EP1923116A1 - Filter for fluid substances - Google Patents
Filter for fluid substances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1923116A1 EP1923116A1 EP07022434A EP07022434A EP1923116A1 EP 1923116 A1 EP1923116 A1 EP 1923116A1 EP 07022434 A EP07022434 A EP 07022434A EP 07022434 A EP07022434 A EP 07022434A EP 1923116 A1 EP1923116 A1 EP 1923116A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- filter according
- housing
- filter housing
- absorbent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
- B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel filter for fluid substances, consisting of a filter housing with at least one inlet and at least one drain and a filter medium in the interior of the filter housing, wherein the filter medium is an absorbent nonwoven material is used, the filter housing inside a structured surface for the production of turbulent flows in the fluid substances and consists of corresponding plastics and wherein as a nonwoven absorbent material, a multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing such a filter and its use for filtering oils, fuels or other fluid substances u. a. also for filtering fuels prior to their combustion.
- a filter pack for filtering liquid or gaseous substances which can be used in a filter housing with an inlet and a drain for the substances to be filtered and wherein a pressure relief valve ensures that depending on reaching a certain pressure value, the fluid substance is either filtered or can flow unfiltered to the engine.
- a pressure relief valve ensures that depending on reaching a certain pressure value, the fluid substance is either filtered or can flow unfiltered to the engine.
- the EP-B 401 329 also describes an oil filter for internal combustion engines, which consists of individual parts of a kit and has, inter alia, two lids each top and bottom and a central core around which a filter pack of absorbent paper is arranged. On the wall parts of this oil filter, inter alia, cooling fins can be attached.
- the oil filter described there is characterized in particular by the fact that the oil only rarely needs to be replaced.
- Subject of the EP-B 503 028 is a filter pack of absorbent papers and an associated filter housing, with stabilizing elements to fix the filter pack, since these can be pressed together at longer maturities by the pressure of the fluid substances flowing through. This should increase the operating times of such filters.
- the fluid substances can pass through the filter pack in both cocurrent and countercurrent flow.
- the stabilizing elements are arranged transversely to the flow direction.
- the hitherto known filters for fluid substances usually consist of a metallic filter housing, for example of aluminum, iron, steel, copper or of the corresponding alloys and generally have a smooth surface inside.
- the filter housing is often heavy and u. a. not very flexible in shape due to the use of metallic objects.
- it is desirable to develop novel filters which are lighter than the hitherto known filters and whose shape can be better adapted to the particular environment in the engines.
- the present invention was therefore based on the object to remedy the disadvantages described and to develop a novel filter for fluid substances, especially for motor oils, which is characterized among other things by the lowest possible weight and which is suitable by its special form in a special way to to prevent impurities from being deposited on parts of motors, thus reducing the operating time of the filter.
- a novel filter for fluid substances consisting of a filter housing with at least one inlet and at least one drain and a filter medium in the interior of the filter housing, wherein the filter medium is an absorbent nonwoven material is used, the filter housing inside a structured surface for generating turbulent Having flows in the fluid substances and consists of corresponding plastics and wherein a multi-layer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used as the absorbent nonwoven material.
- such a multi-layer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used, which has no core inside, ie, there is no cavity in the interior.
- absorbent nonwoven material which contains a cavity.
- the term layered nonwoven absorbent material refers to not being used in the form of individual sheets for the purpose of the present invention, but rather is referred to as so-called lamination of several stacked portions of the absorbent nonwoven material or as so-called winding absorbent nonwoven material can be wound into a roll, among other things.
- the filter according to the invention is particularly suitable for filtering various fluid substances, such as oils, lubricants, fuels or other fluid media, u. a. of aqueous or organic liquids or of emulsions. It consists of a filter housing with at least one inflow and at least one outflow and can preferably also be used comparable to a cartridge in a further outer housing, which likewise has at least one inflow and one outflow. In this way, the filters according to the invention are easily replaceable.
- the filter housing of the filter according to the invention preferably has a round elongated shape which is similar to that of a column.
- the length of the housing is about 10 to 100 cm, in particular about 15 to 60 cm and the diameter of about 5 to 50 cm, preferably about 8 to 40 cm.
- the column shape of course, other geometric shapes are conceivable, for example the shape of a rectangle or a square.
- the filter according to the invention is further preferably characterized in that the filter housing contains in the interior of such a structured surface, which changes from the inflow to the outflow with respect to their shape and / or their geometry. On In this way it is achieved that the fluid substance changes its direction at least once as it flows through the filter pack, which can cause turbulence, which can eliminate deposits on the inner walls of the filter.
- the housing of the filter can on the one hand have closed geometric structures on the one hand, such as circles, spirals, ovals, rectangles, squares or diamonds.
- the structured surface contains linear structures.
- linear structures should be understood as meaning both solid lines and broken lines.
- the line-shaped structures should change at least once in the direction from the inflow to the outflow such that the angle resulting from the imaginary connecting line between the inflow and the outflow on the one hand and the line-shaped structures on the other hand at least once at least once °, preferably by at least 5 ° and in particular by at least 10 ° changes.
- the closed geometric structures should also undergo at least one structural change along the imaginary connecting line in the direction from the inflow to the outflow.
- the proportion of the diameter of the structured wall thickness is preferably less than 10%, in particular 2 to 5%.
- the filter housing can also be configured in such a way that the diameter changes along the imaginary connecting line from the inflow to the outflow, whereby the filter housing can assume both a convex and a concave shape. In this way, the flow velocity of the fluid substance can also be influenced.
- the filter according to the invention can furthermore also have covers, such as covers at the inlet and / or at the outlet, in order to be able to close off the filter if appropriate.
- covers such as covers at the inlet and / or at the outlet, in order to be able to close off the filter if appropriate.
- the drain of the filter should contain such a lid. It is recommended to design the cover rotatable, for example by a thread.
- the filter housing should not consist of different individual parts of a kit, but preferably be constructed essentially of a, as close as possible part of a corresponding plastic.
- the filter housing should consist of a so-called thermoplastic material.
- the filter housing may still have a few small components that do not consist of the selected, preferably thermoplastic, but of another, preferably thermoplastic material or of metals. It is important that the essential part of the filter housing is a whole, self-contained, consisting of a preferably thermoplastic plastic part.
- the inventive filter two different filter housings with the same or different filter media, which can be connected to each other by screwing. In this way, two filters according to the invention with different properties can be combined to form a novel filter according to the invention.
- thermoplastics u. a. Polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polysulfones, polyether ketones, polycycloolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetates, polyethersulfones or polyolefins into consideration. Both homopolymers and copolymers of these thermoplastics can be used.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PVC polysulfones
- polyether ketones polycycloolefins
- polyacrylates polymethacrylates
- polycarbonates polyurethanes
- polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetates, polyethersulfones or polyolefins into consideration. Both homopolymers and copolymers of these thermoplastics can be used.
- the filter housing consists of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Polybut-1en, polyisobutylene, polypent-1-ene or polyhex-1-en, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene is used.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Polybut-1en, polyisobutylene, polypent-1-ene or polyhex-1-en, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene is used.
- polyethylene is to be understood as meaning both homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with minor proportions of other C 3 -C 10 -alk-1-enes, for example with propylene, but-1-ene, pent-1-ene, hex-1-ene or oct-1-ene.
- copolymers of ethylene with copolymerizable polar comonomers for example with vinyl acetate or else with unsaturated acrylates or methacrylates.
- Such polyethylenes are characterized inter alia by densities of 0.89 to 0.98 g / cm3, in particular from 0.89 to 0.96 g / cm3.
- polyethylenes are produced, inter alia, by customary processes, for example by high-pressure polymerization with free-radical initiators, or else by catalytic polymerization with titanium-containing Ziegler catalysts, metallocene-containing catalysts or else chromium-containing Philippine catalysts.
- thermoplastics are homopolymers and copolymers of propylene with minor amounts of other C 2 -C 10 -alk-1-enes, for example with ethylene or with 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene or octene 1-ene. It can also be used in polypropylene two or more different comonomers.
- Such polypropylenes preferably have a melt flow rate (MFR) according to ISO 1133 of from 0.1 to 200 g / 10 min., In particular from 0.2 to 150 g / 10 min. and more preferably from 0.5 to 100 g / 10 min, at 230 ° C and under a weight of 2.16 kg.
- MFR melt flow rate
- the melt flow rate corresponds to the amount of polymer which is pressed within 10 minutes from the ISO 1133 standardized test device at a temperature of 230 ° C and under a weight of 2.16 kg.
- the preparation of such polypropylenes can be carried out, for example, with the aid of so-called Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
- catalyst systems based on polymerization-active metal complexes so-called metallocenes.
