EP1056774A1 - N-terminally truncated glp-1 derivatives - Google Patents

N-terminally truncated glp-1 derivatives

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Publication number
EP1056774A1
EP1056774A1 EP99906075A EP99906075A EP1056774A1 EP 1056774 A1 EP1056774 A1 EP 1056774A1 EP 99906075 A EP99906075 A EP 99906075A EP 99906075 A EP99906075 A EP 99906075A EP 1056774 A1 EP1056774 A1 EP 1056774A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glp
xaa
lys
derivative
asp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99906075A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Liselotte Bjerre Knudsen
Per Olaf Huusfeldt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novo Nordisk AS
Original Assignee
Novo Nordisk AS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novo Nordisk AS filed Critical Novo Nordisk AS
Publication of EP1056774A1 publication Critical patent/EP1056774A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/575—Hormones
    • C07K14/605—Glucagons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/2264—Obesity-gene products, e.g. leptin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/26—Glucagons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/28—Insulins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
    • A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel derivatives of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and fragments analogues thereof having a protracted profile of action and to the use of such derivatives in pharmaceutical compositions.
  • GLP-1 human glucagon-like peptide-1
  • GLP-1 (Glucacon-Like-Peptide-1) is an important gut hormone with regulatory function in glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal secretion and metabolism.
  • Human GLP-1 is a 37 amino acid residue peptide originating from preproglucagon which is synthesised la. in the L-cells in the distal ileum, in the pancreas and in the brain. Processing of preproglucagon to give GLP-1 (7- 36)amide, GLP-1 (7-37) and GLP-2 occurs mainly in the L-cells.
  • WO 87/06941 disclose peptide fragments which comprises GLP-1 (7-37) and functional derivatives thereof and to its use as an insulinotropic agent.
  • WO 90/11296 disclose peptide fragments which comprise GLP-1 (7-36) and functional derivatives thereof and have an insulinotropic activity which exceeds the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 (1-36) or GLP-1 (1-37) and to their use as insulinotropic agents.
  • GLP-1 (7-36)amide and GLP-1 (7-37) is: 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-
  • WO 91/11457 discloses analogues of the active GLP-1 peptides 7-34, 7- 35, 7-36, and 7-37.
  • WO 98/08871 discloses GLP-1 derivatives in which a lipophilic substituent is attached to at least one amino acid residue.
  • the lipophilic substituents are in particular long-chain groups containing e.g. 12-24 carbon atoms.
  • EP 0699686-A2 (Eli Lilly & Co.) discloses certain N-terminal truncated fragments of GLP- 1 that are reported to be biologically active.
  • the present invention relates to derivatives of GLP-1 and analogues thereof.
  • the derivatives according to the invention have interesting pharmacological properties, including a protracted profile of action.
  • the derivatives also are more metabolically and physically stable, and more soluble.
  • the GLP-1 derivatives and analogues of the present invention are truncated at the N- terminal end and comprise a lipophilic substituent (optionally via a spacer) attached to at least one amino acid residue.
  • the lipophilic substituent is in particular a long-chain group of the type described in WO 98/08871 (Novo Nordisk A/S).
  • the invention relates to an N-terminal truncated GLP-1 derivative comprising a parent peptide of formula II
  • A is a peptide comprising the amino acid residues of GLP-1 (8-18) or a fragment thereof;
  • B is an integer in the range of 35-45;
  • X is -OH, -NH 2 , or a C 1-6 alkyl amide or C 1-6 dialkyl amide group; or an analogue thereof; and wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to at least one amino acid residue.
  • Gly 8 -GLP-1 (7-37) designates a fragment which relates to GLP-1 (1-37) by the deletion of the amino acid residues at positions 1 to 6 and the substitution of the naturally occurring amino acid residue in position 8 (Ala) with Gly.
  • Lys 3 (N ⁇ -tetradecanoyl)-GLP-1 (7-37) designates GLP-1 (7-37) wherein the ⁇ -amino group of the Lys residue in position 34 has been tetradecanoylated.
  • the amino acid residue in position 38 is Arg unless otherwise indicated
  • the amino acid residue in position 39 is also Arg unless otherwise indicated
  • the amino acid residue in position 40 is Asp unless otherwise indicated.
  • the amino acid sequence of this extension is as in the corresponding sequence in human preproglucagon unless otherwise indicated.
  • the present invention relates to derivatives of native GLP-1 and derivatives of GLP-1 analogs.
  • the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-1 (8-45) or a fragment thereof.
  • the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
  • the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
  • the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
  • A is a peptide selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11-18),
  • GLP-1 (18).
  • A is GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11 -18) or GLP-
  • A is GLP-1 (8-18).
  • B is 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43 or 44. In a more preferred embodiment, B is 36. In another more preferred embodiment. B is 37. In another more preferred embodiment, B is 38.
  • the present invention also relates to derivatives of analogs of GLP-1.
