a temperature above 100 ° C. but significantly below 400 ° C. for incorporation of carbon atoms into the metal grid of the blank or sintered body, so that a surface layer with particularly high hardness is then achieved for the blank with a relatively large thickness, d. H. with a thickness of up to 1 mm.
  • the carbon diffusion is favored, so that this process step in a surprising manner in the presence of at least one carbonate in the molten salt already at temperatures well below 400 ° C, for example at temperatures below 300 ° C can be carried out effectively and this one relatively thick, very hard surface layer can be achieved up to 1 mm.
  • the expense of mechanical and / or chemical aftertreatment of the blank to achieve the desired shape and / or surface structure can be substantially reduced.
  • the production of the housing 1 takes place in several process steps.
  • a first method step a first of the shape of the housing 1 corresponding blank made of a metal-sintered material, using a suitable for the production of watch case non-magnetizable steel or austenitic stainless steel in powder or particle form, such as a steel with the Material number 1.4401 by molding or compacting and subsequent sintering.
  • the blank is produced in this sintering process, for example, such that pores in the size between 0.1 - 0.5 .mu.m, preferably remain in the size between 0.1 - 30 microns, with a pore size between about 5 and 25 microns as particularly has proved advantageous.
  • Suitable sintered materials include, for example, the following steels in powder or particle form: Material number DIN Short name brand name Without molybdenum 1.4310 X 10 CrNi 18 8 AISI 301 1.4319 X 3 CrNiN 17 8 AISI 302 1.4567 X 3 CrNiCu 18 9 AISI 302 HO 1.4305 X 12 CrNiS 18 9 AISI 303 1.4301 X 5 CrNi 18 9 AISI 304 With molybdenum 1.4401 X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 AISI 316 1.4571 X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 AISI 316Ti 1.4404 X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 AISI 316L 1.4429 X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 AISI 316LN 1.4435 X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 AISI 316L Superausteniten 1.4539 X 1 NiCrMoCu 25 20 5 AISI 904L
  • the blank produced is, for example, reworked on its surfaces, by means of suitable material or machining techniques, wherein in this treatment or in a subsequent process step, for example by grinding or the like and / or chemical processes, the pores of the sintered material are exposed at the surfaces.
  • the density of the sintered material is then in the range between 6.8 and 8 kg / dm 3, for example.
  • a carbon diffusion treatment of the blank takes place on its entire surface for incorporation of carbon atoms by diffusion into the metal lattice of the blank (sintered body).
  • the blank is kept for a period of several days, for example for a period of up to 6 days, in a carbon-containing atmosphere (inert gas atmosphere) at a temperature well above ambient temperature, e.g. kept at a temperature above 100 ° C, but for example below 300 ° C, in a molten salt in the presence of at least one carbonate.
  • a high surface hardness up to 1800 HV, 0.05 or about 80 HRC is then achieved, up to a relatively high material depth, for example up to a material depth of about 1 mm.
  • a suitable material for closing the pores for example with a thermosetting plastic under pressure.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The method for the production of functional elements such as clock housing and housing cover, housing base, a latchkey or a crown, with hardened surface for wrist watch, comprises producing a blank of the functional elements as sintered body by sintering under use of stainless steel as sintered material and carrying out a carbon diffusion for arriving carbon atom to form a diffusion zone or diffusion layer on the surface of the blank, in the presence of carbonates in a salt bath at below 300[deg] C. The blank is treated for the carbon diffusion in a protective gas atmosphere. The method for the production of functional elements such as clock housing, and housing cover, housing base, a latchkey or a crown, with hardened surface for wrist watch, comprises producing a blank of the functional elements as sintered body by sintering under use of stainless steel as sintered material and carrying out a carbon diffusion for arriving carbon atom to form a diffusion zone or diffusion layer on the surface of the blank, in the presence of carbonates in a salt bath at below 300[deg] C. The blank is treated for the carbon diffusion in a protective gas atmosphere at a temperature over room temperature and is impregnated after the carbon diffusion, with a hardening plastic material closing the pores of the blank. The blank is manufactured with a density of 6.8-7.25 kg/dm 3>and with a pore size of 0.1-0.5 mu m. The carbon diffusion is carried out over a period of 5-6 days in a carbon containing protective gas atmosphere. The surface of the blank is chemically and/or mechanically processed for exposing the pores before the carbon diffusion. A hard material or hard metal coating is subjected on the functional elements for increasing the wear resistance.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils mit gehärteter Oberfläche, insbesondere eines Funktionselementes für Armbanduhren gemäß Oberbegriff Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for producing a component with a hardened surface, in particular a functional element for watches according to the preamble of claim 1.

