EP1403891A1 - Circuit breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

The breaker has an arcing chamber filled with an isolating gas, extends along a longitudinal axis. A deflection device (4) interacts with an opening in a hollow contact (2). The device is arranged on a side of the contact facing away from an arc area, for radial deflection of hot gases into an exhaust volume. An intermediate volume (7) is provided between the hollow contact and an exhaust body (10).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention is based on a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.

STATE OF THE ART

The document EP 0 836 209 A2 discloses a circuit breaker which can be used in an electrical high-voltage network. This circuit breaker has a rotationally symmetrical formed quenching chamber, which is filled with an electronegative gas, for example with SF ₆ gas as extinguishing and insulating medium. In the on state, a switching pin bridges the distance between the two, in this type of switch a fixed distance having, main contacts of the quenching chamber. When switching off, the switching pin moves axially in one direction and the two main contacts together in the opposite direction. The switching pin then initiates an arc between the two main contacts, which burns until extinguished in an arcing space located between the main contacts.

The hot and ionized gases produced in the arc chamber are removed, a part of which is stored in a heating volume and later used in a known manner to assist in the extinguishing process. The remaining hot gases are axially on both sides by the tubular formed main contacts through dissipated in an exhaust volume. These axial, guided in the tubular channels gas streams usually lead the majority of the hot, interspersed with conductive switching residues gases from the arc chamber, so that after the expiration of the arc no charge carriers are present, which could favor a re-ignition of the arc between the main contacts , The tubular channels are, in order to ensure an effective flow, designed as streamlined as possible. In addition, it is thus avoided that too much back pressure from the exhaust volume re-acts in the arcing area and adversely affects the extinguishing process. This circuit breaker has a comparatively high breaking capacity.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as characterized in the independent claim, solves the problem to provide a simple means a circuit breaker with significantly increased breaking capacity, which can be created inexpensively.

The circuit breaker according to the invention has at least one quenching chamber containing at least two power contact pieces, which is filled with an insulating gas and extends along a longitudinal axis and has a radially symmetrical structure and contains an arcing space. At least one of the power contact pieces is formed as a tubular hollow contact, which is provided for the discharge of hot gases from the arc chamber in an exhaust volume, arranged on the side facing away from the arc gap side of the hollow contact, with at least a first opening of the hollow contact cooperating deflection for the radial Redirecting the hot gases into the exhaust volume, which is connected by at least one second opening with a quenching chamber volume. At least one intermediate volume is provided between the hollow contact and the exhaust volume. The at least one first intermediate volume is bounded by a first wall against the exhaust volume, wherein the first wall has at least one third, radially aligned opening which connects the intermediate volume with the exhaust volume. This first wall consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal. However, a plastic would have a particularly favorable effect at this point, which in addition to good heat conduction properties would have the property to evaporate slightly upon impact of the hot gases, whereby the gases heat energy would be withdrawn. Another advantage would be if the vaporized plastic contained dissociating and / or electronegative gases.

$${\text{V}}_{\text{2/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0,1 bis 0,5) m,}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{3/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1,0 bis 2,5) m.}$$

A particularly powerful variant of the circuit breaker is obtained if the following conditions are met: $${\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="V" filenames="imgf0005.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}{\text{/ <figure-callout id="1" label="A" filenames="imgf0005.png" state="{{state}}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="V" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{<figure-callout id="2" label="A" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{<figure-callout id="3" label="V" filenames="imgf0001.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{3 /}}{\text{<figure-callout id="3" label="A" filenames="imgf0001.png" state="{{state}}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1.0 to 2.5) m.}$$

Here, V _{1 is} the volume inside the hollow contact and A _{1 is} the cross section of the first opening, V _{2 is} the volume of the intermediate volume and A _{2 is} the cross section of the third opening, V _{3 is} the volume of the exhaust volume and A _{3 is} the cross section of the second opening.

A second embodiment of the circuit breaker has at least a second, referred to as additional volume, intermediate volume between the first intermediate volume and the exhaust volume. This at least one additional volume is delimited by a second wall against the exhaust volume, wherein the second wall at least a fourth, radially aligned opening which connects the additional volume with the exhaust volume. The second wall consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal or a plastic, as described in connection with the first wall.

The advantages achieved by the invention can be seen in the fact that as a result of a particularly good cooling of the hot gases, a progressive volume reduction of the same and thus an optimal outflow of hot gases from the arc chamber is ensured, so that the same dimensions of the quenching chamber a much higher shutdown achieves the same becomes.