  • analogue is defined herein as a peptide which relates to a parent peptide by the substitution of one or more amino acid residues of the parent peptide with other amino acid residue(s).
  • up to fifteen, preferably up to ten amino acid residues may be exchanged with any ⁇ -amino acid residue, in particular with any ⁇ -amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code.
  • Preferred analogues are those in which up to six amino acid residues have been exchanged with any ⁇ -amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code.
  • GLP-1 derivatives or analogues are those in which: i) A is selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18) and GLP-1 (10-18); and ii) B is 36, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg 26 , Arg 34 and Lys 36 ;
  • the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg 26 , Arg 34 , Lys 36 and Lys 37 ; or
  • parent peptide B is 38, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg 26 , Arg 34 , Lys 36 and Lys 38 . ln a further preferred embodiment, a parent peptide for a derivative of the invention is
  • a parent peptide for a derivative of the invention is:
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg 26 -GLP-1( ⁇ -37), Arg ⁇ -GLP-
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg 26 Lys 38 -GLP-1(8-3 ⁇ ), Arg 2634 Lys 38 -GLP-1( ⁇ -38), Gly 8 Arg 26 Lys 38 -GLP-1 (8-38) and
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg 26 Lys 39 -GLP-1(8-39),
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP- ⁇ - ⁇ O), Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-40), Gly' ⁇ rg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-40) and Gly 8 Arg 26 ' 34 Lys 36 ' 40 -GLP-1 (8-40).
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is:
  • Gly ⁇ rg ⁇ -GLP-I (8-36); Gly ⁇ Arg a ⁇ - 34 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 (8-36);
  • Gly ⁇ rg ⁇ -GLP-I (8-37); Gly 8 Arg 2634 Lys 36 -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -37);
  • GI Arg ⁇ -GLP-l (8-39); Gly' ⁇ rg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-39); Val 8 Arg 26 -GLP-1 (8-36); VaPArg ⁇ -GLP-l (8-36);
  • Val 8 Arg 26 -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -37); Val 8 Arg M -GLP-1 (6-37);
  • GLP-1 ( ⁇ -39); Val ⁇ Asp 35 Arg 2W4 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36); Val ⁇ Asp M Arg 2W Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36)amide;
  • GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36); Ser ⁇ Glu 35 Arg 2W4 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36)amide; Ser 8 Glu 36 Arg aw4 Lys 37 GLP-1 ( ⁇ -37);
  • GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36); S ⁇ r ⁇ Asp 35 Arg ⁇ - 3 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Se Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l (8-37); Ser ⁇ Asp 37 Arg aw Lys 3B GLP-1 (8-38); Ser' ⁇ sp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-39); Sei ⁇ Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys 36 -
  • GLP-1 (8-36); Ser ⁇ Asp 35 Arg 2W4 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Ser s Asp 36 Arg 26 ' 34 Lys 37 GLP-1 ( ⁇ -37);
  • Ser' ⁇ sp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l (8-38); Ser 8 Asp 3 ⁇ A ⁇ g a ⁇ - 34 Lys 3 ⁇ -GLP-1 (8-39); Thr 8 Glu 35 Arg 26 ' 34 Lys 36 -
  • GLP-1 (8-36); Tht*Glu 36 Arg 2W4 Lys 3e -GLP-1 ( ⁇ -36)amide; T r ⁇ Glu 3 ⁇ Arg 2 ⁇ - 34 Lys 37 GLP-1 ( ⁇ -37);
  • GLP-1 (8-36); Gly 8 Asp 35 Arg 2634 Lys 36 -GLP-1 (8-36)amide; ( ⁇ -37);
  • GLP-1 (8-36); GI Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-36)amide; Gly 8 Asp 36 Arg 2634 Lys 37 GLP-1 (8-37); (8-36);
  • GLP-1 (8-36)amide
  • Gly' ⁇ sp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-36)amide
  • GI Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l (8-37);
  • Gly' ⁇ sp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys GLP-l ( ⁇ -37); Gly 8 Asp 2 Arg 2634 Lys 23 GLP-1 (8-38); Gly' ⁇ sp Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-
  • Gly' ⁇ sp Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l ( ⁇ -37); Gly ⁇ Asp 2 ⁇ Arg 2 ⁇ - 34 Lys 27 GLP-1 (8-38); GI Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-
  • Va Asp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l ( ⁇ -37); VaPAsp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l ( ⁇ -38); VaPAsp Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP- 1(8-38);
  • VaPAsp ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys ⁇ GLP-l (8-37); Val 8 Asp 28 Arg 26 ' 34 Lys 27 GLP-1 (8-38); Val ⁇ Asp a ⁇ Arg 2 ⁇ - 34 Lys 27 GLP- 1(8-36);
  • the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is:
  • Val 8 Arg 26 Lys 36 -GLP-1 (8-36); Va ⁇ Arg ⁇ Lys -GLP-l (7-36); Val 8 Arg 26 Lys 36 -GLP-1 (8-37);
  • VafArg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-37); Val 8 Arg 26 Lys 37 -GLP-1 (8-37); VafArg ⁇ Lys ⁇ -GLP-l (8-37);
  • VaPArg ⁇ Lys GLP-l (8-37); Val 8 Arg 6 Lys 23 GLP-1 (8-38); Va Arg ⁇ Lys GLP-l (8-36); Val 8 Arg 26 Lys 23 GLP-1 (8-39); Va Arg ⁇ Lys GLP-l (8-39);
  • the present invention relates to derivatives of GLP-1 analogues of formula III:
  • Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted
  • Xaa at position 9 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted
  • Xaa at positi on 11 is Thr, Ala, Gly, Ser, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
  • Xaa at positi on 22 s Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
  • Xaa at position 42 is Pro, Lys, Glu, or Asp, or is deleted
  • Xaa at position 43 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
  • Xaa at position 44 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, and
  • Xaa at position 45 is Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, or (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
  • a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ⁇ -amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu, and
  • the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
  • the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 does not exceed six.
