EP1443298A1 - Heating element for initiating pyrotechnical charges - Google Patents
Heating element for initiating pyrotechnical charges Download PDFInfo
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- EP1443298A1 EP1443298A1 EP04100151A EP04100151A EP1443298A1 EP 1443298 A1 EP1443298 A1 EP 1443298A1 EP 04100151 A EP04100151 A EP 04100151A EP 04100151 A EP04100151 A EP 04100151A EP 1443298 A1 EP1443298 A1 EP 1443298A1
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- heating element
- sintered
- glass
- base body
- mass
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 101100434911 Mus musculus Angpt1 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/12—Bridge initiators
- F42B3/124—Bridge initiators characterised by the configuration or material of the bridge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heating element for Igniting pyrotechnic charges consisting of a Basic body, a textured resistive layer, on the main body is arranged, and contact fields, the overlapping on the two ends of the resistor track are arranged. It further relates to a method for Production of a heating element, where appropriate first glass or glass ceramic by screen printing process is printed on a base body and then dried and is sintered, these steps being repeated until the desired total layer thickness has been reached; after that the resistance paste by screen printing on the Glass ceramic substrate or coating is printed and then dried and sintered; and after that the Conductor paste as contacting by screen printing process overlapping over the resistor track is printed and after dried and sintered.
- the company Dynamit Nobel AG has been providing for many years Heating elements in layer technology (thin layer, sputtered on) for detonators in military use and mining (DE 2020016 A1). This type of heating element can be used in the automotive sector only with additional expenditure (external Wiring).
- the specifications to be met are e.g. the USCAR (Chrysler, General Motors and Ford) and the VW80150 (Volkswagen).
- USCAR Chorysler, General Motors and Ford
- VW80150 Volkswagen
- In addition to the demands of environmental simulation (Climate change tests and mechanical load) are for the Heating element the electrical requirements (sensitivity during ignition and resistance to interference pulses) of highest importance. These tests are on detonators to carry out (heating element with pyrotechnic composition according to Requirements of the automotive industry installed).
- the sensitivity during ignition is called by Determined "all-fire” and "no-fire” tests (e.g., Bruceton, Logit, run-down).
- all-fire and "no-fire” tests (e.g., Bruceton, Logit, run-down).
- the detonator with Ignite a constant current pulse of 1.2 A for 2 ms (with a certain statistical probability).
- the igniter may be used with a constant current pulse of 0.5 A. do not ignite over 10 s (with a given statistical Probability).
- Interference pulses are predetermined amounts of energy which are within a defined time and with a specific time Refresh rate can be introduced.
- Example ESD interference pulse according to USCAR capacitor with 150 pF charged to 25 kV via a series resistor with 500 ⁇ across discharge the igniter with the heating element (2 ⁇ ) installed.
- Example transient pulse according to USCAR current pulses with 5.3 A, a pulse duration of 4 ⁇ s (rise time 1 ⁇ s, cooldown) 3 ⁇ s) and a duty cycle of 1: 1000 over 24 h on the Igniter with installed heating element (2 ⁇ ) introduced.
- a heating element of the type mentioned in the present invention characterized in that the mass of the heating element of 1.0 ⁇ 10 -9 kg to 4.0 ⁇ 10 -9 kg, the resistivity of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m and the specific heat capacity of the heating element is from 100 W / (kg ⁇ K) to 400 W / (kg ⁇ K).
- the main difference to the heating element according to the AT 405591 B is that the mass is much larger (more than 10 times) and the resistivity also substantially is much higher (more than 20 times). In this way results in a similar total resistance (the of the Automotive industry is given), but due to the higher mass increases the temperature of the heating element less, if by interference energy in the heating element is released so that the pyrotechnic charge is not can ignite or the heating element can not be destroyed can.
- the cross section of the heating element is preferably 3.5 ⁇ 10 -10 m 2 to 7.0 ⁇ 10 -10 m 2 .
- This cross section is favorable in order to achieve usual resistance values, eg 2 ⁇ .
- These materials are particularly suitable in the inventive composition to provide suitable resistance values.
- the rest contains oxidic additives and glass phase.
- the resistor paste contains usually also an organikum before sintering.
- Preferred material for the contact pads is sintered AgPd or AgPt thick film conductor paste with a Pd or Pt content between 1 and 10 mass%.
- the rest contains oxidic additives and glass phase.