Funktionselemente für Armbanduhren im Sinne der Erfindung sind u. a. das Uhrengehäuse, der zum Verschließen des Uhrengehäuses dienende Deckel oder Boden, Kronen, Drücker sowie auch Metallarmbänder oder Teile der vorgenannten Elemente.Function elements for watches in the context of the invention are u. a. the watch case, serving for closing the watch case lid or bottom, crowns, pushers and metal bracelets or parts of the aforementioned elements.

Speziell Gehäuse für Armbanduhren sind in verschiedensten Ausführungen bekannt. In neuerer Zeit wurde auch vorgeschlagen, derartige Gehäuse aus einem härtbaren, nicht magnetisierbaren Stahl herzustellen, um so für das Gehäuse einer Armbanduhr u. a. eine besonders harte und widerstandsfähige Oberfläche zu erhalten.Especially cases for watches are known in various designs. Recently, it has also been proposed to produce such a housing from a hardenable, non-magnetizable steel, so as to be suitable for the case of a wristwatch and the like. a. to obtain a particularly hard and resistant surface.

Ein Verfahren der gattungsmäßigen Art ist Gegenstand der älteren, aber nicht vor veröffentlichten DE 10 2004 056 880 A1 , und zwar zum Herstellen von Funktionselementen für Armbanduhren.A method of the generic type is the subject of the older, but not before published DE 10 2004 056 880 A1 , namely for producing functional elements for watches.

Bekannt ist weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Filtermembranen durch Aufbringen von metallischen Partikeln mit einer Partikelgrößer kleiner als 50 µm auf ein poröses metallisches Substrat, durch Vorsintern der von den Partikeln und dem metallischen Substrat gebildeten Schichtfolge, durch Aufbringen von ultrafeinen Keramikpartikeln mit einer Partikelgrößer kleiner als 500 nm, durch anschließendes plastisches Verformen der Keramikpartikel unter Anwendung von Scherkräften und durch anschließendes Sintern zur Bildung einer Komposit-Membrane bestehend aus einer Filterschicht und einem metallischen Substrat ( US 5 364 586 ).Also known is a process for producing filter membranes by applying metallic particles having a particle size smaller than 50 μm to a porous metallic substrate by pre-sintering the layer sequence formed by the particles and the metallic substrate by applying ultrafine ceramic particles having a particle size smaller than 500 nm, by subsequent plastic deformation of the ceramic particles using shear forces and subsequent sintering to form a composite membrane consisting of a filter layer and a metallic substrate ( US 5,364,586 ).

Bekannt ist weiterhin auch das Aufkohlen von Werkstücken aus Stahl im Salzbad bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 930°C ( DE 39 40 426 C1 ).Also known is the carburizing of workpieces made of steel in a salt bath at a temperature in the range of 930 ° C ( DE 39 40 426 C1 ).

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren aufzuzeigen, mit welchem in besonders einfacher Weise Bauteile mit hoher Festigkeit bzw. Härte an den Oberflächen gefertigt werden können. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist ein Verfahren entsprechend dem Patentanspruch 1 ausgebildet.The object of the invention is to provide a method with which components with high strength or hardness can be made on the surfaces in a particularly simple manner. To solve this problem, a method according to claim 1 is formed.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zunächst unter Verwendung eines Sinterwerkstoffes, der in Pulver- oder Partikelform vorliegt, in einem Formgebungs- und Sinterverfahren ein Rohling aus Sintermaterial gefertigt, der in seiner Form bereits weitestgehend dem herzustellenden Bauteil oder Funktionselement, beispielsweise Gehäuse oder Gehäuseboden bzw. -deckel usw. entspricht. Im Fortgang des Verfahrens erfolgt dann eine Kohlenstoffdiffusion bei einer Temperatur über 100°C aber deutlich unter 400°C zum Einlagern von Kohlenstoffatome in das Metallgitter des Rohlings bzw. Sinterkörpers, sodass dann für den Rohling eine Oberflächenschicht mit besonders großer Härte erreicht wird, und zwar mit einer relativ großen Dicke, d. h. mit einer Dicke bis zu 1 mm.In the method according to the invention, a blank made of sintered material is first produced using a sintered material which is present in powder or particle form in a shaping and sintering process, which already largely corresponds in its form to the component or functional element to be produced, for example housing or housing base or lid, etc. corresponds. As the process progresses, carbon diffusion then takes place at a temperature above 100 ° C. but significantly below 400 ° C. for incorporation of carbon atoms into the metal grid of the blank or sintered body, so that a surface layer with particularly high hardness is then achieved for the blank with a relatively large thickness, d. H. with a thickness of up to 1 mm.