The further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention, its development and the advantages that can be achieved with it are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which represents only one possible embodiment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

• Fig. 1 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt durch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters,
• Fig. 2 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt durch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters,
• Fig. 3 einen senkrecht zu einer Längsachse gelegten Schnitt B-B durch die erste Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters gemäss Fig. 1,
• Fig. 4 einen senkrecht zu einer Längsachse gelegten abgestuften Schnitt C-C durch die zweite Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters gemäss Fig. 2,
• Fig. 5 einen stark vereinfacht und schematisch dargestellten Teilschnitt durch den Auspuffbereich einer Löschkammer einer dritten Ausführungsform eines Leistungsschalters, und
• Fig. 6 ein schematisch dargestelltes Detail der dritten Ausführungsform des Leistungsschalters.

Show it:

• 1 shows a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker,
• 2 shows a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker,
• 3 is a section BB perpendicular to a longitudinal axis through the first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to FIG. 1,
• 4 shows a stepped section CC perpendicular to a longitudinal axis through the second embodiment of a circuit breaker according to FIG. 2, FIG.
• 5 shows a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a third embodiment of a circuit breaker, and
• Fig. 6 is a schematically illustrated detail of the third embodiment of the circuit breaker.

In all figures the same elements are provided with the same reference numerals. All elements not required for the immediate understanding of the invention are not shown or described.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A circuit breaker may have one or more series-connected, filled with an insulating gas extinguishing chambers that operate according to one of the conventional switching principles, so for example as a self-baffle, as a self-baffle with at least one additional compression piston assembly or as a simple compression piston switch. The circuit breaker can, for example, have an arrangement of the power contacts, similar to that shown in EP 0 836 209 A2, but it is also possible for one or both power contacts to be designed to be movable. The circuit breaker can be used, for example, as an outdoor switch, as part of a Metal-encapsulated gas-insulated switchgear or be designed as a dead tank breaker. 1 shows a greatly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker.

This first embodiment of the quenching chamber is rotationally symmetrical and extends along a longitudinal axis 1. The quenching chamber has an arc chamber, not shown here, in which an arc burns during the turn-off between two power contacts. The arc heats the insulating gas in the arc chamber in a known manner. A portion of this heated, pressurized gas flows out of the arc chamber through one of the power contacts, which is formed as a tubular hollow contact 2. An arrow 3 indicates the direction of flow of this hot gas from the arc chamber to the exhaustion region. The hollow contact 2 has a volume V ₁ in the interior. The indicated by the arrow 3 gas flow is deflected by an approximately cone-shaped deflection 4, as indicated by an arrow 5, in a predominantly radial direction. The gas flow passes through openings 6 provided in the outer wall of the hollow contact 2 into an intermediate volume 7, which is arranged concentrically with respect to the hollow contact 2 and has a volume V ₂ . The openings 6 in the outer wall of the hollow contact have a common cross section A ₁ . In the intermediate volume 7, the gases swirl.

The intermediate volume 7 is enclosed by a wall 8, which is preferably made of metal, such as steel or copper, but it may also consist of a comparatively good heat-conducting plastic. Particularly favorable would affect at this point a plastic, in addition to good thermal conductivity the Property would have to evaporate slightly upon impact of the hot gases, whereby the gases heat energy would be withdrawn. Another advantage would be if the vaporized plastic contained dissociating and / or electronegative gases. The wall 8 has at least one opening 9, which allows the passage of the turbulent gases in the radial direction in a concentrically arranged exhaust volume 10. The at least one opening 9 in the wall 8 has a cross section A ₂ . In general, the openings 6 and 9, as shown in FIG. 3, offset from each other, so that the swirling, flowing in the radial direction gases can not flow directly through the openings 9 in the exhaust volume 10. However, it is also conceivable that one of the openings 9 is provided completely or partially congruent with one of the openings 6 in order to consciously ensure a direct partial or complete flow from the opening 6 into the exhaust volume 10. The openings 9 are optimally configured in terms of shape, size, arrangement and number and matched to the respective operating requirements.

