EP1418394A2 - Process for drying flammable material - Google Patents

Process for drying flammable material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1418394A2
EP1418394A2 EP03450250A EP03450250A EP1418394A2 EP 1418394 A2 EP1418394 A2 EP 1418394A2 EP 03450250 A EP03450250 A EP 03450250A EP 03450250 A EP03450250 A EP 03450250A EP 1418394 A2 EP1418394 A2 EP 1418394A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
temperature
drying air
dryer
air
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Granted
Application number
EP03450250A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1418394A3 (en
EP1418394B1 (en
Inventor
Erwin Brunnmair
Robert Kolleger-Riedler
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Binder and Co AG
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Binder and Co AG
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Publication of EP1418394A3 publication Critical patent/EP1418394A3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/26—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/022—Heating arrangements using combustion heating incinerating volatiles in the dryer exhaust gases, the produced hot gases being wholly, partly or not recycled into the drying enclosure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for drying combustible material to be dried according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Procedures of this type are primarily used to: thermodynamic contact of a drying good with a Drying gas, such as air heated via a heating device correspondingly high temperatures, the material to be dried in one Extract dryer water.
  • a Drying gas such as air heated via a heating device correspondingly high temperatures
  • the material to be dried in one Extract dryer water is particularly confronted with the problem that by heating the material to be dried and reacting with the oxygen contained in the drying air high There is a risk of ignition.
  • an inerting of the drying cycle i.e. one Prevention of the risk of inflammation, especially when switching on and off It is imperative to shut down these drying systems.
  • the absolute Moisture of the drying air is raised until a Oxygen content below the explosion limit of the respective Drying goods can be guaranteed with certainty.
  • The is in regular operation at temperatures of the drying gas reached about 80 ° C, the respective setpoint to the the respective items to be dried can be coordinated. at If these setpoints are exceeded, the Drying gas temperature. So that stands a safe and Inexpensive drying system for drying goods with high organic and / or flammable components.
  • Claim 2 sees an advantageous embodiment of the Regulation of the temperature of the cooling medium before by the regulation the temperature of the cooling medium by supplying additional Cooling medium to the cooling device takes place.
  • Claim 3 done in a simple manner by exceeding the Temperature of the drying gas at the point of exit from the Cooling device a signal to a specified setpoint Opening a valve is set, causing the closed Circulation of the cooling medium in the cooling device additional amount of the cooling medium is supplied.
  • the material to be dried is cleaned using a suitable Conveyor 1 and a feeder 2 the dryer 3 fed.
  • the items to be dried are light, for example flammable material, e.g. due to a high carbon content, as is the case with biogenic substances.
  • the Dryer can be designed differently, so it can about a drum, belt, stationary fluid bed or Acting disc dryer.
  • the illustrated in Figure 1 Embodiment is an oscillating dryer, the has a sieve tray 5 accommodated in a housing 4.
  • the housing 4 is here via spring assemblies 6 and one corresponding vibration drive 8 set in vibration.
  • About the vibrating part 5 of the dryer 3 can do that Items to be dried are moved in the direction of the discharge 7.
  • the Dryer 3 is via a line 34 and a Air connection piece 12 drying air supplied using a hot gas generator 9 was heated.
  • the hot gas generator for this purpose has a burner 10 which is equipped with fuel, preferably gas or oil.
  • the fuel supply can be controlled via a controller 11.
  • a Blower 32 is combustion air to the hot gas generator 9 fed.
  • a silencer 33 can optionally be used be provided.
  • the drying air is in the lower areas of the dryer 3 fed and via air suction 13, which is in the upper Area of the dryer 3 are removed. On their way from Air connection piece 12 flows through to the air exhausts 13 the sieve tray 5 and the conveyed thereon Be dried.
  • the drying air is supplied via lines 14 Filter and / or centrifugal separator 15 supplied with the Parts of the drying goods carried with the drying air separates. These portions can be about an outlet 16 a mixer 17 are transported, where they with the Dried material from the discharge 7 of the dryer 3 is mixed and the product delivery 18 are supplied.
  • a washer 21 which too can be regarded as a capacitor.
  • the rewind will fed back to the pump 23 via a line 25, so that a closed cooling water circuit is realized.
  • the valve 26 via a temperature sensor 27 is controlled, the temperature the drying air at the outlet of the scrubber 21 measures. Excess water or condensate can be removed from a collector 38 of the washer 21 are discharged via an outlet 36.
  • the drying air is subsequently carried out via line 28 returned to the hot gas generator 9, whereby a closed circuit of the drying air results. Furthermore can be removed via an exhaust air line 29 drying air be, the amount of drying air discharged over a Control member 30 is adjustable.
  • a silencer 31 is provided. The amount of exhaust air is thereby preferably regulated via a reference pressure measurement. In order to can influence the pressure level in a closed air circuit become.
  • the inventive method is drying air over the Line 34 fed to the dryer 3.
  • the drying air leaves is characterized by their temperature, which is in the Depending on the application, dryer 3 is usually between 200-500 ° C an absolute humidity (the contained mass pure water vapor per kilogram of dry air), as well as one relative humidity (the percentage of absolute Moisture compared to the mass of water vapor that the Air at the same temperature until saturated characterize).
  • the drying air flows in the dryer 3, depending on the material to be dried Application will have a different dry content.
  • the drying air transfers heat of vaporization to the mass of water contained in the material to be dried, whereby the Dryness of the material to be dried increases and the absolute Humidity of the drying air increases.
  • the increase in absolute Amount of water vapor in the drying air as well as the lowering the temperature of the drying air due to the deprived of it Evaporation heat also raises the relative humidity of the Drying air.
  • the drying air in line 14 has thus a higher absolute compared to that in line 34 Humidity, a higher relative humidity and a lower Temperature up.
  • This outlet temperature is also from Dryness of the material to be dried and its throughput detach the dryer 3.
  • About measuring the temperature of the Drying air using a temperature sensor 37 in the Line 14 and a corresponding regulation of Fuel supply to the hot gas generator 9 via the Control device 11 can also control the Evaporation performance with constant throughput of Good drying done.
  • the drying air saturated with water vapor becomes the Hot gas generator 9, where depending on the fuel supply is heated to different degrees, and finally the Line 34 fed.
  • the absolute humidity of the drying air in line 34 this is essentially that on Corresponding exit point from the scrubber 21, plus that Amount of water vapor due to the combustion of hydrogen-containing compounds with oxygen in the Hot gas generator 9 is formed and less that amount along the transport route from the point of exit from the scrubber 21 condenses in line 34, although efforts should be made condensation processes outside the washer 21 prevention.
  • the temperature rise of the drying air at the exit point the washer 21 can, however, by supplying fresh Process water can be controlled directly via the valve 26.
  • a setpoint for example 80 ° C
  • the temperature of the Drying air at the point of exit from the scrubber 21 to set, via which the valve 26 is opened.
  • the valve 26 is opened to fresh, cool Process water to the cooling circuit of the washer 21 and thereby increasing its cooling ability.
  • the outlet temperature the drying air after scrubber 21 will decrease so that the valve 26 can be closed again as soon as the exit point moves below the setpoint again.
  • the target value can be matched to the respective material to be dried become. The energy used is therefore independent of Quality fluctuations in the material to be dried, for example different dryness, optimally used.
  • the dryer 3 through the vibration drive, which is also used for a promotion in Longitudinal direction, as well as only through the air flow be driven empty. Furthermore, an integrated Sprinkler system can be provided at about a total Power failure to ensure adequate security. alternative it is also conceivable to use a vibration drive Equip emergency power system.
  • the regulation of the pressure level also proves to be advantageous in the drying cycle, for example with the aid of a pressure measuring device 35 on the line 14.
  • a pressure measuring device 35 on the line 14.
  • To leak such as a suction of False air in the area of the loading and unloading of the drying goods with dryer 3, to keep it as low as possible, are at risk Ranges above a pressure reference value as a guide for the Exhaust air flap position of the control member 30 in the neutral Pressure area kept.