- the conductor paste contains before sintering usually also an organic.
- the resistance layer after the Applying the contact by means of programmable Laser source is structured.
- appropriate shaping the resistance path by means of programmable laser source is by individual shaping the heating rate (Energy transfer) individually adjustable. This Structuring can affect both the basic form of Glow bridge by cutting out the appropriate geometry as well as the height by area-related removal relate. Compared to the etching is the shaping with a Laser source much more flexible. A change in the Production is in a very short time only by one Program change possible, while etching a new Etch mask must be created.
- the present invention provides a heating element and a Method with corresponding material combinations, which have not yet been realized in layering technology and the Specifications of the automotive industry without additional Electronics is fair.
- the proof of the resistance to ESD interference pulses and Transient pulse to USCAR can be by means of thermodynamic Calculation and subsequent numerical simulation be performed.
- thermodynamic Heat equation Due to the analogy of the thermodynamic Heat equation with the differential equations of an electrical conductor (telegraph equation) can after Transformation of the thermodynamic quantities into electrical ones Sizes an exact one-dimensional simulation of the thermal Conditions (temperature and heat quantities) over time be performed.
- the temperature of the heating element is T (in ° C) as a function of time t (in s).
- the solid line refers to the heating element "so far", the dashed line on the heating element "new”.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Heizelement zum Zünden pyrotechnischer Ladungen bestehend aus einem Grundkörper, einer strukturierten Widerstandsschicht, die auf dem Grundkörper angeordnet ist, und Kontaktfeldern, die überlappend auf den beiden Enden der Widerstandsbahn angeordnet sind. Sie betrifft weiters ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Heizelements, bei dem gegebenenfalls zunächst Glas oder Glaskeramik mittels Siebdruckverfahrens auf einen Grundkörper gedruckt wird und danach getrocknet und gesintert wird, wobei diese Schritte wiederholt werden, bis die gewünschte Gesamtschichtstärke erreicht ist; wobei danach die Widerstandspaste mittels Siebdruckverfahrens auf das Glaskeramiksubstrat bzw. Beschichtung gedruckt wird und danach getrocknet und gesintert wird; und wobei danach die Leiterpaste als Kontaktierung mittels Siebdruckverfahrens überlappend über die Widerstandsbahn gedruckt wird und danach getrocknet und gesintert wird.The present invention relates to a heating element for Igniting pyrotechnic charges consisting of a Basic body, a textured resistive layer, on the main body is arranged, and contact fields, the overlapping on the two ends of the resistor track are arranged. It further relates to a method for Production of a heating element, where appropriate first glass or glass ceramic by screen printing process is printed on a base body and then dried and is sintered, these steps being repeated until the desired total layer thickness has been reached; after that the resistance paste by screen printing on the Glass ceramic substrate or coating is printed and then dried and sintered; and after that the Conductor paste as contacting by screen printing process overlapping over the resistor track is printed and after dried and sintered.
Die Fa. Dynamit Nobel AG stellt seit vielen Jahren Heizelemente in Schichttechnik (Dünnschicht, aufgesputtert) für Zünder im militärischen Einsatz und den Bergbau her (DE 2020016 A1). Diese Art von Heizelement kann im automotiven Bereich nur mit Zusatzaufwand (externe Beschaltung) eingesetzt werden.The company Dynamit Nobel AG has been providing for many years Heating elements in layer technology (thin layer, sputtered on) for detonators in military use and mining (DE 2020016 A1). This type of heating element can be used in the automotive sector only with additional expenditure (external Wiring).
Von der Fa. LifeSparc Inc. und der Auburn University wurde ebenfalls ein Heizelement in Schichttechnik (Dünnschicht, aufgesputtert) auf einem Halbleitersubstrat vorgestellt (US 4708060 A und US 4976200 A). Auch hier muss ein Zusatzaufwand (externe Beschaltung mit Dioden im Halbleitersubstrat) das Heizelement gegen äußere Einflüsse schützen, will man es im automotiven Bereich einsetzen.From LifeSparc Inc. and Auburn University likewise a heating element in layer technology (thin film, sputtered) presented on a semiconductor substrate (US 4708060 A and US 4976200 A). Again, a must Additional effort (external wiring with diodes in Semiconductor substrate), the heating element against external influences Protect, you want to use it in the automotive sector.
