EP1064748A4 - Optical layer survivability and security system - Google Patents
Optical layer survivability and security systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP1064748A4 EP1064748A4 EP00919257A EP00919257A EP1064748A4 EP 1064748 A4 EP1064748 A4 EP 1064748A4 EP 00919257 A EP00919257 A EP 00919257A EP 00919257 A EP00919257 A EP 00919257A EP 1064748 A4 EP1064748 A4 EP 1064748A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- header
- optical
- network
- data payload
- network elements
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection
- H04J14/0294—Dedicated protection at the optical channel (1+1)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection
- H04J14/0295—Shared protection at the optical channel (1:1, n:m)
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0298—Wavelength-division multiplex systems with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
- H04J14/0283—WDM ring architectures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
- H04J14/0284—WDM mesh architectures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0287—Protection in WDM systems
- H04J14/0293—Optical channel protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0016—Construction using wavelength multiplexing or demultiplexing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0073—Provisions for forwarding or routing, e.g. lookup tables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0079—Operation or maintenance aspects
- H04Q2011/0081—Fault tolerance; Redundancy; Recovery; Reconfigurability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q2011/0088—Signalling aspects
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to optical communication systems and, more particularly, to a secure and survivable optical system, characterized by high throughput and low latency network traffic, which deploys an optical signaling header propagating with the data payload to convey security and survival information.
- NTI Generation Internet
- IP Internet Protocol
- OLSAS Optical Layer Survivability and Security
- optical eavesdropping (signal interception) methods can include (i) non- destructive fiber
- Non-destructive fiber tapping can be the result of: (a) fiber bending resulting in
- Non-linear mixing involves sending a high-power pump wave to achieve, for
- these attacks include using a high-intensity saturating source, a UV bleach, or a frequency
- the chaotic optical encryption technique uses what is called "chaotic
- the method in accordance with the present invention can vary the security coding
- polarization of the photons may change (even if polarization dispersion fiber is used).
- the third approach uses the spread spectrum technique to distribute the
- FDMA frequency agile multiple access
- CDMA code-division multiple access
- SDMA space-division multiple access
- the CDMA method can increase the channel capacity by almost 10-fold
- the inventive OLSAS mechanism combines all three approaches employed
- the optical network including optical nodes and optical
- each of the links is
- each of the replicated versions of the data payload may be propagated over a selected one
- sequence of related data payloads may be partitioned to form
- each of the subsets may be propagated over a selected
- replicated data payloads can be interleaved to form interleaved subsets, and these subsets
- optical links/wavelengths are advantageously selected using a time-dependent assignment
- the header information may include information about the assignment of
- the replicated versions is selected as being representative of the original sequence of data
- payload having a given format and protocol (a) generating and storing a local routing
- each local routing table determining alternative
- the header having a format
- each header is composed of one
- header signals each being conveyed by a distinct sub-carrier frequency
- the plurality of sub-carrier frequencies occupying a frequency band above
- selection signal (ii) selecting the active header signal as conveyed by the highest
- the optical-label (or optical-tag) switched packet has a header and a data
- the inventive OLSAS method writes optical layer security features to the header of each packet.
