EP1271689A1 - Procédé de repointage pour antenne réseau à reflecteur - Google Patents
Procédé de repointage pour antenne réseau à reflecteur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1271689A1 EP1271689A1 EP02291507A EP02291507A EP1271689A1 EP 1271689 A1 EP1271689 A1 EP 1271689A1 EP 02291507 A EP02291507 A EP 02291507A EP 02291507 A EP02291507 A EP 02291507A EP 1271689 A1 EP1271689 A1 EP 1271689A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- fourier transform
- radiating elements
- signal
- phase shift
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000861223 Issus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940050561 matrix product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
- H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a repointing method for array antenna with reflector, and more particularly for array antenna reflector used on board a geostationary satellite.
- the network antennas make it possible to form a or more radiation patterns using a set of elementary sources whose signals are combined by a device called beam forming network, digital or analog.
- Antennas networks thus make it possible to simultaneously form several diagrams, that is to say to form a multi-beam cover, by applying several different feeding laws. These multi-beam covers are frequently used in the telecommunications sector, in particular by geostationary satellites.
- the multibeam coverage of the network antennas used on board these satellites are made up of very fine beams, typically having a width of the order of degree.
- a small depointing can induce strong variations in the radiated power in a given direction. Therefore, it is important that the score of these beams be very precise.
- Pointing errors appearing during the use of satellites The difference is generally called the pointing error angular on each axis of a three-dimensional frame of reference between the position theoretical of the antenna (and / or its reflector) and its actual position.
- Pointing errors are notably linked to instabilities on the one hand, to the relative errors of position of the antenna relative to the satellite on the other hand, and finally to internal deformations of the antenna, such as the original deformations reflector temperature.
- the first two sources of error which cause an overall pointing error of all the spots formed by the antenna, are preponderant.
- the satellite has attitude control systems; however, these only provide accuracy of the order of a tenth of a degree, that is to say insufficient in the case of geostationary satellites to coverage provided by multiple fine beams.
- the antenna must by therefore have its own repointing system.
- the network antennas used on board the satellites can be two main types, well known: direct radiation antennas and reflector antennas.
- the received signal cannot not be expressed in simple analytical form, i.e. there is no direct relationship between the desired score and the feeding laws of radiant elements.
- the solution currently being considered to correct the pointing error of these reflector array antennas is a mechanical solution: two to three motors control the position of the reflector, which is changed by so as to correct the pointing error, the latter involving, as we have seen, two to three possible axes of rotation.
- the aim of the present invention is therefore to develop a repointing process for a reflector array antenna which allows get rid of the use of complex, expensive and bulky motors while ensuring sufficient precision, particularly required in the case of geostationary satellites.
- a digital correction is therefore made of the signal sent or received by the antenna, instead of applying a correction mechanical.
- the basic idea of the invention is based on the one hand on the fact that the offset of the antenna radiation pattern corresponds to a spatial offset (i.e. phase shift) of received (or transmitted) signals by the radiating elements at the focus of the reflector, and on the other hand on the fact that, thanks to the properties of the Fourier transform, the shift of the focal spot in the focal plane of the reflector is converted to simple multiplication by a phase.
- Performing a direct or inverse Fourier transform after the product by the phase shift matrix allows to find signals equivalent to those actually received or emitted by the elements radiating from the antenna.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to carry out a repointing simultaneous of all the beams of a reflector array antenna.
- the sampling can be carried out after lowering of the radio frequency signal in intermediate band or base band.
- the estimation of the depointing is carried out by a first order numeric loop from the known position of at least a fixed tag.
- beam forming networks are devices having as many inputs as there are radiating elements, and as many outputs as there are beams to be formed.
- beamforming by calculation is integrated into a processor digital (not shown) which also performs other functions of the payload such as for example demultiplexing of the input signal.
- the actual beamforming is controlled by a processor control (not shown) which notably updates the coefficients of weighting.
- the reception chain 12 consists of an analog part, intended to amplify the signal and to transpose the radio frequency to a compatible frequency of sampling, and of a block ensuring the sampling itself.
- Digital sampling of the signals of each element radiant 11 keeps these signals available for processing to be performed (unlike analog beam former for which only the output is available).
