EP1243713A1 - Construction process of a building from modular metallic elements and building thus obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

Building comprises base module (10) which consists of four metallic posts (14), and metallic beams (16) linking upper ends of posts, metallic frame (38) forming flagstone (12), front panels (28) with metallic frame, and eventually lateral panels (26) if base module has extension modules (24), linked to posts. Building also has roof formed from roof panels (84) with metallic frame. <??>Each panel is linked, on one side, to front panels, and to lateral panels, and, on other side, to adjacent roof panel so as to obtain self-supporting roof structure. <??>An Independent claim is also included for the construction process of a building from modular metallic elements.

Description

The present invention relates to a new manufacturing process of building from metallic modular elements.

The so-called traditional buildings generally comprise at the level of the structural work, foundations supporting a screed, walls and a roof made up of a frame and covering elements.

In general, the walls are obtained by stacking bricks, concrete blocks or the like, and are dressed after the shell, outside with a plaster and inside by a double partition for example.

Usually, the frame is obtained by the assembly of beams, purlins, rafters and other battens, and rests on the walls surmounted by gables according to the roof shapes.

To reduce production time and costs, a first solution consists of replacing the concrete block walls with an assembly of elements precast concrete.

Even if this solution reduces the time and costs of realization of the walls, it is not entirely satisfactory because the molded prefabricated elements must be produced in large numbers to obtain competitive costs which restricts the freedom of the forms of the houses thus manufactured.

Also, the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the art by proposing a new method of building, especially structural work, making it possible to reduce the time and costs of achievement, while offering a variety of building forms, both in terms of walls than roof.

To this end, the invention relates to a building comprising bottom in high, a slab, walls and a roof characterized in that it comprises at minus a basic module made up of four metal posts arranged at the vertices of a right quadrilateral, metal beams connecting the upper ends of the posts two by two along the sides of the right quadrilateral, a metal frame forming the slab, panels metal-framed front panels and possibly side panels with metal frame if the basic module includes extension modules connected to the posts and in that the roof is made from roof panels with metal frame each of which is connected on the one hand to the front panels and possibly lateral and on the other hand to at least one roof panel adjacent.

Advantageously, the basic module comprises at least one module extension comprising two side panels each having a vertical side connected to the corresponding post and extending from the faces parallel side of the base module as well as a front panel connecting the free vertical sides of side panels.

According to another characteristic, the front and side panels have a horizontal brace in the upper part and at least one vertical bracing.

• couler des plots en guise de fondation,
• disposer sur lesdits plots une ossature métallique formant la dalle,
• disposer des poteaux, de préférence au droit des plots, et des poutres de manière à former un module de base,
• fixer audit module de base des panneaux frontaux, si aucun module d'extension n'est prévu, ou des panneaux frontaux et des panneaux latéraux si un ou plusieurs modules d'extension sont prévus, en les solidarisant entre eux, aux poteaux, aux poutres et/ou à l'ossature métallique de la dalle,
• renforcer l'ensemble ainsi formé à l'aide de tirants ou de contreventements,
• éventuellement, en fonction des formes de la toiture, placer des pignons à ossature métallique,
• rapporter les panneaux de toit en les solidarisant entre eux et avec les panneaux latéraux et/ou frontaux et/ou les éventuels pignons.

The subject of the invention is also a method for producing a building, characterized in that it consists in:

• pour studs as a foundation,
• have a metal frame forming said slab on said studs,
• have posts, preferably in line with the studs, and beams so as to form a basic module,
• fix front panels, if no extension module is provided, or front panels and side panels if one or more extension modules are provided, to said basic module, by fastening them together to the posts, beams and / or the metal frame of the slab,
• reinforce the assembly thus formed using tie rods or bracing,
• possibly, depending on the shape of the roof, place gables with a metal frame,
• add the roof panels by joining them together and with the side and / or front panels and / or any gables.