  • the number of different amino acids is five. More preferably, the number of different amino acids is four. Even more preferably, the number of different amino acids is three. Even more preferably, the number of different amino acids is two. Most preferably, the number of different amino acids is one. In order to determine the number of different amino acids, one should compare the amino acid sequence of the derivative of the GLP-1 analog of the present invention with the corresponding native GLP-1.
  • the derivative Gly 8 Arg 26 Lys 34 (N ⁇ -(7-deoxycholoyl))-GLP-1 (7-40) and the correspondiing native GLP-1 (i.e., GLP-1 (7-40)).
  • the derivative Lys 26 (N ⁇ -(7-deoxycholoyl))Arg M -GLP-1 (7-40) and the corresponding native GLP-1.
  • the derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention preferably have only one or two Lys.
  • the derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention have only one Lys.
  • the derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention have only one Lys and Glu or Asp is adjacent to Lys.
  • the amino acids at positions 37-45 are absent.
  • the amino acids at positions 38-45 are absent.
  • the amino acids at positions 39-45 are absent.
  • Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, or Val.
  • Xaa at position 9 is Glu.
  • Xaa at position 22 s Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 23 s Gin, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 24 s Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 25 s Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 26 s Lys, Glu, Asp, or Arg.
  • Xaa at position 27 s Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 30 Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 32 s Leu, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 33 s Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 34 s Lys, Arg, Glu, or Asp.
  • Xaa at position 35 s Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 36 s Arg, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
  • Xaa at position 37 is Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
  • Xaa at position 38 is Arg, or Lys, or is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 39 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 40 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 41 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 42 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 43 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 44 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 45 is deleted.
  • Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at position 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 37- 5 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at position 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 38- 5 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at position 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 39- 45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • Xaa at position 36 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • Xaa at position 36 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • Xaa at position 36 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • Xaa at position 38 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val
  • Xaa at position 37 is Glu
  • Xaa at position 36 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val
  • Xaa at position 37 is Glu
  • Xaa at position 36 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val
  • Xaa at position 37 is Glu
  • Xaa at position 38 is Lys
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted
  • each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
  • Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val
  • Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys
  • Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg
  • each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
  • the GLP-1 derivative is Arg 34 ,Lys 26 (N ⁇ -( ⁇ -glutamyl(N ⁇ - tetradecanoyl))) GLP-1 (9-37).
  • derivative is defined as a modification of one or more of the amino acid residues of a peptide by chemical means, either with or without an enzyme, e.g. by alkylation, acylation, ester formation or amide formation.
  • the lipophilic substituents attached to the parent GLP peptide preferably comprise 4-40 carbon atoms, more preferably 8-25 carbon atoms, in particular 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • a lipophilic substituent may be attached to an amino group of the parent GLP-1 peptide by means of a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent which forms an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue to which it is attached.
  • the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have three lipophilic substituents. ln a more preferred embodiment, the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have two lipophilic substituents.
  • the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have one lipophilic substituent.
  • Each lipophilic substituent can be attached to (a) the free amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the free carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ⁇ -amino group of Lys and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu.
  • a lipophilic substituent is attached to only the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu. In a preferred embodiment, a lipophilic substituent is attached to only the free carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid.
  • a lipophilic substituent is attached to only an ⁇ -amino group of Lys.
  • the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent GLP-1 peptide by means of a spacer in such a way that a carboxyl group of the spacer forms an amide bond with an amino group of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
  • the spacer is an ⁇ , ⁇ -amino acid.
  • suitable spacers are succinic acid, Lys, Glu or Asp, or a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys.
  • the spacer is succinic acid, one carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue, and the other carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the lipophilic substituent.
  • the spacer is Lys, Glu or Asp
  • the carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue
  • the amino group thereof may form an amide bond with a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent.
  • a further spacer may in some instances be inserted between the ⁇ -amino group of Lys and the lipophilic substituent.
  • such a further spacer is succinic acid which forms an amide bond with the ⁇ -amino group of Lys and with an amino group present in the lipophilic substituent.