Abstract

After leaving a drier (3), drying air/gas passes into a cooling device (21) to exchange heat with cooling water and returns into a heater device (9) via a closed pipe network (14,19,28,34). The cooling water in the cooling device runs through a closed circuit and its temperature is controlled from a drying air/gas temperature of about 80degrees Celsius upwards.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Trocknung von brennbarem Trocknungsgut gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to a method for drying combustible material to be dried according to the preamble of claim 1.

Verfahren dieser Art dienen in erster Linie dazu, über thermodynamischem Kontakt eines Trocknungsgutes mit einem Trocknungsgas, etwa über eine Heizeinrichtung erhitzte Luft mit entsprechend hohen Temperaturen, dem Trocknungsgut in einem Trockner Wasser zu entziehen. Handelt es sich bei dem Trocknungsgut um brennbare Materialien, etwa um biogenes Material, welches einen hohen organischen Anteil besitzt, so sind diese Verfahren insbesondere mit dem Problem konfrontiert, dass sich durch Erhitzung des Trocknungsgutes und Reaktion mit dem in der Trocknungsluft enthaltenen Sauerstoff hohe Entzündungsgefahr ergibt. In Abhängigkeit vom Trocknungsgut ist somit eine Inertisierung des Trocknungskreislaufes, also eine Unterbindung der Entzündungsgefahr, insbesondere beim An- und Abfahren dieser Trocknungsanlagen zwingend erforderlich. Dies wird oft durch aufwändige zusätzliche Inertisierung mittels Inertgasen wie Stickstoff oder Kohlendioxid oder durch separate Dampferzeugung und Einspeisung in den Trocknungskreislauf erzielt. Solche Einrichtungen sind einerseits sehr teuer und stehen andererseits einer Vollautomatisierung insofern entgegen, als die Trocknungsanlagen immer komplexer und wartungsintensiver werden.Procedures of this type are primarily used to: thermodynamic contact of a drying good with a Drying gas, such as air heated via a heating device correspondingly high temperatures, the material to be dried in one Extract dryer water. Is it that Goods to be dried around combustible materials, such as biogenic ones Material that has a high organic content, so are these methods particularly confronted with the problem that by heating the material to be dried and reacting with the oxygen contained in the drying air high There is a risk of ignition. Depending on the material to be dried thus an inerting of the drying cycle, i.e. one Prevention of the risk of inflammation, especially when switching on and off It is imperative to shut down these drying systems. This is often achieved by means of complex additional inerting Inert gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide or through separate Steam generation and feeding into the drying cycle achieved. On the one hand, such devices are very expensive and on the other hand, are fully automated contrary to the fact that the drying plants are increasingly complex and become more maintenance-intensive.