According to another characteristic, a floor is attached to the frame metallic at ground level, exterior cladding in the form of facing or analogous and an interior covering in the form of a double partition or the like are fitted against the side and front panels and elements of overlap are reported on the roof panels.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un module de base selon l'invention,
• la figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un module de base avec un module d'extension,
• la figure 3 est une vue de dessus de la partie supérieure d'un module de base avec des modules d'extension,
• la figure 4 est une vue de dessus de la dalle d'un module de base avec des modules d'extension,
• la figure 5 est une vue en élévation latérale d'une habitation selon l'invention,
• la figure 6 est une vue latérale d'un premier panneau dit latéral,
• la figure 7 est une vue latérale d'un second panneau dit frontal,
• la figure 8A est une vue de dessus montrant une première variante de toit à trois pentes,
• la figure 8B est une vue de dessus montrant une deuxième variante de toit à quatre pentes,
• la figure 9 est une vue en élévation latérale d'un pignon,
• la figure 10 A est une vue en élévation d'un premier panneau de toit,
• la figure 10B est une vue en coupe du premier panneau de toit selon la ligne de coupe B-B de la figure 10A,
• la figure 10C est une vue en coupe du premier panneau de toit selon la ligne de coupe C-C de la figure 10A, et
• la figure 11 est une vue en élévation d'un deuxième panneau de toit.

Other advantages and characteristics will emerge from the description which follows of the process according to the invention, description given by way of example only and with reference to the appended drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a basic module according to the invention,
• FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a basic module with an extension module,
• FIG. 3 is a top view of the upper part of a basic module with extension modules,
• FIG. 4 is a top view of the slab of a basic module with extension modules,
• FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of a dwelling according to the invention,
• FIG. 6 is a side view of a first so-called lateral panel,
• FIG. 7 is a side view of a second so-called front panel,
• FIG. 8A is a top view showing a first variant of a roof with three slopes,
• FIG. 8B is a top view showing a second variant of a roof with four slopes,
• FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of a pinion,
• FIG. 10 A is an elevation view of a first roof panel,
• FIG. 10B is a sectional view of the first roof panel along the section line BB of FIG. 10A,
• FIG. 10C is a sectional view of the first roof panel along the section line CC of FIG. 10A, and
• Figure 11 is an elevational view of a second roof panel.

In Figure 1, there is shown a basic module 10 according to the invention comprising from bottom to top, a slab 12, four metal posts 14 16 metal beams arranged at the vertices of a right quadrilateral connecting the upper ends of the posts 14 two by two along the sides of the right quadrilateral.

According to one embodiment, each metal post 14 has a L-shaped section with a fixing plate at the bottom anchor 18 provided at the level of the slab. Each metal beam 16 comprises, so as to form a brace, two crosspieces 20 parallel connected by a trellis 22, the ends of the sleepers comprising means for fixing to the posts 14, by bolting for example. This set of posts and beams forming a parallelepiped is susceptible to serve as a support for metal frame panels forming the walls sides and slopes of the roof of a dwelling as will be detailed later.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the basic module 10 may include modules at the side of the parallelepiped extension 24 as shown in Figure 2.

Each extension module 24 includes two side panels 26 each having a vertical side connected to the corresponding post 14 and coming in the extension of opposite lateral faces of the base module 10 as well a front panel 28 connecting the free vertical sides of the panels side 26.

Preferably, the panels 26 and 28 are made from a metal frame and have a horizontal bracing 30 in part upper and at least one vertical brace 32 so as to provide overall great rigidity.

Advantageously, the lower edge of each panel includes means of attachment to the slab 12.

According to a preferred embodiment, the means for fixing the side panels 26 to the posts 14, side panels 26 to the panel frontal 28 are made by bolting.

Depending on the case, one or more side faces of the base module 10 may include an extension module 24.

Thus, from one or more base modules 10 and modules extension 24, the architect can design very building shapes varied.