- the housing of the filter according to the invention can also be constructed of so-called halogenated plastics, in particular halogenated polyolefins.
- halogenated plastics in particular halogenated polyolefins.
- fluorinated polyethylenes or else fluorinated Polypropylenes are particularly preferred.
- fluorinated polyethylenes or else fluorinated Polypropylenes have the advantage, inter alia, that even at relatively high temperatures practically no diffusion of the oils from the filter housing can be observed.
- Other suitable fluorinated polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinyl fluoride.
- the production of the filter housing can be done by conventional methods of plastics processing, u. a. by melt extrusion, by blow molding, by extrusion or by injection molding, starting from the appropriately selected, preferably thermoplastic plastics.
- Preferred production methods are, in particular, blow molding or injection molding.
- the selected preferably thermoplastic polymers are first melted, then introduced into a tool that is to correspond to the filter housing and then cooled down there again.
- the filter according to the invention as a filter medium to an absorbent nonwoven material, which should be understood as so-called nonwoven fabrics (nonwovens) as well as so-called tissue papers under this name.
- nonwovens is usually understood to mean flexible, porous fabrics consisting of textile or plastic fibers.
- Tissue papers or hygiene papers called consist mainly of cellulose fibers and are characterized, inter alia, by a relatively low basis weight.
- Particularly suitable filter media are multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven materials, especially multi-ply, layered tissue papers.
- the absorbent used Nonwoven materials or tissue papers have no core inside, ie essentially no cavity.
- Such absorbent nonwoven materials are characterized by a basis weight of about 20 to 300 g / m 2, in particular of 25 to 200 g / m 2 and more preferably of 30 to 80 g / m 2 and by a so-called "bulk" (volume / gram) of 3 to 100 cm3 / g, in particular from 5 to 80 cm3 / g and particularly preferably from 6 to 60 cm3 / g.
- Such absorbent nonwoven materials have, inter alia, a dry or wet strength of 1 to 10,000 N / m, in particular from 10 to 5,000 N / m. It may be recommended that the individual layers of the absorbent nonwoven material consist of different fibers. Suitable multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven materials have in particular two, three, four, five or six layers.
- Natural fiber raw materials for such absorbent nonwoven materials are u. a. Natural fibers or nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, although mixtures of natural fibers or synthetic fibers can be used.
- Suitable fiber products include pulps which are by conventional pulping, for example by the sulphite process or by the sulphate process of softwood, for example, from spruce, fir, pine or larch wood, hardwood, such as beech, birch poplar or eucalyptus or from annual plants, such as cotton, bamboo, hemp or sisal are obtained.
- pulps derived from recycled paper can also be used.
- synthetic fibers such as Polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers, in particular based on aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl alcohol are used.
- pulps and optionally synthetic fibers can i.a. according to the TAD (Through Air Drying) process or after conventional drying process suitable web-shaped, creped or uncreped raw tissue products are prepared, which may optionally be mixed with conventional wet strength agents, dry strength agents, plasticizers or other auxiliaries and additives for papermaking.
- TAD Through Air Drying
- suitable web-shaped, creped or uncreped raw tissue products are prepared, which may optionally be mixed with conventional wet strength agents, dry strength agents, plasticizers or other auxiliaries and additives for papermaking.
- Particularly suitable filter media are above all those multi-layer, absorbent nonwoven materials in which at least one layer, preferably two, three, four or all layers are embossed.
- embossing areas of different density zones can be formed on the absorbent nonwoven material.
- embossing stations usually consist of an embossing roller, which has suitably shaped embossing nubs on its surface and a counter-roller, which is preferably constructed of such a surface material, which yields under pressure.
- Such a gap distance is selected between the embossing roll and the counter roll, that on the path of the tissue paper carried out or the non-wovens a corresponding embossing pattern can be imprinted.
- Such an embossing pattern can consist of different forms, which are separated from each other or connected to each other.
- connection of the individual layers of the absorbent nonwoven material can, inter alia, be achieved by bonding them together by suitable adhesives, for example by starch, by carboxymethyl cellulose or else by special polymers.
- suitable adhesives for example by starch, by carboxymethyl cellulose or else by special polymers.
- the individual layers can also u. a. be combined by so-called “edge embossing", by so-called “needling” or by the use of ultrasound.
- embossing nubs it may be advisable to mechanically treat the individual layers of the absorbent nonwoven material with a different number and a different shape of embossing nubs, for example with an embossing nip density of at least 10 nubs / cm 2, in particular of at least 15 nubs / cm 2.
- the absorbent nonwoven material may also have such a layer containing fibers of thermoplastic materials, for example fibers of polyolefins, of polyamides or of polyesters.
- the absorbent nonwoven material used may also be perforated so as to influence the flow rate of the fluid substances to be filtered.
- the filter medium used in the filter according to the invention ie the absorbent nonwoven material preferably has a round elongated shape which corresponds approximately to a column.
- the nonwoven material is present as a wound layer stratification, which is preferably closed at the lower part.
- the fluid substance to be filtered flows through the columnar filter medium from above and then flows predominantly radially outward, whereby it is subjected to the filtering action of the absorbent nonwoven material.
- the preferably columnar, multilayer, absorbent nonwoven material has a length of in particular 8 to 95 cm, more preferably from 10 to 55 cm and a diameter of about 4 to 45 cm, in particular from 5 to 35 cm.
- the columnar multilayer nonwoven material may also be configured to vary its diameter, thereby ultimately convex or concave forms may arise. It may be advisable to attach to the filter medium a hook, a dowel, a thread or a band, in order to achieve in this way that this can be replaced as easily.
- the chosen fastening means, ie the hook, the dowel, the thread or the band should consist of such a plastic, which does not dissolve in the fluid substance to be filtered.
- the filter medium may also have openings on its front side, so as to ensure a faster penetration of the fluid substance into the interior of the filter medium.
- both the absorbent nonwoven material and / or the filter housing of the filter according to the invention additionally comprise substances which are suitable for the controlled release of chemical additives.
- such substances bind the chemical additive to the filter housing and / or to the filter medium and, on the other hand, enable a temporally and quantitatively controlled delivery of suitable additives to the oils, fuels and aqueous or organic liquids to be filtered.
- the filter result can be improved and, on the other hand, the quality of the oils, fuels or aqueous or organic liquids to be filtered can be positively influenced.
- Suitable substances for this purpose include, inter alia, triazines, cyclodextrins, organic chelates or so-called fullerenes, which are all capable of enclosing said chemical additives within their spatial structure on the one hand on the other hand, if necessary, to be able to submit it again in a controlled manner.
- Typical chemical additives include anti-knock agents, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, microbiocides, antioxidants, carburetor cleaning agents, residue converters and anti-dicing agents for oils and fuels or water softeners, oxygen scavengers or buffers for aqueous liquids.
- the present invention also encompasses a method for producing the filter according to the invention.
- the filter housing is first produced by blow molding or injection molding or extrusion or by melt extrusion from the corresponding preferably thermoplastic plastics, which are first melted and then cooled in a suitable tool which corresponds to the complementary shape of the filter housing again.
- the filter medium i. the multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is then introduced into the interior of the filter housing, preferably in a holder provided therefor. But it is also possible to set up the filter medium on a thornisses structure.
- the filter according to the invention is particularly suitable for filtering oils, fuels or other aqueous or organic liquids, for example organic solvents or cooling liquids or emulsions.
- the use of the filter according to the invention for filtering oils which are used primarily in internal combustion engines or in processing engines, proves to be particularly suitable.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a filter 1 according to the invention, which consists inter alia of a filter housing 2 made of a thermoplastic material and at its longitudinal sides 3, 4 on the respective inner walls each structured surfaces 5, 6 has.
- the medium to be filtered is first passed through the inflow 7 into the interior of the filter housing 2, then flows through the absorbent filter medium in the form of a nonwoven material 8 and leaves the filter housing 2 in a filtered form through the outlet 9.
- FIG. 2a schematically illustrates a filter 1 according to the invention, which has on the inside of the filter housing 2, a structured surface of grooved lines or depressions 12, which preferably intersect.
- Fig. 2b schematically shows how the elevations 13 of the groove-shaped lines 12 of the structured surface protrude into the interior of the filter 1 according to the invention.
- the absorbent nonwoven material 8 is also shown in this figure.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a filter 1 according to the invention, of which only the filter housing 2 is shown. Its inner wall has a structured surface in the form of circles 14.
- a columnar filter housing having a length of 40 cm and a diameter of 15 cm was produced by injection molding.
- the filter housing contained in the lower center of a holder into which the filter medium can be introduced.