Durch die bei dem Sinterprozess erzeugten Poren wird die Kohlenstoffdiffusion begünstigt, sodass dieser Verfahrensschritt in überraschender Weise bei Anwesenheit wenigstens eines Carbonats in der Salzschmelze bereits bei Temperaturen deutlich unter 400°C, beispielsweise bei Temperaturen unter 300°C wirksam durchgeführt werden kann und sich hierbei eine relativ dicke, sehr harte Oberflächenschicht bis zu 1 mm erzielen lässt.Due to the pores produced in the sintering process, the carbon diffusion is favored, so that this process step in a surprising manner in the presence of at least one carbonate in the molten salt already at temperatures well below 400 ° C, for example at temperatures below 300 ° C can be carried out effectively and this one relatively thick, very hard surface layer can be achieved up to 1 mm.

Durch die Herstellung des Rohlings im Sinterverfahren lässt sich weiterhin der Aufwand bei der mechanischen und/oder chemischen Nachbehandlung des Rohlings zur Erzielung der angestrebten Form und/oder Oberflächenstruktur wesentlich reduzieren.By producing the blank in the sintering process, the expense of mechanical and / or chemical aftertreatment of the blank to achieve the desired shape and / or surface structure can be substantially reduced.

Weiterbildungen, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen und aus der Figur. Dabei sind alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale für sich oder in beliebiger Kombination grundsätzlich Gegenstand der Erfindung, unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den Ansprüchen oder deren Rückbeziehung. Auch wird der Inhalt der Ansprüche zu einem Bestandteil der Beschreibung gemacht.Further developments, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the figure. In this case, all described and / or illustrated features alone or in any combination in principle subject of the invention, regardless from their summary in the claims or their dependency. Also, the content of the claims is made an integral part of the description.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden im Zusammenhang mit der Figur, die in vereinfachter schematischer Darstellung als Bauteil oder Funktionselement das Gehäuse 1 einer Armbanduhr zeigt, näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below in conjunction with the figure, which shows the housing 1 of a wristwatch in a simplified schematic representation as a component or functional element.

Die Herstellung des Gehäuses 1 erfolgt in mehreren Verfahrensschritten. In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird zunächst ein der Form des Gehäuses 1 entsprechender Rohling aus einem Metall-Sinter-Material hergestellt, und zwar unter Verwendung eines für die Herstellung von Uhrengehäuse geeigneten nichtmagnetisierbaren Stahles oder austenitischen Edelstahles in Pulver- oder Partikelform, beispielsweise eines Stahles mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4401 durch Formen bzw. Kompaktieren und anschließendes Sintern. Der Rohling wird bei diesem Sinterprozess beispielsweise derart hergestellt, dass Poren in der Größe zwischen 0,1 - 0,5 µm, vorzugsweise in der Größe zwischen 0,1 - 30 µm verbleiben, wobei sich eine Porengröße zwischen etwa 5 und 25 µm als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen hat.The production of the housing 1 takes place in several process steps. In a first method step, a first of the shape of the housing 1 corresponding blank made of a metal-sintered material, using a suitable for the production of watch case non-magnetizable steel or austenitic stainless steel in powder or particle form, such as a steel with the Material number 1.4401 by molding or compacting and subsequent sintering. The blank is produced in this sintering process, for example, such that pores in the size between 0.1 - 0.5 .mu.m, preferably remain in the size between 0.1 - 30 microns, with a pore size between about 5 and 25 microns as particularly has proved advantageous.