The exhaust volume 10 is defined to the outside of a metallic wall 11, which is supported on the one hand on the hollow contact 2 and on the other hand on a connected to the electrical connection of the quenching chamber metallic connector 12. The deflection 4 is formed as a part of this connector 12. The exhaust volume 10 has a volume V ₃ . From the exhaust volume 10, at least one opening 13, which has a cross-section A ₃ , leads into a quenching chamber volume 14 filled with cold gas. The at least one opening 13 is arranged offset axially relative to the at least one opening 9. The extinguishing chamber volume 14, when the extinguishing chamber is provided for example for outdoor installation, sealed to the outside through a quenching chamber insulator 15 pressure-tight.

In general, the hollow contact 2 is moved together with the connector 12 when turning off the circuit breaker in the direction of arrow 3 to the left. The intermediate volume 7 and the exhaust volume 10 are arranged in the interior of the quenching chamber insulator 15 stationary. In Fig. 1, for example, the open position of the hollow contact 2 is shown. However, it is quite possible that the intermediate volume 7 with the hollow contact 2 and the connecting piece 12 forms a common assembly, so that when switching off the intermediate volume 7 with the hollow contact 2 is moved together by the stationarily arranged exhaust volume 10. It is also possible that the exhaust volume 10 is combined with the intermediate volume 7, the hollow contact 2 and the connector 12 to a common assembly that moves when turned off as a whole by the quenching chamber volume 14 to the left.

In this first embodiment of the quenching chamber, the gas flow whose energy before the deflection 4, due to the length of the hollow contact 2, is slightly reduced, charged by the deflection in the radial direction and the swirling in the intermediate volume 7 again slightly energetic. In FIG. 3, an arrow 19 indicates the gas flow and its impact on the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7. Two small arrows 20 leading away from the point of impact indicate swirling of the gas flow. This impact and the subsequent swirling effect a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 8, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. Between the pressure in the end part of the hollow contact 2 and the pressure in the intermediate volume 7, a pressure difference in the range of about 0.4 to 1 bar usually builds up in short-circuit shutdown, the pressure in the intermediate volume 7 is the larger. After a comparatively short one Dwell time in the intermediate volume 7, the still quite hot gas flows through the at least one opening 9 in the exhaust volume 10th

This outflow takes place in the radial direction. The resulting gas jet impinges on the wall of the exhaust volume 10, which is embodied here as a metallic wall 11, and is deflected by the latter under intense vortex formation. In FIG. 3, an arrow 21 indicates the gas flow and its impact on the wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10. Two small arrows 22 leading away from the point of impact indicate swirling of the gas jet. This vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 11, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. The rather cooled gas now flows to the axially offset opening 13 in the wall 11. This flow is in a spiral around the longitudinal axis 1, wherein heat is further withdrawn from the gas. From this opening 13, the cooled gas then flows into the extinguishing chamber volume 14, it is then available for further switching operations.

$${\text{V}}_{\text{2/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0,1 bis 0,5) m}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{3/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1,0 bis 2,5) m.}$$

A particularly good cooling of the flowing hot gas is achieved if the following conditions are met in this first embodiment of the circuit breaker: $${\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="V" filenames="imgf0005.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{1}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) <figure-callout id="2" label="m V" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">m </figure-callout>}$$

$${\text{V}}_{}$$$${}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0.1 to 0.5) <figure-callout id="3" label="m V" filenames="imgf0001.png" state="{{state}}">m </figure-callout>}$$

$${\text{V}}_{}$$$${}_{\text{3 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1.0 to 2.5) m.}$$

In this case, for example, the volumes V _{1,2,3 are} measured in cubic meters and the cross sections A _1,2,3 in square meters.

A particularly good increase in performance of a first embodiment of a circuit breaker has been achieved with the following configuration of the exhaust area:

The volume V ₁ inside the hollow contact 2 was made with 0.33 liters and the cross section A _{1 of} the first opening 1850 square millimeters. The volume V _{2 of} the intermediate volume 7 was carried out with 0.7 liters and the cross section A _{2 of} the third opening 9 3800 square millimeters. The volume V _{3 of} the exhaust volume 10 was carried out with 8 liters and the cross section A _{3 of} the second opening 13 with 4000 square millimeters.