- the signals do not undergo only negligible degradations in front of degradations brought by the analog part of the chain.
- the sampling digital allows the sampled signals to be used as many times as necessary by simple duplication of the signal, for example in treatments additional to the formation of beams, such as the treatment of process of the present invention which will be described in detail below.
- the formation of beams by calculation therefore presents many advantages for payloads of telecommunications satellites, especially in the case of telecommunications antennas with coverage multi-beams such as those used in geostationary satellites. Indeed, in a beamforming network by calculation, the signal is losslessly copied for use in forming multiple beams, at instead of being divided, as is the case in analog devices.
- the beamforming by calculation has already been used with a network antenna with reflector within the Thuraya satellite.
- the signal received by the antenna cannot be expressed in simple analytical form.
- the setting point of the method according to the invention therefore firstly requires to model the signal received to find the relation which links it to the “ideal” signal in function the antenna pointing error.
- the deflection of the antenna along these two axes corresponds to a translation of the field radiated in the focal plane of the reflector 20, i.e. at a spatial offset of the signals received by the radiating elements.
- the antenna deflection is equivalent to an offset of the angle of incidence apparent waves on the antenna.
- Figure 3 the representation of the amplitude of the nominal radiated field in the focal plane P of the reflector 20 represented by the curve 30 in solid lines, and the amplitude of the radiated field offset in the focal plane P represented by the curve 30 'in broken lines.
- the direction nominal of the incident wave on the reflector 20 is shown in line solid and referenced D in FIG. 3, and the offset direction of the incident wave due to the antenna pointing error is shown in line interrupted and referenced in Figure 3.
- phase plane is also shown in FIG. 3 in solid lines. nominal ⁇ equivalent after inverse Fourier transform, and in line interrupted the shifted phase plane ⁇ '.
- the product of this inverse Fourier transform of the signals received with the phase plan is done mathematically by the matrix product between the vector giving the components of the Fourier transform inverse of the signals collected by the radiating elements and the matrix corresponding to the phase shift.
- the shifted phase plane is corrected to obtain a corrected phase plane ⁇ c (see FIG. 3), identical to the nominal phase plane ⁇ .
- This phase shift matrix can be decomposed into the product of two matrices, corresponding to the phase slopes to be applied to compensate for the depointings respectively.
- p x is the component of this phase shift matrix which is a function of ⁇ x
- p y that which is a function of ⁇ y .
- Each of these two matrices depends only on the position of the radiating elements, and on the slope to be applied along x and y.
- This estimate is based on the following principle.
- the amplitude and the phase of the signal seen by each of them vary according to of the propagation medium, but not the relative values of the amplitude and the phase of the two signals, which are a function only of the direction arrival of the wave.
- the loop is locked on k 0 , so as to estimate p l , to a precision fixed by the user, and which must be chosen as a function of the noise floor, and of the precision which can be obtained on k 0 .
- the invention therefore makes it possible to repoint all of the beams of a multi-beam type reflector array antenna at the same time.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to both reception and transmission.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- on estime le dépointage du diagramme de rayonnement de ladite antenne pour obtenir une matrice dite de déphasage,
- on calcule la transformée de Fourier inverse discrète des échantillons de signal fournis par les éléments rayonnants,
- on effectue un produit entre ladite matrice de déphasage et ladite transformée de Fourier inverse dudit signal échantillonné,
- on calcule la transformée de Fourier directe discrète dudit produit.
ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes :
- on estime le dépointage du diagramme de rayonnement de ladite antenne pour obtenir une matrice dite de déphasage,
- on calcule la transformée de Fourier directe discrète des échantillons de signal devant être transmis par les éléments rayonnants à un instant donné,
- on effectue un produit entre ladite matrice de déphasage et ladite transformée de Fourier directe dudit signal échantillonné,
- on calcule la transformée de Fourier inverse discrète dudit produit.
