EP1179969A2 - Mindestens teilweise implantierbares Hörsystem - Google Patents
Mindestens teilweise implantierbares Hörsystem Download PDFInfo
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- EP1179969A2 EP1179969A2 EP01118052A EP01118052A EP1179969A2 EP 1179969 A2 EP1179969 A2 EP 1179969A2 EP 01118052 A EP01118052 A EP 01118052A EP 01118052 A EP01118052 A EP 01118052A EP 1179969 A2 EP1179969 A2 EP 1179969A2
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- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- coupling
- arrangement
- hearing
- sound
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/75—Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
- H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
- H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
- H04R25/606—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers acting directly on the eardrum, the ossicles or the skull, e.g. mastoid, tooth, maxillary or mandibular bone, or mechanically stimulating the cochlea, e.g. at the oval window
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2225/67—Implantable hearing aids or parts thereof not covered by H04R25/606
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an at least partially implantable hearing system at least one sound-absorbing sensor for recording sound signals and their Conversion into corresponding electrical signals, an electronic signal processing unit for audio signal processing and amplification, an electrical power supply unit, the individual components of the system are powered, and at least an active electromechanical element, from a driving electronic assembly the output-side electromechanical control of the signal processing unit Transducer for stimulation of any middle ear target ossicle via a passive coupling element.
- At least partially implantable hearing systems are understood to mean systems be where the sound signal with at least one sensor that converts a sound signal into an electrical Signal converted (microphone function), recorded and electronically processed and is amplified and their output signal the damaged hearing on electromechanical Way stimulated.
- hearing impairment is intended to cover all types of inner ear damage as well temporary or permanent ear noises (tinnitus) can be understood.
- Implantable hearing systems differ from conventional hearing aids: they will Sound signal with an adequate microphone converted into an electrical signal and in one electronic signal processing stage enhanced; however, this amplified electrical signal will not an electroacoustic transducer (loudspeaker), but an implanted one electromechanical transducer, whose mechanical vibrations on the output side, So with direct mechanical contact, fed to the middle or inner ear or indirectly through a frictional connection across an air gap at, for example electromagnetic transducer systems.
- Electromagnetic as well as piezoelectric hearing aid transducers US-A-5 707 338 (Adams et al.), WO 98/06235 (Adams et al.), WO 98/06238 (Adams et al.), WO 98/06236 (Kroll et al.), WO 98/06237 (Bushek et al.), US-A-5 554 096 (Ball), US-A-3 712 962 (Epley), US-A-3 870 832 (Fredrickson), US-A-5 277 694 (Leysieffer et al.), DE-C-198 40 211 (Leysieffer), DE-A-198 40 212 (Leysieffer), US-A-5 015 224 (Maniglia), US-A-3 882 285 (Nunley et al.), U.S. 4,850,962 (Scha
- the partially implantable, piezoelectric hearing system of the Japanese group around Suzuki and Yanigahara believes the absence of the middle ear and one for implantation of the transducer open tympanic cavity in advance to be able to couple the piezo element to the stapes (Yanigahara et al .: "Efficacy of the partially implantable middle ear implant in middle and inner ear disorders ", Adv. Audiol., Vol. 4, Karger Basel (1988), pp. 149-159. Suzuki et al .: "Implantation of partially implantable middle ear implant and the indication", Adv. Audiol., Vol. 4, Karger Basel (1988), pp. 160-166).
- Ball's electromagnetic transducer (“Floating Mass Transducer FMT”; US-A-5 624 376 (Ball et al.) US-A-5 554 096 (Ball), on the other hand, is directly attached to titanium clips with the middle ear intact fixed to the long extension of the anvil.
- the electromagnetic transducer of the semi-implantable Systems according to Fredrickson (Fredrickson et al .: "Ongoing investigations into an implantable electromagnetic hearing aid for moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss, "Otolaryngologic Clinics Of North America, Vol. 28/1 (1995), pp. 107-121) is also intact ossicular chain of the middle ear mechanically coupled directly to the anvil body.
- the converter is known as a "floating" Mass “converter can be designed, that is, the transducer element does not require a” reaction " a tight screw connection to the skull bone, but it swings due to inertia laws with its transducer housing and transfers it directly to a middle ear cross-member (US-A-5 624 376, US-A-5 554 096, US-A-5 707 338, WO 98/06236).
- Another major disadvantage is that the transducers are brought into the middle ear with their electrical supply from the mastoid and must be fixed there with the help of suitable operative tools; this requires one extended access through the chorda facialis angle and thus brings with it a latent hazard of the facial nerve (facial nerve) in the immediate vicinity.
- a certain disadvantage of the converter variants according to b) is the fact that the converter housing can be attached to the skull cap with implantable positioning and fixation systems must (advantageous embodiment US-A-5 788 711).
- Another disadvantage of the variants according to b) consists in making depressions in the target ossicles, preferably by means of suitable lasers need to be able to apply the coupling element. On the one hand, this is technical complex and expensive and on the other hand brings risks for the patient.
- Fredrickson Ongoing investigations into an implantable electromagnetic hearing aid for moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss, "Otolaryngologic Clinics Of North America, Vol. 28/1 (1995), pp.
- implant design may consist of using a digital one Signal processor software-based algorithms for avoidance or extensive Use of minimizing feedback effects (DE-A-198 02 568).