2 shows a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a second embodiment of a circuit breaker. This second embodiment of the quenching chamber is also constructed as a rule rotationally symmetrical and corresponds to the first embodiment substantially. Here, however, a second additional volume 16 is provided which has a volume V ₄ . The additional volume 16 is limited by a wall 17, it surrounds the intermediate volume 7 concentrically. The opening 9 in the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7 opens into this additional volume 16. The wall 17 is preferably made of metal, such as steel or copper, but it can also consist of a good heat-conducting plastic, as described earlier , The wall 17 has at least one opening 18, which allows the passage of the turbulent gases in the radial direction in the concentrically arranged exhaust volume 10. The at least one opening 18 in the wall 17 has a cross section A ₄ . This opening 18 can also be provided with a blind-like cover, as has been described in connection with the opening 9. In general, the openings 9 and 18, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, axially offset from each other, so that the swirling, flowing in the radial direction gases, not directly through the openings 18 can flow into the exhaust volume 10. It is, however conceivable that the openings 9 and 18 overlap at least partially.

The additional volume 16 is shown in FIG. 2 only in the upper half of the drawing. As shown in FIG. 2, it may extend only around a part of the circumference of the intermediate volume 7 or, as shown in FIG. 4, surround the entire intermediate volume 7 concentrically.

In general, in this embodiment, the hollow contact 2 is moved together with the connector 12 when turning off the circuit breaker in the direction of arrow 3 to the left. The intermediate volume 7, additional volume 16 and the exhaust volume 10 are arranged in the interior of the quenching chamber insulator 15 stationary. 2, for example, the open position of the hollow contact 2 is shown. However, it is quite possible that the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 with the hollow contact 2 and the connector 12 form a common assembly, so that when switching off the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 with the hollow contact 2 is moved together through the stationary arranged exhaust volume 10 , It is also possible that the exhaust volume 10 is combined with the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16, the hollow contact 2 and the connector 12 to a common assembly that moves when turned off as a whole by the quenching chamber volume 14 to the left.

In FIG. 4, an arrow 23 indicates the gas flow from the intermediate volume 7 and its impact on the wall 17 of the additional volume 16. Two small arrows 24 leading away from the point of impact indicate the swirling of the gas jet. This intense vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 17, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is advantageously reduced. From the Additional volume 16 then flows the fluidized gas through the openings 18 in the exhaust volume 10, as the arrow 21 indicates. Here then again an impact of the gas jet connected with an intensive turbulence, as already described. In this second embodiment of the circuit breaker, the hot gas is cooled particularly well, since a further impact of the gas on the additional wall 17 and, associated therewith, an even better cooling effect than in the first embodiment variant is provided.

The mode of operation of the second embodiment corresponds essentially to that of the first embodiment, but in this case the gas jet flowing out of the intermediate volume 7 in the radial direction impinges on the wall 17 of the additional volume 16 and is deflected by the latter under intense vortex formation. This vortex formation causes a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 17, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is again advantageously reduced. After a comparatively short residence time in the additional volume 16, the gas flows through the at least one opening 18 into the exhaust volume 10. This outflow takes place in the radial direction. The resulting gas jet impinges on the wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10 and is deflected by this under an intense vortex formation. This vortex formation causes, as already described, a particularly good heat transfer to the wall 11, whereby the volume of the swirling gas is again advantageously reduced. The cooled gas now flows to the axially offset opening 13 in the wall 11. This flow is within the exhaust volume 10 spirally around the longitudinal axis 1, wherein the gas further heat is removed. From this opening 13, the cooled gas flows into the quenching chamber volume 14, it is then available for further switching operations.

$${\text{V}}_{\text{2/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0,1 bis 0,5) m}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{3/}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1,0 bis 2,5) m,}$$

und $${\text{V}}_{\text{3}}{\text{/A}}_{\text{3}}{\text{≥ V}}_{\text{4}}{\text{/A}}_{\text{4}}{\text{≥ V}}_{\text{2}}{\text{/A}}_{\text{2}}\text{.}$$

A particularly good cooling of the flowing hot gas is achieved if the following conditions are met in this second embodiment: $${\text{<figure-callout id="1" label="V" filenames="imgf0005.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{1}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{1}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) <figure-callout id="2" label="m V" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">m </figure-callout>}$$

$${\text{V}}_{}$$$${}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0.1 to 0.5) <figure-callout id="3" label="m V" filenames="imgf0001.png" state="{{state}}">m </figure-callout>}$$

$${\text{V}}_{}$$$${}_{\text{3 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1.0 to 2.5) m,}$$

and $${\text{<figure-callout id="3" label="V" filenames="imgf0001.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{3}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{3}}{\text{≥ <figure-callout id="4" label="V" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{4}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{4}}{\text{≥ <figure-callout id="2" label="V" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">V</figure-callout>}}_{\text{2}}{\text{/ <figure-callout id="2" label="A" filenames="imgf0001.png,imgf0002.png" state="{{state}}">A</figure-callout>}}_{\text{2}}\text{,}$$

In this case, for example, the volumes V _{1,2,3,4 are} measured in cubic meters and the cross sections A _1,2,3,4 in square meters.