In dem gattungsbildenden Patent der Fa. Schaffler & Co. (AT 405591 B) wird ein Heizelement in Dickschichttechnik vorgestellt. Dieses kann bei entsprechender Anwendung zum Anzünden pyrotechnischer Sätze verwendet werden, erfüllt aber ohne Zusatzaufwand (externe Beschaltung) ebenfalls nicht die geforderten Spezifikationen der Automobilindustrie in Hinblick auf ESD (Elektrostatic Discharge) und Transient Puls bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung des geforderten elektrischen Widerstandes (z.B. 2 Ω) sowie der Zündverzugszeit (z.B. höchstens 2 ms).In the generic patent of the company Schaffler & Co. (AT 405591 B) is a heating element in thick film technology presented. This can with appropriate application for Igniting pyrotechnic sets are used, but fulfilled without additional effort (external wiring) also not the required specifications of the automotive industry in With regard to ESD (electrostatic discharge) and transient pulse while maintaining the required electrical Resistance (e.g., 2Ω) and the ignition delay time (e.g. at most 2 ms).
Die zu erfüllenden Spezifikationen sind z.B. die USCAR (Chrysler, General Motors und Ford) sowie die VW80150 (Volkswagen). Neben den Forderungen der Umweltsimulation (Klima-Wechseltests und mechanische Belastung) sind für das Heizelement die elektrischen Anforderungen (Empfindlichkeit beim Zünden und Widerstandsfähigkeit gegenüber Störpulsen) von größter Bedeutung. Diese Prüfungen sind an Zündern durchzuführen (Heizelement mit pyrotechnischem Satz gemäß Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie verbaut).The specifications to be met are e.g. the USCAR (Chrysler, General Motors and Ford) and the VW80150 (Volkswagen). In addition to the demands of environmental simulation (Climate change tests and mechanical load) are for the Heating element the electrical requirements (sensitivity during ignition and resistance to interference pulses) of highest importance. These tests are on detonators to carry out (heating element with pyrotechnic composition according to Requirements of the automotive industry installed).
Die Empfindlichkeit beim Zünden wird durch sogenannte "All-Fire"- und "No-Fire"-Tests bestimmt (z.B. Bruceton, Logit, Run-Down). Beim "All-Fire"-Test muß der Zünder mit einem Konstantstrompuls von 1,2 A über 2 ms zünden (mit einer bestimmten statistischen Wahrscheinlichkeit). Beim "No-Fire"-Test darf der Zünder mit einem Konstantstrompuls von 0,5 A über 10 s nicht zünden (mit einer bestimmten statistischen Wahrscheinlichkeit).The sensitivity during ignition is called by Determined "all-fire" and "no-fire" tests (e.g., Bruceton, Logit, run-down). In the "All-Fire" test, the detonator with Ignite a constant current pulse of 1.2 A for 2 ms (with a certain statistical probability). In the no-fire test the igniter may be used with a constant current pulse of 0.5 A. do not ignite over 10 s (with a given statistical Probability).
Wenn der Zünder mit den vorgeschriebenen Störpulsen beaufschlagt wird, darf es zu keiner Zündung kommen. Störpulse sind vorgegebene Energiemengen, welche innerhalb einer definierten Zeit und mit einer bestimmten Wiederholfrequenz eingebracht werden.If the detonator with the prescribed interference pulses is applied, it must come to no ignition. Interference pulses are predetermined amounts of energy which are within a defined time and with a specific time Refresh rate can be introduced.
Beispiel ESD-Störpuls nach USCAR: Kondensator mit 150 pF auf 25 kV geladen über einen Vorwiderstand mit 500 Ω über den Zünder mit verbautem Heizelement (2 Ω) entladen.Example ESD interference pulse according to USCAR: capacitor with 150 pF charged to 25 kV via a series resistor with 500 Ω across discharge the igniter with the heating element (2 Ω) installed.
Beispiel Transient Puls nach USCAR: Strompulse mit 5,3 A, einer Pulsdauer von 4 µs (Anstiegszeit 1 µs, Abklingzeit 3 µs) und einem Tastverhältnis 1:1000 über 24 h auf den Zünder mit verbautem Heizelement (2 Ω) eingebracht.Example transient pulse according to USCAR: current pulses with 5.3 A, a pulse duration of 4 μs (rise time 1 μs, cooldown) 3 μs) and a duty cycle of 1: 1000 over 24 h on the Igniter with installed heating element (2 Ω) introduced.