  • such a further spacer is Glu or Asp which forms an amide bond with the ⁇ -amino group of Lys and another amide bond with a carboxyl group present in the lipophilic substituent.
  • Other preferred spacers are ⁇ -L-glutamyl, ⁇ -L- asparagyl, glycyl, ⁇ -alanyl, and ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminobutanoyl).
  • the lipophilic substituent has a group which can be negatively charged.
  • One preferred group which can be negatively charged is a carboxylic acid group.
  • the lipophilic substituent comprises from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 25 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an unbranched alkane ⁇ , ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid group having from 1 to 7 methylene groups, preferably two methylene groups which spacer forms a bridge between an amino group of the parent peptide and an amino group of the lipophilic substituent.
  • the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an amino acid residue except Cys or Met, or a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys.
  • a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys means a dipeptide wherein the C-terminal amino acid residue is Lys, His or Trp, preferably Lys, and wherein the N- terminal amino acid residue is selected from the group comprising Ala, Arg, Asp, Asn, Gly, Glu, Gin, He, Leu, Val, Phe and Pro.
  • the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an amino acid residue except Cys or Met, or is a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys, and wherein an amino group of the parent peptide forms an amide bond with a carboxylic group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer, and an amino group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent.
  • the lipophilic substituent comprises a partially or completely hydrogenated cyclopentanophenathrene skeleton.
  • the lipophilic substituent is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group.
  • the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight- chain or branched fatty acid, more preferably, an acyl group of a straight-chain fatty acid.
  • the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group selected from the group comprising CH 3 (CH 2 ) n CO-, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 38, preferably an integer from 4 to 24, more preferred selected from the group comprising CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 14 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 CO-, CH 3 (CH 2 ) 18 CO- , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 20 CO- and CH 3 (CH 2 ) 22 CO-.
  • the lipophilic substituent is tetradecanoyl.
  • the lipophilic substituent is hexadecanoyl.
  • the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight- chain or branched alkane ⁇ , ⁇ -dicarboxylic acid.
  • the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH 2 ) m CO-, wherein m is an integer from 4 to 38, preferably an integer from 4 to 24, more preferred selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH 2 ) 14 CO-, HOOC(CH 2 ) 16 CO-, HOOC(CH 2 ) 18 CO-, HOOC(CH 2 ) 20 CO- and HOOC(CH 2 ) 22 CO-.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) p NH-CO(CH 2 ) 2 CO-, wherein p is an integer of from 8 to 33, preferably from 12 to 28.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) r CO-NHCH(COOH)(CH 2 ) 2 CO-, wherein r is an integer of from 10 to 24.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) s CO-NHCH((CH 2 ) 2 COOH)CO-, wherein s is an integer of from ⁇ to 24.
  • the lipophilic substituent is a group of the formula COOH(CH 2 ) t CO- wherein t is an integer of from ⁇ to 24.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH 2 ) 4 NH-CO(CH 2 ) u CH 3 , wherein u is an integer of from ⁇ to 1 ⁇ .
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) v CO-NH-(CH 2 ) 2 -CO, wherein n is an integer of from 8 to 24 and z is an integer of from 1 to 6.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH 2 ) 4 NH-COCH((CH 2 ) 2 COOH)NH-CO(CH 2 ) w CH 3l wherein w is an integer of from 10 to 16.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH 2 ) 4 NH-CO(CH 2 ) 2 CH(COOH)NH-CO(CH 2 ) x CH 3 , wherein x is an integer of from 10 to 16.
  • the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH 2 ) 4 NH-CO(CH 2 ) 2 CH(COOH)NHCO(CH 2 ) y CH 3 , wherein y is zero or an integer of from 1 to 22.
  • the lipophilic substituent can be negatively charged.
  • a lipophilic substituent can for example be a substituent which has a carboxyl group.
  • the derivatives of GLP-1 analogues of the present invention may be in the form of one or more of (a) a C-1-6-ester, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide, and (c) a pharmaceutical salt.
  • the derivatives of GLP-1 analogues are in the form of an acid addition salt or a carboxylate salt, most preferably in the form of an acid addition salt.
  • the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a derivative of a GLP-1 analog of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions comprise an isotonic agent, a preservative and a buffer.
  • isotonic agents are sodium chloride, mannitol and glycerol.
  • preservatives are phenol, m-cresol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and benzyl alcohol.
  • Suitable buffers include sodium acetate, sodium citrate, glycylglycine, histidine, 2-phenylethanol and sodium phosphate.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions preferably further comprise a surfactant in order to improve the solubility and/or the stability of the GLP-1 derivative.
  • the surfactant is poloxymer 1 ⁇ , tween 20 or tween ⁇ O.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions preferably also comprise zinc.
  • compositions preferably also comprise protamine.
  • the pharmaceutial compositions preferably further comprise another antidiabetic agent.
