EP1069646A2 - Patch antenna - Google Patents
Patch antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1069646A2 EP1069646A2 EP00305729A EP00305729A EP1069646A2 EP 1069646 A2 EP1069646 A2 EP 1069646A2 EP 00305729 A EP00305729 A EP 00305729A EP 00305729 A EP00305729 A EP 00305729A EP 1069646 A2 EP1069646 A2 EP 1069646A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- patch
- antenna
- ground plane
- frequency
- pairs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
- H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a patch antenna.
- The mobile telephone market has experienced a phenomenal growth in subscribers over the last year, leading to traffic capacity problems in certain areas. As it is becoming increasingly difficult to install extra base stations because of planning restrictions, increasing the band width and channels available is the most preferable solution to the problem. Most of the operators possess licences to operate in both mobile telephone bands (GSM:872-960 MHz and PCN:170-1880 MHz) and indeed dual band handsets are becoming available. This means there is an increasing requirement for base station antenna to be capable of operating over both bands.
- Obviously two separate antennae could be used, however the Applicants have appreciated that it would be extremely advantageous to place an antenna for each band inside the same package, because this would reduce tower or building space rental costs, reduce wind load, provide a better visual appearance and simplify installation. For similar reasons it is also advantageous to minimize the length of the antenna. The Applicants have realised that this could be achieved if the antenna share the same aperture and indeed be constituted by two arrays that have intersecting or collocated elements. Further the Applicants have appreciated that if the antenna elements could have separate feeds and distribution circuits for both bands, then it would permit complete independence between the services and flexibility in antenna performance, e.g. gain and patterns.
- From one aspect the invention consists in an antenna for radiating at a plurality of frequencies including a ground plane for a first patch and a patch for each frequency, the patches being spaced and arranged in a stack with the ground plane such that the or each preceding patch constitute the ground plane for its succeeding patch; each patch being electrically surrounded by its respective ground plane whereby each ground plane will not resonate at its respective patches associated frequency .
- The use of each preceding patch as a ground plane for the succeeding patch enables a precisely co-located compact multi-band antenna to be constructed. In many situations only two patches will be required, for example one for each of a pair of frequencies in the respective mobile telephone bands, but there is no reason why a multi-band antenna with three or more patches should not be constructed, although as the desirable spacing of the patches decreases with frequency, there is obviously a physical limit to the number of patches that can be stacked. The area of the ground plane is preferably at least 50% greater than the area of the patch and ratio of 2:1 has been found to provide good 'forward' radiation.
- Preferably the antenna includes respective means for feeding each patch. It is particularly preferred that these feeding means feed the patches for dual polarised operation because of the improvement in reception in adverse environments. If dual polarisation is used, then it is desirable that there is a high degree of isolation not only between the polarisations within the frequency band but also between the bands themselves.
- Each feeding means may include two pairs of voltage sources connected to align points on the ground plane of a respective patch and probes extending from the points to the patch. For dual polarised operation the respective lines joining the pairs of points are orthogonal. To put this more broadly each means for feeding may include two pairs of diametrically placed capacitively coupled probes.
- In any event the means for feeding may include a wire probe, in which case the probe may be coupled to its respective patch by an aperture in the patch. Preferably there is a dielectric bush in the aperture.
- The patches may be of geometrically regular shape and are preferably square. In any event it is preferred that they are coaxial.
- It is preferred that the resonant frequency of a patch is approximately twice the resonant frequency of its preceding patch, so that the resonant frequency increases as one moves along the stack from the ground plane.
- Each patch may be separated from its ground plane by less than a quarter of the wave length of its operating or resonant frequency.
- Although the invention has been defined above it is to be understood that it includes any inventive combination of the features set out above or in the following description.
- The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of an antenna according to the invention showing the concept of the design; and
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of a practical implementation of the concept of Figure 1.
-
- In Figure 1 a conducting ground plane 1 is provided and stacked above that are
patches patch 2 serving as a reflector against which thepatch 2 is electrically driven. Thepatch 2 is resonant at a frequency in the lower operating frequency band, whilst thepatch 3 is intended to resonant at a frequency in the upper frequency band and utilises thepatch 2 as its ground plane. Each of the patches is spaced from its respective ground plane by less than a quarter of a wave length at the patch operating frequency and each is shaped so that it can operate in two mutually orthogonal modes and radiate respective orthogonal polarisations. - The lower patch is driven from
voltage sources 4a, 4b and 5a, 5b established on the ground plane 1 and connected to thepatch 2 by means ofprobe wires 10a - 10d andseries capacitors 8a - 8d formed within the patch. Similarly theupper patch 3 is driven byvoltage sources respective wire probes 11a - 11d and series capacitors 9a - 9d within the upper frequency patch. It will be noted that imaginary lines drawn between the diametrically opposed probes e.g. 10a, 10c and 10b, 10d are orthogonal and hence well isolated dual polarised radiation can be achieved. Specifically the probe ends within a diagonal set are placed on the voltage node line of the mode orthogonal to that set ensuring that the feed voltages at for example, 4a and 4b and 5a and 5b are equal and opposite in magnitude. - With correct adjustment of the probe positions, the series capacitors, patch size and height and the length of cable between pairs of probes the antenna can be made to have a VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of less than 1.2:1 across each frequency band.