- Another advantage of such an adhesion coupling is that the ossicle is not mainly "positively guided" in the direction of vibration of the driving transducer becomes, which leads to a non-optimal vibration form of the stirrup footplate in the oval Window can lead (optimal form of vibration: piston-shaped vibration of the stirrup footplate perpendicular to their plane), but its (frequency-dependent) direction of vibration itself due to the dynamic properties of the intact middle ear.
- the invention has for its object an at least partially implantable hearing system to create a residual hearing of the hearing system wearer in a particularly reliable manner maintained when the electronic implant system is not in operation.
- This object is achieved in that with an at least partially implantable hearing system with at least one sound-absorbing sensor for recording sound signals and their conversion into corresponding electrical signals, an electronic signal processing unit for audio signal processing and amplification, an electrical power supply unit, the individual components of the system are powered, and at least an active electromechanical element, from a driving electronic assembly the output-side electromechanical control of the signal processing unit Converter for stimulating any middle ear target ossicle via a passive coupling element, according to the invention between the active electromechanical element of the transducer and the passive coupling element is provided with a switchable coupling arrangement which is inactive State of the electronic module driving the converter, the passive coupling element of largely decouples the output-side part of the electromechanical transducer so that the mechanical output impedance of the converter has little or no influence has the natural oscillation ability of the middle ear ossicle chain and thus the natural one Residual hearing ability for airborne sound is largely preserved.
- the electronic implant system is made of which Always inactive (i.e. not in operation) for reasons, is via the switchable clutch arrangement the active electromechanical element of the transducer from the passive coupling element and thus decoupled from the ossicle chain.
- This pasture is avoided on acoustic Signals returning vibrations of the ossicular chain from the otherwise, that is, in the normal Operation of the hearing system, with the ossicle chain mechanically coupled electromechanical Transducers are loaded or prevented or, in other words, irradiated through the eardrum acoustic energy is reflected to a considerable extent at the coupling point.
- the Sound energy incident through the outer ear and absorbed by the eardrum is thus passed on to the inner ear essentially undiminished.
- the residual hearing remains of the hearing system wearer largely preserved.
- the solution according to the invention is particularly important when the mechanical output impedance of the hearing system is higher than the mechanical load impedance of the coupled biological middle and / or inner ear structure.
- switchable used here in connection with the clutch arrangement is to be understood broadly. It is by no means a non-positive and / or positive connection in the "on” state and a complete disconnection of the active electromechanical Converter element of the passive coupling element in the "switched off” state of the Coupling arrangement limited, but should generally include all cases in which between the "switched on” and the “switched off” state of the "switchable” clutch arrangement a significant difference in terms of the mechanical output impedance of the output-side converter - related to the side of the clutch arrangement remote from the converter - is present.
- the switchable clutch arrangement is preferably designed such that between the on and off state of the clutch assembly there is a mechanical impedance difference of at least 10 dB.
- the switchable clutch arrangement is in view of the limited space Implantation location and to keep the vibrating masses small, preferably using microsystems technology manufactured. It expediently has an electromechanically active component, in particular a piezo element, in a further embodiment of the invention are the active electromechanical Element of the converter and the switchable clutch arrangement in one Housing housed. This simplifies the control of the clutch arrangement and avoids an additional clutch housing.
- the passive coupling element can be connected to the active electromechanical in a manner known per se Element of the converter is mechanically connected via a coupling rod.
- the switchable coupling arrangement can be inserted into the coupling rod or between the active electromechanical element of the transducer and the one facing the transducer Be arranged end of the coupling rod.
- the electronic signal processing unit also designed to control the switchable clutch arrangement.
- the signal processing unit advantageously has a digital signal processor for processing the Sound sensor signals and / or for generating digital signals for tinnitus masking as well as to control the switchable clutch arrangement.
- the signal processor can be designed statically in such a way that corresponding software modules based on scientific knowledge, once in a program memory of the signal processor are stored and remain unchanged. But then lie later Improved algorithms for example based on recent scientific knowledge Speech signal processing and processing and if these are to be used must be followed by an invasive, operative patient intervention the entire implant or the implant module, which contains the corresponding signal processing unit against a new one with the changed one Operating software to be replaced. This intervention harbors new medical risks for the patient and involves a lot of effort.
- the signal processor for recording and playback of an operating program repeatedly writable, implantable memory arrangement is assigned, and at least Parts of the operating program by an external unit via a telemetry device transmitted data can be changed or exchanged. That way After the implantable system is implanted, the operating software, including Software for controlling the switchable clutch arrangement explained above, as change or replace them completely, as is the case for other known systems for the rehabilitation of hearing disorders in DE-C-199 15 846 is explained.
- the design is preferably such that it also applies to fully implantable systems also in a manner known per se, operating parameters, that is to say patient-specific Data, such as audiological adaptation data, or changeable implant system parameters (For example as a variable in a software program to control the switchable coupling arrangement or for regulating a battery recharge) after the implantation transcutaneously, i.e. wirelessly through the closed skin, transferred into the implant and can be changed with it.
- patient-specific Data such as audiological adaptation data, or changeable implant system parameters (For example as a variable in a software program to control the switchable coupling arrangement or for regulating a battery recharge) after the implantation transcutaneously, i.e. wirelessly through the closed skin, transferred into the implant and can be changed with it.