- the filter housing had an inlet and an outlet, wherein the drain can be closed by a threaded lid.
- the inner surface of the filter housing had line-shaped structures that changed along the imaginary connecting line from the inflow toward the outflow three times in such a way that the angle resulting from the imaginary line connecting the inflow and outflow on the one hand and the linear structures on the other hand, changed by about 30 ° each.
- the filter medium used was a three-ply tissue paper made from natural fibers (50% long fibers with an average fiber length of at least 1 mm and 50%). Short fibers with a fiber length of less than 1 mm) with the individual layers joined together by starch. By embossing the filter medium, about 30% of the total surface area of the tissue paper was compacted so that the tissue paper had zones of different density, which affected the flow rate of the fluid substances to be filtered.
- the three-ply tissue paper had a basis weight of 60 gsm.
- the filter thus obtained consisting of the filter housing described above and the filter medium was tested in a processing machine chipboard industry, a so-called particleboard press with regard to its filtering properties.
- the processing machine contained a standard in the chipboard industry hydraulic oil of the original quality standard (ISO 4406, purity class: 15/10), which was already used in this plant for three years and its purity has now been to a quality standard of (ISO 4406, purity class: 22/10 ) had dropped.
- the hydraulic oil was treated with the filter according to the invention, wherein in each case after 30 days, the filter according to the invention has been replaced by a new filter according to the invention.
- a sample of the hydraulic oil was removed from the chipboard press and then analyzed. A qualitative improvement of the obtained hydraulic oil to a quality standard of (ISO 4406, purity class: 19/17) was observed. During this time, no restriction was seen regarding the operability of the chipboard press.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen neuartigen Filter für fluide Substanzen, bestehend aus einem Filtergehäuse mit wenigstens einem Zufluss und wenigstens einem Abfluss sowie einem Filtermedium im Inneren des Filtergehäuses, wobei als Filtermedium ein absorbierendes Vliesmaterial verwendet wird, das Filtergehäuse im Inneren eine strukturierte Oberfläche zur Erzeugung von turbulenten Strömungen bei den fluiden Substanzen aufweist und aus entsprechenden Kunststoffen besteht und wobei als absorbierendes Vliesmaterial ein mehrlagiges, geschichtetes, absorbierendes Vliesmaterial verwendet wird.The present invention relates to a novel filter for fluid substances, consisting of a filter housing with at least one inlet and at least one drain and a filter medium in the interior of the filter housing, wherein the filter medium is an absorbent nonwoven material is used, the filter housing inside a structured surface for the production of turbulent flows in the fluid substances and consists of corresponding plastics and wherein as a nonwoven absorbent material, a multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used.
Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Filters sowie dessen Verwendung zum Filtern von Ölen, Kraftstoffen oder anderen fluiden Substanzen u. a. auch zum Filtern von Kraftstoffen vor deren Verbrennung.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing such a filter and its use for filtering oils, fuels or other fluid substances u. a. also for filtering fuels prior to their combustion.
Verbrennungsmotoren benötigen oft erhebliche Mengen an Ölen, damit die in Bewegung befindlichen Teile der Motoren möglichst reibungsfrei betrieben werden können.Internal combustion engines often require significant amounts of oils to allow the moving parts of the engines to operate as smoothly as possible.
Insbesondere bei längeren Betriebszeiten sammeln sich in den Ölen Verunreinigungen an, die sich auf Teilen des Motors ablagern können und dessen Betrieb somit beeinträchtigen können. Mit Hilfe von Filtern ist es möglich, die verwendeten Motoröle zu reinigen, wodurch die Betriebszeiten der Verbrennungsmotoren gesteigert werden können. Derartige Filter werden nicht nur bei Verbrennungsmotoren, sondern bei praktisch allen Arten von Motoren eingesetzt, bei denen die sich bewegenden Teile der Motoren bestimmte Mengen an fluiden Substanzen, insbesondere an geeigneten Ölen als Schmierstoffe benötigen.In particular, for longer periods of time accumulate in the oils impurities that can be deposited on parts of the engine and thus affect its operation. With the help of filters, it is possible to clean the engine oils used, whereby the operating times of the internal combustion engines can be increased. Such filters are used not only in internal combustion engines, but in virtually all types of engines, in which the moving parts of the engine require certain amounts of fluid substances, in particular of suitable oils as lubricants.
Aus der
Die
Gegenstand der
Die bisher bekannten Filter für fluide Substanzen bestehen üblicherweise aus einem metallischen Filtergehäuse, beispielsweise aus Aluminium, Eisen, Stahl, Kupfer oder aus den entsprechenden Legierungen und weisen im Inneren meist eine glatte Oberfläche auf. Das Filtergehäuse ist häufig schwer und von seiner Bauweise her u. a. durch die Verwendung von metallischen Gegenständen hinsichtlich seiner Form nicht sehr flexibel. Um den Austausch der Filter zu erleichtern, ist es wünschenswert, neuartige Filter zu entwickeln, welche leichter sind als die bisher bekannten Filter und die hinsichtlich ihrer Form besser der jeweiligen Umgebung in den Motoren angepasst werden können.The hitherto known filters for fluid substances usually consist of a metallic filter housing, for example of aluminum, iron, steel, copper or of the corresponding alloys and generally have a smooth surface inside. The filter housing is often heavy and u. a. not very flexible in shape due to the use of metallic objects. In order to facilitate the replacement of the filters, it is desirable to develop novel filters which are lighter than the hitherto known filters and whose shape can be better adapted to the particular environment in the engines.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, den geschilderten Nachteilen abzuhelfen und einen neuartigen Filter für fluide Substanzen, insbesondere für Motoröle zu entwickeln, der sich u. a. durch ein möglichst geringes Gewicht auszeichnet und der durch seine spezielle Form in besonderer Weise dazu geeignet ist, zu verhindern, dass sich Verunreinigungen auf Teilen von Motoren ablagern und auf diese Weise die Betriebszeiten des Filters verringern.The present invention was therefore based on the object to remedy the disadvantages described and to develop a novel filter for fluid substances, especially for motor oils, which is characterized among other things by the lowest possible weight and which is suitable by its special form in a special way to to prevent impurities from being deposited on parts of motors, thus reducing the operating time of the filter.
Demgemäß wurde ein neuartiger Filter für fluide Substanzen entwickelt, bestehend aus einem Filtergehäuse mit wenigstens einem Zufluss und wenigstens einem Abfluss sowie einem Filtermedium im Inneren des Filtergehäuses, wobei als Filtermedium ein absorbierendes Vliesmaterial verwendet wird, das Filtergehäuse im Inneren eine strukturierte Oberfläche zur Erzeugung von turbulenten Strömungen bei den fluiden Substanzen aufweist und aus entsprechenden Kunststoffen besteht und wobei als absorbierendes Vliesmaterial ein mehrlagiges, geschichtetes, absorbierendes Vliesmaterial verwendet wird.Accordingly, a novel filter for fluid substances has been developed, consisting of a filter housing with at least one inlet and at least one drain and a filter medium in the interior of the filter housing, wherein the filter medium is an absorbent nonwoven material is used, the filter housing inside a structured surface for generating turbulent Having flows in the fluid substances and consists of corresponding plastics and wherein a multi-layer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used as the absorbent nonwoven material.
Vorzugsweise wird dabei ein solches mehrlagiges, geschichtetes, absorbierendes Vliesmaterial eingesetzt, welches im Inneren keinen Kern aufweist, d.h. im Inneren liegt kein Hohlraum vor. Es ist aber auch möglich, ein solches absorbierendes Vliesmaterial zu verwenden, welches einen Hohlraum enthält. Die Bezeichnung geschichtetes, absorbierendes Vliesmaterial bezieht sich darauf, dass dieses nicht in Form von einzelnen Blättern für den erfindungsgemäßen Zweck eingesetzt werden soll, sondern vielmehr als so genannte Schichtung von mehreren aufeinander gestapelten Abschnitten des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials oder aber als so genannte Wickelung vorliegt, wobei das absorbierende Vliesmaterial u. a. zu einer Rolle aufgewickelt werden kann.Preferably, such a multi-layer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is used, which has no core inside, ie, there is no cavity in the interior. However, it is also possible to use such an absorbent nonwoven material which contains a cavity. The term layered nonwoven absorbent material refers to not being used in the form of individual sheets for the purpose of the present invention, but rather is referred to as so-called lamination of several stacked portions of the absorbent nonwoven material or as so-called winding absorbent nonwoven material can be wound into a roll, among other things.