5 shows a highly simplified and schematically illustrated partial section through the exhaust area of a quenching chamber of a third embodiment of a circuit breaker. This third embodiment of the quenching chamber is also constructed rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 1 and corresponds to the first embodiment substantially. The dotted line 25 indicates the outer contour of the hollow contact 2, wherein the openings between the interior of the hollow contact 2 and the intermediate volume 7 are not shown. This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment by the formation of the opening 9. It is here, for example, provided, the openings 9 by means of a perforated plate-like aperture formed with a plurality of openings 9a, 9b, etc. is provided to close, so as to achieve a plurality of radially directed gas jets. These gas jets then impinge on the wall 11 and swirl at a plurality of impact points, so that there takes place a particularly intensive cooling of the hot gas and, associated therewith, a particularly effective volume reduction of the gas.

The cross section A _{2 of} the opening 9 of the first embodiment is here on a plurality of circular holes 9 a, 9 b, etc. distributed. Of course, there are other embodiments of the Openings of the perforated plate-like aperture conceivable. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. Here, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a uniform diameter D on. However, it is also possible different diameters D for the individual holes 9a, 9b, etc. provided. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. have here in the axial direction, for example, a center distance S on. However, it is also possible to provide different center distances S. The holes 9a, 9b, etc. are generally cylindrical and have cylindrical side walls 26. Between the outside of the wall 8 of the intermediate volume 7 and the inside of the opposite wall 11 of the exhaust volume 10, a distance H is provided. Decisive for the efficiency of the cooling of the through the holes 9a, 9b, etc. flowing hot gas is the ratio H / D. In such circuit breakers, a value of H / D in the range of 5 to about 1.5 is normally desired. A value of H / D = 2 has proven to be particularly favorable.

For the dimensioning of the axial center distance S between the holes 9a, 9b, etc. with the uniform diameter D, the following relationship has been found to be particularly favorable: $$\text{S = 1.4 · H.}$$

The center distance between the holes 9a, 9b, etc. and another, circumferentially displaced row of holes is determined so that the impact points of the gas jets flowing through the bores on the respective opposite wall in the optimal distance S for the respective arrangement. If this distance S is not undershot, it is ensured that the turbulences around the impact points do not influence each other negatively, so that in all cases an effective cooling of the gases is ensured.

If the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker is to be further increased, the bores 9a, 9b, etc. in terms of shape, size, arrangement and number optimally designed and matched to the respective operating requirements. A particularly good cooling performance is achieved if, as shown in FIG. 5 in the bore 9c, the side wall 27 is made chamfered, wherein the bore 9c widens in the flow direction of the hot gases. A bevel at 45 ° tilt relative to the central axis of the respective bore has been found to be particularly effective.

This type of construction according to the third embodiment described can also be used to modify the second embodiment of the circuit breaker, and that can be configured in accordance with this both the wall 8 and the wall 17 together with their structural environment with holes. But it is also possible to design only one of the two walls 8 or 17 accordingly.

The embodiments described so far are basically rotationally symmetrical. However, if the available space conditions require, it is readily possible to deviate from the rotationally symmetrical design and, for example, in the first embodiment, the intermediate volume 7 be formed as a separate assembly, which is arranged wholly or partially deviating from the rotational symmetry. In the second embodiment of the circuit breaker, for example, the additional volume 16 as a separate, completely or partially outside the rotational symmetry module are formed. In this second embodiment, however, it is also possible for both the intermediate volume 7 and the additional volume 16 to be designed as separate assemblies which deviate from the rotational symmetry. However, with all these To eighth variants of the fact that the ratios described earlier between the volumes V _{1, 2, 3, 4} and the cross-sections of the openings A _1,2,3,4 6.9 and adhered 18 between the respective volumes.