- the software modules are preferably dynamic, or in other words capable of learning, designed to achieve the best possible rehabilitation of the particular hearing disorder.
- the software modules be designed adaptively, and a parameter adjustment can be made by "training" by the Implant carriers and other aids are made.
- the signal processing electronics can contain a software module that a optimal stimulation achieved based on an adaptive neural network.
- This neural network can be trained by the implant carrier and / or with the help of other external aids.
- the memory arrangement for storing operating parameters and the memory arrangement for recording and playback of the operating program can be independent of each other Memory implemented; however, it can also be a single memory in which can be used to store both operating parameters and operating programs.
- the present solution allows the system to be adapted to circumstances that only after Implantation of the implantable system can be detected.
- the sensory (sound sensor or microphone) and actuator (output stimulator) biological interfaces always depend on the anatomical, biological and neurophysiological conditions, for example of the inter-individual healing process.
- These interface parameters can also be time-variant individually.
- the transmission behavior of an implanted microphone can be due to of tissue layers and the transmission behavior of one coupled to the inner ear electromechanical transducer due to different coupling quality interindividually and vary individually.
- the means a rechargeable battery system
- these electrical energy storage devices are progressing Technology always longer lifetimes and thus increasing residence times in the Enable patients. It can be assumed that basic and application research advances rapidly for signal processing algorithms. The need or the patient's wish to adapt or change the operating software is therefore expected to expire before the life of the implant-internal energy source enter.
- the system described here permits such an adaptation of the Operating programs of the implant also in the already implanted state.
- an intermediate storage arrangement in which of the data transmitted to the external unit via the telemetry device before being forwarded to the signal processor can be cached.
- the Complete the transfer process from the external device to the implanted system, before the data transmitted via the telemetry device is forwarded to the signal processor become.
- a check logic can be provided in the buffer arrangement stored data before being passed to the signal processor of a review subjects.
- a microprocessor module in particular a microcontroller, can be used for Internal control of the signal processor and the switchable coupling arrangement Be provided via a data bus, the checking logic and the Buffer arrangement are implemented in the microprocessor module and wherein Program parts or entire software modules can also be accessed via the data bus and the telemetry device between the outside world, the microprocessor module and the signal processor can be transmitted.
- the microprocessor module is preferably an implantable memory arrangement for Save a work program for the microprocessor module assigned, and at least Parts of the work program for the microprocessor module can be carried out by the External unit changed or exchanged data transmitted via the telemetry device become.
- At least two storage areas can be accommodated and playback of at least the operating program of the signal processor is provided his. This contributes to the reliability of the system by the multiple existence the memory area which contains the operating program or programs, for example after an external transfer or when the implant is switched on the software can be checked for errors.
- the buffer arrangement can also have at least two memory areas for recording and playback from the external unit via the telemetry device have transmitted data, so that after data transmission from the external unit a check of the correctness of the transmitted data even in the area of the buffer Data can be made.
- the memory areas can, for example complementary storage of the data transmitted by the external unit.
- At least one of the storage areas of the intermediate storage arrangement can also be used for Recording only part of the data transmitted by the external unit, in this case, checking the accuracy of the transmitted data section by section he follows.
- the signal processor can also be a preprogrammed, non-rewritable Fixed memory area can be assigned in which the for a "minimal operation" instructions and parameters required by the system are stored, for example Instructions that, after a "system crash", at least correct operation of the telemetry device for receiving an operating program and instructions for saving ensure the same in the control logic.
- the telemetry device is advantageously except for reception of operating programs from the external unit also for the transmission of operating parameters designed between the implantable part of the system and the external unit, so on the one hand such parameters from a doctor, a hearing care professional or the Carrier of the system itself can be adjusted (for example volume), on the other hand the system can also transmit parameters to the external unit, for example to check the status of the system.
- a fully implantable hearing system of the type explained here can be on the implant side in addition to the actuator stimulation arrangement and the signal processing unit at least have an implantable sound sensor and a rechargeable electrical storage element, in which case a wireless transcutaneous charging device for charging of the storage element can be provided.
- a primary cell or another energy supply unit can also be present, that does not require transcutaneous reloading. This is especially true if you take into account that in the near future, mainly through further development of processor technology with essential Reduction in the energy requirement for electronic signal processing is, so that new forms of energy supply are practically applicable for implantable hearing systems for example an energy supply like the Seebeck effect is described in DE-C 198 27 898.
- a wireless remote control is also preferably used Control of the implant functions by the implant carrier available.
- At least one sound sensor is the electronic signal processing unit, the power supply unit and a modulator / transmitter unit in an external on the body, preferably on the head above the implant, external module to be carried.
- the implant has the electromechanical on the output side Converter and the switchable clutch arrangement, but is energetically passive and receives its operating energy and control data for the output converter and the switchable coupling arrangement via the modulator / transmitter unit in the external Module.
- a hearing disorder in both ears has two system units, each one of the are assigned to both ears.
- the two system units can essentially each other be equal. But it can also be the one system unit as the master unit and the system unit other than slave unit controlled by the master unit.
- the Signal processing modules of the two system units can in any way, in particular via a wired implantable line connection or via a wireless Connection, preferably a bidirectional radio frequency link, a structure-borne noise Ultrasonic path or the electrical conductivity of the tissue of the implant carrier exploiting data transmission path, communicate with one another in such a way that Optimized binaural signal processing and converter array control in both system units is achieved.