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter eignet sich insbesondere zum Filtern verschiedenartiger fluider Substanzen, beispielsweise von Ölen, Schmierstoffen, Kraftstoffen oder anderer fluider Medien, u. a. von wässrigen oder organischen Flüssigkeiten oder von Emulsionen. Er besteht aus einem Filtergehäuse mit wenigstens einem Zufluss und wenigstens einem Abfluss und kann vorzugsweise auch vergleichbar einer Kartusche in ein weiteres äußeres Gehäuse eingesetzt werden, welches ebenfalls mindestens einen Zufluss und einen Abfluss aufweist. Auf diese Weise sind die erfindungsgemäßen Filter leicht austauschbar.The filter according to the invention is particularly suitable for filtering various fluid substances, such as oils, lubricants, fuels or other fluid media, u. a. of aqueous or organic liquids or of emulsions. It consists of a filter housing with at least one inflow and at least one outflow and can preferably also be used comparable to a cartridge in a further outer housing, which likewise has at least one inflow and one outflow. In this way, the filters according to the invention are easily replaceable.
Das Filtergehäuse des erfindungsgemäßen Filters weist vorzugsweise eine runde längliche Form auf, die der einer Säule ähnelt. Je nach Einsatzgebiet des Filters beträgt die Länge des Gehäuses ca. 10 bis 100 cm, insbesondere ca. 15 bis 60 cm und dessen Durchmesser etwa 5 bis 50 cm, vorzugsweise etwa 8 bis 40 cm. Neben der Säulenform sind selbstverständlich auch andere geometrische Formen denkbar, beispielsweise die Form eines Rechtecks oder die eines Quadrats.The filter housing of the filter according to the invention preferably has a round elongated shape which is similar to that of a column. Depending on the field of application of the filter, the length of the housing is about 10 to 100 cm, in particular about 15 to 60 cm and the diameter of about 5 to 50 cm, preferably about 8 to 40 cm. In addition to the column shape, of course, other geometric shapes are conceivable, for example the shape of a rectangle or a square.
Mehrere der erfindungsgemäßen Filter können sowohl parallel zueinander als auch in Reihe geschaltet werden. Es empfiehlt sich, das Volumen des Filters an die Menge der zu filtrierenden fluiden Substanzen sowie an deren Reinheit anzupassen.Several of the filters according to the invention can be connected both parallel to one another and in series. It is advisable to adapt the volume of the filter to the amount of fluid substances to be filtered and to their purity.
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter ist weiterhin vorzugsweise dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Filtergehäuse im Inneren eine solche strukturierte Oberfläche enthält, die sich vom Zufluss zum Abfluss hin in Bezug auf ihre Form und/oder ihre Geometrie ändert. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass die fluide Substanz beim Durchströmen der Filterpackung mindestens einmal ihre Richtung ändert, wodurch Turbulenzen entstehen können, welche Ablagerungen an den Innenwänden des Filters beseitigen können.The filter according to the invention is further preferably characterized in that the filter housing contains in the interior of such a structured surface, which changes from the inflow to the outflow with respect to their shape and / or their geometry. On In this way it is achieved that the fluid substance changes its direction at least once as it flows through the filter pack, which can cause turbulence, which can eliminate deposits on the inner walls of the filter.
Das Gehäuse des Filters kann im Inneren einerseits geschlossene geometrische Strukturen aufweisen, beispielsweise Kreise, Spiralen, Ovale, Rechtecke, Quadrate oder aber auch Rauten. Andererseits ist es auch möglich, dass die strukturierte Oberfläche linienförmige Strukturen enthält. Unter der Bezeichnung linienförmige Strukturen sollen sowohl durchgehende Linien als auch unterbrochene Linien verstanden werden. Weiterhin können auch Strukturen von sich kreuzenden Linien vorliegen. Vorzugsweise sollen sich die linienförmigen Strukturen in Richtung vom Zufluss zum Abfluss hin mindestens einmal in der Weise ändern, dass der Winkel, welcher sich aus der gedachten Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Zufluss und dem Abfluss einerseits und den linienförmigen Strukturen andererseits ergibt, sich mindestens einmal um wenigstens 1 °, vorzugsweise um wenigstens 5° und insbesondere um wenigstens 10° ändert. Um die fluide Substanz in jedem Fall zu einer Richtungsänderung entlang der inneren Oberfläche zu zwingen, sollen auch die geschlossenen geometrischen Strukturen entlang der gedachten Verbindungslinie in Richtung vom Zufluss zum Abfluss hin wenigstens eine strukturelle Änderung erfahren.The housing of the filter can on the one hand have closed geometric structures on the one hand, such as circles, spirals, ovals, rectangles, squares or diamonds. On the other hand, it is also possible that the structured surface contains linear structures. The term linear structures should be understood as meaning both solid lines and broken lines. Furthermore, there may also be structures of intersecting lines. Preferably, the line-shaped structures should change at least once in the direction from the inflow to the outflow such that the angle resulting from the imaginary connecting line between the inflow and the outflow on the one hand and the line-shaped structures on the other hand at least once at least once °, preferably by at least 5 ° and in particular by at least 10 ° changes. In any case, in order to force the fluid substance to change direction along the inner surface, the closed geometric structures should also undergo at least one structural change along the imaginary connecting line in the direction from the inflow to the outflow.
Bezogen auf den gesamten Durchmesser des Filtergehäuses liegt der Anteil des Durchmessers der strukturierten Wanddicke vorzugsweise bei weniger als 10 %, insbesondere bei 2 bis 5%.Based on the total diameter of the filter housing, the proportion of the diameter of the structured wall thickness is preferably less than 10%, in particular 2 to 5%.
Das Filtergehäuse kann auch in der Weise ausgestaltet werden, dass sich der Durchmesser entlang der gedachten Verbindungslinie vom Zufluss zum Abfluss hin ändert, wodurch das Filtergehäuse sowohl eine konvexe als auch eine konkave Form annehmen kann. Auf diese Weise kann ebenfalls die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der fluiden Substanz beeinflusst werden.The filter housing can also be configured in such a way that the diameter changes along the imaginary connecting line from the inflow to the outflow, whereby the filter housing can assume both a convex and a concave shape. In this way, the flow velocity of the fluid substance can also be influenced.
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter kann weiterhin noch Abdeckungen, wie zum Beispiel Deckel am Zufluss und/oder am Abfluss aufweisen, um den Filter gegebenenfalls auch abschließen zu können. Vorzugsweise sollte der Abfluss des Filters einen solchen Deckel enthalten. Es empfiehlt sich, den Deckel drehbar auszugestalten, beispielsweise durch ein Gewinde.The filter according to the invention can furthermore also have covers, such as covers at the inlet and / or at the outlet, in order to be able to close off the filter if appropriate. Preferably, the drain of the filter should contain such a lid. It is recommended to design the cover rotatable, for example by a thread.
Weiterhin sollte das Filtergehäuse nicht etwa aus verschiedenen Einzelteilen eines Bausatzes bestehen, sondern vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen aus einem, möglichst geschlossenen Teil aus einem entsprechenden Kunststoff aufgebaut sein. Vorzugsweise soll dabei das Filtergehäuse aus einem so genannten thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehen. Das Filtergehäuse kann aber noch eine wenige kleine Bauteile aufweisen, die nicht aus dem gewählten, bevorzugt thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehen, sondern aus einem anderen, vorzugsweise thermoplastischen Kunststoff oder aber aus Metallen. Wichtig ist, dass der wesentliche Teil des Filtergehäuses ein ganzes, in sich geschlossenes, aus einem bevorzugt thermoplastischen Kunststoff bestehendes Teil darstellt. Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich, dass der erfindungsgemäße Filter aus zwei verschiedenen Filtergehäusen mit gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Filtermedien besteht, die u. a. durch Verschrauben miteinander verbunden werden können. Auf diese Weise können zwei erfindungsgemäße Filter mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften zu einem neuen erfindungsgemäßen Filter kombiniert werden.Furthermore, the filter housing should not consist of different individual parts of a kit, but preferably be constructed essentially of a, as close as possible part of a corresponding plastic. Preferably, the filter housing should consist of a so-called thermoplastic material. However, the filter housing may still have a few small components that do not consist of the selected, preferably thermoplastic, but of another, preferably thermoplastic material or of metals. It is important that the essential part of the filter housing is a whole, self-contained, consisting of a preferably thermoplastic plastic part. In addition, it is also possible that the inventive filter two different filter housings with the same or different filter media, which can be connected to each other by screwing. In this way, two filters according to the invention with different properties can be combined to form a novel filter according to the invention.