Das Problem bei Zündern mit all diesen bekannten Heizelementen ist, dass sie diese Spezifikationen nur mit zusätzlicher Elektronik erfüllen. Bisher gibt es noch kein Heizelement in Schichttechnik (Dickschicht, Dünnschicht, Halbleiter), welches die Anforderungen der Automobilindustrie gemäß Spezifikation ohne Zusatzaufwand (externe Beschaltung) erfüllt.The problem with detonators with all these known Heating elements is that they only use these specifications fulfill additional electronics. So far there is no Heating element in layer technique (thick film, thin film, Semiconductor), which meets the requirements of the automotive industry according to specification without additional effort (external wiring) Fulfills.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Heizelement in Schichttechnik zu schaffen, sodass ein damit ausgestatteter Zünder ohne zusätzliche Elektronik im automotiven Bereich eingesetzt werden kann.It is an object of the present invention to provide a heating element to create in layering, so that one with it equipped igniter without additional electronics in the automotive sector can be used.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Heizelement der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Masse des Heizelements von 1,0·10-9 kg bis 4,0·10-9 kg, der spezifische Widerstand von 1·10-6 Ωm bis 2·10-6 Ωm und die spezifische Wärmekapazität des Heizelements von 100 W/(kg·K) bis 400 W/(kg·K) beträgt.This object is achieved by a heating element of the type mentioned in the present invention, characterized in that the mass of the heating element of 1.0 · 10 -9 kg to 4.0 · 10 -9 kg, the resistivity of 1 · 10 -6 Ωm to 2 · 10 -6 Ωm and the specific heat capacity of the heating element is from 100 W / (kg · K) to 400 W / (kg · K).
Der wesentliche Unterschied zu dem Heizelement gemäß der AT 405591 B ist, dass die Masse wesentlich größer (mehr als 10 Mal) und der spezifische Widerstand wesentlich ebenfalls wesentlich höher ist (mehr als 20 Mal). Auf diese Weise ergibt sich ein ähnlicher Gesamtwiderstand (der von der Automobilindustrie vorgegeben ist), aber auf Grund der höheren Masse erhöht sich die Temperatur des Heizelements weniger, wenn durch Einstreuungen Energie im Heizelement freigesetzt wird, sodass sich die pyrotechnische Ladung nicht entzünden kann bzw. das Heizelement nicht zerstört werden kann.The main difference to the heating element according to the AT 405591 B is that the mass is much larger (more than 10 times) and the resistivity also substantially is much higher (more than 20 times). In this way results in a similar total resistance (the of the Automotive industry is given), but due to the higher mass increases the temperature of the heating element less, if by interference energy in the heating element is released so that the pyrotechnic charge is not can ignite or the heating element can not be destroyed can.
Vorzugsweise beträgt der Querschnitt des Heizelements 3,5·10-10 m2 bis 7,0·10-10 m2. Dieser Querschnitt ist günstig, um übliche Widerstandswerte, z.B. 2 Ω, zu erzielen.The cross section of the heating element is preferably 3.5 × 10 -10 m 2 to 7.0 × 10 -10 m 2 . This cross section is favorable in order to achieve usual resistance values, eg 2 Ω.
Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn die Widerstandsschicht aus gesinterter Ag/Pd-Widerstandspaste oder gesinterter Ag/Au/Pd-Widerstandspaste mit 30-50 Masse-% Ag und 35-50 Masse-% Pd oder aus gesinterter Pt/W-Widerstandspaste mit 70-90 Masse-% Pt und 5-20 Masse-% W besteht. Diese Materialien sind besonders geeignet, bei der erfindungsgemäß Masse geeignete Widerstandswerte zu liefern. Der Rest enthält oxidische Zusätze und Glasphase. Die Widerstandspaste enthält vor dem Sintern normalerweise auch noch ein Organikum.It is useful if the resistance layer sintered Ag / Pd resistor paste or sintered Ag / Au / Pd resistor paste with 30-50 mass% Ag and 35-50 mass% Pd or sintered Pt / W resistor paste of 70-90 Mass% Pt and 5-20 mass% W exists. These materials are particularly suitable in the inventive composition to provide suitable resistance values. The rest contains oxidic additives and glass phase. The resistor paste contains usually also an organikum before sintering.