- Electromechanical transducer has a biocompatible, cylindrical housing 11 made of electrical conductive material, such as titanium, which is filled with inert gas.
- a biocompatible, cylindrical housing 11 made of electrical conductive material, such as titanium, which is filled with inert gas.
- an oscillatory, electrically conductive membrane 12 is arranged in the housing 11 .
- the membrane 12 is preferred circular, and it is fixedly connected to the housing 11 at its outer edge.
- a thin disk 13 made of piezoelectric Material, for example lead zirconate titanate (PZT).
- PZT lead zirconate titanate
- the piezo disk 13 is contacted with a thin, flexible wire, which is part of a Signal line 14 and which in turn has a hermetic bushing 15 with a transducer feed line 16 lying outside the housing 11 is connected.
- a ground connection 18 is from the converter feed line 16 via the Housing bushing 15 guided to the inside of the housing 11.
- a coupling rod 20 and a passive coupling element 21 are provided, which is attached to the end of the coupling rod 20 remote from the transducer 10 or is formed by this coupling rod end itself.
- the direct coupling of the output side the converter 10 to the target ossicle takes place via a switchable clutch arrangement 22, which with the in FIG. 1 upper side of the membrane 12, preferably in the center the membrane, is in mechanical connection.
- the clutch assembly 22 can with her membrane-side end directly on the membrane 12 and with its other end on the attack the membrane-side end of the coupling rod 20; but it can also in the coupling rod 20th be inserted.
- the coupling rod 20 extends at least approximately in the illustrated embodiment perpendicular to the membrane 12 by means of an elastically flexible polymer seal 23 through from the outside into the interior of the housing 11.
- the polymer seal 23 is designed so that it allows axial vibrations of the coupling rod 20 in the implanted state.
- the clutch assembly 22 is housed within the housing 11.
- a control line 24 leads from the converter feed line 16 via the housing bushing 15 and an internal bushing 25 to the clutch arrangement 22.
- the latter is also connected via a ground connection 26 with the housing 11 and via this housing with the ground terminal 18 in an electrically conductive Connection.
- the hearing system may be one The hearing of the implant wearer is impaired or completely suppressed.
- the converter should be understood to mean a state in which the mechanical output impedance the converter has no or only a minor influence on the natural Ossicular chain oscillation of the middle ear.
- the clutch assembly switched off 22 the natural residual hearing ability for airborne sound is therefore largely preserved.
- the clutch assembly 22 designed so that between on and off Condition there is a mechanical impedance difference of at least 10 dB.
- FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of one inserted into the coupling rod 20 Coupling arrangement 22.
- the coupling rod 20 has two axially aligned, in Coupling rod parts 28 and 29 located at a small axial distance from one another. Facing each other End sections 30 and 31 of the coupling rod parts 28, 29 are tubular with the same inside and outside diameter.
- the two tubular ones End sections 30, 31 accommodate an active piezo element 33, which in the present exemplary embodiment has an annular cross section.
- the lengths of the end sections 30, 31 and the piezo element 33 are dimensioned such that the free ends of the piezo element 33 are axial at a distance from the transition of the end sections 30, 31 to the respectively adjoining one solid section of the coupling rod parts 28, 29 are held.
- the outside diameter of the piezo element 33 is only slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the tubular end portions 30, 31 of the coupling rod.
- the remaining space is filled with a compressible polymer 34 which is in the uncompressed state is soft and therefore has a low mechanical impedance. If the piezo element 33 electrically activated, that is, the clutch assembly 22 switched on, the stretches Piezo element 33 and generates a high radial force on the polymer 34, which is therefore strong is compressed.
- the material of polymer 34 is chosen to be compressed Condition has a significantly higher rigidity and thus higher mechanical impedance than in the non-compressed state when the piezo element 33 is not electrically activated (switched off Coupling arrangement 22).
- the design of the switchable clutch arrangement can be modified in many different ways, the coupling preferably is produced using microsystems technology.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a device with an arrangement according to the figures 1 and 2 equipped, at least partially implantable hearing system for rehabilitation a middle ear and / or inner ear disorder or tinnitus with direct mechanical Stimulation of a middle ear
- the external sound signal is recorded via one or more sound sensors (microphones) 38a to 38n and converted into analog electrical signals.
- these sensor functions are omitted.
- the electrical sensor signals are passed to a unit 39, which is part of an implantable electronic module 40 and in which the sensor signal or sensors are selected, preprocessed and converted into digital signals (A / D conversion).
- the preprocessing can consist, for example, of an analog linear or non-linear pre-amplification and filtering (for example antialiasing filtering).
- the digitized sensor signal or signals are fed to a digital signal processor (DSP) 41, which carries out the intended function of the hearing implant, such as audio signal processing in a system for inner ear deafness and / or signal generation in the case of a tinnitus masker or noiser.
- the signal processor 41 contains a non-rewritable permanent memory area S 0 , in which the instructions and parameters required for "minimal operation" of the system are stored, and a memory area S 1 , in which the operating software for the intended function or functions of the implant system are stored. This memory area is preferably provided in duplicate (S 1 and S 2 ).