- eavesdroppers must attempt to break into the encryption for
- optical header holds the security features such
- jamming will affect packet survivability scheme only if such jamming signals fortuitously
- the inventive encryption method is practically
- the authorized network users can decrypt each packet with the
- SPRNG Stimulation Generator
- the OLSAS mechanism based on Dense WDM (DWDM) optical-label
- the conventional encryption method implemented on a single (wavelength) channel is susceptible to an eavesdropper
- the eavesdropper can continue to
- the chosen secret-sharing mechanisms can be varied rapidly and unpredictably in ways that make the
- wavelengths and a message may be split across an arbitrary number of these wavelengths
- inventive method can achieve secure communications by assigning packets onto randomly
- the decrypted signaling header possesses the information on the key for decrypting the
- optical header and the data payload can have completely different formats and protocols. Hence it is possible to vary the data
- FIG. 1 depicts a high-level block diagram of the location of optical link security
- FIG. 2 shows an illustrative embodiment for transmitting packets over disjoint
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show illustrative embodiments for transmitting a subset of
- FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a general network illustrating the coupling
- FIG. 5 illustrates the optical layer of FIG. 4 showing the relationship between the
- optical signal header and data payload and the use of the header/payload in network
- FIG. 6 depicts a high-level block diagram of an input node which effects header encoding and removing
- FIG. 7 depicts a high-level block diagram of control applied to an optical switch as
- FIG. 8 is illustrative an a WDM circuit-switched backbone network
- FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of an illustrative embodiment of a header detector
- FIG. 10 is a high-level block diagram of the transmit optical network module in
- FIG. 11 illustrates the manner of transmitting and receiving packet streams from
- FIG. 12 is a high-level block diagram of the receive optical network module in
- FIG. 13 is a high-level block diagram flow chart for the operation of the OLSAS
- FIG. 14 depicts the arrangement of the security features information in a
- FIG. 15 depicts a high-level block diagram of the optical network, the SOLC
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram of circuitry for detecting the active header signal
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram of re-set circuitry for deleting all incoming header
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram of circuitry for detecting the active header signal
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram of circuitry for removing a single header signal
- OLSAS Optical Layer Survivability And Security
- FIG. 1 A pictorial view of this two-tier security approach is shown in FIG. 1
- system 100 in high-level block diagram form includes: (a) optical network
- backbone "cloud" 110 having WDM nodes 111, ..., 114 coupled by optical paths 115, .
- IP routers 101, 102, and 103 served by network backbone 110;
- end-to-end electronic security devices 121, 122, and 123 each coupled to a respective IP
- optical link security devices 131, 132 and 133 each
- FIG. 1 clearly illustrates the complementary nature of the
- the OLSAS system has been devised to carry out information flow
- IP packets contained in each information flow are transported over at least two
- FIG. 2 below illustrates one embodiment of the OLSAS technique.
- WDM network 210 is composed of WDM nodes 211, ..., 215 coupled by the links/edges as shown, namely,
- nodes 211 and 212 are coupled by link 221, node 212 and node 215 are coupled by link
- the packets emitted by router 201 are processed in the Transmit
- Optical Network Module (ONM) 203 interposed between router 201 and network 210; in
- ONM 203 the electronic packets are converted to equivalent optical IP packets with an
- the ONM 203 applies the OLSAS technique (using, for example, a secure pseudo-random number generator (SPRNG) as discussed in more
- Path 1 (composed of, in series, node 211, link 221, node 212,
- ONM 203 assigns a (same
- ⁇ , ⁇ , ..., ⁇ , N having reference numerals 231, ..., 232 define a first subset of wavelengths
- numerals 233, ..., 234 define a second subset of wavelengths for propagation over Path 2.
- One possible arrangement is to propagate packet 1 using ⁇ tl and packet N using ⁇ lN of
- the selection of multiple paths and wavelengths is varied at regular time intervals at a rate
- IP packet shares are received by Receiver ONM 204,
- IP router 202 associated with IP Network #2.
- ONMs 203 and 204 are synchronized and, as alluded to, use any robust
- SPRNG Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator
- integrity or secrecy is based upon splitting a message among the wavelengths on a fiber, it may be necessary for maximum
- ONM 203 and destination ONM 204 is through the optical headers of the packets and
- IP session does not rely on the underlying IP session, packets, applications, or particular data items.
- FIG. 2 is representative of one exemplary approach to
- the information is sent on each path. Even if the information on one path is tapped, and even if it is possible to calculate the subset of wavelengths used to carry that information,
- secret sharing that is, sharing splits information into multiple parts or shares.
- threshold schemes have the desirable property that
- Verifiable secret sharing allows corrupted shares to be identified and removed.
- FIG. 3 A The block diagram of FIG. 3 A illustrates this mechanism.