Es ist weiters für eine zuverlässige Zündung wichtig, dass nicht zu viel Wärme abgeleitet werden kann. Es ist deshalb günstig, wenn der Grundkörper aus einem hochtemperaturfesten Glas oder einer Glaskeramik oder einer Keramik mit thermischer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von höchstens 2 W/(m·K) besteht; oder wenn der Grundkörper aus einem hochtemperaturfesten Glas oder einer Glaskeramik oder einer Keramik mit thermischer Wärmeleitfähigkeit von höchstens 3 W/(m·K) besteht und auf dem Grundkörper eine Wärmebarriere aufgebracht ist, bestehend aus Glas- oder Glaskeramikbeschichtung mit 20-80µm Dicke und mit einer thermischen Wärmeleitfähigkeit von höchstens 1,5 W/(m·K).It is also important for a reliable ignition not too much heat can be dissipated. It is because of that favorable if the main body of a high temperature resistant Glass or a glass ceramic or a ceramic with thermal conductivity of at most 2 W / (m · K) consists; or if the main body of a high-temperature-resistant glass or a glass ceramic or a Ceramic with thermal conductivity of at most 3 W / (m · K) and on the body a thermal barrier is applied, consisting of glass or Glass ceramic coating with 20-80μm thickness and with a thermal thermal conductivity of at most 1.5 W / (m · K).
Bevorzugtes Material für die Kontaktfelder ist gesinterte AgPd- oder AgPt-Dickschichtleiterpaste mit einem Pd- bzw. Pt-Anteil zwischen 1 und 10 Masse-%. Der Rest enthält oxidische Zusätze und Glasphase. Die Leiterpaste enthält vor dem Sintern normalerweise auch noch ein Organikum.Preferred material for the contact pads is sintered AgPd or AgPt thick film conductor paste with a Pd or Pt content between 1 and 10 mass%. The rest contains oxidic additives and glass phase. The conductor paste contains before sintering usually also an organic.
Herstellen kann man das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement analog wie in der AT 405591 B beschrieben. Es wird jedoch bevorzugt, dass die Widerstandsschicht erst nach dem Aufbringen der Kontaktierung mittels programmierbarer Laserquelle strukturiert wird. Durch entsprechende Formgebung der Widerstandsbahn mittels programmierbarer Laserquelle ist durch individuelle Formgebung die Aufheizrate (Energieübertragung) individuell einstellbar. Diese Strukturierung kann sich sowohl auf die Grundform der Glühbrücke durch Ausschneiden der entsprechenden Geometrie als auch auf die Höhe durch flächenhaftes Abtragen beziehen. Im Vergleich zum Ätzen ist die Formgebung mit einer Laserquelle wesentlich flexibler. Eine Änderung der Produktion ist in kürzester Zeit lediglich durch eine Programmänderung möglich, wogegen beim Ätzen eine neue Ätzmaske erstellt werden muss. You can make the heating element according to the invention analogously as described in AT 405591 B. It will, however preferred that the resistance layer after the Applying the contact by means of programmable Laser source is structured. By appropriate shaping the resistance path by means of programmable laser source is by individual shaping the heating rate (Energy transfer) individually adjustable. This Structuring can affect both the basic form of Glow bridge by cutting out the appropriate geometry as well as the height by area-related removal relate. Compared to the etching is the shaping with a Laser source much more flexible. A change in the Production is in a very short time only by one Program change possible, while etching a new Etch mask must be created.
Vorzugsweise wird durch Nachsintern mit 800°C-900°C Spitzentemperatur über 10-20 min nach dem Sintern der Widerstandsbahn oder nach dem Sintern der Leiterbahn oder nach der Strukturierung das Zündelement in seiner Stabilität gegenüber hohen elektrischen und thermischen Belastungen verbessert. Überraschender Weise steigt durch das Nachsintern die Geschwindigkeit des Zündens. Dadurch ist es möglich, ein größeres Volumen zu verwenden (wodurch die Zündgeschwindigkeit an sich verringert wird), sodass auf diese Weise die Empfindlichkeit gegen elektrische Einstreuungen verringert werden kann.Preferably, by post-sintering at 800 ° C-900 ° C. Peak temperature over 10-20 min after sintering Resistance track or after sintering of the track or after structuring the ignition element in its stability against high electrical and thermal loads improved. Surprisingly, it increases through the resintering the speed of ignition. This makes it possible to get one to use larger volume (causing the Ignition speed is reduced), so on this way the sensitivity to electrical Interference can be reduced.
Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft ein Heizelement und ein Verfahren mit entsprechenden Materialkombinationen, welche bisher in Schichttechnik noch nicht realisiert wurden und den Spezifikationen der Automobilindustrie ohne zusätzliche Elektronik gerecht wird.The present invention provides a heating element and a Method with corresponding material combinations, which have not yet been realized in layering technology and the Specifications of the automotive industry without additional Electronics is fair.
Der Nachweis der Festigkeit gegenüber ESD-Störpulsen und Transient Puls nach USCAR kann mittels thermodynamischer Berechnung und nachfolgender numerischer Simulation durchgeführt werden.The proof of the resistance to ESD interference pulses and Transient pulse to USCAR can be by means of thermodynamic Calculation and subsequent numerical simulation be performed.
Aufgrund der Analogie der thermodynamischen Wärmeleitungsgleichungen mit den Differentialgleichungen eines elektrischen Leiters (Telegrafengleichung) kann nach Transformation der thermodynamischen Größen in elektrische Größen eine exakte eindimensionale Simulation der thermischen Verhältnisse (Temperatur und Wärmemengen) über die Zeit durchgeführt werden.Due to the analogy of the thermodynamic Heat equation with the differential equations of an electrical conductor (telegraph equation) can after Transformation of the thermodynamic quantities into electrical ones Sizes an exact one-dimensional simulation of the thermal Conditions (temperature and heat quantities) over time be performed.
Begleitende Versuche und Messungen mit entsprechender Rückführung der Testergebnisse in die Rechnersimulation ergaben im Rahmen der Meßgenauigkeiten und der idealisierten Randparameter (eindimensional) Übereinstimmung. Accompanying experiments and measurements with appropriate Return of the test results to the computer simulation were within the limits of accuracy and the idealized Boundary parameter (one-dimensional) match.
Vergleich eines Heizelements gemäß AT 405591 B ("bisher")
mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Heizelement ("neu") am Beispiel
der ESD-Störpulsfestigkeit nach USCAR:
Thermische Abschätzung des Heizelements ohne Wärmeableitung
über
Thermal estimation of the heating element without heat dissipation via
Die Geometrie und damit die Masse der Heizelemente wurde
so gewählt, dass Bedingungen wie Widerstandswert, "All-Fire"und
"No-Fire"-Werte gemäß Spezifikation der
Automobilindustrie erfüllt werden. Daraus errechnet sich die
für die Berechnung zu betrachtende Energiemenge, die aufgrund
der verwendeten Materialien und im Hinblick auf die Erfüllung
notwendiger Spezifikationen folgende Werte annimmt:
[W/(kg·K)]
[W / (kg · K)]
Die oben angeführte Temperaturänderung bei Beaufschlagung des Heizelements mit ESD-Störpulsen zeigt, dass aufgrund der Schmelztemperatur von Au (1063°C) das Heizelement "bisher" zerstört wird. Dies wurde nicht nur theoretisch, sondern auch durch eine Versuchsreihe bestätigt.The above-mentioned temperature change upon application of the heating element with ESD interference pulses shows that due to the Melting temperature of Au (1063 ° C) the heating element "so far" gets destroyed. This was not only theoretical, but also confirmed by a series of experiments.
In der einzigen Fig. ist die Temperatur des Heizelements T (in °C) in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t (in s) dargestellt. Die durchgezogene Linie bezieht sich auf das Heizelement "bisher", die strichlierte Linie auf das Heizelement "neu".In the single FIGURE, the temperature of the heating element is T (in ° C) as a function of time t (in s). The solid line refers to the heating element "so far", the dashed line on the heating element "new".
Unter Berücksichtigung der Wärmeleitung der einzelnen Materialien ergeben sich durch Simulation annähernd identische Werte, da es sich hier um einen nahezu adiabatischen Vorgang handelt.Taking into account the heat conduction of the individual Materials are approximated by simulation identical values, since this is an almost adiabatic process is.
Bei der Beaufschlagung des Heizelements mit Transient Puls nach USCAR zeigt sich sowohl theoretisch als auch in praktischen Versuchen ein ähnliches Verhalten, welches auch zur Zerstörung des Heizelements "bisher" führt.When applying the heating element with transient pulse according to USCAR shows both theoretically and in Practical experiments have a similar behavior, which also leads to the destruction of the heating element "so far".