Als Sinterwerkstoff eignen sich beispielsweise auch folgende Stähle in Pulver- oder Partikelform: Werkstoffnummer DIN-Kurzname Markenbezeichnung Ohne Molybdän 1.4310 X 10 CrNi 18 8 AISI 301 1.4319 X 3 CrNiN 17 8 AISI 302 1.4567 X 3 CrNiCu 18 9 AISI 302 HO 1.4305 X 12 CrNiS 18 9 AISI 303 1.4301 X 5 CrNi 18 9 AISI 304 Mit Molybdän 1.4401 X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 AISI 316 1.4571 X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 AISI 316Ti 1.4404 X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 AISI 316L 1.4429 X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 AISI 316LN 1.4435 X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 AISI 316L Superausteniten 1.4539 X 1 NiCrMoCu 25 20 5 AISI 904L 1.4547 X 1 CrNMoCuN 20 18 7 254 SMO 1.4563 X 1 NiCrMoCuN 31 27 4 Sanicro 28 1.4591 X 1 CrNiMoCuN 33 32 1 Alloy 33 1.4652 654 SMO Duplex-Stähle (tenitisch - austenitischer Stähle) 1.4362 X 2 CrNiN 23 4 SAF 2304 1.4460 X 3 CrNiMoN 27 5 2 AISI 329 1.4462 X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3 SAF 2205 Superduplex-Stähle 1.4410 X 2 CrNiMo 25 7 4 SAF 2507 Ferralium 225 1.4501 X 2 CrNiMoCuWN 25 7 4 Zeron 100 Nickelbasislegierungen 2.4616 EL NiMo 29 Hastelloy B-2 Hastelloy B-3 2.4612 EL NiMo 15 Cr 15 Ti Hastelley C-4 2.4602 NiCr 21 Mo 14 W Hastelloy C-22 2.4819 NiMo 16 Cr 15 W Hastelloy C-276 2.4856 NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb Inconel 625 2.4668 NiCr 19 NbMo Inconel 718 2.4858 NiCr 21 Mo Incoloy 825 1.4847 X 8 CrNiAlTi 20 20 Incoloy 800 Ausscheidungshärt bare Stähle 1.4944/1.3980 X 4 NiCrTi 26 15 AISI 660 1.4534 X 3 CrNiMoAl 13 8 2 PH13-8Mo 1.4542 - 17-4 PH 1.4568 - 17.7PH 1.4545 - 15-5 PH Spezialitäten Corrax Phynox Cronidur 30 Suitable sintered materials include, for example, the following steels in powder or particle form: Material number DIN Short name brand name Without molybdenum 1.4310 X 10 CrNi 18 8 AISI 301 1.4319 X 3 CrNiN 17 8 AISI 302 1.4567 X 3 CrNiCu 18 9 AISI 302 HO 1.4305 X 12 CrNiS 18 9 AISI 303 1.4301 X 5 CrNi 18 9 AISI 304 With molybdenum 1.4401 X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 AISI 316 1.4571 X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 AISI 316Ti 1.4404 X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 AISI 316L 1.4429 X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 AISI 316LN 1.4435 X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 AISI 316L Superausteniten 1.4539 X 1 NiCrMoCu 25 20 5 AISI 904L 1.4547 X 1 CrNMoCuN 20 18 7 254 SMO 1.4563 X 1 NiCrMoCuN 31 27 4 Sanicro 28 1.4591 X 1 CrNiMoCuN 33 32 1 Alloy 33 1.4652 654 SMO Duplex steels (tenitic - austenitic steels) 1.4362 X 2 CrNiN 23 4 SAF 2304 1.4460 X 3 CrNiMoN 27 5 2 AISI 329 1.4462 X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 3 SAF 2205 Super Duplex steels 1.4410 X 2 CrNiMo 25 7 4 SAF 2507 Ferralium 225 1.4501 X 2 CrNiMoCuWN 25 7 4 Zeron 100 Nickel-based alloys 2.4616 EL NiMo 29 Hastelloy B-2 Hastelloy B-3 2.4612 EL NiMo 15 Cr 15 Ti Hastelley C-4 2.4602 NiCr 21 Mo 14 W Hastelloy C-22 2.4819 NiMo 16 Cr 15 W Hastelloy C-276 2.4856 NiCr 22 Mo 9 Nb Inconel 625 2.4668 NiCr 19 NbMo Inconel 718 2.4858 NiCr 21 Mo Incoloy 825 1.4847 X 8 CrNiAlTi 20 20 Incoloy 800 Precipitation-hardening steels 1.4944 / 1.3980 X 4 NiCrTi 26 15 AISI 660 1.4534 X 3 CrNiMoAl 13 8 2 PH13-8Mo 1.4542 - 17-4 PH 1.4568 - 17.7PH 1.4545 - 15-5 PH specialties Corrax phynox Cronidur 30