- the program memory which can be written repeatedly, for accommodating the operating software can be based on EEPROM or RAM cells, in which case it should be ensured that this RAM area is always “buffered" by the implant-internal energy supply system.
- the digital output signals of the signal processor 41 are in a digital-to-analog converter (D / A) 43 converted to analog signals.
- D / A converter can vary depending on the implant function also be designed multiple times or are completely eliminated if at Example in the case of a hearing system with an electromagnetic output converter for example pulse width modulated, serial digital output signal of the signal processor 41 is transmitted directly to the output converter.
- the analog output signal of the digital-to-analog converter 43 is then guided to a driver unit 44 which, depending on the implant function the output-side electromechanical converter 10 for stimulating the central or Drives inner ear.
- Another output signal of the signal processor 41 controls via a further digital-to-analog converter 45 and an associated driver unit 46 the switchable clutch arrangement 22 accommodated in the housing 11 of the converter 10.
- the signal processing components 39, 41, and 43 to 46 are controlled by a microcontroller 48 (.mu.C) with one or two associated memories S 4 or S 5 via a bidirectional data bus 49.
- the operating software components of the implant management system for example administrative monitoring and telemetry functions, can be stored in the memory areas S 4 and S 5 .
- the memory S 1 and / or S 2 can also be used to store externally changeable, patient-specific, for example audiological, adaptation parameters.
- the microcontroller 48 has a memory S 3 that can be written to repeatedly, in which a work program for the microcontroller 48 is stored.
- the microcontroller 48 communicates with a telemetry system (TS) 51 via a data bus 50.
- This telemetry system 51 in turn communicates through the closed skin indicated at 52, for example via an inductive coil coupling (not shown), wirelessly bidirectionally with an external programming system (PS) 53.
- PS external programming system
- the programming system 53 can advantageously be a PC-based system with appropriate programming, processing, presentation and management software.
- the operating software of the implant system that is to be changed or completely exchanged is transmitted via this telemetry interface and initially stored temporarily in the memory area S 4 and / or S 5 of the microcontroller 48.
- the memory area S 5 can be used for a complementary storage of the data transmitted by the external system, and a simple verification of the software transmission by a read operation via the telemetry interface can be carried out to determine the coincidence of the contents of the memory areas S 4 and S 5 to check before the content of the rewritable memory S 3 is changed or exchanged.
- the operating software of the at least partially implantable hearing system should include both the operating software of the microcontroller 48 (for example housekeeping functions, such as energy management or telemetry functions) and the operating software of the digital signal processor 41.
- the operating software of the microcontroller 48 for example housekeeping functions, such as energy management or telemetry functions
- the operating software of the digital signal processor 41 For example, a simple verification of the software transmission can be carried out by means of a reading process via the telemetry interface before the operating software or the corresponding signal processing components of this software are transmitted to the program memory area S 1 of the digital signal processor 41 via the data bus 49.
- the work program for the microcontroller 48 which is stored, for example, in the repeatedly writable memory S 3 , can be changed or exchanged in whole or in part using the external unit 53 via the telemetry interface 51.
- All electronic components of the implant system are made by a primary or secondary battery 54 supplied with electrical operating energy.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure of a fully implantable hearing system, which is used as an actuator Stimulation arrangement an output-side electromechanical converter 10, for example the converter according to FIG. 1.
- the output-side electromechanical converter can be generally as any electromagnetic, electrodynamic, piezoelectric, magnetostrictive or dielectric (capacitive) converter.
- the in FIG. 1 also shown in the manner explained in DE-C-198 40 211 be modified that at the in FIG. 1 lower side of the piezoelectric ceramic disc 13 a permanent magnet is attached, in the manner of an electromagnetic Converter interacts with an electromagnetic coil.
- Such a combined piezoelectric / electromagnetic Transducer is special in terms of a wide frequency band and the achievement of relatively large vibration amplitudes with relative small energy input is an advantage.
- the transducer can also be an electromagnetic transducer arrangement, such as that in EP-A-0 984 663. In any case, the one explained here is additionally switchable clutch assembly 22 is provided.
- a coupling element in addition to a coupling part for the coupling location in question has a crimp sleeve which first loosely on a rod-shaped part of a coupling rod with a rough surface is postponed, which is connected to the converter in the manner previously explained.
- the crimp sleeve can simply be moved relative to the coupling rod and be rotated around the coupling part of the coupling element with the intended coupling location align exactly. Then the crimp sleeve is fixed by using a crimping tool is plastically cold worked.
- the coupling element can be referenced to the coupling rod can also be fixed using a retractable belt loop.
- a coupling element can be attached its coupling end have a contact surface that matches the surface shape of the Coupling point adaptable or adapted surface shape and such a surface quality and surface area has that by applying the coupling end the coupling point for a dynamic tension-compression coupling of coupling element and Ossicular chain comes through surface adhesion, which ensures a secure mutual connection of coupling element and ossicle chain is sufficient.
- the coupling element can be implanted with one State at the coupling point of the attenuator with entropy-elastic Properties are provided in order to optimize the shape of the stirrup footplate or one the round window or an artificial window in the cochlea, in the vestibule or in the labyrinth closing membrane and the risk of damage the natural structures in the area of the coupling point during and after the To keep implantation particularly low (DE-A-199 35 029).