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0011703A AT413150B (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2003-01-28 | HEATING ELEMENT FOR IGNITION OF PYROTECHNICAL CHARGES |
| AT1172003 | 2003-01-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1443298A1 true EP1443298A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 |
| EP1443298B1 EP1443298B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
Family
ID=32601373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04100151A Expired - Lifetime EP1443298B1 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2004-01-19 | Heating element for initiating pyrotechnical charges |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7089861B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1443298B1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT413150B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE502004005169D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL176454A0 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-06-03 | Benjamin Keren | Explosive material sensitivity control |
| CN109222685B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2022-03-18 | 九阳股份有限公司 | Control method of soybean milk machine |
| CN111521070A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-11 | 西安工业大学 | Preparation method of carbon-based low-voltage ignition switch |
| CN113140381A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-20 | 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing ignition resistor |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2020016A1 (en) | 1970-04-24 | 1971-11-11 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Metal layer igniter |
| US4708060A (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1987-11-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Semiconductor bridge (SCB) igniter |
| US4976200A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1990-12-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Tungsten bridge for the low energy ignition of explosive and energetic materials |
| AT405591B (en) | 1997-10-03 | 1999-09-27 | Schaffler & Co | HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US6230624B1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-05-15 | Trw Inc. | Igniter having a hot melt ignition droplet |
| US20020069780A1 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Bos Laurence W. | Thin film resistor fabricated on header |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE405591C (en) | 1921-07-08 | 1924-11-04 | Siemens Schuckertwerke G M B H | Equipment for the operation of power plants with several units |
| US3753403A (en) * | 1968-09-19 | 1973-08-21 | Us Navy | Static discharge for electro-explosive devices |
| DE2002016A1 (en) | 1970-01-17 | 1971-07-22 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Double-acting vane pump |
| FR2538099B1 (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1986-10-03 | France Etat | RESISTIVE ELEMENT ELECTRIC PRIMER |
| US4522665A (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1985-06-11 | Geo Vann, Inc. | Primer mix, percussion primer and method for initiating combustion |
| US4893563A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1990-01-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Monolithic RF/EMI desensitized electroexplosive device |
| JP2971439B2 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 1999-11-08 | 東芝ホクト電子株式会社 | Ignition device and method of manufacturing the same |
| FR2790078B1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2004-11-26 | Livbag Snc | ELECTROPYROTECHNIC IGNITER WITH ENHANCED IGNITION SAFETY |
| FR2800865B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-12-07 | Livbag Snc | PYROTECHNIC INITIATOR WITH PHOTOGRAVE FILAMENT PROTECTED AGAINST ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES |
| US6324979B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2001-12-04 | Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. | Electro-pyrotechnic initiator |
| US6341562B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2002-01-29 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Initiator assembly with activation circuitry |
| FR2827377B1 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-12-05 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | IGNITION DEVICE FOR PYROTECHNIC MICROCHARGES |
-
2003
- 2003-01-28 AT AT0011703A patent/AT413150B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-01-19 DE DE502004005169T patent/DE502004005169D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-19 EP EP04100151A patent/EP1443298B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-19 AT AT04100151T patent/ATE375494T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-26 US US10/765,457 patent/US7089861B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2020016A1 (en) | 1970-04-24 | 1971-11-11 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Metal layer igniter |
| US4708060A (en) | 1985-02-19 | 1987-11-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Semiconductor bridge (SCB) igniter |
| US4976200A (en) | 1988-12-30 | 1990-12-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Tungsten bridge for the low energy ignition of explosive and energetic materials |
| AT405591B (en) | 1997-10-03 | 1999-09-27 | Schaffler & Co | HEATING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US6230624B1 (en) * | 1999-08-13 | 2001-05-15 | Trw Inc. | Igniter having a hot melt ignition droplet |
| US20020069780A1 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-13 | Bos Laurence W. | Thin film resistor fabricated on header |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT413150B (en) | 2005-11-15 |
| US20040200371A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
| ATA1172003A (en) | 2005-04-15 |
| ATE375494T1 (en) | 2007-10-15 |
| EP1443298B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| US7089861B2 (en) | 2006-08-15 |
| DE502004005169D1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
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