Es ist somit Ziel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine vergleichsweise einfache und einer Vollautomatisierung zugängliche Lösung der Inertisierung des Trocknungsprozesses zu erreichen. Das wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale von Anspruch 1 erreicht. Hierbei wird das Trocknungsgas nach Verlassen des Trockners in eine Kühleinrichtung, in der das Trocknungsgas in Wärmeaustausch mit einem Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise Kühlwasser, steht, und über einen geschlossenen Leitungskreislauf in die Heizeinrichtung rückgeführt, wobei eine Regelung der Temperatur des Trocknungsgases ab einer Temperatur desselben von etwa 80°C erfolgt. Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt insbesondere darin, dass mithilfe der verdunsteten Wassermenge durch geeignete Kreislaufschaltung der Aggregate sowie den dazugehörigen Regelkreisen eine "Selbstinertisierung" unter allen Betriebsbedingungen erreicht wird. Dabei wird die absolute Feuchte der Trocknungsluft so lange angehoben, bis ein Sauerstoffgehalt unter der Explosionsgrenze des jeweiligen Trocknungsgutes mit Sicherheit gewährleistet werden kann. Das wird im Regelbetrieb bei Temperaturen des Trocknungsgases ab etwa 80°C erreicht, wobei der jeweilige Sollwert auf das jeweilige Trocknungsgut abgestimmt werden kann. Bei Überschreiten dieser Sollwerte erfolgt eine Regelung der Temperatur des Trocknungsgases. Damit steht ein sicheres und kostengünstiges Trocknungssystem für Trocknungsgut mit hohem organischen und/oder brennbaren Anteilen zur Verfügung.It is therefore the aim of the method according to the invention, this To avoid disadvantages and a comparatively simple and a fully automated solution for inerting of the drying process. That will be through the characteristic features of claim 1 achieved. Here will the drying gas after leaving the dryer in a Cooling device in which the drying gas in heat exchange with a cooling medium, preferably cooling water, and over a closed circuit in the heater returned, with a regulation of the temperature of the Drying gas from a temperature of about 80 ° C he follows. The advantage of the invention is in particular that using the amount of water evaporated by suitable Circulation of the units and the associated ones Control loops a "self-inertization" among all Operating conditions is reached. The absolute Moisture of the drying air is raised until a Oxygen content below the explosion limit of the respective Drying goods can be guaranteed with certainty. The is in regular operation at temperatures of the drying gas reached about 80 ° C, the respective setpoint to the the respective items to be dried can be coordinated. at If these setpoints are exceeded, the Drying gas temperature. So that stands a safe and Inexpensive drying system for drying goods with high organic and / or flammable components.

Anspruch 2 sieht hierbei eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Regelung der Temperatur des Kühlmediums vor, indem die Regelung der Temperatur des Kühlmediums durch Zufuhr von zusätzlichem Kühlmedium zur Kühleinrichtung erfolgt. Das kann gemäß Anspruch 3 in einfacher Weise erfolgen, indem bei Überschreiten der Temperatur des Trocknungsgases am Austrittspunkt aus der Kühleinrichtung über einen festgelegten Sollwert ein Signal zum Öffnen eines Ventils gesetzt wird, wodurch dem geschlossenen Kreislauf des Kühlmediums in der Kühleinrichtung eine zusätzliche Menge des Kühlmediums zugeführt wird.Claim 2 sees an advantageous embodiment of the Regulation of the temperature of the cooling medium before by the regulation the temperature of the cooling medium by supplying additional Cooling medium to the cooling device takes place. According to claim 3 done in a simple manner by exceeding the Temperature of the drying gas at the point of exit from the Cooling device a signal to a specified setpoint Opening a valve is set, causing the closed Circulation of the cooling medium in the cooling device additional amount of the cooling medium is supplied.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird nun anhand der beiliegenden Figur näher erläutert, wobei zunächst auf die apparativen Merkmale eingegangen wird, bevor die Funktionsweise der Erfindung erläutert wird. A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described the accompanying figure explained in more detail, initially on the apparatus features is discussed before it works the invention is explained.