  • antidiabetic agent includes compounds for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of insulin resistance and diseases wherein insulin resistance is the pathophysiological mechanism.
  • the antidiabetic agent is an insulin, more preferably human insulin.
  • the antidiabetic agent is a hypoglycaemic agent, preferably an oral hypoglycaemic agent.
  • Oral hypoglycaemic agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists, GLP-1 agonists, potasium channel openers, insulin sensitizers, hepatic enzyme inhibitors, glucose uptake modulators, compounds modifying the lipid metabolism, compounds lowering food intake, and agents acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the ⁇ -cells.
  • Preferred sulfonylureas are tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide and gliclazide.
  • a preferred biguanide is metformin.
  • Preferred thiazolidinediones are troglitazone and ciglitazone.
  • a preferred glucosidase inhibitor is acarbose.
  • Preferred agents acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the ⁇ -cells are: glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, and repaglinide.
  • the GLP-1 derivative is provided in the form of a composition suitable for administration by injection.
  • a composition can either be an injectable solution ready for use or it can be an amount of a solid composition, e.g. a lyophilised product, which has to be dissolved in a solvent before it can be injected.
  • the injectable solution preferably contains not less than about 2 mg/ml, preferably not less than about 5 mg/ml, more preferred not less than about 10 mg/ml of the GLP-1 derivative and, preferably, not more than about 100 mg/ml of the GLP-1 derivative.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention also preferably comprise another anti-obesity drug.
  • the antiobesity agent is leptin. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is amphetamin. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is dexfenfluramine. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is sibutramine.
  • the antiobesity agent is orlistat.
  • the antiobesity agent is selected from a group of CART agonists, NPY antagonists, orexin antagonists, H3-antagonists, TNF agonists, CRF agonists, CRF BP antagonists, urocortin agonists, ⁇ 3 agonists, MSH agonists, CCK agonists, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin and noradrenergic compounds, 5HT agonists, bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing compounds, glucagon, TRH agonists, uncoupling protein 2 or 3 modulators, leptin agonists, DA agonists (Bromocriptin, Doprexin), lipase/amyiase inhibitors, PPAR modulators, PXR modulators or TR ⁇ agonists.
  • GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention exist in a partially structured micellar-like aggregated form when added to water or an aqueous solution. This structure makes them more soluble and stable in solution as compared to native GLP-1.
  • the increased solubility and stability can be seen by comparing the solubility after 9 days of standing for a derivative and normal GLP-1 (7-37) in a pharmaceutical formulation, e.g. 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.9 added 0.1 M NaCI.
  • Circular Dichroism (CD) can be used to show that the GLP-1 derivatives have a certain partially structured conformation.
  • the helix content of some GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention increases with increasing concentration, from 10-15% to 30-35% (at a concentration of 500 ⁇ M) in parallel with peptide self-association.
  • the helix content remains constant above 30% at concentrations of 10 ⁇ M.
  • the size of the partially helical, micelle-like aggregates may be estimated by size- exclusion chromatography.
  • the apparent (critical micelle concentrations) CMC's of the peptides may be estimated from the concentration dependent fluorescence in the presence of appropriate dyes (e.g. Brito, R. & Vaz, W. (1966) Anal.
  • the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising water and a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention which has a helix content as measured by Circular Dichroism at 222 nm in H 2 O at 22 ⁇ 2°C exceeding 25%, preferably in the range of 25% to 50%, at a peptide concentration of about 10 ⁇ M.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament which has a protracted profile of action relative to GLP-1 (7-37).
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for treating insulin resistance.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of obesity.
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating obesity in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP- 1 derivative of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the particular GLP-1 derivative to be used and the optimal dose level for any patient will depend on the disease to be treated and on a variety of factors including the efficacy of the specific peptide derivative employed, the age, body weight, physical activity, and diet of the patient, on a possible combination with other drugs, and on the severity of the case.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered parenterally to patients in need of such a treatment.
  • Parenteral administration may be performed by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection by means of a syringe, optionally a penlike syringe.
  • parenteral administration can be performed by means of an infusion pump.
  • a further option is a composition which may be a powder or a liquid for the administration of the GLP-1 derivative in the form of a nasal or pulmonal spray.
  • the GLP-1 derivatives of the invention can also be administered transdermally, e.g. from a patch, optionally a iontophoretic patch, or transmucosally, e.g. bucally.
  • the parent peptide can be produced by a method which comprises culturing a host cell containing a DNA sequence encoding the polypeptide and capable of expressing the polypeptide in a suitable nutrient medium under conditions permitting the expression of the peptide, after which the resulting peptide is recovered from the culture.
  • the medium used to culture the cells may be any conventional medium suitable for growing the host cells, such as minimal or complex media containing appropriate supplements. Suitable media are available from commercial suppliers or may be prepared according to published recipes (e.g. in catalogues of the American Type Culture Collection).