To increase the rigidity of the assembly in the presence of modules extension 24, tie rods 34 are provided so as to connect the panels front ends 28 to each other or to the base module as illustrated in FIG. 3. According to one embodiment, the tie rods 34 are arranged in part upper, at the level of the metal beams 16, and each include means of attachment to the metal beam and to the front panel 28 corresponding, and are interconnected by a punch 36.

According to a preferred embodiment and illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, the slab 12 includes, for each basic module 10, a metal framework 38 resting on four studs 40 arranged in line with the posts 14.

This metal frame 38 serves to support a composite floor with example of a solid metal panel, floor insulation, screed floating and floor covering. It is made from elements metallic such as beams 42 of IPE type and braces 44, interconnected as shown in Figure 4.

Preferably, the framework 38 comprises beams 42 in line with the sides of the base module 10 which extend below the modules extension 24, substantially over a length corresponding to half of the lateral sides of said modules, the anchors 18 being provided at the level of the beams 42 in line with the posts 14. As a variant, other beams 42 are provided according to the dimensions of the base module to support the floor.

In addition, to stiffen the whole, tie rods or bracings 44 connect the beams 42 to one another, and on the other hand part, the beams 42 and the lower parts of the panels 26, 28 of the extension modules 24.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the posts 14 of the basic module 10 are fixed on the metal frame 38 which rests on four studs 40.

The upper level of the floor 46 is shown in dotted lines.

At the extension modules 24, each side panel 26 has a trapezoidal shape so as to adapt to the slope of the roof shown in mixed line.

A side panel 26, shown in detail in Figure 6, includes a metallic frame 48 delimiting said panel, with in the upper part a horizontal bracing 50 delimited by the upper element 52 of the frame and a cross member 54 and at least one vertical brace 56 delimited by a vertical elements 58 of the frame and an upright 60.

Depending on the case, the side panel 26 may include other uprights and / or other sleepers depending on the mechanical characteristics desired and the covering of said panel.

A front panel 28, shown in detail in Figure 7, includes a metal frame 62 delimiting said panel, with in the upper part a horizontal bracing 64 delimited by the upper element 66 of the frame and a cross member 68 and at least one vertical brace 70. The panels front 28 can be arranged so as to connect the free ends of two side panels of an extension module, or between two posts 14 under the beam 16.

Preferably, the vertical bracing 70 is disposed in position median and includes three uprights 72 connected by tie rods 74.

To improve the rigidity of the panel, uprights 76 connect the cross member 68 to the lower element 78 of the frame and cross members 80 connect the different uprights 72, 76 and the vertical elements 82 of the frame.

For the front panels 28 and side panels 26, the different uprights and sleepers are arranged so as to leave free the location of the openings such as windows or doors for example, while providing to said panels the required mechanical characteristics.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the roof is made from metal frame roof panels 84 each of which is connected by a part to side panels 26 and / or front panels 28 or to beams 16 and other share at least one adjacent roof panel.

Depending on the case, pinions 86 with a metal frame, illustrated by the Figure 9, are likely to be arranged above certain beams 16 of the basic module. According to a preferred embodiment, each pinion 86 includes a metallic frame 88 reinforced by uprights 90 and possibly by bracing 92.

In FIG. 8A, a first variant of a three-sided roof is shown. slopes, each slope consisting of a roof panel 84 or a assembly of roof panels 84. As illustrated in FIG. 8A, each slope consists of roof panels 84 connected together, by bolting for example, the roof panels 84 arranged at the edge being connected to the roof panels of the adjacent slope and those to the right of the panels lateral, frontal or pinions being connected to said elements correspondents.

This method of assembly allows you to remove the frame and have a self-supporting structure.

In FIG. 8B, a second variant of a four-sided roof is shown. slopes, each slope being as previously made up of a panel roof 84 or an assembly of roof panels 84, and connected on the one hand to the adjacent slope (s) and on the other hand the front and side panels correspondents.

According to one embodiment, each slope is made up of several roof panels 84 assembled together, illustrated in detail in the figures 10A, 10B, 10C and 11.