- la figure 1 illustre de manière schématique le fonctionnement général d'une antenne à formation de faisceau par le calcul, à la réception,
- la figure 2 donne la définition du dépointage ou erreur de pointage,
- la figure 3 illustre schématiquement le principe du repointage selon l'invention
- la figure 4 illustre schématiquement et de manière fonctionnelle le principe du repointage selon l'invention de la figure 3,
- la figure 5 illustre également schématiquement la boucle numérique d'estimation de l'erreur de pointage selon l'invention.
- un réseau 10 d'éléments rayonnants 11
- en aval de chaque élément rayonnant 11 (ou éventuellement de chaque groupe d'éléments rayonnants), une chaíne de réception 12 amplifie le signal radiofréquence reçu par l'antenne et le transpose soit en bande de base, soit à fréquence intermédiaire afin qu'il soit échantillonné
- un ou plusieurs convertisseurs analogique-numérique (CAN) 13 destinés à échantillonner les signaux issus des chaínes de réception 12
- un bloc de pondération 14 par des poids complexes des signaux échantillonnés
- un sommateur 15 pour sommer les signaux échantillonnés et pondérés.
- une rotation d'angle εx autour d'un axe orthogonal à xres et parallèle au plan (xres,yres )
- une rotation d'angle ε y autour d'un axe orthogonal à yres et parallèle au plan (xres ,yres ).
- k 0 est la valeur de Δ / Σ nominale, sans dépointage (pointage nominal)
- G1 est la fonction de transfert qui lie pl-p andl (estimée de pl ) à Δ / Σ - k 0, c'est-à-dire le gain du détecteur
- F1 est le coefficient de retour de la boucle du premier ordre ; il doit être choisi de manière à respecter les conditions de stabilité de la boucle
- 1 / z - 1est l'intégrateur de la boucle numérique, exprimé avec la variable z classique.
Claims (6)
- Procédé de repointage pour antenne réseau à réflecteur, ladite antenne comprenant une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants et étant du type à formation de faisceaux par le calcul, de sorte que chaque signal reçu par ladite antenne est échantillonné,
ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes :on estime le dépointage du diagramme de rayonnement de ladite antenne pour obtenir une matrice dite de déphasage,on calcule la transformée de Fourier inverse discrète des échantillons de signal fournis par les éléments rayonnants,on effectue un produit entre ladite matrice de déphasage et ladite transformée de Fourier inverse dudit signal échantillonné,on calcule la transformée de Fourier directe discrète dudit produit. - Procédé de repointage pour antenne réseau à réflecteur, ladite antenne comprenant une pluralité d'éléments rayonnants et étant du type à formation de faisceaux par le calcul, de sorte que chaque signal prêt à émettre par ladite antenne est également échantillonné
ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les opérations suivantes :on estime le dépointage du diagramme de rayonnement de ladite antenne pour obtenir une matrice dite de déphasage,on calcule la transformée de Fourier directe discrète des échantillons de signal devant être transmis par les éléments rayonnants à un instant donné,on effectue un produit entre ladite matrice de déphasage et ladite transformée de Fourier directe dudit signal échantillonné,on calcule la transformée de Fourier inverse discrète dudit produit. - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que lesdites transformées de Fourier relient les angles du diagramme de rayonnement de ladite antenne aux coordonnées linéaires dans le plan focal dudit réflecteur.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que l'échantillonnage est effectué après descente en fréquence du signal radiofréquence en bande intermédiaire ou bande de base.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que l'estimation du dépointage est effectuée par une boucle numérique fermée du premier ordre à partir de la position connue d'au moins une balise fixe pour obtenir ladite matrice de déphasage.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que ladite boucle numérique fermée utilise le rapport de la différence sur la somme des amplitudes des signaux issus de deux éléments rayonnants adjacents de ladite antenne.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0108181A FR2826511B1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2001-06-21 | Procede de repointage pour antenne reseau a reflecteur |
FR0108181 | 2001-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1271689A1 true EP1271689A1 (fr) | 2003-01-02 |
Family
ID=8864599
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02291507A Withdrawn EP1271689A1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-17 | Procédé de repointage pour antenne réseau à reflecteur |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6670918B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1271689A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4088109B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2389899C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2826511B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100579129B1 (ko) | 2003-12-26 | 2006-05-12 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 성형 반사판을 이용한 오프셋 하이브리드 안테나 |
EP2119047B1 (fr) * | 2007-03-03 | 2010-09-22 | Astrium Limited | Correction d'erreur de pointage de faisceau satellite dans une architecture de formation de faisceau numérique |