- It is preferred that the feed to a pair of voltage sources is arranged such that the feed is initially to a first of the pair and then by a delay cable from the first of the pair to the second. If the delay cable is selected to create a delay of half a wavelength, then the two associated probes can be fed 180° out of phase at the operating frequency of the patch.
- It will be seen that the patches are square, in the described embodiments and measurements of 40dB had been achieved when taken above the arrangement illustrated in the figure.
- It is believed that for best isolation the upper frequency patch should be central with respect to the lower frequency patch and this should certainly be the best case for pattern symmetry. In practice isolation between each band has been found to be adequate for the GSM and PCN bands. This is attributed to the fact that each patch is considerably off resonance with respect to the other. In this connection it is generally desirable that the resonance frequency of an upper patch in a pair is approximately at least twice the frequency of the resonance frequency of the lower one in a pair.
- Turning to Figure 2, the ground plane 1 and
patches pillars patch 2 is fed viacables 4 and 5 anddelay cables patch 3 is similarly fed by cables 8 and 9 andcorresponding delay cables circuit 16 board forming the ground plane are electrically connected together so that even though thepatch 2 extends slightly beyond the printedcircuit board 16 it is electrically surrounded by the much larger ground plane 1. This ensures that the ground plane 1 does not resonate at the design resonant frequency of thepatch 2 and reflects the radiation in thepatch 2 away from the ground plane 1. Specifically the topmetallic layer 1a overlaps the hole 17 in theboard 16 and is strongly capacitively coupled to ground via the intervening dielectric. This enables RF connection of the two sides which make up theground plane 16 to ground without the usual metallic connection problems of dissimilar metal junctions. - It will be noted that the
probes 10 and 11 are coupled into the patches by respective dielectric bushes, for example those shown at 8a - 8d, and these allow for a controlled capacitive coupling. - It will be noted that the
patch 3 is significantly smaller than thepatch 2 and in any case should not extend beyond the ground plane constituted by thepatch 2. The corners of thepatch 3 are removed simply for assembly purposes and to all intents and purposes thepatch 3 is effectively square.
Claims (13)
- An antenna for radiating at a plurality of frequencies including a ground plane for a first patch and a patch for each frequency, the patches being spaced and arranged in a stack with the ground plane such that the or each preceding patch constitute the ground plane for its succeeding patch; each patch being electrically surrounded by its respective ground plane whereby the ground plane will not resonate at its respective patch's associated frequency, the antenna further including respective means for feeding each patch, each feeding means including two pairs of voltage sources connected to aligned points on the ground plane of a respective patch and probes extending from the point to the patch.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein respective lines joining the pairs of points are orthogonal.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 1 wherein each means for feeding includes two pairs of diametrically placed capacitively coupled probes.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the means for feeding includes a wire probe and the probe is coupled to its respective patch by an aperture in the patch.
- An antenna as claimed in claim 4 wherein there is a dielectric bush in the aperture.
- An antenna as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the area of the ground plane is at least 50% greater larger than the area of the patch.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the patches are geometrically regular shapes and co-axial.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the patches are square.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the resonant frequency of a patch is approximately twice the resonant frequency of its preceding patch.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein each patch is separated from its ground plane by less than a quarter of the wavelength of its operating frequency.
- An antenna as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the ground plane is constituted by two sides of a double side printed circuit board or the like which are capacitively coupled together and to ground.
- An antenna for radiating at a plurality of frequencies including a ground plane for a first patch and a patch for each frequency, the patches being spaced and arranged in a stack with the ground plate such that the or each preceding patch constitute the ground plate for its succeeding patch; each patch being electrically surrounding by its respective ground plane whereby the ground plane will not resonate at its respective patch's associated frequency, the antenna further including respective means for feeding each patch, wherein respective lines joining the pairs of points are orthogonal.