Thus, from a reduced number of types of roof panel, one can obtain various forms of roofing.

A first type of roof panel 94 of trapezoidal shape is illustrated. in Figures 10A, 10B and 10C. This panel consists of a frame metallic comprising a frame 96 delimiting the panel, reinforced by uprights, sleepers and / or braces 98. It further includes, as illustrated in FIG. 10B, means of attachment 100 to the posts 14 or to the front 28 or side 26 panels. In addition, some elements of the frame 96 include fixing means 102 to the panels adjacent roof, visible in Figure 10C.

A second type of roof panel 104 of rectangular shape is illustrated in Figure 11. It comprises a metal frame 106 delimiting said panel, reinforced by uprights, crosspieces and / or bracing 108. As before, it further comprises means for fixing to the posts, side and / or front panels, as well as roof panels adjacent.

We can consider other forms of roof panel. However, it is interesting to reduce costs and rationalize the production of said panels to have a limited number of roof panel shapes which by combining them to obtain various forms of roofing.

• couler des plots 40 en guise de fondation,
• disposer sur lesdits plots une ossature métallique 38 formant la dalle 12,
• disposer les poteaux 14, de préférence au droit des plots, et les poutres 16 de manière à former un module de base 10,
• fixer audit module de base les panneaux frontaux 28, si aucun module d'extension 24 n'est prévu, ou les panneaux frontaux 28 et panneaux latéraux 26 si un ou plusieurs modules d'extension 24 sont prévus, en les solidarisant entre eux, aux poteaux 14, aux poutres 16 et/ou à l'ossature métallique 38 formant la dalle 12,
• renforcer l'ensemble ainsi formé à l'aide de tirants 34 ou de contreventements 44,
• éventuellement, en fonction des formes de la toiture, placer les pignons 86,
• rapporter les panneaux de toit 84 en les solidarisant entre eux et avec les panneaux latéraux et/ou frontaux et/ou les éventuels pignons.

According to the invention, the process for producing a building consists in:

• pour studs 40 as a foundation,
• placing a metal framework 38 forming said slab 12 on said pads,
• arrange the posts 14, preferably in line with the studs, and the beams 16 so as to form a basic module 10,
• attach to said base module the front panels 28, if no extension module 24 is provided, or the front panels 28 and side panels 26 if one or more extension modules 24 are provided, by joining them together, to the posts 14, beams 16 and / or metal frame 38 forming the slab 12,
• reinforce the assembly thus formed using tie rods 34 or braces 44,
• possibly, depending on the shape of the roof, place the gables 86,
• add the roof panels 84 by joining them together and with the side and / or front panels and / or any gables.

After assembling the various elements of the invention, one obtains a rigid and solid structure on which can be added at the level of ground the floor 46, at the level of the walls formed by the side panels and front exterior cladding 110 in the form of facing, cladding or similar and an interior covering in the form of a double partition for example and at the level of the roof covering elements, tiles or slates by example.

The method of the invention makes it possible to reduce the construction costs of the structural work by reducing the production time, the different elements being simply assembled in situ.

Thanks to the high rigidity of the metal frames constituting the different panels, it is possible to manufacture these in a workshop and transport them without deforming them on site in order to assemble them.

On the other hand, the different panels, posts, beams are calculated from so as to give the assembly thus formed mechanical characteristics equivalent to those of a so-called traditional construction.

In addition, from a limited number of element types, it is possible to build different buildings both at the level of the walls and the roof which also allows to rationalize the manufacture of said elements and reduce costs.

Finally, a dwelling can be made by assembling several basic modules 10 to which extension modules are attached.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the panels forming the side walls 26, 28 of the building include between the metal parts filling elements, for example in the form of plates of polystyrene attached to the metal framework, so as to form at least on the surface facing the outside of the building, a surface flush with said metal parts. This surface is covered with facing elements such as as slabs, stones or the like, fixed to said surface by means of bonding, for example a suitable resin. Advantageously, the surface is covered with a sufficiently thick layer of resin so that the facing elements are slightly sunk into said layer. Of so, the resin forms a connection joint between the elements which helps to improve fixation, tightness and aesthetics.