- this example
- FIG. 3B shows in pictorial fashion another example using three disjoint
- the adversary can only obtain two-thirds of
- optical label- switching defined as the dynamic generation and determination of a routing path for a burst duration by an in-band optical signaling header. Data packets are routed
- the signaling header is processed and the header and the data payload (1)
- WDM label-switching enables highly efficient routing and throughput, and reduces the number of IP-level hops required by keeping the packets routing at the optical level to one hop as managed by the Network Control and Management (NC&M) which
- FIG. 4 shows the inter-relation between optical layer 420
- Electrical layer 410 is shown, for
- 420 is shown as being composed of network elements or nodes 421-425.
- layer 430 depicts conventional ATM/SONET system 431 coupling IP router 412 to
- header routing network 432 (the
- FIG. 4 pictorially illustrates the location
- elements of FIG. 4 are illustrative of one embodiment; thus, for example, element 411
- optical layer 420 of FIG. 4 is shown in more detail
- the setup uses optical signaling header 510 for
- optical signal header 510 which is carried in-band within each wavelength in the multi-wavelength transport environment.
- header 510 is a label containing routing and control information such as the source,
- Each WDM network element 421-425 senses optical
- signaling header 510 looks-up a connection table (discussed later), and takes necessary
- connection table is
- NC&M 520 constantly updated by continuous communication between NC&M 520 and WDM
- Data payload 511 which follows optical signaling header
- the format and protocol of the data payload is independent of that of the
- header that is, for a given network whereas the format and protocol of the header are pre ⁇
- the format and the protocol of the data payload can be the same as or different from those of the header.
- Each destination is associated with a preferred path which minimizes 'the
- the overall preferred path from source 423 to destination 422 includes
- the preferred wavelength on path 502 is Wp. If this preferred path at the default wavelength is already
- network element 421 quickly decides if there is an
- paths 503 and 504 in cascade may represent the
- path 503 is an alternative
- path with the same wavelength Wp, and path 504 is an alternate path using alternate
- network element 421 will decide to drop the
- Network elements 421-425 are augmented with two types of so-called
- the first type of 'Plug-and-Play' module represented by electro-optical
- module 432 is a stand-alone element, in practice, module 432 is integrated
- module 432 is interposed between
- CCI comphant client interface
- optical signaling header 510 onto the packets added into the network via header encoder
- encoding/removing module 432 is placed where the IP traffic is
- the client interfaces can be either a CCI-type or a
- NCI non-compliant client interface
- optical header 510 carrying the destination and other information in front of data payload
- Optical header 510 is encoded in the
- Signaling header remover 622 deletes header
- module 432 accepts the electrical signal from IP router
- Module 432 communicates with NC&M 520 and buffers the data before optically converting the data if requested by NC&M 520.
- Module 432 employs an optical transmitter with the wavelength matched to
- FIG. 7 depicts a second type of 'Plug-and-Play' module, optical element
- Module 710 is interposed between conventional network element
- Module 710 detects information from each signaling header 510 propagating over any fiber 701-703, as
- Module 710 functions to achieve very rapid table look-up and fast signaling to switching device 730.
- Switch controller 720
- this switch controller 720 is to
- switch controller 710 receives circuit-switched control signals from network element
- circuit switch controller 720 as well as information as derived from each signaling each
- the switches comprising switching device 730 also achieve rapid
- Wavelength Add-Drop Multiplexers include: Wavelength Add-Drop Multiplexers (WADMs); Wavelength Selective Crossconnects (WSXCs); and Wavelength Interchanging
- WADMs Wavelength Add-Drop Multiplexers
- WSXCs Wavelength Selective Crossconnects
- Wavelength Interchanging include: Wavelength Add-Drop Multiplexers (WADMs); Wavelength Selective Crossconnects (WSXCs); and Wavelength Interchanging
- WIXCs WaveXCs
- module 710 taps a small fraction of the optical signals
- the fiber delay is placed in paths 701-703 so that the packet having header 510 and payload 511 reaches switching device 730 only after the
- Packets are routed through network 501 using the information in signaling header 510 of each packet.