- the coupling element can according to DE-C-199 31 788 with an actuator for optional adjustment of the coupling element between an open position in which the Coupling element can be brought into and out of engagement with the coupling point, and a closed position be provided in which the coupling element in the implanted state with the coupling point is in force and / or positive connection.
- a coupling arrangement is also suitable for the coupling point on the ossicle chain (DE-A-199 48 336), which can be set into mechanical vibrations by the transducer Coupling rod and one that can be connected to the preselected coupling point Has coupling element, wherein the coupling rod and the coupling element over at least a coupling are connected to each other and at least one in the implanted state section of the coupling element adjacent to the coupling point for low-loss vibration initiation is designed in the coupling point, a first coupling half of the Coupling an outer contour with at least approximately the shape of a spherical cap has in an inner contour which is at least partially complementary to the outer contour a second coupling half is receivable, and wherein the coupling against frictional forces reversibly pivotable and / or rotatable, but with those occurring in the implanted state dynamic forces is essentially rigid.
- Such a coupling arrangement has a first coupling half the coupling an outer contour with at least approximately cylindrical, preferably circular cylindrical, shape that is at least partially in an outer contour complementary inner contour of a second coupling half is receivable, one in implanted state at the coupling point portion of the coupling element for Low-loss vibration initiation is designed in the coupling point, being implanted in the Condition a transfer of dynamic forces between the two coupling halves the coupling essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the first coupling half takes place, and wherein the coupling can be reversibly coupled and uncoupled and reversibly linear and / or rotationally adjustable with respect to a longitudinal axis of the first coupling half, however, is rigid with dynamic forces occurring in the implanted state.
- fully implantable hearing system shown also include an implantable Microphone (sound sensor) 38, a wireless remote control 56 for controlling the Implant functions through the implant carrier as well as a wireless, transcutaneous charging system with a charger 57 and a charging coil 58 for recharging the ones in the implant secondary battery 54 (FIG. 3) to power the hearing system.
- an implantable Microphone (sound sensor) 38 for controlling the Implant functions through the implant carrier as well as a wireless, transcutaneous charging system with a charger 57 and a charging coil 58 for recharging the ones in the implant secondary battery 54 (FIG. 3) to power the hearing system.
- the microphone 38 can advantageously be constructed in the manner known from EP-A-0 831 673 and with a microphone capsule, which is hermetically sealed on all sides in a housing is, and with an electrical bushing arrangement for carrying out at least one electrical connection from the interior of the housing to the outside be, the housing having at least two legs that are at an angle with respect are aligned with each other, one leg receiving the microphone capsule and with a sound inlet membrane is provided, the other leg of the electrical bushing arrangement contains and set back to the level of the sound entry membrane is, and wherein the geometry of the microphone housing is selected so that during implantation of the microphone in the mastoid cavity the thigh containing the sound entry membrane from the mastoid into an artificial hole in the back, bony wall of the auditory canal protrudes and the sound entry membrane touches the skin of the ear canal wall.
- fixation element US-A-5 999 632 known type which has a cuff with a cylindrical housing part encloses the leg containing the sound inlet membrane and can be placed against the side of the ear canal wall facing the ear canal skin, projecting, elastic flange parts is provided.
- the fixation element includes preferably a bracket which the flange parts mentioned before Implantation against an elastic restoring force of the flange parts in a push through through the hole in the ear canal wall allowing the bent position.
- the charging coil 58 connected to the output of the charger 57 preferably forms in of the type known from US-A-5 279 292 part of a transmission series resonant circuit which with a receiving series resonance circuit, not shown, are inductively coupled can.
- the receiving series resonance circuit can be part of an implantable electronic module 34 (FIG. 2) and, according to US-A-5 279 292, a constant current source for the battery 25 (FIG. 2) form.
- the receiving series resonance circuit is located in a battery charging circuit, depending on the respective phase of the in the charging circuit flowing charging currents over one or the other branch of a full-wave rectifier bridge is closed.
- the electronic module 40 is in the arrangement according to FIG. 4 via a microphone line 59 the microphone 38 and via the transducer feed line 16 to the electromechanical transducer 10 and the switchable clutch arrangement, which is preferably likewise accommodated in the converter housing 22 connected.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the structure of a partially implantable hearing system.
- this partially implantable System are a microphone 38, an electronics module 62 for an electronic Signal processing largely according to FIG. 3 (but without the telemetry system 51), the energy supply (battery) 54 and a modulator / transmitter unit 63 in an external external module 64 to be worn on the body, preferably on the head above the implant contain.
- the implant is energetically passive.
- His electronics module 65 (without battery 54) receives operating energy and control signals for the Converter 10 and the coupling arrangement 22 via the modulator / transmitter unit 63 in external part 64.
- Both the fully implantable and the partially implantable hearing system can be monoaural (as shown in Figures 4 and 5) or binaural.
- a binaural system for the rehabilitation of a hearing disorder of both ears has two system units, each are assigned to one of the two ears.
- the two system units can each other be essentially the same. But it can also be a system unit as a master unit and the other system unit can be designed as a slave unit controlled by the master unit.
- the signal processing modules of the two system units can in any way, in particular via a wired implantable line connection or via a wireless connection, preferably a bidirectional high-frequency link, a structure-borne noise Ultrasonic path or the electrical conductivity of the tissue of the Data transmission path utilizing the implant carrier, so communicate with one another, that optimized binaural signal processing is achieved in both system units.