Das Trocknungsgut wird mithilfe einer geeigneten Fördereinrichtung 1 und eine Aufgabeeinrichtung 2 dem Trockner 3 zugeführt. Beim Trocknungsgut handelt es sich etwa um leicht brennbares Gut, z.B. aufgrund eines hohen Kohlenstoffanteils, wie dies etwa bei biogenen Substanzen der Fall ist. Der Trockner kann unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein, so kann es sich etwa um einen Trommel-, Band-, stationären Fließbett- oder Scheibentrockner handeln. Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform handelt es sich um einen Schwingtrockner, der einen in einem Gehäuse 4 untergebrachten Siebboden 5 aufweist. Das Gehäuse 4 wird hierbei über Federpakete 6 und einen entsprechenden Schwingungsantrieb 8 in Schwingung versetzt. Über den schwingenden Teil 5 des Trockners 3 kann dabei das Trocknungsgut in Richtung des Austrages 7 bewegt werden. Dem Trockner 3 wird über eine Leitung 34 und einen Luftanschlussstutzen 12 Trocknungsluft zugeführt, die mithilfe eines Heißgaserzeugers 9 erhitzt wurde. Der Heißgaserzeuger weist hierzu einen Brenner 10 auf, der mit Brennstoff, vorzugsweise Gas oder Öl, versorgt wird. Die Brennstoffzufuhr ist dabei über einen Regler 11 steuerbar. Mithilfe eines Gebläses 32 wird Verbrennungsluft dem Heißgaserzeuger 9 zugeführt. Wahlweise kann hierbei ein Schalldämpfer 33 vorgesehen sein.The material to be dried is cleaned using a suitable Conveyor 1 and a feeder 2 the dryer 3 fed. The items to be dried are light, for example flammable material, e.g. due to a high carbon content, as is the case with biogenic substances. The Dryer can be designed differently, so it can about a drum, belt, stationary fluid bed or Acting disc dryer. In the illustrated in Figure 1 Embodiment is an oscillating dryer, the has a sieve tray 5 accommodated in a housing 4. The housing 4 is here via spring assemblies 6 and one corresponding vibration drive 8 set in vibration. About the vibrating part 5 of the dryer 3 can do that Items to be dried are moved in the direction of the discharge 7. the Dryer 3 is via a line 34 and a Air connection piece 12 drying air supplied using a hot gas generator 9 was heated. The hot gas generator for this purpose has a burner 10 which is equipped with fuel, preferably gas or oil. The fuel supply can be controlled via a controller 11. With help of a Blower 32 is combustion air to the hot gas generator 9 fed. A silencer 33 can optionally be used be provided.

Die Trocknungsluft wird in die unteren Bereiche des Trockners 3 zugeführt und über Luftabsaugungen 13, die sich im oberen Bereich des Trockners 3 befinden, abgeführt. Auf ihrem Weg vom Luftanschlussstutzen 12 zu den Luftabsaugungen 13 durchströmt sie dabei den Siebboden 5 und das darauf geförderte Trocknungsgut. Über Leitungen 14 wird die Trocknungsluft einem Filter und/oder Fliehkraftabscheider 15 zugeführt, der mit der Trocknungsluft mitgeführte Anteile des Trocknungsgutes abscheidet. Diese Anteile können etwa über einen Auslass 16 zu einem Mischer 17 transportiert werden, wo sie mit dem Trocknungsgut aus dem Austrag 7 des Trockners 3 vermengt und der Produktabgabe 18 zugeführt werden.The drying air is in the lower areas of the dryer 3 fed and via air suction 13, which is in the upper Area of the dryer 3 are removed. On their way from Air connection piece 12 flows through to the air exhausts 13 the sieve tray 5 and the conveyed thereon Be dried. The drying air is supplied via lines 14 Filter and / or centrifugal separator 15 supplied with the Parts of the drying goods carried with the drying air separates. These portions can be about an outlet 16 a mixer 17 are transported, where they with the Dried material from the discharge 7 of the dryer 3 is mixed and the product delivery 18 are supplied.

Die gefilterte Trocknungsluft verlässt den Filter 15 über die Leitung 19, passiert ein Druckerhöhungsgebläse 20 und wird schließlich in den unteren Bereich eines Wäschers 21, der auch als Kondensator aufgefasst werden kann, eingeleitet. In den Wäscher 21 wird mithilfe einer Pumpe 23 über die Leitung 24 Kühlwasser eingebracht, das über geeignete Einrichtungen 22 in den unteren Bereich des Wäschers 21 fließt. Der Rücklauf wird über eine Leitung 25 wieder der Pumpe 23 zugeführt, sodass ein geschlossener Kühlwasserkreislauf verwirklicht wird. Wie noch näher ausgeführt werden wird, kann bei Bedarf über Öffnen eines Ventils 26 frisches, kühles Prozesswasser der Pumpe 23 und somit dem Wäscher 21 zugeführt werden, wobei das Ventil 26 über einen Temperatursensor 27 angesteuert wird, die die Temperatur der Trocknungsluft am Austritt des Wäschers 21 misst. Überschüssiges Wasser bzw. Kondensat kann von einem Sammler 38 des Wäschers 21 über einen Ablauf 36 abgeführt werden.The filtered drying air leaves the filter 15 via the Line 19, passes a booster blower 20 and will finally in the lower area of a washer 21, which too can be regarded as a capacitor. In the Washer 21 is pumped 23 through line 24 Cooling water introduced, which has suitable facilities 22 in the lower area of the washer 21 flows. The rewind will fed back to the pump 23 via a line 25, so that a closed cooling water circuit is realized. How else can be carried out in more detail if necessary by opening a Valve 26 fresh, cool process water of the pump 23 and thus be fed to the washer 21, the valve 26 via a temperature sensor 27 is controlled, the temperature the drying air at the outlet of the scrubber 21 measures. Excess water or condensate can be removed from a collector 38 of the washer 21 are discharged via an outlet 36.