- signaling header 510 When a packet arrives at a network element, signaling header
- connection set-up request conveyed by
- optical signaling header 510 is rapidly compared against the label- switch routing look-up
- outbound link can be settled on a first-come, first-serve basis or on a priority basis.
- network 800 is first discussed in terms of its conventional operation, that is, before the overlay the elements and methodology in
- NC&M 520 has
- NC&M 520 periodically requests and receives
- network element e.g., network element 801 is shown as being served by optical fiber
- port 811 is associated
- port 812 is associated with W2
- port 813 of element 802 is associated with Wl
- NC&M 520 has stored at any instant the global information
- NC&M 520 determines the routing information in the
- the global routing tables configure the ports of the network elements to create certain communication links.
- NC&M 520 may determine, based upon traffic demand and statistics, that a fiber optic link from New York City to Los Angeles (network elements 801 and 804,
- packet is delivered as output packet 821 via client interface port 818.
- NC&M 520 are characterized by their rigidity, that is, it takes several seconds for NC&M 520 to
- circuit-switched connection has characteristics of a circuit-switched connection, that is, it is basically a permanent
- NC&M 520 can tear
- the dedicated path can be immediately routed without the need for any set-up.
- the dedicated path can be, and most often is, inefficient in the sense that the dedicated path may be only used a small percentage of the time (e.g., 20%-50% over the
- switching device 730 (see FIG. 7) embedded in each network
- NC&M 520 can respond and alter the global routing tables accordingly.
- the switch state is elucidated.
- the label-switch state engenders optical label switching.
- NC&M 520 is further arranged so that it may assign the label-switch state
- Plug & Play module 432 is appended by Plug & Play module 432 and, for the purposes of the present
- the label-switch state is commensurate with header 510 (see FIG. 5).
- label-switch state is computed by NC&M 520 and downloaded to each network element
- network element 801 and its embedded switch 901 in pictorial form. Also shown is
- hght energy appearing on fiber 902 is tapped via fiber 9021 and inputted to optical module 710 which processes the incoming packet 920 to detect header 510 — header 510 for
- packet 920 is shown as being composed of the label-switch state '11101011000',
- FIG. 9 Also shown in FIG. 9 is local look-up table 910, being composed of three columns, namely, "Label-switch State” (column 911), "Local
- the label-switch state for packet 920 is the entry in the
- first two binary digits indicate the incoming port
- second two binary digits indicate
- incoming packet on fiber 9022 is propagated onto fiber 904 via switch 901.
- NC&M 520 again on
- each corresponding network element (such as table 910 for network element
- each look-up table is then downloaded to the corresponding network element.
- each look-up table takes into account NC&M 520's global knowledge
- NC&M 520 is able to
- electro -optical module 432 so as to add header 510 to packet 820 to create augmented
- NC&M 520 to instruct module 432 to add the appropriate label-switch state
- header 510 in this case '11101011000'.
- state parameter is bursty in nature, that is, after switch 801 is set-up to handle the
- switch 801 may be returned to its state prior to process the flow state.
- switch 801 may have interconnected input port '01' to output
- port '10' prior to the arrival of packet 920, and it may be returned to the '0110' state after
- circuit-switched path is identical to the label-switch state path, in which case there is no
- switched traffic if any, can be re-routed or re-sent.
- This label switching normally occurs on a packet-by-packet basis. Typically, however, a large number of packets will be sequentially transported towards the same destination. This is especially true for bursty data where a large block of data is segmented in many
- the priority aspect of the packet is also shown with respect to FIG. 9.
- header 510 has appended priority data shown
- OLMs Optical Networking Modules
- OLSAS Method Three optical networking modules are used to implement the Optical Layer
- the first of the OLSAS modules is deployed at each of the multi-wavelength transport interfaces (e.g. at the multi-transport interfaces of node).
- the second OLSAS module (e.g., ONM 203 of FIG. 2) is deployed at the
- each single wavelength client interface e.g. at the transmitter end of
- each single wavelength client interface e.g., a single wavelength client interface
- Transport Interface Optical Network Module The first of the optical networking modules as located at the transport
- FIG. 9 that the second type of Plug-and-Play module is responsible for the optical-label
- a transport node e.g., node 801 of FIG. 9
- a small percentage e.g., 10 per cent
- optical line 9021 the remaining portion of the optical signal
- an optical delay line e.g., line 903
- the optical header is stripped from the optical signal in header detector (e.g.