Als geeignete thermoplastische Kunststoffe kommen u. a. Polystyrole, Polyamide, Polyester, Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), Polysulfone, Polyetherketone, Polycycloolefine, Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Polycarbonate, Polyurethane, Polyacetale wie zum Beispiel Polyoxymethylen, Polyacetate, Polyethersulfone oder Polyolefine in Betracht. Dabei sind sowohl Homopolymere als auch Copolymere dieser thermoplastischen Kunststoffe einsetzbar. Vorzugsweise besteht das Filtergehäuse aus Polyolefinen wie beispielsweise Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polybut-1en, Polyisobutylen, Polypent-1-en oder aber Polyhex-1-en, wobei insbesondere Polyethylen oder Polypropylen verwendet wird.As suitable thermoplastics u. a. Polystyrenes, polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polysulfones, polyether ketones, polycycloolefins, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene, polyacetates, polyethersulfones or polyolefins into consideration. Both homopolymers and copolymers of these thermoplastics can be used. Preferably, the filter housing consists of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Polybut-1en, polyisobutylene, polypent-1-ene or polyhex-1-en, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene is used.
Unter der Bezeichnung Polyethylen sollen dabei sowohl Homopolymere als auch Copolymere des Ethylens mit untergeordneten Anteilen anderer C3-C10 Alk-1-ene verstanden werden, beispielsweise mit Propylen, But-1-en, Pent-1-en, Hex-1-en oder Oct-1-en.
Weiterhin kommen hierbei Copolymere des Ethylens mit copolymerisierbaren polaren Comonomeren in Betracht, beispielsweise mit Vinylacetat oder aber mit ungesättigten Acrylaten oder Methacrylaten. Derartige Polyethylene sind u.a. durch Dichten von 0.89 bis 0,98 g/cm3, insbesondere von 0,89 bis 0,96 g/cm3 gekennzeichnet. Die Herstellung solcher Polyethylene erfolgt u. a. durch übliche Verfahren, beispielsweise durch Hochdruckpolymerisation mit radikalischen Initiatoren, oder aber durch katalytische Polymerisation mit titanhaltigen Ziegler-Katalysatoren, metallocenhaltigen Katalysatoren oder aber mit chromhaltigen Philippskatalysatoren.The term polyethylene is to be understood as meaning both homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene with minor proportions of other C 3 -C 10 -alk-1-enes, for example with propylene, but-1-ene, pent-1-ene, hex-1-ene or oct-1-ene.
Also suitable here are copolymers of ethylene with copolymerizable polar comonomers, for example with vinyl acetate or else with unsaturated acrylates or methacrylates. Such polyethylenes are characterized inter alia by densities of 0.89 to 0.98 g / cm3, in particular from 0.89 to 0.96 g / cm3. The production such polyethylenes is carried out, inter alia, by customary processes, for example by high-pressure polymerization with free-radical initiators, or else by catalytic polymerization with titanium-containing Ziegler catalysts, metallocene-containing catalysts or else chromium-containing Philippine catalysts.
Weitere besonders geeignete thermoplastische Kunststoffe sind Homopolymere und Copolymere des Propylens mit untergeordneten Anteilen anderer C2-C10-Alk-1-ene, beispielsweise mit Ethylen oder mit But-1-en, Pent-1-en, Hex-1-en oder Oct-1-en.
Es können dabei auch zwei oder mehrere verschiedene Comonomere im Polypropylen verwendet werden. Derartige Polypropylene weisen vorzugsweise eine Schmelzflußrate (MFR), nach ISO 1133, von 0,1 bis 200 g/10 min., insbesondere von 0,2 bis 150 g/10 min. und besonders bevorzugt von 0,5 bis 100 g/10 min., bei 230°C und unter einem Gewicht von 2,16 kg, auf. Die Schmelzflussrate entspricht dabei der Menge an Polymer, die innerhalb von 10 Minuten aus der nach ISO 1133 genormten Prüfvorrichtung bei einer Temperatur von 230° C und unter einem Gewicht von 2,16 kg ausgepresst wird. Die Herstellung derartiger Polypropylene kann beispielsweise mit Hilfe so genannter Ziegler-Natta-Katalysatoren erfolgen. Es können aber auch Katalysatorsysteme auf der Basis von polymerisationsaktiven Metallkomplexen, so genannten Metallocenen, eingesetzt werden.Further particularly suitable thermoplastics are homopolymers and copolymers of propylene with minor amounts of other C 2 -C 10 -alk-1-enes, for example with ethylene or with 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene or octene 1-ene.
It can also be used in polypropylene two or more different comonomers. Such polypropylenes preferably have a melt flow rate (MFR) according to ISO 1133 of from 0.1 to 200 g / 10 min., In particular from 0.2 to 150 g / 10 min. and more preferably from 0.5 to 100 g / 10 min, at 230 ° C and under a weight of 2.16 kg. The melt flow rate corresponds to the amount of polymer which is pressed within 10 minutes from the ISO 1133 standardized test device at a temperature of 230 ° C and under a weight of 2.16 kg. The preparation of such polypropylenes can be carried out, for example, with the aid of so-called Ziegler-Natta catalysts. However, it is also possible to use catalyst systems based on polymerization-active metal complexes, so-called metallocenes.
Das Gehäuse des erfindungsgemäßen Filters kann auch aus so genannten halogenierten Kunststoffen aufgebaut sein, insbesondere aus halogenierten Polyolefinen. Besonders bevorzugt sind dabei vor allem fluorierte Polyethylene oder aber fluorierte Polypropylene. Derartige fluorierte Polyolefine haben u. a. den Vorteil, dass bei ihnen auch bei höheren Temperaturen praktisch keine Diffusion der Öle aus dem Filtergehäuse beobachtet werden kann. Weitere geeignete fluorierte Polymere sind u. a. Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) oder aber Polyvinylfluorid.The housing of the filter according to the invention can also be constructed of so-called halogenated plastics, in particular halogenated polyolefins. Especially preferred are fluorinated polyethylenes or else fluorinated Polypropylenes. Such fluorinated polyolefins have the advantage, inter alia, that even at relatively high temperatures practically no diffusion of the oils from the filter housing can be observed. Other suitable fluorinated polymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinyl fluoride.
Die Herstellung des Filtergehäuses kann nach üblichen Verfahren der Kunststoffverarbeitung erfolgen, u. a. durch Schmelzextrusion, durch Blasformen, durch Strangpressen oder aber durch Spritzgießen, ausgehend von den entsprechend gewählten, vorzugsweise thermoplastischen Kunststoffen. Bevorzugte Herstellungsverfahren sind insbesondere das Blasformen oder das Spritzgießen. Dabei werden die gewählten vorzugsweise thermoplastischen Polymere zunächst geschmolzen, dann in ein Werkzeug eingebracht, das dem Filtergehäuse entsprechen soll und dort anschließend wieder erkaltet.The production of the filter housing can be done by conventional methods of plastics processing, u. a. by melt extrusion, by blow molding, by extrusion or by injection molding, starting from the appropriately selected, preferably thermoplastic plastics. Preferred production methods are, in particular, blow molding or injection molding. The selected preferably thermoplastic polymers are first melted, then introduced into a tool that is to correspond to the filter housing and then cooled down there again.
Weiterhin weist der erfindungsgemäße Filter als Filtermedium ein absorbierendes Vliesmaterial auf, wobei unter dieser Bezeichnung sowohl so genannte Vliesstoffe (nonwovens) als auch so genannte Tissuepapiere verstanden werden sollen. Unter der Bezeichnung "nonwovens" versteht man üblicherweise flexible, poröse, aus Textil- oder aus Kunststofffasern bestehende Flächengebilde. Tissuepapiere oder auch Hygienepapiere genannt bestehen überwiegend aus Cellulosefasern und zeichnen sich u. a. durch ein relativ geringes Flächengewicht aus. Besonders geeignete Filtermedien sind mehrlagige, geschichtete, absorbierende Vliesmaterialien, insbesondere mehrlagige, geschichtete Tissuepapiere. Vorzugsweise sollen die eingesetzten absorbierenden Vliesmaterialien bzw. Tissuepapiere im Inneren keinen Kern aufweisen, d.h. im wesentlichen keinen Hohlraum. Derartige absorbierende Vliesmaterialien zeichnen sich durch ein Flächengewicht von etwa 20 bis 300 g/m2, insbesondere von 25 bis 200 g/m2 und besonders bevorzugt von 30 bis 80 g/m2 und durch einen sogenannten "Bulk" (Volumen/Gramm) von 3 bis 100 cm3/g, insbesondere von 5 bis 80 cm3/g und besonders bevorzugt von 6 bis 60 cm3/g aus. Weiterhin weisen solche absorbierende Vliesmaterialien u. a. eine Trocken- bzw. Nassfestigkeit von 1 bis 10 000 N/m, insbesondere von 10 bis 5 000 N/m auf. Es kann sich empfehlen, dass die einzelnen Lagen des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials aus unterschiedlichen Fasern bestehen. Geeignete mehrlagige, geschichtete absorbierende Vliesmaterialien weisen insbesondere zwei, drei, vier, fünf oder sechs Lagen auf.Furthermore, the filter according to the invention as a filter medium to an absorbent nonwoven material, which should be understood as so-called nonwoven fabrics (nonwovens) as well as so-called tissue papers under this name. The term "nonwovens" is usually understood to mean flexible, porous fabrics consisting of textile or plastic fibers. Tissue papers or hygiene papers called consist mainly of cellulose fibers and are characterized, inter alia, by a relatively low basis weight. Particularly suitable filter media are multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven materials, especially multi-ply, layered tissue papers. Preferably, the absorbent used Nonwoven materials or tissue papers have no core inside, ie essentially no cavity. Such absorbent nonwoven materials are characterized by a basis weight of about 20 to 300 g /
Übliche Faserrohstoffe für derartige absorbierende Vliesmaterialien sind u. a. Naturfasern oder Vliese aus Kunstfasern, wobei auch Mischungen aus Naturfasern oder Kunstfasern eingesetzt werden können.Usual fiber raw materials for such absorbent nonwoven materials are u. a. Natural fibers or nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, although mixtures of natural fibers or synthetic fibers can be used.