Nach dem Sinterprozess wird der hergestellte Rohling z.B. an seinen Oberflächen nachbearbeitet, und zwar durch geeignete material- oder spanabhebende Techniken,
wobei bei dieser Behandlung oder in einem anschließenden Verfahrensschritt beispielsweise durch Schleifen oder dgl. und/oder chemische Verfahren die Poren des Sintermaterials an den Oberflächen freigelegt werden. Die Dichte des Sintermaterials liegt dann beispielsweise im Bereich zwischen 6,8 und 8 kg/dm3.After the sintering process, the blank produced is, for example, reworked on its surfaces, by means of suitable material or machining techniques,
wherein in this treatment or in a subsequent process step, for example by grinding or the like and / or chemical processes, the pores of the sintered material are exposed at the surfaces. The density of the sintered material is then in the range between 6.8 and 8 kg / dm 3, for example.

In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt erfolgt einer Kohlenstoff-Diffusionsbehandlung des Rohlings an seinen gesamten Oberfläche zur Einlagerung von Kohlenstoffatomen durch Diffusion in das Metallgitter des Rohlings (Sinterkörpers). Hierfür wird der Rohling über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Tagen, beispielsweise über einen Zeitraum von bis zu 6 Tagen, in einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Atmosphäre (Schutzgasatmosphäre) bei einer Temperatur deutlich über Umgebungstemperatur, z.B. bei einer Temperatur über 100°C, aber beispielsweise unter 300°C gehalten, und zwar in einer Salzschmelze bei Anwesenheit wenigstens eine Carbonats.In a further process step, a carbon diffusion treatment of the blank takes place on its entire surface for incorporation of carbon atoms by diffusion into the metal lattice of the blank (sintered body). For this, the blank is kept for a period of several days, for example for a period of up to 6 days, in a carbon-containing atmosphere (inert gas atmosphere) at a temperature well above ambient temperature, e.g. kept at a temperature above 100 ° C, but for example below 300 ° C, in a molten salt in the presence of at least one carbonate.

Mit diesem Verfahren wird dann eine hohe Oberflächenhärte bis zu 1.800 HV, 0,05 oder ca. 80 HRC erreicht, und zwar bis zu einer relativ hohen Materialtiefe, beispielsweise bis zu einer Materialtiefe von etwa 1 mm. Nach der Kohlenstoffdiffusion erfolgt in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt ein Imprägnieren des Rohlings mit einem für das Verschließen der Poren geeigneten Material, beispielsweise mit einem aushärtenden Kunststoff unter Druck.With this method, a high surface hardness up to 1800 HV, 0.05 or about 80 HRC is then achieved, up to a relatively high material depth, for example up to a material depth of about 1 mm. After the carbon diffusion takes place in a further process step impregnating the blank with a suitable material for closing the pores, for example with a thermosetting plastic under pressure.

Die Erfindung wurde voranstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel beschrieben. Es versteht sich, dass zahlreiche Änderungen sowie Abwandlungen möglich sind, ohne das dadurch der der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Erfindungsgedanke verlassen wird. So ist die Erfindung auch auf andere Bauteile anwendbar, beispielsweise für die Herstellung von Kugellagern.The invention has been described above by means of an embodiment. It is understood that numerous changes and modifications are possible without thereby departing from the inventive idea underlying the invention. Thus, the invention is also applicable to other components, for example for the production of ball bearings.

Claims (15)