- the optical header carries the optical label (e.g., 915), which in turn enables the optical label
- Plug-and-Play module is such that header/payload combination arriving over each wavelength in a subset of wavelengths at the second type of Plug-and-Play module may not necessarily be
- wavelengths and ⁇ iN arriving on link 221 to node 212 carry packets from a given IP session.
- the transmitter side of the single wavelength client interface deploys the
- Module 203 in effect, either
- such steps may be further characterized by the steps of (i)
- each path is assigned a different subset of M wavelengths out of the total number of existing wavelengths in the network.
- FIG. 10 there is shown illustrative arrangement 1000
- Packet source 1010 (such as IP element 411 of
- FIG. 4 provides a packet stream depicted by A,B,C,...,H to IP packet multiplier 1020.
- the outputs of packet multiplier 1020 are two identical streams denoted A,B,C,..,H and
- the first stream serves as an input to packet buffer 1030, whereas the
- second stream is an input to buffer 1031.
- Secure pseudo-random number generator 1070 provides "scrambling" information to each packet buffer to produce, in this example, four
- packet buffer 1030 outputs (ordered in
- packet buffer 1031 outputs four scrambled streams distinct from
- SPRNG 1070 operates to re-arrange the packet streams so that the streams from packet buffers 1030 and 1031 may be spread, in this case, across two optical
- SPRNG 1070 controls electronic cross-connect 1040 to produce four
- OLS/TX 1050 Optical Label Switching Transmitter
- stream D', E', K' along with its header is optically modulated for propagation by
- stream B,C,G with its header is optically modulated onto wavelength ⁇ ⁇ of Link 2 by optical transmitter 1050,
- OLSAS system controller 1080 controls the operation of transmitter
- switching fabric is set in such a way that all packets used in one disjoint path (e.g., Link 1)
- FIG. 11 depicts the manner by which optical packets for two disjoint paths
- IP router 1140 and Optical Network Module transmitter (ONM-Tx) 1130 which, with
- IP packet multiplier 1020 packet buffers 1030 and
- Optical switch 1160 is composed of a
- optical switch 1060 shown in FIG. 10
- optical switch 1260 discussed shortly with respect to FIG. 12
- switch 1160 Focusing on the right-hand part used for transmitting optical signals, switch 1160 is
- FIG. 10 one such switching point is shown by reference numeral 1162.
- switch 1160 closes switching point 1162
- switch 1160 and A are switched by switch 1160 to multiplexer 1110 for propagation over Link 1.
- optical signals with wavelengths A 3 , ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ , and ⁇ % are switched by switch
- Module 203 is essentially responsible for distributing the data packets for
- wavelengths is a subset of the total number of wavelengths available in the network.
- optical header carries encoded information that is then used at the receiver-side ONM to choose the subset of wavelengths used for the communication between a given source and
- the third type of the optical transport network At the receiver node of the optical transport network, the third type of
- each wavelength is processed by Optical Label Switching Receiver 1250 to detect the packets.
- receiver 1250 effects optical-to-electrical conversion of the packets arriving on wavelength ⁇ ⁇ and produces electronic packets J',G', B' .
- buffer/resequencer 1230 receives its input
- Resequencer 1230 converts the buffered packet shares to the single stream A,B.C,...H,
- IP selector 1220 is used to choose one of the multiple disjoint paths that carry the
- IP router 1140 via IP router 1140 and Optical Network Module receiver (ONM-Rx) 1131
- cross-connect 1240 which, with reference to FIG. 12, encompasses cross-connect 1240, buffer and
- switch 1160 has been depicted by optical switch 1260 shown in FIG. 12. Focusing on the
- switch 1160 is composed of switching
- control of signals arriving over path 1281 from controller 1280 of FIG. 12; one such
- switch 1160 closes switching point 1163 to couple the
- wavelengths ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 5 , and ⁇ are switched by switch 1160 as received from multiplexer
- FIG. 13 summarizes the electronic and optical level security method
- processing block 1305 operates to produce electronic packets.