Geeignete Faserprodukte sind u. a. Zellstoffe, die nach üblichen Aufschlussverfahren, beispielsweise nach dem Sulfitverfahren oder aber nach dem Sulfatverfahren aus Nadelholz, beispielsweise aus Fichten-, Tannen-, Kiefern- oder Lärchenholz, aus Laubholz, beispielsweise aus Buchen-, Birken- Pappel- oder Eukalyptusholz oder aber aus Einjahrespflanzen, beispielsweise aus Baumwolle, Bambus, Hanf oder Sisal gewonnen werden. Als Faserprodukte können auch Zellstoffe verwendet werden, die von wiederverwertetem Papier stammen. Daneben können auch Kunstfasern, wie beispielsweise Polyethylenfasern, Polypropylenfasern, Polyesterfasern, insbesondere auf Basis von aromatischen Polyestern wie Polyethylenterephthalat sowie Polyvinylalkohol eingesetzt werden.Suitable fiber products include pulps which are by conventional pulping, for example by the sulphite process or by the sulphate process of softwood, for example, from spruce, fir, pine or larch wood, hardwood, such as beech, birch poplar or eucalyptus or from annual plants, such as cotton, bamboo, hemp or sisal are obtained. As fiber products, pulps derived from recycled paper can also be used. In addition, synthetic fibers, such as Polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers, in particular based on aromatic polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl alcohol are used.
Aus derartigen Zellstoffen und gegebenenfalls Kunstfasern können u.a. nach dem TAD (Through Air Drying)-Verfahren oder aber nach konventionellen Trocknungsverfahren geeignete bahnförmige, gekreppte oder aber auch ungekreppte Rohtissueprodukte hergestellt werden, welche gegebenenfalls noch mit üblichen Naßfestmitteln, Trockenfestmitteln, Weichmachern oder anderen Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffen für die Papierherstellung versetzt werden können.From such pulps and optionally synthetic fibers can i.a. according to the TAD (Through Air Drying) process or after conventional drying process suitable web-shaped, creped or uncreped raw tissue products are prepared, which may optionally be mixed with conventional wet strength agents, dry strength agents, plasticizers or other auxiliaries and additives for papermaking.
Gut geeignete Filtermedien sind vor allem auch solche mehrlagigen, absorbierenden Vliesmaterialien, bei denen wenigstens eine Lage, vorzugsweise zwei, drei, vier bzw. alle Lagen geprägt sind. Durch das Prägen können beim absorbierenden Vliesmaterial Flächen mit unterschiedlichen Dichtezonen gebildet werden. Beim Prägen von solchen Materialien werden diese im so genannten Converting-Teil der Herstellung einer mechanischen Deformation unterworfen, wobei einzelne oder aber auch mehrere Faserbahnen durch eine oder mehrere Prägestationen hindurchgeführt werden. Derartige Prägestationen bestehen üblicherweise aus einer Prägewalze, die in geeigneter Weise geformte Prägenoppen auf ihrer Oberfläche aufweist und einer Gegenwalze, die vorzugsweise aus einem solchen Oberflächenmaterial aufgebaut ist, das unter Druck nachgibt. Zwischen der Prägewalze und der Gegenwalze wird dabei ein solcher Spaltabstand gewählt, dass auf die hin durchgeführte Bahn des Tissuepapiers oder des non-wovens ein entsprechendes Prägemuster aufgeprägt werden kann. Ein solches Prägemuster kann aus verschiedenen Formen bestehen, welche voneinander getrennt oder aber miteinander verbunden sind.Particularly suitable filter media are above all those multi-layer, absorbent nonwoven materials in which at least one layer, preferably two, three, four or all layers are embossed. By embossing, areas of different density zones can be formed on the absorbent nonwoven material. When embossing such materials, they are subjected to a mechanical deformation in the so-called converting part of the production, wherein individual or even several fiber webs are passed through one or more embossing stations. Such embossing stations usually consist of an embossing roller, which has suitably shaped embossing nubs on its surface and a counter-roller, which is preferably constructed of such a surface material, which yields under pressure. In this case, such a gap distance is selected between the embossing roll and the counter roll, that on the path of the tissue paper carried out or the non-wovens a corresponding embossing pattern can be imprinted. Such an embossing pattern can consist of different forms, which are separated from each other or connected to each other.
Die Verbindung der einzelnen Lagen des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials kann unter anderem dadurch erreicht werden, dass diese durch geeignete Klebstoffe, beispielsweise durch Stärke, durch Carboxymethylcellulose oder aber durch spezielle Polymere miteinander verbunden werden. Die einzelnen Lagen können aber auch u. a. durch ein so genanntes "edge embossing", durch sogenanntes "needling" oder durch den Einsatz von Ultraschall miteinander kombiniert werden.The connection of the individual layers of the absorbent nonwoven material can, inter alia, be achieved by bonding them together by suitable adhesives, for example by starch, by carboxymethyl cellulose or else by special polymers. The individual layers can also u. a. be combined by so-called "edge embossing", by so-called "needling" or by the use of ultrasound.
Es kann sich empfehlen, die einzelnen Lagen des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials mit einer unterschiedlichen Zahl und einer unterschiedlichen Form von Prägenoppen mechanisch zu behandeln, beispielsweise mit einer Prägenoppendichte von mindestens 10 Noppen/cm2, insbesondere von mindestens 15 Noppen/cm2.It may be advisable to mechanically treat the individual layers of the absorbent nonwoven material with a different number and a different shape of embossing nubs, for example with an embossing nip density of at least 10 nubs /
Darüber hinaus kann das absorbierende Vliesmaterial auch eine solche Lage aufweisen, die Fasern aus thermoplastischen Kunststoffen enthält, beispielsweise Fasern aus Polyolefinen, aus Polyamiden oder aber aus Polyestern. Das verwendete absorbierende Vliesmaterial kann auch perforiert sein, um auch auf diese Weise die Fließgeschwindigkeit der zu filtrierenden fluiden Substanzen zu beeinflussen.In addition, the absorbent nonwoven material may also have such a layer containing fibers of thermoplastic materials, for example fibers of polyolefins, of polyamides or of polyesters. The absorbent nonwoven material used may also be perforated so as to influence the flow rate of the fluid substances to be filtered.
Durch die Wahl der jeweiligen Fasern und die Anzahl der Lagen sowie die Art, das Design und die Anzahl der Prägemuster ist es möglich, insbesondere die radiale Strömung der fluiden Substanzen zu fördern, um auf diese Weise die Eigenschaften des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials vor allem hinsichtlich seiner Filterfähigkeit zu verbessern.By the choice of the respective fibers and the number of layers as well as the type, the design and the number of embossing patterns, it is possible, in particular to promote the radial flow of the fluid substances, in order in this way the properties of the absorbent nonwoven material, especially with regard to its filterability to improve.
Es ist auch möglich, mehrere absorbierende Vliesmaterialien als Filtermedien sowohl in Reihe als auch parallel zu schalten, um auf diese Weise den Fluss der fluiden Substanzen durch das Filtergehäuse zu optimieren und ein besseres Filterergebnis zu erzielen. In die verwendeten Hygienepapiere können auch Depots aus Superabsorbern, beispielsweise auf Basis von vernetzter Polyacrylsäure eingebaut werden, um so störende Wasserreste zu binden.It is also possible to connect several absorbent nonwoven materials as filter media both in series and in parallel, thus optimizing the flow of fluid through the filter housing and achieving a better filtration result. Deposits made of superabsorbers, for example based on crosslinked polyacrylic acid, can also be incorporated into the hygiene papers used in order to bind disturbing water residues.