Über die Leitung 28 wird die Trocknungsluft in weiterer Folge zum Heißgaserzeuger 9 rückgeleitet, wodurch sich ein geschlossener Kreislauf der Trocknungsluft ergibt. Des weiteren kann über eine Abluftleitung 29 Trocknungsluft abgeführt werden, wobei die Menge an abgeführter Trocknungsluft über ein Steuerorgan 30 regelbar ist. Wahlweise ist hierbei druckseitig ein Schalldämpfer 31 vorgesehen. Die Abluftmenge wird dabei vorzugsweise über eine Referenzdruckmessung geregelt. Damit kann im geschlossenen Luftkreislauf das Druckniveau beeinflusst werden.The drying air is subsequently carried out via line 28 returned to the hot gas generator 9, whereby a closed circuit of the drying air results. Furthermore can be removed via an exhaust air line 29 drying air be, the amount of drying air discharged over a Control member 30 is adjustable. Optionally, here is the pressure side a silencer 31 is provided. The amount of exhaust air is thereby preferably regulated via a reference pressure measurement. In order to can influence the pressure level in a closed air circuit become.

Im laufenden Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage bzw. des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird Trocknungsluft über die Leitung 34 dem Trockner 3 zugeführt. Die Trocknungsluft lässt sich hierbei durch deren Temperatur, die vor der Zufuhr in den Trockner 3 je nach Anwendung üblicherweise zwischen 200-500°C liegen wird, einer absoluten Feuchte (die enthaltene Masse reiner Wasserdampf pro Kilogramm trockener Luft), sowie einer relativen Feuchte (dem prozentualen Anteil der absoluten Feuchte im Vergleich zu jener Masse an Wasserdampf, die die Luft bei gleicher Temperatur bis zum Sättigungszustand aufnehmen kann) charakterisieren. Die Trocknungsluft durchströmt im Trockner 3 das Trocknungsgut, das je nach Anwendung einen unterschiedlichen Trockengehalt aufweisen wird. Die Trocknungsluft überträgt hierbei Verdampfungswärme an die im Trocknungsgut enthaltene Wassermasse, wodurch der Trockengehalt des Trocknungsgutes steigt und die absolute Feuchte der Trocknungsluft zunimmt. Die Zunahme der absoluten Wasserdampfmenge in der Trocknungsluft als auch die Absenkung der Temperatur der Trocknungsluft aufgrund der ihr entzogenen Verdampfungswärme hebt auch die relative Feuchte der Trocknungsluft. Die Trocknungsluft in der Leitung 14 weist somit im Vergleich zu jener in Leitung 34 eine höhere absolute Feuchte, eine höhere relative Feuchte sowie eine niedrigere Temperatur auf. Diese Austrittstemperatur wird hierbei auch vom Trockengehalt des Trocknungsgutes sowie dessen Durchsatz durch den Trockner 3 abhängen. Über die Messung der Temperatur der Trocknungsluft mithilfe eines Temperatursensors 37 in der Leitung 14 sowie einer entsprechenden Regelung der Brennstoffzufuhr zum Heißgaserzeuger 9 über die Regeleinrichtung 11 kann auch eine Regelung der Verdampfungsleistung bei gleichbleibendem Durchsatz des Trocknungsgutes erfolgen.During operation of the system according to the invention or The inventive method is drying air over the Line 34 fed to the dryer 3. The drying air leaves is characterized by their temperature, which is in the Depending on the application, dryer 3 is usually between 200-500 ° C an absolute humidity (the contained mass pure water vapor per kilogram of dry air), as well as one relative humidity (the percentage of absolute Moisture compared to the mass of water vapor that the Air at the same temperature until saturated characterize). The drying air flows in the dryer 3, depending on the material to be dried Application will have a different dry content. The drying air transfers heat of vaporization to the mass of water contained in the material to be dried, whereby the Dryness of the material to be dried increases and the absolute Humidity of the drying air increases. The increase in absolute Amount of water vapor in the drying air as well as the lowering the temperature of the drying air due to the deprived of it Evaporation heat also raises the relative humidity of the Drying air. The drying air in line 14 has thus a higher absolute compared to that in line 34 Humidity, a higher relative humidity and a lower Temperature up. This outlet temperature is also from Dryness of the material to be dried and its throughput detach the dryer 3. About measuring the temperature of the Drying air using a temperature sensor 37 in the Line 14 and a corresponding regulation of Fuel supply to the hot gas generator 9 via the Control device 11 can also control the Evaporation performance with constant throughput of Good drying done.