The cross sections of the openings 6,9 and 18 between the corresponding volumes can be designed in a very different way. Here are given only a few embodiments. Likewise, the arrangement of these openings to a variety of variants. If, for example, the extinguishing chamber is operated lying, these openings can be arranged predominantly in the upper part of the exhaust area, in order to ensure that fixed switching residues settle in the lower part of the respective volume, where they are harmless.

The embodiments of the circuit breaker described so far each have only one power contact piece per extinguishing chamber, which is designed as a tubular hollow contact 2. If a further increase in power of the circuit breaker can be achieved, the geometrical design of the exhaustion region of the first hollow contact 2 opposite second power contact piece is designed similar to the already described embodiments, so that on the way of the on the side of the second power contact piece from the arc chamber in the direction Exhaust volume 10 discharged hot gases, a similarly effective radial deflection and at least one inventive intermediate volume can be arranged. If the geometrical conditions given above are also taken into account on this page, a similarly effective cooling of the hot gases and, associated therewith, a further advantageous reduction of the gas volume are obtained. A circuit breaker whose extinguishing chamber or extinguishing chambers on both sides with this improved leadership and Cooling of the hot gases are provided, has a much higher cut-off power than a conventional circuit breaker with the same dimensions.

In conventional circuit breakers, which are already in use in switchgear, it is possible for revisions, if the geometrical structure allows this with reasonable effort to retrofit an additional intermediate volume in the exhaust area in the outflow of hot gases in the exhaust volume. In this way, an increase in the breaking capacity can be achieved with comparatively little effort. The increased power switching capacity of the so modified circuit breaker allows to increase the transmission power of an existing high voltage network with advantageously little effort, since the investment for new circuit breaker omitted. Since the vast majority of conventional extinguishing chambers is constructed radially symmetrical, such retrofitting, or such a subsequent retrofitting of a circuit breaker should be comparatively easy and advantageously feasible with reasonable cost.

NAME LIST

1

longitudinal axis

2

hollow Contact

3

arrow

4

redirection

5

arrow

6

openings

7

intermediate volume

8th

wall

9

opening

9a, 9b, etc.

drilling

10

exhaust volume

11

wall

12

connector

13

opening

14

Arcing chamber volume

15

Extinguishing chamber insulator

16

additional volume

17

wall

18

opening

19-24

arrows

25

dotted line

26.27

Side wall

V _1,2,3,4

volumes

A _1,2,3,4

cross sections

H

distance

S

center distance

D

diameter

Claims (21)

Circuit breaker, which has at least one filled with an insulating gas, along a longitudinal axis (1) extending and substantially radially symmetrical constructed, containing an arc chamber extinguishing chamber having at least two Leistungsungskontaktstücken, wherein at least one of the power contact pieces, as a movable or fixed tubular hollow contact (2) is formed , which is provided for the discharge of hot gases from the arc chamber in an exhaust volume (10) arranged with one on the side facing away from the arcing space of the hollow contact (2), with at least a first opening (6) of the hollow contact (2) cooperating, with a connecting piece (12) connected to deflection (4) for the radial deflection of the hot gases in the exhaust volume (10) which is connected by at least one second opening (13) with a quenching chamber volume (14), characterized - That between the hollow contact (2) and the exhaust volume (10) at least one intermediate volume (7) is provided. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized - That the at least one intermediate volume (7) fixed in the exhaust volume (10) and this in the interior of the quenching chamber volume (14) delimiting quenching chamber insulator (15) is stationary, wherein the hollow contact (2) together with the connecting piece (12) relative to them is mobile. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized - That the at least one intermediate volume (7) is fixedly connected to the hollow contact (2) and with the connecting piece (12) and with these together by the stationarily arranged exhaust volume (10) is movable relative to this. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized - That the at least one intermediate volume (7) is fixedly connected to the hollow contact (2) and with the connecting piece (12) and the exhaust volume (10) and together with these through the quenching chamber volume (14) is movable relative thereto. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized - That the at least one first intermediate volume (7) is arranged concentrically to the deflection (4), that the at least one first intermediate volume (7) is delimited by a first wall (8) against the exhaust volume (10), - That the first wall (8) has at least one third, radially aligned opening (9) which connects the intermediate volume (7) with the exhaust volume (10), and - That the first wall (8) consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal or a vapor-deposited plastic. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized - That at least a second, referred to as additional volume (16), intermediate volume is provided concentrically between the first intermediate volume (7) and the exhaust volume (10). Circuit breaker according to Claim 6, characterized - that the at least one additional volume (16) from the first wall (8) against the intermediate volume (7) and by a second wall (17) is limited against the exhaust volume (10), - That the second wall (17) has at least a fourth, radially aligned opening (18) which connects the additional volume (16) with the exhaust volume (10), and - That the second wall (17) consists of a good heat-conducting material, in particular of a metal or a vapor-deposited plastic. Circuit breaker according to Claim 5, characterized - that the following conditions are met: $${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{1}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{3 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1.0 to 2.5) m,}$$