Das im erfindungsgemäßen Filter eingesetzte Filtermedium, d.h. das absorbierende Vliesmaterial weist bevorzugt eine runde längliche Form auf, die in etwa einer Säule entspricht. Das Vliesmaterial liegt dabei im Regelfall als gewickelte Lagenschichtung vor, die am unteren Teil vorzugsweise geschlossen ist. Die zu filtrierende fluide Substanz durchströmt von oben her das säulenförmige Filtermedium und fließt dann überwiegend radial nach außen, wobei es der Filterwirkung des absorbierenden Vliesmaterials unterworfen wird. Das vorzugsweise säulenförmige, mehrlagige, absorbierende Vliesmaterial weist eine Länge von insbesondere 8 bis 95 cm, besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 55 cm und einen Durchmesser von etwa 4 bis 45 cm, insbesondere von 5 bis 35 cm auf. Das säulenförmige, mehrlagige Vliesmaterial kann auch in der Weise ausgestaltet werden, dass dessen Durchmesser variiert wird, wodurch letztlich konvexe oder aber konkave Formen entstehen können. Es kann sich empfehlen, an das Filtermedium einen Haken, einen Dübel, einen Faden oder ein Band zu befestigen, um auf diese Weise zu erreichen, dass dieses möglichst leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Vorzugsweise sollte das gewählte Befestigungsmittel, d.h. der Haken, der Dübel, der Faden oder das Band aus einem solchen Kunststoff bestehen, der sich in der fluiden, zu filtrierenden Substanz nicht löst.The filter medium used in the filter according to the invention, ie the absorbent nonwoven material preferably has a round elongated shape which corresponds approximately to a column. As a rule, the nonwoven material is present as a wound layer stratification, which is preferably closed at the lower part. The fluid substance to be filtered flows through the columnar filter medium from above and then flows predominantly radially outward, whereby it is subjected to the filtering action of the absorbent nonwoven material. The preferably columnar, multilayer, absorbent nonwoven material has a length of in particular 8 to 95 cm, more preferably from 10 to 55 cm and a diameter of about 4 to 45 cm, in particular from 5 to 35 cm. The columnar multilayer nonwoven material may also be configured to vary its diameter, thereby ultimately convex or concave forms may arise. It may be advisable to attach to the filter medium a hook, a dowel, a thread or a band, in order to achieve in this way that this can be replaced as easily. Preferably, the chosen fastening means, ie the hook, the dowel, the thread or the band should consist of such a plastic, which does not dissolve in the fluid substance to be filtered.
Das Filtermedium kann auch an seiner Stirnseite Öffnungen aufweisen, um so eine raschere Penetration der fluiden Substanz ins Innere des Filtermediums zu gewährleisten.The filter medium may also have openings on its front side, so as to ensure a faster penetration of the fluid substance into the interior of the filter medium.
Weiterhin kann es sich empfehlen, dass sowohl das absorbierende Vliesmaterial und/oder das Filtergehäuse des erfindungsgemäßen Filters zusätzlich Substanzen aufweisen, welche zur kontrollierten Abgabe von chemischen Additiven geeignet sind. Derartige Substanzen binden einerseits das chemische Additiv am Filtergehäuse und/oder am Filtermedium und ermöglichen andererseits eine zeitlich und mengenmäßig kontrollierte Abgabe von geeigneten Additiven an die zu filtrierenden Öle, Kraftstoffe und wässrigen bzw. organischen Flüssigkeiten. Auf diese Weise kann einerseits das Filterergebnis verbessert werden und andererseits die Qualität der zu filtrierenden Öle, Kraftstoffe oder wässrigen bzw. organischen Flüssigkeiten positiv beeinflusst werden. Hierfür gut geeignete Substanzen sind u. a. Triazine, Cyclodextrine, organische Chelate oder aber so genannte Fullerene, welche alle in der Lage sind, die besagten chemischen Additive innerhalb ihrer räumlichen Struktur einerseits einschließen zu können und andererseits bei Bedarf kontrolliert wieder abgeben zu können. Übliche chemische Additive sind u. a. Antiklopfmittel, Korrosionsinhibitoren, Metalldesaktivatoren, Mikrobiozide, Antioxidantien, Vergaserreinigungsmittel, Rückstandsumwandler und Antiicing-Mittel bei Ölen und Kraftstoffen oder aber Wasserenthärter, Sauerstoffentferner oder Puffer bei wässrigen Flüssigkeiten.Furthermore, it may be recommended that both the absorbent nonwoven material and / or the filter housing of the filter according to the invention additionally comprise substances which are suitable for the controlled release of chemical additives. On the one hand, such substances bind the chemical additive to the filter housing and / or to the filter medium and, on the other hand, enable a temporally and quantitatively controlled delivery of suitable additives to the oils, fuels and aqueous or organic liquids to be filtered. In this way, on the one hand, the filter result can be improved and, on the other hand, the quality of the oils, fuels or aqueous or organic liquids to be filtered can be positively influenced. Suitable substances for this purpose include, inter alia, triazines, cyclodextrins, organic chelates or so-called fullerenes, which are all capable of enclosing said chemical additives within their spatial structure on the one hand on the other hand, if necessary, to be able to submit it again in a controlled manner. Typical chemical additives include anti-knock agents, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, microbiocides, antioxidants, carburetor cleaning agents, residue converters and anti-dicing agents for oils and fuels or water softeners, oxygen scavengers or buffers for aqueous liquids.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Filters. Dabei wird zunächst das Filtergehäuse durch Blasformen oder Spritzgießen bzw. Strangpressen oder aber durch Schmelzextrusion aus den entsprechenden vorzugsweise thermoplastischen Kunststoffen hergestellt, wobei diese zunächst aufgeschmolzen werden und anschließend in einem geeigneten Werkzeug, welches der komplementäre Form des Filtergehäuses entspricht, wieder erkaltet werden. Im Anschluss daran wird das Filtermedium, d.h. das mehrlagige, geschichtete, absorbierende Vliesmaterial dann in das Innere des Filtergehäuses eingebracht, bevorzugt in eine dafür vorgesehene Halterung. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Filtermedium auf ein dornhaltiges Gebilde aufzusetzen.The present invention also encompasses a method for producing the filter according to the invention. In this case, the filter housing is first produced by blow molding or injection molding or extrusion or by melt extrusion from the corresponding preferably thermoplastic plastics, which are first melted and then cooled in a suitable tool which corresponds to the complementary shape of the filter housing again. Following this, the filter medium, i. the multilayer, layered, absorbent nonwoven material is then introduced into the interior of the filter housing, preferably in a holder provided therefor. But it is also possible to set up the filter medium on a thornhaltiges structure.
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter eignet sich vor allem zum Filtern von Ölen, Kraftstoffen oder anderen wässrigen oder organischen Flüssigkeiten, beispielsweise von organischen Lösungsmitteln oder Kühlflüssigkeiten oder aber von Emulsionen. Dabei erweist sich die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Filters zum Filtern von Ölen, die vor allem in Verbrennungsmotoren oder in Verarbeitungsmotoren eingesetzt werden, als besonders geeignet. Weiterhin kann es sich empfehlen, den erfindungsgemäßen Filter zum Filtrieren von Kraftstoffen vor deren Verbrennung zu verwenden, um auf diese Weise zur Reduzierung von Russpartikeln in Dieselmotoren beizutragen.The filter according to the invention is particularly suitable for filtering oils, fuels or other aqueous or organic liquids, for example organic solvents or cooling liquids or emulsions. In this case, the use of the filter according to the invention for filtering oils, which are used primarily in internal combustion engines or in processing engines, proves to be particularly suitable. Furthermore, it may be advisable to filter the invention for To use filtration of fuels prior to their combustion, so as to contribute to the reduction of soot particles in diesel engines.
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter soll an Hand von drei nachstehenden Figuren graphisch dargestellt werden, wobei die skizzierten Formen nicht einschränkend hinsichtlich der möglichen Ausführungsformen zu werten sind.The filter according to the invention will be illustrated graphically with reference to three figures below, the shapes outlined not being limiting in terms of the possible embodiments.
Die
Die
Der erfindungsgemäße Filter wird nachstehend an Hand eines vorteilhaften Beispiels näher erläutert.The filter according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an advantageous example.