Über den Filter und/oder Fliehkraftabscheider 15 sowie dem Druckerhöhungsgebläse 20 gelangt die Trocknungsluft schließlich in den Wäscher 21, den sie im Gegenstrom mit dem über die Leitung 24 eingespritzten Kühlwasser durchläuft. Dabei kommt es zu einem Wärmeübertrag auf das Kühlwasser, wodurch die Temperatur der Trocknungsluft abnimmt und die Temperatur des Kühlwassers steigt, da es sich bei dem Kühlwasserkreislauf über die Leitung 25, der Pumpe 23 und der Leitung 24 zunächst um einen geschlossenen Kreislauf handelt. In Abhängigkeit von der Stärke des Temperaturabfalles der Trocknungsluft sowie ihrer absoluten Feuchte wird der in ihr enthaltene Wasserdampf teilweise kondensieren. Das Kondensat fügt sich der umgewälzten Kühlwassermenge hinzu, wobei auch ein Teil des Kühlwassers aufgrund von Verdunstung verloren geht. Nach dem Austritt der Trocknungsluft aus dem Wäscher 21 liegt sie etwa in Sättigung vor, sodass die über den Temperatursensor 27 gemessene Temperatur der Trocknungsluft der Taupunktstemperatur unter den gegebenen Druckverhältnissen entspricht. Der Zustand der Trocknungsluft beim Austritt aus dem Wäscher 21 zeichnet sich somit dadurch aus, dass sie die für ihre jeweilige Temperatur maximale Menge an absoluter Feuchte aufweist.About the filter and / or centrifugal separator 15 and the Pressure-increasing blower 20 finally passes the drying air in the washer 21, which they countercurrent with the over Line 24 passes through injected cooling water. It happens to heat transfer to the cooling water, causing the Temperature of the drying air decreases and the temperature of the Cooling water rises because it is over in the cooling water circuit the line 25, the pump 23 and the line 24 first around is a closed cycle. Depending on the Strength of the temperature drop in the drying air and its The water vapor contained in it becomes absolute moisture partially condense. The condensate joins the circulated Amount of cooling water added, including part of the cooling water is lost due to evaporation. After the exit of the Drying air from the scrubber 21 is approximately saturated so that the one measured via the temperature sensor 27 Temperature of the drying air of the dew point temperature below the given pressure conditions. The state of the Drying air on exiting the scrubber 21 stands out thus characterized by being the one for their respective temperature has maximum amount of absolute moisture.

Die mit Wasserdampf gesättigte Trocknungsluft wird dem Heißgaserzeuger 9, wo sie je nach Brennstoffzufuhr unterschiedlich stark erhitzt wird, und schließlich wieder der Leitung 34 zugeführt. Die absolute Feuchte der Trocknungsluft in Leitung 34 wird hierbei im wesentlichen jener am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 entsprechen, zuzüglich jener Menge an Wasserdampf, die aufgrund der Verbrennung von wasserstoffhältigen Verbindungen mit Sauerstoff im Heißgaserzeuger 9 gebildet wird und abzüglich jener Menge, die entlang des Transportweges vom Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 in der Leitung 34 kondensiert, wenngleich man bestrebt sein wird, Kondensationsprozesse außerhalb des Wäschers 21 zu unterbinden.The drying air saturated with water vapor becomes the Hot gas generator 9, where depending on the fuel supply is heated to different degrees, and finally the Line 34 fed. The absolute humidity of the drying air in line 34, this is essentially that on Corresponding exit point from the scrubber 21, plus that Amount of water vapor due to the combustion of hydrogen-containing compounds with oxygen in the Hot gas generator 9 is formed and less that amount along the transport route from the point of exit from the scrubber 21 condenses in line 34, although efforts should be made condensation processes outside the washer 21 prevention.

Es ist daraus unmittelbar ersichtlich, dass die absolute Feuchte der Trocknungsluft innerhalb ihres geschlossenen Kreislaufes zunehmen wird, solange am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 ein Temperaturanstieg der Trocknungsluft auftritt. Bei zunehmender absoluter Feuchte nimmt aber der Inertisierungsgrad der Trocknungsluft zu, da die absolute Feuchte indirekt proportional zum Sauerstoffgehalt der Trocknungsluft ist. Ab einer Temperatur des Trocknungsgases von etwa 75°C kann hinreichende Inertisierung erreicht werden. Der Inertisierungsgrad der Trocknungsluft regelt sich somit gewissermaßen von selbst, da bei hoher Verdampfungsleistung einerseits mehr absolute Feuchte in die Trocknungsluft eingebracht wird und andererseits über eine höhere Temperatur am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 auch mehr absolute Feuchte im Kreislauf der Trocknungsluft gehalten wird.It is immediately apparent that the absolute Moisture of the drying air within its closed Circulation will increase as long as at the point of exit from the Washer 21 a temperature rise in the drying air occurs. With increasing absolute humidity, however, the Degree of inertization of the drying air, since the absolute Humidity is indirectly proportional to the oxygen content of the Drying air is. From a drying gas temperature of sufficient inerting can be achieved at around 75 ° C. The The degree of inertization of the drying air is thus regulated to a certain extent by itself, since it has a high evaporation capacity on the one hand, more absolute humidity in the drying air is introduced and on the other hand via a higher temperature at the point of exit from the scrubber 21 also more absolute humidity is kept in the cycle of drying air.