  • the peptide produced by the cells may then be recovered from the culture medium by conventional procedures including separating the host cells from the medium by centrifugation or filtration, precipitating the proteinaceous components of the supernatant or filtrate by means of a salt, e.g. ammonium sulphate, purification by a variety of chromatographic procedures, e.g. ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, or the like, dependent on the type of peptide in question.
  • a salt e.g. ammonium sulphate
  • the DNA sequence encoding the parent peptide may suitably be of genomic or cDNA origin, for instance obtained by preparing a genomic or cDNA library and screening for DNA sequences coding for all or part of the peptide by hybridisation using synthetic oiigonucleotide probes in accordance with standard techniques (see, for example, Sambrook, J, Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989).
  • the DNA sequence encoding the peptide may also be prepared synthetically by established standard methods, e.g.
  • the DNA sequence may also be prepared by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, for instance as described in US 4,683,202 or Saiki et al. , Science 239 (1988), 487 - 491.
  • the DNA sequence may be inserted into any vector which may conveniently be subjected to recombinant DNA procedures, and the choice of vector will often depend on the host cell into which it is to be introduced.
  • the vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e.
  • the vector which exists as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which is independent of chromosomal replication, e.g. a plasmid.
  • the vector may be one which, when introduced into a host cell, is integrated into the host cell genome and replicated together with the chromosome(s) into which it has been integrated.
  • the vector is preferably an expression vector in which the DNA sequence encoding the peptide is operably linked to additional segments required for transcription of the DNA, such as a promoter.
  • the promoter may be any DNA sequence which shows transcriptional activity in the host cell of choice and may be derived from genes encoding proteins either homologous or heterologous to the host cell. Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of the DNA encoding the peptide of the invention in a variety of host cells are well known in the art, cf. for instance Sambrook et al., supra.
  • the DNA sequence encoding the peptide may also, if necessary, be operably connected to a suitable terminator, polyadenylation signals, transcriptional enhancer sequences, and translational enhancer sequences.
  • the recombinant vector of the invention may further comprise a DNA sequence enabling the vector to replicate in the host cell in question.
  • the vector may also comprise a selectable marker, e.g. a gene the product of which complements a defect in the host cell or one which confers resistance to a drug, e.g. ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, hygromycin or methotrexate.
  • a selectable marker e.g. a gene the product of which complements a defect in the host cell or one which confers resistance to a drug, e.g. ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, hygromycin or methotrexate.
  • a secretory signal sequence (also known as a leader sequence, prepro sequence or pre sequence) may be provided in the recombinant vector.
  • the secretory signal sequence is joined to the DNA sequence encoding the peptide in the correct reading frame.
  • Secretory signal sequences are commonly positioned 5' to the DNA sequence encoding the peptide.
  • the secretory signal sequence may be that normally associated with the peptide or may be from a gene encoding another secreted protein.
  • the host cell into which the DNA sequence or the recombinant vector is introduced may be any cell which is capable of producing the present peptide and includes bacteria, yeast, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells.
  • suitable host cells well known and used in the art are, without limitation, E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or mammalian BHK or CHO cell lines.
  • the GLP-1 derivatives and analogues of the present invention may be prepared by methods known perse in the art.
  • the polypeptide portion may be prepared by chemical synthesis using solid phase protein synthesis techniques, or using recombinant DNA techniques, and the GLP-1 peptide having attached thereto a lipophilic substituent may e.g. be prepared as described in PCT/DK97/00340.
  • compositions of the present invention may be prepared by conventional techniques, e.g. as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 or in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19 th edition, 1995.
  • the injectable compositions of the GLP-1 derivative of the invention can be prepared using the conventional techniques of the pharmaceutical industry which involves dissolving and mixing the ingredients as appropriate to give the desired end product.
  • the GLP-1 derivative is dissolved in an amount of water which is somewhat less than the final volume of the composition to be prepared.
  • An isotonic agent, a preservative and a buffer is added as required and the pH value of the solution is adjusted - if necessary - using an acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid, or a base, e.g. aqueous sodium hydroxide as needed.
  • the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to give the desired concentration of the ingredients.
  • a composition for nasal administration of certain peptides may, for example, be prepared as described in European Patent No. 272097 (Novo Nordisk A/S) or in WO 93/18785.
  • the present invention also relates to methods for producing a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention, comprising alkylating, acylating and/or amidating the corresponding GLP-1 analog.
  • the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which, however, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection. The features disclosed in the foregoing description and in the following examples may, both separately and in any combination thereof, be material for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
  • the basic peptide to be modified may comprise amino acid residues 19-35 of GLP-1 as well as one or more additional desired N-terminal and/or C-terminal residues.
  • the basic peptide may thus, by way of example, have amino acid residue 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 of GLP-1 at its N-terminal end and amino acid residue 36, 37 or 38 of GLP-1 at its C- terminal end.
  • the peptide may of course also contain other modifications as described above.
  • Pal-ONSu Hexadecanoic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester.