According to another characteristic, the building can include several basic modules 10 arranged in a horizontal plane, juxtaposed, with possibly one or more posts 14 in common.

As a variant, the building can comprise two basic modules 10 superimposed, the posts of the upper module being arranged in the extension of those of the lower module.

Of course, the invention is obviously not limited to the mode of realization represented and described above, but on the contrary covers all the variants, in particular with regard to the shapes and dimensions of the different panels as well as the means of fixing the different elements.

Claims (9)

Building comprising from bottom to top, a slab (12), walls and a roof characterized in that it comprises at least one basic module (10) consisting of four metal posts (14) arranged at the vertices of a right quadrilateral , metal beams (16) connecting the upper ends of the posts (14) two by two along the sides of the right quadrilateral, a metal frame (38) forming the slab (12), front panels (28) with a metal frame and possibly metal-framed side panels if the base module has extension modules (24), connected to the posts (16) and in that the roof is made from metal-framed roof panels (84) each them being connected on the one hand to the front panels (28) and possibly lateral (26) and on the other hand to at least one adjacent roof panel so as to obtain a self-supporting roof structure. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic module (10) comprises at least one extension module (24) comprising two side panels (26) each having a vertical side connected to the corresponding post (14) and coming in the extension of parallel side faces of the base module (10) and a front panel (28) connecting the free vertical sides of the side panels (26). Building according to claim 2, characterized in that the front and side panels (26, 28) have, in the upper part, a horizontal bracing (30) and at least one vertical bracing (32). Building according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal framework (38) forming the slab, comprises beams (42) in line with the sides of the base module (10) which possibly extend below the extension modules (24), substantially over a length corresponding to half of the lateral sides of said modules, the anchors (18) at the level of the beams (42) for fixing the posts (14) as well as tie rods or bracings (44) . Building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each side panel (26) has a trapezoidal shape so as to adapt to the slope of the roof and comprises a metal frame (48) delimiting said panel, with in the upper part, a horizontal bracing (50) delimited by the upper element (52) of the frame and a crosspiece (54) and at least one vertical bracing (56) delimited by one of the vertical elements (58) of the frame and an upright ( 60). Building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each front panel (28) comprises a metal frame (62) delimiting said panel, with in the upper part a horizontal bracing (64) delimited by the upper element ( 66) of the frame and a cross member (68), at least one vertical brace (70) disposed in the middle position and comprising three uprights (72) connected by tie rods (74) as well as uprights (76) connecting the cross member (68) to the lower element (78) of the frame and of the crosspieces (80) connecting the different uprights (72, 76) and the vertical elements (82) of the frame. Building according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each roof panel (84) consists of a metal frame comprising a frame (96) delimiting said panel, reinforced by uprights, crosspieces and / or braces (98) and provided with fixing means (100) to the posts (14) or to the front (28) or possibly lateral (26) panels and to fixing means (102) to the adjacent roof panels. Method for producing a building according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists in: pour studs (40) as a foundation, placing on said studs a metal frame (38) forming the slab (12), have posts (14), preferably in line with the studs, and beams (16) so as to form a basic module (10), attach front panels (28), if no extension module (24) is provided, to said base module, or front panels (28) and side panels (26) if one or more extension modules (24 ) are provided, by joining them together, to the posts (14), to the beams (16) and / or to the metal frame (38), reinforce the assembly thus formed using tie rods (34) or braces (44), possibly, depending on the shape of the roof, place gables (86) with a metal frame, attach the roof panels (84) by joining them together and with the side and / or front panels and / or any gables. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that a floor (46) is attached to the metal framework (38) at ground level, an external covering in the form of facing or the like and an internal covering in the form of a double partition or analogous are reported against the side panels (26) and front (28) and covering elements are reported on the roof panels (84).

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