Der Temperaturanstieg der Trocknungsluft am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 kann aber durch die Zufuhr an frischem Prozesswasser über das Ventil 26 unmittelbar gesteuert werden. Somit ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, den Temperatursensor 27 auf einen Sollwert, beispielsweise 80°C, der Temperatur der Trocknungsluft am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 einzustellen, über dem das Ventil 26 geöffnet wird. Somit wird frisches, kühles Prozesswasser über die Pumpe 23 mit dem Kühlwasser im an sich geschlossenen Kühlwasserkreislauf gemischt, wodurch die Temperatur der Trocknungsluft am Austrittspunkt aus dem Wäscher 21 wieder abgesenkt wird. Da diese Temperatur ihrer Taupunktstemperatur entspricht, wird dadurch auch ihre absolute Feuchte wieder abgesenkt. Der Inertisierungsgrad der Trocknungsluft lässt sich somit über eine Zudosierung von Prozesswasser über das Ventil 26 regeln.The temperature rise of the drying air at the exit point the washer 21 can, however, by supplying fresh Process water can be controlled directly via the valve 26. This results in the possibility of opening the temperature sensor 27 a setpoint, for example 80 ° C, the temperature of the Drying air at the point of exit from the scrubber 21 to set, via which the valve 26 is opened. Thus fresh, cool process water via the pump 23 with the Cooling water in the closed cooling water circuit mixed, causing the temperature of the drying air at Exit point from the washer 21 is lowered again. There this temperature corresponds to its dew point temperature this also lowers their absolute humidity again. The The degree of inertization of the drying air can thus be regulate the metering of process water via the valve 26.

Durch die Verwendung von Wasserdampf als Inertgas sowie die Regelung der absoluten Feuchte der Trocknungsluft ist somit eine hohe Betriebssicherheit der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hinsichtlich einer möglichen Entzündung des Trocknungsgutes sichergestellt. Wird etwa Trocknungsgut mit hohem Trockengehalt dem Trockner 3 zugeführt, wird sich bei zunächst gleicher absoluter Feuchte und Temperatur der Trocknungsluft in der Zuleitung 34 die Austrittstemperatur der Trocknungsluft in der Leitung 14 erhöhen. Dies wird in der Regel eine erhöhte Austrittstemperatur nach dem Wäscher 21 nach sich ziehen, was mit einer höheren absoluten Feuchte korrespondiert und somit einen höheren Inertisierungsgrad bewirkt. Einer möglichen Entzündung des Trocknungsgutes im Trockner 3 wird somit entgegengewirkt. Sollte die Austrittstemperatur der Trocknungsluft nach dem Wäscher 21 einen festgelegten Sollwert übersteigen, wird das Ventil 26 geöffnet, um frisches, kühles Prozesswasser dem Kühlkreislauf des Wäschers 21 zuzuführen und seine Kühlfähigkeit dadurch zu erhöhen. Die Austrittstemperatur der Trocknungsluft nach dem Wäscher 21 wird dadurch sinken, sodass das Ventil 26 wieder geschlossen werden kann, sobald sich die Austrittspunkt wieder unter dem Sollwert bewegt. Der Sollwert kann dabei auf das jeweilige Trocknungsgut abgestimmt werden. Die eingesetzte Energie wird somit unabhängig von Qualitätsschwankungen des Trocknungsgutes, etwa unterschiedlichem Trockengehalt, optimal genutzt.Through the use of water vapor as an inert gas as well as the Regulation of the absolute humidity of the drying air is thus high operational reliability of the system according to the invention and of the method according to the invention with regard to a possible Ignition of the drying goods ensured. Will be about Material to be dried with a high dry content is fed to the dryer 3, is at the same absolute humidity and Temperature of the drying air in the supply line 34 die Outlet temperature of the drying air in line 14 increase. This is usually an increased Outlet temperature after the washer 21 what corresponds to a higher absolute humidity and thus causes a higher degree of inertization. One possible Ignition of the material to be dried in the dryer 3 is thus counteracted. Should the outlet temperature of the Drying air after the washer 21 a setpoint Exceed, the valve 26 is opened to fresh, cool Process water to the cooling circuit of the washer 21 and thereby increasing its cooling ability. The outlet temperature the drying air after scrubber 21 will decrease so that the valve 26 can be closed again as soon as the exit point moves below the setpoint again. The The target value can be matched to the respective material to be dried become. The energy used is therefore independent of Quality fluctuations in the material to be dried, for example different dryness, optimally used.

Durch die Verwendung von Wasserdampf als Inertgas sowie die Regelung der absoluten Feuchte der Trocknungsluft ist aber nicht nur eine hohe Betriebssicherheit der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage sowie des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hinsichtlich einer möglichen Entzündung des Trocknungsgutes im laufenden Betrieb sichergestellt, sondern auch während des Anfahrens bzw. Abfahrens der Anlage. Wird etwa beim Anfahren der Anlage zunächst kein Trocknungsgut dem Trockner 3 zugeführt, so steigt zunächst die absolute Feuchte der Trocknungsluft und somit dessen Inertisierungsgrad. Trocknungsgut wird erst dann zugegeben, wenn der erforderliche Sauerstoffgehalt erreicht ist. Beim Abfahren der Anlage hingegen wird durch die Konstanthaltung der Temperatur der Trocknungsluft am Austrittspunkt nach dem Wäscher 21 der Inertisierungsgrad bis zur vollständigen Entleerung des Trockners 3 aufrecht erhalten. Durch die Anhebung der absoluten Feuchte im Umluftkreislauf steigt aber auch die Leistungsdichte der Trocknungsluft, was zu einer Leistungserhöhung der Anlage führt, bzw. wodurch der Trockner 3 bei vorgegebener Verdampfungsleistung mit geringerer Prozesstemperatur betrieben werden kann.Through the use of water vapor as an inert gas as well as the Regulation of the absolute humidity of the drying air is however not only high operational reliability of the invention Plant and the method according to the invention with regard a possible ignition of the drying material while it is running Operation ensured, but also during start-up or Shutdown of the plant. Is about when starting the system initially no material to be dried is fed to the dryer 3, so increases first the absolute humidity of the drying air and thus its degree of inertization. Only then is goods to be dried added when the required oxygen content is reached is. When the system is shut down, however, the Keeping the temperature of the drying air constant on Exit point after the scrubber 21 is the degree of inertization maintained to completely empty the dryer 3. By increasing the absolute humidity in the air circulation but also increases the power density of the drying air, which increases leads to an increase in performance of the system, or what the Dryer 3 with a given evaporation capacity with less Process temperature can be operated.