  • Myr-Glu(ONSu)-OBu t N ⁇ -Tetradecanoyl-L-glutamic acid ⁇ -t-butyl ester ⁇ -2,5- dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester
  • N ⁇ -Pal- ⁇ -Glu(ONSu)-OBu l N ⁇ -Hexadecanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid ⁇ -t-butyl- ⁇ -2,5- dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl diester.
  • N ⁇ -Ste- ⁇ -Glu(ONSu)-OBu t N ⁇ -Octadecanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid ⁇ -t-butyl- ⁇ -2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-
  • PDMS Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry
  • HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography amu: atomic mass units
  • the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography using a cyanopropyl column (Zorbax 300SB-CN) and a standard acetonitril TFA system.
  • the column was heated to 65°C and the acetonitril gradient is 0-100% for 60 minutes.
  • the resulting solution was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid (2x25 ml). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in DMF (36 ml). The resulting solution was carefully added to a 10% aqueous solution of citric acid (357 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and dried (MgSO 4 ). The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude glutamic diester intermediate.
  • the reaction was quenched by the addition of a solution of glycine (11.6 mg, 155 ⁇ mol) in water (116 ⁇ l). A 0.5% aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (67 ml) was added, and the resulting mixture eluted onto a Varian 5g C8 Mega Bond Elut ® , the immobilised compound washed with 5% aqueous acetonitril (25 ml), and finally liberated from the cartridge by elution with TFA (25 ml). The eluate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue purified by column chromatography using a cyanopropyl column

Abstract

The present invention relates to N-terminally truncated derivatives of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and analogues thereof having a protracted profile of action, as well as the use of such derivatives in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity, insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The GLP-1 derivatives have a lipophilic substituent attached to at least one amino acid residue.

Description

N-TERMINALLY TRUNCATED GLP-1 DERIVATIVES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel derivatives of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and fragments analogues thereof having a protracted profile of action and to the use of such derivatives in pharmaceutical compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
GLP-1 (Glucacon-Like-Peptide-1) is an important gut hormone with regulatory function in glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal secretion and metabolism. Human GLP-1 is a 37 amino acid residue peptide originating from preproglucagon which is synthesised la. in the L-cells in the distal ileum, in the pancreas and in the brain. Processing of preproglucagon to give GLP-1 (7- 36)amide, GLP-1 (7-37) and GLP-2 occurs mainly in the L-cells.
WO 87/06941 (The General Hospital Corporation) disclose peptide fragments which comprises GLP-1 (7-37) and functional derivatives thereof and to its use as an insulinotropic agent.
WO 90/11296 (The General Hospital Corporation) disclose peptide fragments which comprise GLP-1 (7-36) and functional derivatives thereof and have an insulinotropic activity which exceeds the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 (1-36) or GLP-1 (1-37) and to their use as insulinotropic agents.
The amino acid sequence of GLP-1 (7-36)amide and GLP-1 (7-37) is: 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ( I )
Ala-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-X wherein X is NH2 for GLP-1 (7-36)amide and X is Gly-OH for GLP-1 (7-37).
WO 91/11457 (Buckley et al.) discloses analogues of the active GLP-1 peptides 7-34, 7- 35, 7-36, and 7-37. WO 98/08871 discloses GLP-1 derivatives in which a lipophilic substituent is attached to at least one amino acid residue. The lipophilic substituents are in particular long-chain groups containing e.g. 12-24 carbon atoms.
EP 0699686-A2 (Eli Lilly & Co.) discloses certain N-terminal truncated fragments of GLP- 1 that are reported to be biologically active.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2@) It is an object of the present invention to provide improved N-terminal truncated fragments of GLP-1.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to derivatives of GLP-1 and analogues thereof. The derivatives according to the invention have interesting pharmacological properties, including a protracted profile of action. The derivatives also are more metabolically and physically stable, and more soluble.
The GLP-1 derivatives and analogues of the present invention are truncated at the N- terminal end and comprise a lipophilic substituent (optionally via a spacer) attached to at least one amino acid residue. The lipophilic substituent is in particular a long-chain group of the type described in WO 98/08871 (Novo Nordisk A/S).
In particular, the invention relates to an N-terminal truncated GLP-1 derivative comprising a parent peptide of formula II
A - GLP-1(19-B) - X (II)
wherein
A is a peptide comprising the amino acid residues of GLP-1 (8-18) or a fragment thereof; B is an integer in the range of 35-45; and
X is -OH, -NH2, or a C1-6 alkyl amide or C1-6 dialkyl amide group; or an analogue thereof; and wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to at least one amino acid residue.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A simple system is used to describe the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention. For example, Gly8-GLP-1 (7-37) designates a fragment which relates to GLP-1 (1-37) by the deletion of the amino acid residues at positions 1 to 6 and the substitution of the naturally occurring amino acid residue in position 8 (Ala) with Gly. Similarly, Lys3 (Nε-tetradecanoyl)-GLP-1 (7-37) designates GLP-1 (7-37) wherein the ε-amino group of the Lys residue in position 34 has been tetradecanoylated. Where a reference is made to C-terminally extended GLP-1 analogues, the amino acid residue in position 38 is Arg unless otherwise indicated, the amino acid residue in position 39 is also Arg unless otherwise indicated and the amino acid residue in position 40 is Asp unless otherwise indicated. Also, if a C-terminally extended analogue extends to position 41 , 42, 43, 44 or 45, the amino acid sequence of this extension is as in the corresponding sequence in human preproglucagon unless otherwise indicated.