- An antenna according to Claim 12, wherein each means for feeding includes two pairs of diametrically placed capacitively coupled probes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9916146A GB2352091B (en) | 1999-07-10 | 1999-07-10 | Patch antenna |
GB9916146 | 1999-07-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1069646A2 true EP1069646A2 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
EP1069646A3 EP1069646A3 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
Family
ID=10856973
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00305729A Ceased EP1069646A3 (en) | 1999-07-10 | 2000-07-06 | Patch antenna |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1069646A3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2352091B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002050940A2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
WO2004051798A1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-17 | Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostju 'algoritm' | Steerable-beam antenna device and a planar directional antenna |
EP1531517A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-18 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Circularly polarized wave antenna made of sheet metal with high reliability |
WO2006059937A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-08 | Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab | Dual band antenna feeding |
US7292201B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2007-11-06 | Airgain, Inc. | Directional antenna system with multi-use elements |
WO2014091458A3 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-11-06 | Poynting Antennas (Pty) Limited | A dual polarized patch antenna arrangement |
US11652301B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2023-05-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Patch antenna array |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4660048A (en) * | 1984-12-18 | 1987-04-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microstrip patch antenna system |
GB8501225D0 (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1985-02-20 | Cossor Electronics Ltd | Antenna |
US5003318A (en) * | 1986-11-24 | 1991-03-26 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Dual frequency microstrip patch antenna with capacitively coupled feed pins |
US4947178A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1990-08-07 | Lotfollah Shafai | Scanning antenna |
US5043738A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-08-27 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Plural frequency patch antenna assembly |
US5153600A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1992-10-06 | Ball Corporation | Multiple-frequency stacked microstrip antenna |
FR2709878B1 (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-11-24 | Univ Limoges | Monopolar wire-plate antenna. |
US5880694A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1999-03-09 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Planar low profile, wideband, wide-scan phased array antenna using a stacked-disc radiator |
-
1999
- 1999-07-10 GB GB9916146A patent/GB2352091B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-07-06 EP EP00305729A patent/EP1069646A3/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002050940A2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
WO2002050940A3 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-08-29 | Kathrein Werke Kg | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
US6861988B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2005-03-01 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Patch antenna for operating in at least two frequency ranges |
WO2004051798A1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-06-17 | Obschestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostju 'algoritm' | Steerable-beam antenna device and a planar directional antenna |
EP1531517A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-18 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Circularly polarized wave antenna made of sheet metal with high reliability |
US7075486B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2006-07-11 | Alps Electric Co., Ltd. | Circularly polarized wave antenna made of sheet metal with high reliability |
WO2006059937A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-08 | Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab | Dual band antenna feeding |
US7292201B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2007-11-06 | Airgain, Inc. | Directional antenna system with multi-use elements |
WO2014091458A3 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-11-06 | Poynting Antennas (Pty) Limited | A dual polarized patch antenna arrangement |
US11652301B2 (en) | 2018-04-11 | 2023-05-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Patch antenna array |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2352091A (en) | 2001-01-17 |
GB9916146D0 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
GB2352091B (en) | 2003-09-17 |
EP1069646A3 (en) | 2001-07-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11777229B2 (en) | Antennas including multi-resonance cross-dipole radiating elements and related radiating elements | |
US6317099B1 (en) | Folded dipole antenna | |
US6734828B2 (en) | Dual band planar high-frequency antenna | |
EP1118138B1 (en) | Circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna | |
KR100997895B1 (en) | Dual feed multi-band planar antenna | |
US7015868B2 (en) | Multilevel Antennae | |
US6509882B2 (en) | Low SAR broadband antenna assembly | |
US6650301B1 (en) | Single piece twin folded dipole antenna | |
US6285336B1 (en) | Folded dipole antenna | |
EP3813192B1 (en) | Ultra broad band dual polarized radiating element for a base station antenna | |
AU778969B2 (en) | Folded dipole antenna | |
US20110001682A1 (en) | Compact single feed dual-polarized dual-frequency band microstrip antenna array | |
CN104124521A (en) | Modified printed dipole antenna for wireless multi-band communication system | |
JP2003258540A (en) | Stacked patch antenna assembly | |
US20030103015A1 (en) | Skeleton slot radiation element and multi-band patch antenna using the same | |
JPH11150415A (en) | Multiple frequency antenna | |
KR100616545B1 (en) | Multi-band laminated chip antenna using double coupling feeding | |
US6956533B2 (en) | Antenna having a monopole design, for use in several wireless communication services | |
US6885343B2 (en) | Stripline parallel-series-fed proximity-coupled cavity backed patch antenna array | |
EP3387706B1 (en) | Antenna and radiating element for antenna | |
JP2003514422A (en) | Printed antenna | |
US20200006862A1 (en) | Quad-port radiating element | |
KR101992620B1 (en) | The Antenna with High Gain and Omni-Directional characteristics | |
US20030103008A1 (en) | In-building low profile antenna | |
EP1069646A2 (en) | Patch antenna |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20011227 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20040906 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20061112 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: WD Ref document number: 1035265 Country of ref document: HK |