Bei Störungen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage kann der Trockner 3 durch den Vibrationsantrieb, der zugleich für eine Förderung in Längsrichtung sorgt, als auch nur durch die Luftdurchströmung leer gefahren werden. Des weiteren kann eine integrierte Sprinkleranlage vorgesehen sein, um etwa bei einem totalen Stromausfall für ausreichende Sicherheit zu sorgen. Alternativ dazu ist auch denkbar, den Vibrationsantrieb mit einem Notstromsystem auszustatten.If the system according to the invention malfunctions, the dryer 3 through the vibration drive, which is also used for a promotion in Longitudinal direction, as well as only through the air flow be driven empty. Furthermore, an integrated Sprinkler system can be provided at about a total Power failure to ensure adequate security. alternative it is also conceivable to use a vibration drive Equip emergency power system.

Als vorteilhaft erweist sich auch die Regelung des Druckniveaus im Trocknungskreislauf, etwa mithilfe eines Druckmessgeräts 35 an der Leitung 14. Um Leckagen, etwa eine Einsaugung von Falschluft im Bereich der Auf- und Abgabe des Trocknungsgutes beim Trockner 3, möglichst gering zu halten, werden gefährdete Bereiche über einen Druckreferenzwert als Führungsgröße für die Abluftklappenstellung des Steuerorgans 30 im neutralen Druckbereich gehalten.The regulation of the pressure level also proves to be advantageous in the drying cycle, for example with the aid of a pressure measuring device 35 on the line 14. To leak, such as a suction of False air in the area of the loading and unloading of the drying goods with dryer 3, to keep it as low as possible, are at risk Ranges above a pressure reference value as a guide for the Exhaust air flap position of the control member 30 in the neutral Pressure area kept.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anlage sowie das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren lassen sich somit sämtliche Betriebszustände hinsichtlich einer möglichen Entzündung des Trocknungsgutes über eine Inertisierung der Trocknungsluft sicher gestalten.By the system according to the invention and the inventive All operating states can thus be moved with regard to possible inflammation of the items to be dried design safely by inerting the drying air.

Claims (3)

Verfahren zur Trocknung von entzündlichem Trocknungsgut in einem Trockner (3), bei dem ein Trocknungsgas, vorzugsweise Trocknungsluft, mithilfe einer Heizeinrichtung (9) erhitzt und dem Trockner (3) zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trocknungsgas nach Durchlaufen des Trockners (3) in eine Kühleinrichtung (21), in dem das Trocknungsgas in Wärmeaustausch mit einem Kühlmedium, vorzugsweise Kühlwasser, steht, eingeleitet und über einen geschlossenen Leitungskreislauf (34, 14, 19, 28) in die Heizeinrichtung (9) rückgeführt wird, wobei eine Regelung der Temperatur des Trocknungsgases ab einer Temperatur desselben von etwa 80°C erfolgt.Method for drying inflammable material to be dried in a dryer (3), in which a drying gas, preferably drying air, is heated with the aid of a heating device (9) and fed to the dryer (3), characterized in that the drying gas after passing through the dryer (3) into a cooling device (21), in which the drying gas is in heat exchange with a cooling medium, preferably cooling water, is introduced and is returned to the heating device (9) via a closed line circuit (34, 14, 19, 28), a regulation of the Temperature of the drying gas takes place from a temperature of about 80 ° C. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung der Temperatur des Kühlmediums durch Zufuhr von zusätzlichem Kühlmedium zur Kühleinrichtung (21) erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the cooling medium is regulated by supplying additional cooling medium to the cooling device (21). Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Überschreiten der Temperatur des Trocknungsgases am Austrittspunkt aus der Kühleinrichtung (21) über einen festgelegten Wert ein Signal zum Öffnen eines Ventils (26) gesetzt wird, wodurch dem geschlossenen Kreislauf des Kühlmediums in der Kühleinrichtung (21) eine zusätzliche Menge des Kühlmediums zugeführt wird.Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that when the temperature of the drying gas at the point of exit from the cooling device (21) is exceeded, a signal for opening a valve (26) is set, as a result of which the closed circuit of the cooling medium in the cooling device (21 ) an additional amount of the cooling medium is supplied.
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EP1418394A3 (en) 2006-03-29
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AT412742B (en) 2005-06-27
ES2537550T3 (en) 2015-06-09

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