Aus einem fluorierten Polyethylen wurde durch Spritzgießen ein säulenförmiges Filtergehäuse hergestellt, das eine Länge von 40 cm und einen Durchmesser von 15 cm aufwies. Das Filtergehäuse enthielt in der unteren Mitte eine Halterung, in die das Filtermedium eingebracht werden kann. Daneben verfügte das Filtergehäuse über einen Zufluss und einen Abfluss, wobei der Abfluss durch einen mit einem Gewinde versehenen Deckel verschlossen werden kann. Die innere Oberfläche des Filtergehäuses wies linienförmige Strukturen auf, die sich entlang der gedachten Verbindungslinie vom Zufluss in Richtung auf den Abfluss dreimal in der Weise änderten, dass der Winkel, der sich aus der gedachten Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Zufluss und dem Abfluss einerseits und den linienförmigen Strukturen andererseits ergibt, sich um jeweils etwa 30° änderte.From a fluorinated polyethylene, a columnar filter housing having a length of 40 cm and a diameter of 15 cm was produced by injection molding. The filter housing contained in the lower center of a holder into which the filter medium can be introduced. In addition, the filter housing had an inlet and an outlet, wherein the drain can be closed by a threaded lid. The inner surface of the filter housing had line-shaped structures that changed along the imaginary connecting line from the inflow toward the outflow three times in such a way that the angle resulting from the imaginary line connecting the inflow and outflow on the one hand and the linear structures on the other hand, changed by about 30 ° each.
Als Filtermedium verwendete man ein dreilagiges Tissuepapier aus Naturfasern (50 % Langfasern mit einer durchschnittlichen Faserlänge von mind. 1 mm und 50 % Kurzfasern mit einer Faserlänge von weniger als 1 mm) wobei die einzelnen Lagen durch Stärke miteinander verbunden waren. Durch Prägen des Filtermediums wurden ca. 30 % der gesamten Oberfläche des Tissuepapiers verdichtet, so dass das Tissuepapier Zonen unterschiedlicher Dichte aufwies, was die Fließgeschwindigkeit der zu filtrierenden fluiden Substanzen beeinflusste. Das dreilagige Tissuepapier besaß ein Flächengewicht von 60 g/m2.The filter medium used was a three-ply tissue paper made from natural fibers (50% long fibers with an average fiber length of at least 1 mm and 50%). Short fibers with a fiber length of less than 1 mm) with the individual layers joined together by starch. By embossing the filter medium, about 30% of the total surface area of the tissue paper was compacted so that the tissue paper had zones of different density, which affected the flow rate of the fluid substances to be filtered. The three-ply tissue paper had a basis weight of 60 gsm.
Der so erhaltene Filter bestehend aus dem vorstehend beschriebenen Filtergehäuse und dem Filtermedium wurde in einer Verarbeitungsmaschine der Spanplattenindustrie, einer so genannten Spanplattenpresse hinsichtlich seiner Filterungseigenschaften getestet. Die Verarbeitungsmaschine enthielt ein in der Spanplattenindustrie übliches Hydrauliköl des ursprünglichen Qualitätsstandards (ISO 4406, Reinheitsklasse :15/10), das in dieser Anlage bereits drei Jahre lang genutzt wurde und dessen Reinheitsgrad mittlerweile auf einen Qualitätsstandard von (ISO 4406, Reinheitsklasse: 22/10) abgesunken war. Über einen Zeitraum von insgesamt 120 Tagen wurde das Hydrauliköl mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Filter behandelt, wobei jeweils nach 30 Tagen der erfindungsgemäße Filter durch einen neuen ebenfalls erfindungsgemäßen Filter ersetzt worden ist. Nach 120 Tagen wurde eine Probe des Hydrauliköls aus der Spanplattenpresse entnommen und anschließend analysiert. Dabei beobachtete man eine qualitative Verbesserung des erhaltenen Hydrauliköls auf einen Qualitätsstandard von (ISO 4406, Reinheitsklasse: 19/17). Während dieser Zeit war keine Einschränkung hinsichtlich der Betriebsfähigkeit der Spanplattenpresse erkennbar.The filter thus obtained, consisting of the filter housing described above and the filter medium was tested in a processing machine chipboard industry, a so-called particleboard press with regard to its filtering properties. The processing machine contained a standard in the chipboard industry hydraulic oil of the original quality standard (ISO 4406, purity class: 15/10), which was already used in this plant for three years and its purity has now been to a quality standard of (ISO 4406, purity class: 22/10 ) had dropped. Over a period of a total of 120 days, the hydraulic oil was treated with the filter according to the invention, wherein in each case after 30 days, the filter according to the invention has been replaced by a new filter according to the invention. After 120 days, a sample of the hydraulic oil was removed from the chipboard press and then analyzed. A qualitative improvement of the obtained hydraulic oil to a quality standard of (ISO 4406, purity class: 19/17) was observed. During this time, no restriction was seen regarding the operability of the chipboard press.
Der Versuch wurde um weitere vier Wochen mit neuen erfindungsgemäßen Filtern verlängert. Bei der Analyse einer Probe des dadurch erhaltenen Hydrauliköls wurde eine weitere Verbesserung des Qualitätsstandards nach ISO 4406 auf die Reinheitsklasse 17/13 festgestellt.The experiment was extended for another four weeks with new filters according to the invention. In the analysis of a sample of the hydraulic oil thus obtained, a further improvement of the ISO 4406 quality standard to purity class 17/13 was found.
Bei noch längerer Behandlung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Filter oder nach Einsatz größerer erfindungsgemäßer Filter bzw. bei häufigerem Auswechseln des erfindungsgemäßen Filters ist eine weitere qualitative Verbesserung des Hydrauliköls auf einen Qualitätsstandard zu erwarten, welcher nahezu dem Reinheitsgrad des ursprünglichen Hydrauliköls entspricht (ISO 4406, Reinheitsgrad : 15/10).For even longer treatment with the filter according to the invention or after use of larger filter according to the invention or more frequent replacement of the filter according to the invention, a further qualitative improvement of the hydraulic oil to a quality standard is expected, which almost corresponds to the purity of the original hydraulic oil (ISO 4406, purity: 15th / 10).
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WO2017141610A1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filtration filter device |
JP6197978B1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-09-20 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filtration filter and filtration filter device |
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DE102011009325B4 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2023-12-21 | Hydac Filtertechnik Gmbh | Method and molding device for producing a filter element |
DE102017108797A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-10-25 | Jäger-Plastik GmbH & Co. KG | Device comprising at least one filter column |
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US3722691A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1973-03-27 | P Francois | Filter for removing particulate contaminants from fluids |
US4701267A (en) * | 1984-03-15 | 1987-10-20 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Method for removing leukocytes |
EP0401329B1 (en) | 1988-12-14 | 1994-07-27 | TRABOLD, Hermann | Oil filter for internal combustion engines |
EP0503028B1 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1994-12-14 | TRABOLD, Hermann | Filter for filtering gaseous and liquid media |
US5543062A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-08-06 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Leukocyte-removing filter device and system and method of using thereof |
US6103120A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 2000-08-15 | Pall Corporation | Fluid processing apparatus |
DE20214023U1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-01-09 | Trabold Hermann | Filter pack for filtering liquid or gaseous media |
US20040168970A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2004-09-02 | Marheine Philip Charles | Filter cartridge |
-
2006
- 2006-11-20 DE DE200610054864 patent/DE102006054864A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-11-19 EP EP07022434A patent/EP1923116A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722691A (en) * | 1971-03-03 | 1973-03-27 | P Francois | Filter for removing particulate contaminants from fluids |
US4701267A (en) * | 1984-03-15 | 1987-10-20 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Method for removing leukocytes |
US4701267B1 (en) * | 1984-03-15 | 1996-03-12 | Asahi Medical Co | Method for removing leukocytes |
EP0401329B1 (en) | 1988-12-14 | 1994-07-27 | TRABOLD, Hermann | Oil filter for internal combustion engines |
EP0503028B1 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1994-12-14 | TRABOLD, Hermann | Filter for filtering gaseous and liquid media |
US5543062A (en) * | 1992-10-07 | 1996-08-06 | Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. | Leukocyte-removing filter device and system and method of using thereof |
US6103120A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 2000-08-15 | Pall Corporation | Fluid processing apparatus |
DE20214023U1 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2003-01-09 | Trabold Hermann | Filter pack for filtering liquid or gaseous media |
US20040168970A1 (en) * | 2001-07-03 | 2004-09-02 | Marheine Philip Charles | Filter cartridge |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017141610A1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filtration filter device |
JP6197978B1 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-09-20 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filtration filter and filtration filter device |
JP6323632B2 (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2018-05-16 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Filtration filter device |
US10646800B2 (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2020-05-12 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Filtration filter device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006054864A1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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