- the electronic packets are processed, to encapsulate the
- optical security information via the header, which also includes information to effect label
- Processing block 1320 is invoked to generate a subset of
- header/payload information is propagated over the optical network (shown, for example,
- optical label switching is
- processing block 1330 deployed to route the optical packets, as denoted by processing block 1330.
- Block 1340 depicts processing wherein one stream from the plurality of detected streams is selected from delivery to the destination. Next, processing by block 1345 is invoked to
- optical header that carries additional security information may be
- FIG. 14 shows the optical packet including the subcarrier header, and contrasts
- Optical-label swapping can be achieved with either a header insertion
- SOLCM Secure Optical Layer Control Module
- ONM 1530 couples secure data
- ONM 1535 couples secure data
- Module 1510 has the important function of
- module 1510 communicates with ONMs 1530 and 1535 via a set of
- SOLCP messages Such messages may require ONM 1530 or 1535 to perform a specific
- the messages may be queries for alarms, alerts, link status, available wavelengths,
- This control operation can process data on link status within network 1525.
- module 1510 can use statistical information about packet loss, throughput, and
- Module 1510 can also periodically send explicitly routed, time-
- Module 1510 can be merged or integrated with NC&M 520 to create a "secure NC&M" module, that is, the functionality required of the SOLCM can be effected by the NC&M as well.
- optical header processor 1601 has as its input an optical signal via
- optical header processor 1601 includes in this embodiment: (a)
- dispersion compensator 1605 for correcting dispersion in the optical signal at optical
- optical-electrical converter 1610 e.g., a
- photodetector for producing electrical output signal 1611 from the optical signal
- IFs IF band-pass-filters
- IF-BPF IF band-pass-filters
- logic circuit 1650 which provides a switch selection signal on
- header detector 1601 of FIG. 16 is as follows. It is
- optical signal from the optical network e.g., as received from optical
- network module 432 of FIG. 4 propagates a 2.5 Gbps IP data packet (e.g., with
- sub-carrier header at f ⁇ is detected by envelope detector 1623. Because there is energy
- decision circuit 1624 detects a logic T, whereas all other decision circuits detect a logic
- delay circuit 1625 delay circuit 1625, as the input to demodulator 1691 via lead 1665.
- delay of circuit 1625 is not critical, other than the delay is greater than the time required to derive the logic signal via envelope detector 1623 and decision circuit 1624, plus the time
- the delay can be implemented digitally, e.g., by replacing each
- header signal at f 1 is the only header signal that will be demodulated by demodulator
- detector 1692 e.g., a 155 Mbps burst-mode receiver
- optical header to control the routing path through switching device 710 of FIG. 7.
- header replacement is useful to maintain protocol compatibility.
- FIG. 16 components of FIG. 16 which have heretofore not been described play a central role in
- header replacement has a broader connotation
- the header may be composed of various fields, such as a "label” field and a "time-
- circuit 1650 also provides a second selection signal on selection lead 1670; this lead
- write circuit 1694 is responsible for providing a new header signal.
- header signal that arrives at the input to demux 1602 is referred to as the active header
- the active header signal is placed in a frequency band above the frequency band of the
- logic circuit 1660 is arranged so that if decision circuits 1624.
- selection signal 1670 will close
- lead 1695 will be connected to the multiplier from the set 1681,
- switch/add-drop multiplexer 1607 the other input is provided by the header signal on lead
- Circuit 1607 now has a dual functionality, namely, it operates as switching device
- the output of read circuit 1693 serves as an input to write circuit 1694; in this manner, the active header
- the new header signal may serve as an aid in computing the new header signal.
- the new header signal is
- center frequency f 2 since the incoming active header signal is centered
- the modulated light which leaves the given node contains the data packet
- LiNbO 3 -based modulator/switch high-speed LiNbO 3 -based modulator/switch, will be explained later.