Abstract
Description
- bei der Implantation des "Floating Mass Transducers (FMT)" und der Verwendung eines Teilimplantates konnte statistisch signifikant nachgewiesen werden, dass das Resthörvermögen durch die Implantation des FMT bei ausgeschalteter Treiberelektronik des Implantates nicht oder nur unwesentlich verschlechtert wird, da dieser Wandler eine sehr geringe Masse aufweist, die im Bereich der Masse der Ossikel selbst liegt, und dass eine Versteifung der Ossikelkette aufgrund des "floatenden" Prinzips des Wandlers nicht oder nur unwesentlich auftritt (zum Beispiel aufgrund der Steifigkeit der Wandlerzuleitung).
- bei der Implantation von mechanisch direktgekoppelten Wandlern gemäß den oben genannten Varianten nach b) zeigt sich, dass insbesondere bei Wandlern auf der Basis des piezoelektrischen Prinzips und mit hoher mechanischer Ausgangsimpedanz (US-A-5 277 694) das Resthörvermögen bei ausgeschalteter Treiberelektronik des Implantatsystems deutlich herabgesetzt sein kann, da in diesem Fall die hohe mechanische Ausgangsimpedanz des Wandlers an der Ankoppelstelle an der Ossikelkette dominiert und somit die über das Trommelfell eingestrahlte akustische Energie an der Koppelstelle weitgehend reflektiert wird.
- Sprachanalyseverfahren (zum Beispiel Optimierung einer Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT)),
- statische oder adaptive Störschallerkennungsverfahren,
- statische oder adaptive Störschallunterdrückungsverfahren,
- Verfahren zur Optimierung des systeminternen Signal-Rauschabstandes,
- optimierte Signalverarbeitungsstrategien bei progredienter Hörstörung,
- ausgangspegelbegrenzende Verfahren zum Schutz des Patienten bei Implantatfehlfunktionen beziehungsweise externen Fehlprogrammierungen,
- Verfahren zur Vorverarbeitung mehrerer Sensor-(Mikrofon-)signale, insbesondere bei binauraler Positionierung der Sensoren,
- Verfahren zur binauralen Verarbeitung zweier oder mehrerer Sensorsignale bei binauraler Sensorpositionierung, zum Beispiel Optimierung des räumlichen Hörens beziehungsweise Raumorientierung,
- Phasen- beziehungsweise Gruppenlaufzeit-Optimierung bei binauraler Signalverarbeitung,
- Verfahren zur optimierten Ansteuerung der Ausgangsstimulatoren, insbesondere bei binauraler Positionierung der Stimulatoren.
- Verfahren zur Rückkopplungsunterdrückung beziehungsweise -minderung,
- Verfahren zur Optimierung des Betriebsverhaltens des beziehungsweise der Ausgangswandler (zum Beispiel Frequenz- und Phasengangoptimierung, Verbesserung des Impulsübertragungsverhaltens),
- Sprachsignal-Kompressionsverfahren bei Innenohrschwerhörigkeiten,
- Signalverarbeitungsmethoden zur Recruitment-Kompensation bei Innenohrschwerhörigkeiten.
- FIG. 1
- beispielhaft ein piezoelektrisches ausgangsseitiges Wandlersystem zur Stimulation eines Mittelohr-Zielossikels mit elektrisch betätigter Kupplungsanordnung,
- FIG. 2
- beispielhaft eine mögliche Ausführungsform der schaltbaren Kupplungsanordnung unter Verwendung eines aktiven Piezoelementes,
- FIG. 3
- ein Blockschaltbild eines teil- oder vollimplantierbaren Hörsystems,
- FIG. 4
- ein vollimplantierbares Hörsystem mit einem elektromechanischen Wandler zur Mittelohranregung sowie mit Fernbedienung und Ladegerät, sowie
- FIG. 5
- ein teilimplantierbares System mit einem elektromechanischen Wandler zur Mittelohranregung.
- Beide Elektronikmodule können jeweils einen digitalen Signalprozessor gemäß vorstehender Beschreibung enthalten, wobei die Betriebssoftware beider Prozessoren wie beschrieben transkutan veränderbar ist. Dann sorgt die Verbindung beider Module im wesentlichen für den Datenaustausch zur optimierten binauralen Signalverarbeitung zum Beispiel der Sensorsignale.
- Nur ein Modul enthält den beschriebenen digitalen Signalprozessor, wobei dann die Modulverbindung neben der Sensordatenübertragung zur binauralen Schallanalyse und -verrechnung auch für die Ausgangsignalübermittlung zu dem kontralateralen Wandler sorgt, wobei in dem kontralateralen Modul der elektronische Wandlertreiber untergebracht sein kann. In diesem Fall ist die Betriebssoftware des gesamten binauralen Systems nur in einem Modul abgelegt und wird auch nur dort transkutan über eine nur einseitig vorhandene Telemetrieeinheit von extern verändert. In diesem Fall kann auch die energetische Versorgung des gesamten binauralen Systems in nur einem Elektronikmodul untergebracht sein, wobei die energetische Versorgung des kontralateralen Moduls drahtgebunden oder drahtlos geschieht.