where: V _{1 is} the volume inside the hollow contact (2) and A _{1 is} the cross section of the first opening (6), V _{2 is} the volume of the intermediate volume (7) and A _{2 is} the cross section of the third opening (9), V _{3 is} the volume the exhaust volume (10) and A _3, the cross section of the second opening (13). Circuit breaker according to Claim 7, characterized - that the following conditions are met: $${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{1}}\text{= (0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2 =}}\text{(0.1 to 0.5) m,}$$

$${\text{V}}_{\text{3 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{3 =}}\text{(1.0 to 2.5) m,}$$

and $${\text{V}}_{\text{3}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{3}}{\text{≥ V}}_{\text{4}}{\text{/ A}}_{\text{4}}{\text{≥ V}}_{\text{2 /}}{\text{A}}_{\text{2}}\text{.}$$

where: V _{1 is} the volume inside the hollow contact (2) and A _{1 is} the cross section of the first opening (6), V _{2 is} the volume of the intermediate volume (7) and A _{2 is} the cross section of the third opening (9), V _{3 is} the volume of Exhaust volume (10) and A _3, the cross section of the second opening (13), V _4, the volume of the additional volume (16) and A _4, the cross section of the fourth opening (18). Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized - That the at least one first opening (6) relative to the at least one third opening (9) is offset on the circumference so that a radially directed, rectilinear flow through the hot gases through the intermediate volume (7) is not possible. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized - That the at least one first opening (6) relative to the at least one third opening (9) is arranged on the periphery so that at least for a portion of the hot gases, a radially directed, rectilinear flow through the intermediate volume (7) is possible. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized - That the at least one fourth opening (18) relative to the at least one third opening (9) at the periphery and / or in the axial direction is offset so that a radially directed, rectilinear flow through the hot gases through the additional volume (16) is not possible , Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized - That the at least one fourth opening (18) relative to the at least one third opening (9) is arranged so that at least for a portion of the hot gases, a radially directed, rectilinear flow through the additional volume (16) is possible. Circuit breaker according to Claim 8, characterized In that - the volume V ₁ within the hollow contact (2) 0.33 liter, and the cross-section A of the first opening (6) 1850 square millimeters is _1, - That the volume V _{2 of} the intermediate volume (7) is 0.7 liters and the cross section A _{2 of} the third opening (9) 3800 square millimeters, and - That the volume V _{3 of} the exhaust volume (10) is 8 liters and A _3, the cross-section A _{3 of} the second opening (13) 4000 square millimeters. Circuit breaker according to Claim 9, characterized - That the opening (9) with a plurality of bores (9a, 9b, etc ..) having aperture is closed. Circuit breaker according to Claim 15, characterized - That between the outside of the wall (8) and the inside of this opposite wall (11) is provided a perpendicular distance H, - That the holes (9a, 9b, etc.) Each have a diameter D, and - That a ratio H / D is provided in the range of 5 to 1.5. Circuit breaker according to Claim 16, characterized - That between the holes (9a, 9b, etc ..) An axial center distance S is provided, which is determined according to the following relationship: $$\text{S = 1.4 · H}$$

Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 15 to 17, characterized - That the holes (9a, 9b, etc.) Have beveled side walls (27), so that the holes (9a, 9b, etc ..) Expand in the flow direction of the hot gas. Circuit breaker according to Claim 18, characterized - That the side walls (27) of the widening bores (9a, 9b, etc.) An angle in the range of 35 ° to 50 °, but preferably an angle of 45 °, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bores (9a, 9b, etc. ) exhibit. Circuit breaker according to one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized - That further, relative to the holes (9a, 9b, etc ..) On the circumference shifted holes are arranged so that the impact points of the gas jets flowing through the bores on the opposite wall on all sides have the distance S. Circuit breaker according to Claim 1, characterized - That the at least one intermediate volume (7) is designed so that it can be installed later in already operating circuit breaker.

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