US7834807B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2010-11-16 | Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. | Retro-directive ground-terminal antenna for communication with geostationary satellites in slightly inclined orbits |
FR2936906B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-07 | 2011-11-25 | Thales Sa | Reseau reflecteur a arrangement optimise et antenne comportant un tel reseau reflecteur |
US8274425B2 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-09-25 | Raytheon Company | Single channel semi-active radar seeker |
CN108471324A (zh) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-31 | 索尼公司 | 电子设备、通信装置和信号处理方法 |
CN109713460A (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-05-03 | 中国气象局气象探测中心 | Gnss全向天线及其探测方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1526195A (fr) * | 1967-04-11 | 1968-05-24 | Csf | Perfectionnement aux antennes à balayage électronique |
GB1277004A (en) | 1968-05-15 | 1972-06-07 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in antennae |
US5805575A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-09-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a beacon signal in a wireless communication system |
US5929804A (en) | 1996-06-24 | 1999-07-27 | Agence Spatiale Europeene | Reconfigurable zonal beam forming system for an antenna on a satellite in orbit and method of optimizing reconfiguration |
US6208294B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2001-03-27 | Fujitsu Limited | Array antenna receiving device |
US20020005800A1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-17 | Alcatel | Telecommunications antenna intended to cover a large terrestrial area |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA235119A (fr) * | 1923-10-23 | L. Oberg Mannie | Lacet de bottes | |
US4216475A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-08-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Digital beam former |
US4596986A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1986-06-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Sidelobe canceller with adaptive antenna subarraying using a weighted Butler matrix |
US4907004A (en) * | 1988-05-23 | 1990-03-06 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Power versatile satellite transmitter |
US4901085A (en) * | 1988-09-23 | 1990-02-13 | Spar Aerospace Limited | Divided LLBFN/HMPA transmitted architecture |
FR2652452B1 (fr) * | 1989-09-26 | 1992-03-20 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Dispositif d'alimentation d'une antenne a faisceaux multiples. |
FR2672436B1 (fr) * | 1991-01-31 | 1993-09-10 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Dispositif de controle electronique du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne a un ou plusieurs faisceaux de direction et/ou de largeur variable. |
US5689272A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1997-11-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for producing antenna element signals for varying an antenna array pattern |
US5812089A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-09-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for beamforming in a triangular grid pattern |
US5955920A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-21 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Signal feed matrix LPA reduction system and method |
JP2000244224A (ja) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-09-08 | Denso Corp | マルチビームアンテナ及びアンテナシステム |
-
2001
- 2001-06-21 FR FR0108181A patent/FR2826511B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-06-17 EP EP02291507A patent/EP1271689A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-20 CA CA2389899A patent/CA2389899C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-20 US US10/175,069 patent/US6670918B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-20 JP JP2002179986A patent/JP4088109B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1526195A (fr) * | 1967-04-11 | 1968-05-24 | Csf | Perfectionnement aux antennes à balayage électronique |
GB1277004A (en) | 1968-05-15 | 1972-06-07 | Nat Res Dev | Improvements in antennae |
US5929804A (en) | 1996-06-24 | 1999-07-27 | Agence Spatiale Europeene | Reconfigurable zonal beam forming system for an antenna on a satellite in orbit and method of optimizing reconfiguration |
US5805575A (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-09-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing a beacon signal in a wireless communication system |
US6208294B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2001-03-27 | Fujitsu Limited | Array antenna receiving device |
US20020005800A1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2002-01-17 | Alcatel | Telecommunications antenna intended to cover a large terrestrial area |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4088109B2 (ja) | 2008-05-21 |
US20020196182A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
CA2389899A1 (fr) | 2002-12-21 |
FR2826511B1 (fr) | 2003-12-19 |
FR2826511A1 (fr) | 2002-12-27 |
JP2003078329A (ja) | 2003-03-14 |
US6670918B2 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
CA2389899C (fr) | 2012-12-11 |
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Legal Events
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