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils mit gehärteter Oberfläche, insbesondere eines Funktionselementes für Armbanduhren, wobei ein Rohlings des Bauteils als Sinterkörper durch Sintern unter Verwendung eines Edelstahles als Sintermaterial hergestellt und einer Kohlenstoffdiffusion zur Einlagerung von Kohlenstoffatomen zur Bildung einer Diffusionszone oder Diffusionsschicht an der Oberfläche des Rohlings, in einer Salzschmelze bei einer Temperatur über 100°C unterzogen wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Kohlenstoffdiffusion bei einer Temperatur unterhalb von 300°C und bei Anwesenheit wenigstens eines Carbonats und/oder Phosphats in der Salzschmelze erfolgt.A method of manufacturing a hardened surface component, in particular a wrist watch functional element, wherein a blank of the component is produced as a sintered body by sintering using a stainless steel sintered material and a carbon diffusion to deposit carbon atoms to form a diffusion zone or diffusion layer on the surface of the blank, in a molten salt at a temperature above 100 ° C,
characterized,
that the carbon diffusion is carried out at a temperature below 300 ° C and in the presence of at least one carbonate and / or phosphate in the salt melt. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling für die Kohlenstoffdiffusion in einer kohlenstoffenthaltenden Atmosphäre, beispielsweise Schutzgasatmosphäre, bei einer Temperatur deutlich über Raumtemperatur behandelt wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the blank for the carbon diffusion in a carbon-containing atmosphere, for example a protective gas atmosphere, is treated at a temperature well above room temperature. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling nach der Kohlenstoffdiffusion mit einem die Poren des Rohlings verschließenden Material, beispielsweise mit einem aushärtenden Kunststoffmaterial imprägniert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the blank after carbon diffusion with a pore of the blank occluding material, for example impregnated with a curing plastic material. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling mit einer Dichte zwischen etwa 5,2 und 8 kg/dm3 oder mit einer Dichte zwischen etwa 6,8 und 7,25 kg/dm3 gefertigt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the blank is manufactured with a density between about 5.2 and 8 kg / dm 3 or with a density between about 6.8 and 7.25 kg / dm 3 . Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling mit einer Porengröße im Bereich zwischen etwa 0,01 und 2,0 µm gefertigt wird, vorzugsweise mit einer Porengröße zwischen etwa 0,01 und 0,5 µmMethod according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the blank manufactured with a pore size in the range between about 0.01 and 2.0 microns is, preferably with a pore size between about 0.01 and 0.5 microns Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling mit einer Porengröße im Bereich zwischen etwa 0,01 und 30,0 µm gefertigt wird, vorzugsweise mit einer Porengröße zwischen etwa 5 und 25 µmMethod according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the blank is made with a pore size in the range between about 0.01 and 30.0 microns, preferably with a pore size between about 5 and 25 microns Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling mit einer Porengröße im Bereich zwischen etwa 0,1 und 0,5 µm gefertigt wird.Method according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the blank is manufactured with a pore size in the range between about 0.1 and 0.5 microns. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenstoffdiffusion in einer kohlenstoffenthaltenden Schutzgasatmosphäre erfolgt.Method according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the carbon diffusion takes place in a carbon-containing protective gas atmosphere. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenstoffdiffusion über einen Zeitraum bis zu 14 Tagen, beispielsweise über einen Zeitraum von 5 - 6 Tage durchgeführt wird.Method according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the carbon diffusion is carried out over a period of up to 14 days, for example over a period of 5-6 days. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche des Rohlings zum Freilegen der Poren vor der Kohlenstoffdiffusion chemisch und/oder mechanisch bearbeitet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterized in that the surface of the blank to expose the pores before the carbon diffusion is chemically and / or mechanically processed. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Sinterwerkstoff ein Chrom und/oder Nickel enthaltender Stahl verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that a chromium and / or nickel-containing steel is used as the sintered material. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Sinterwerkstoff ein Stahl verwendet wird, der zusätzlich Molybdän und/oder Kupfer und/oder Stickstoff und/oder Titan und/oder Wismut und/oder Niob und/oder Aluminium enthält.A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the sintered material used is a steel which additionally contains molybdenum and / or copper and / or nitrogen and / or titanium and / or bismuth and / or niobium and / or aluminum. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Sinterwerkstoff ein austenitischer Edelstahl verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that an austenitic stainless steel is used as the sintered material. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rohling vor der Kohlenstoffdiffusion an seinen Oberflächen mechanisch und/oder chemisch bearbeitet wird.Method according to one of claims 1-15, characterized in that the blank is mechanically and / or chemically processed before the carbon diffusion on its surfaces. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 16, gekennzeichnet durch die Herstellung eines Uhrengehäuses (1) und/oder eines Gehäusedeckels oder -bodens oder einer eines Drückers oder einer Krone für eine Armbanduhr und/oder durch das Aufbringen einer Hartstoff- oder Hartmetallbeschichtung zur Erhöhung der Verschleißbeständigkeit.Method according to one of claims 1 - 16, characterized by the production of a watch case (1) and / or a housing cover or bottom or a pusher or a crown for a wristwatch and / or by applying a hard or hard metal coating to increase the wear resistance.
EP08017161A 2007-11-19 2008-09-30 Method for producing a component with a hardened surface Not-in-force EP2065107B1 (en)

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