Claims (10)
- Mindestens teilweise implantierbares Hörsystem mit mindestens einem schallaufnehmenden Sensor (38) zur Aufnahme von Schallsignalen und deren Umwandlung in entsprechende elektrische Signale, einer elektronischen Signalverarbeitungseinheit (40, 62, 65) zur Audiosignalverarbeitung und -verstärkung, einer elektrischen Energieversorgungseinheit (54), die einzelne Komponenten des Systems mit Strom versorgt, sowie mindestens einem ein aktives elektromechanisches Element (12, 13) aufweisenden, von einer treibenden Elektronikbaugruppe (44) der Signalverarbeitungseinheit angesteuerten ausgangsseitigen elektromechanischen Wandler (10) zur Stimulation eines beliebigen Mittelohr-Zielossikels über ein passives Koppelelement (21), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem aktiven elektromechanischen Element (12, 13) des Wandlers (10) und dem passiven Koppelelement (21) eine schaltbare Kupplungsanordnung (22) angeordnet ist, die im inaktiven Zustand der den Wandler treibenden Elektronikbaugruppe (44) das passive Koppelelement von dem ausgangsseitigen Teil (12) des Wandlers (10) so weitgehend abkuppelt, dass die mechanische Ausgangsimpedanz des Wandlers im wesentlichen keinen Einfluss auf die natürliche Schwingfähigkeit der Ossikelkette des Mittelohres hat und somit die natürliche Resthörfähigkeit für Luftschall weitgehend erhalten bleibt.
- System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hörsystem eine mechanische Ausgangsimpedanz hat, die höher ist als die mechanische Lastimpedanz der im implantierten Zustand angekoppelten biologischen Mittel- und/oder Innenohrstruktur.
- System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schaltbare Kupplungsanordnung (22) so ausgeführt ist, dass zwischen dem eingeschalteten und dem ausgeschalteten Zustand der Kupplungsanordnung ein mechanischer Impedanzunterschied von mindestens 10 dB besteht.
- System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schaltbare Kupplungsanordnung (22) ein elektromechanisch aktives Bauelement (33), insbesondere ein Piezoelement, aufweist.
- System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das aktive elektromechanische Element (12, 13) des Wandlers (10) und die schaltbare Kupplungsanordnung (22) gemeinsam in einem Wandlergehäuse (11) untergebracht sind.
- System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welchem das passive Koppelelement (21) mit dem aktiven elektromechanischen Element (12, 13) des Wandlers (10) über eine Koppelstange (20) in mechanischer Verbindung steht und die schaltbare Kupplungsanordnung (22) in die Koppelstange (20) eingefügt ist oder zwischen dem aktiven elektromechanischen Element (12, 13) des Wandlers (10) und dem dem Wandler zugewendeten Ende der Koppelstange (20) sitzt.
- System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalverarbeitungseinheit (40, 62, 65) einen digitalen Signalprozessor (41) zum Verarbeiten der Schallsensorsignale und/oder zum Generieren von digitalen Signalen für eine Tinnitusmaskierung sowie zum Ansteuern der schaltbaren Kupplungsanordnung (22) aufweist.
- System nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Signalprozessor (41) zur Aufnahme und Wiedergabe eines Betriebsprogramms eine wiederholt beschreibbare, implantierbare Speicheranordnung (S1, S2,) zugeordnet ist, und mindestens Teile des Betriebsprogramms durch von einer externen Einheit (53) über eine Telemetrieeinrichtung (51) übermittelte Daten geändert oder ausgetauscht werden können.
- System nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, gekennzeichnet durch einen Mikroprozessorbaustein (44), insbesondere einen Mikrocontroller, zum implantatinternen Steuern des Signalprozessors (42) und der schaltbaren Kupplungsanordnung (22) über einen Datenbus (49).
- System nach Ansprüchen 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über den Datenbus (49) und die Telemetrieeinrichtung (51) auch Programmteile oder ganze Softwaremodule zwischen der Außenwelt, dem Mikroprozessorbaustein (48) und dem Signalprozessor (41) übermittelbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10039401 | 2000-08-11 | ||
DE10039401A DE10039401C2 (de) | 2000-08-11 | 2000-08-11 | Mindestens teilweise implantierbares Hörsystem |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1179969A2 true EP1179969A2 (de) | 2002-02-13 |
EP1179969A3 EP1179969A3 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
EP1179969B1 EP1179969B1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
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EP01118052A Expired - Lifetime EP1179969B1 (de) | 2000-08-11 | 2001-07-25 | Mindestens teilweise implantierbares Hörsystem |
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US (1) | US6592512B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1179969B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE513423T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU778293B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10039401C2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1179969T3 (de) |
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US11071869B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2021-07-27 | Cochlear Limited | Implantable device having removable portion |
US9937346B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2018-04-10 | Cochlear Limited | Downshifting of output in a sense prosthesis |
US10760566B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2020-09-01 | Nocira, Llc | Magnetically driven pressure generator |
WO2018157143A1 (en) | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Nocira, Llc | Ear pumps |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1179969A3 (de) | 2010-04-07 |
EP1179969B1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
AU778293B2 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
AU5797101A (en) | 2002-02-14 |
DK1179969T3 (da) | 2011-09-19 |
US6592512B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 |
ATE513423T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
US20020019668A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
DE10039401C2 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
DE10039401A1 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
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