- carrier frequency f 2 is higher than / j by about 200 MHz for the 155 Mbps data, but the
- frequency difference between f and f 2 can be smaller if a more spectral efficient
- this node has the intelligence via logic circuit 1650 to know that the active header signal uses sub-carrier /, and the new
- header signal is written onto sub-carrier f 2 ⁇
- the third network node along the route will read the
- switch/ ADM 1607 is exhausted.
- modulator/switch can write about 40 ((10-2)/0.2 ) new sub-carrier headers signals, where
- FIG. 16 actually illustrates the implementation details of the fourth network
- circuits 1624, 1634, ..., 1644 generate a logic '1 ' signal to logic circuit 1650 in the pattern
- circuits will generate logic 'O's because there are no sub-carriers on / 4 ,/ 5 ,...f 40 .
- circuit 1650 uses the output "1110000....0" (three ones and thirty-seven zeros) to control
- the new header signal is then up-converted by f 4 , and is used to modulate the delayed main-path signal on optical path 1608 (which originally contains only three sub-
- the resultant modulated Hght therefore contains four sub-carrier headers
- header signal is about 300 ns. This means that the length of delay line 1606 in main
- optical path 1608 should be around 60 meters.
- dispersion compensation fibers such as compensator 1605
- the present technology is such that the nonHnear distortion penalty after 40
- FIG. 17 The primary difference between FIGS. 16 and 17 is in the upper path of FIG. 16
- LPF low-pass filter
- sub-carrier header signal centered at frequency / j is added to the regenerated data
- FIGS. 16 and 17 were reaHzed without the
- adder 1860 responsive to both Hght modulator 1850 and optical switch/ ADM 1607.
- optical packet header 1870 after optical-to-electrical conversion in opto-electrical
- converter 1810 directs detection circuit 1840 to turn on optical gate 1820 and let short
- CW Hght burst 1872 (about 30 ns in duration) at ⁇ x pass through to coupler 1830.
- CW Hght burst 1872 then loops several times via feedback path 1831 to lengthen the CW Hght duration to about 300 ns; this extended duration CW burst serves as an input to Hght
- Hght modulator 1850 e.g., via a LiNbO 3 modulator.
- optical adder 1860 is then combined in optical adder 1860 along with the
- main-path Hght which contains the data payload and the old sub-carrier header signals as
- Hght pulse conveying the new active header signal occupies the same time interval as the
- Hght signal conveying the old header signals, but being such that the frequency domain
- characteristics are determined by the sub-carrier frequencies.
- the network node configuration 1900 is
- node configuration 1900 is greatly
- aUocated at high-frequency carrier e.g. 9 GHz
- header signal conveyed f N will not affect the data payload in the low frequency region.
- the output of compensator 1605 feeds optical circulator 1910, which is coupled to fiber
- optical circulator 1910 input to optical circulator 1910 is shown in the top left corner, whereas the spectrum of
- write circuit 1694 write circuit 1694; modulator 1696; up-converter
- Optical technologies span a number of important aspects realizing the
- optical header technology optical multiplexing
- Optical header technology includes optical header encoding and optical
- optical header 210 serves as a signaling messenger to the network elements informing the network elements
- Header 210 is displaced in
- Optical multiplexing may Ulustratively be implemented using the known
- This waveguide grating structure has a number
- Wavelength conversion is resolves packet contention without requiring path deflection or packet buffering. Both path deflection and packet buffering
- Wavelength conversion resolves the blocking by
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US117074P | 1999-01-25 | ||
PCT/US2000/001882 WO2000044118A1 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Optical layer survivability and security system |
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EP1064748A1 EP1064748A1 (en) | 2001-01-03 |
EP1064748A4 true EP1064748A4 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
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EP00919257A Withdrawn EP1064748A4 (en) | 1999-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Optical layer survivability and security system |
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US (4) | US6271946B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1064748A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002535918A (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2000044118A1 (en) |
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CA2324246A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
US6219161B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
WO2000044118A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
US6233075B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
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