The present invention relates to derivatives of native GLP-1 and derivatives of GLP-1 analogs. In a preferred embodiment, the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-1 (8-45) or a fragment thereof. In a more preferred embodiment, the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
1 (8-36). In another more preferred embodiment, the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
1(8-37). In another more preferred embodiment, the derivatives are derivatives of native GLP-
1(8-38).
In a preferred embodiment of GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention, A is a peptide selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11-18),
GLP-1(12- 18), GLP-1(13-18), GLP-1(14-18), GLP-1(15-18), GLP-1(16-18), GLP-1(17-18) and
GLP-1 (18). Preferably, A is GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11 -18) or GLP-
1(12-18), and B is 36, 37 or 38. Most preferably, A is GLP-1 (8-18).
In a preferred embodiment of GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention, B is 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43 or 44. In a more preferred embodiment, B is 36. In another more preferred embodiment. B is 37. In another more preferred embodiment, B is 38.
GLP-1 Analogs
The present invention also relates to derivatives of analogs of GLP-1. The term "analogue" is defined herein as a peptide which relates to a parent peptide by the substitution of one or more amino acid residues of the parent peptide with other amino acid residue(s).
In the GLP-1 derivatives of formula II, up to fifteen, preferably up to ten amino acid residues may be exchanged with any α-amino acid residue, in particular with any α-amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code. Preferred analogues are those in which up to six amino acid residues have been exchanged with any α-amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code.
Preferred GLP-1 derivatives or analogues are those in which: i) A is selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18) and GLP-1 (10-18); and ii) B is 36, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34 and Lys36;
B is 37, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34, Lys36 and Lys37; or
B is 38, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34, Lys36 and Lys38. ln a further preferred embodiment, a parent peptide for a derivative of the invention is
Arg26-GLP-1(8-37); ArgM-GLP- 1(8-37); Lys36-GLP-1(8-37);
Arg∞^Lys -GLP-l (8-37); Arg2634Lys38GLP-1 (8-38);
Arg2634Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Arg∞^Lys^-GLP-l (8-40); Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (8-37); Arg^Lys -GLP-l (8-37);
Arg26Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-40);
Arg∞^Lys∞∞-GLP-l (8-39); Arg∞^Lys∞^-GLP-l (8-40);
Gly8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-37); Gly g^-GLP-l (8-37);
Gly8Lys36-GLP-1 (8-37); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-37); Gly8Arg 634Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Gly^rg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-40);
Gly8Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (8-37); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-37);
Gly8Arg26Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Gly^rg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-40);
Gly8Arg2634Lys36'39-GLP-1 (8-39); or
G|y8Arg26,34|_ys36,40.GLp_1 (g^Q) In a further preferred embodiment, a parent peptide for a derivative of the invention is:
Arg^Lys∞GLP-l -Sδ);
Arg26:i4Lys39GLP-1(8-39);
Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-40);
Arg26'34Lys41GLP-1(8-41); Arg2634Lys 2GLP-1(8-42);
Arg 634Lys43GLP-1(8-43);
Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-44);
Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-45);
Arg∞Lys∞GLP-lβ-Sδ); Arg^Lys^GLP-^δ-Sδ);
Arg∞^Lys ∞GLP-l (δ-3δ);
Arg2634Lys38GLP-1(δ-3δ);
Arg26Lys39GLP-1(δ-39);
Arg^Lys∞GLP-l -SΘ); or Arg^Lys '∞GLP-lβ-Sg).
In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg26-GLP-1(δ-37), Arg^-GLP-
1(δ-37), Lys36-GLP-1(δ-37), Arg∞^Lys -GLP-l (δ-37), Arg26Lys36-GLP- 1(8-37), Arg^Lys∞-GLP-
1(δ-37), Gly8Arg26-GLP-1(δ-37), Gly'Αrg^-GLP-l (8-37), Gly8Lys36-GLP-1(8-37), GI Arg^Lys36- GLP-1 (δ-37), Gly8Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-37), and Gly'Αrg^Lys -GLP-l (δ-37). ln a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg26Lys38-GLP-1(8-3δ), Arg2634Lys38-GLP-1(δ-38), Gly8Arg26Lys38-GLP-1 (8-38) and
G|y8Arg26,34|_ys36,38_GLp_1 (Q^Q) In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg26Lys39-GLP-1(8-39),
Arg^Lys∞∞-GLP-lβ-SΘ), Gly8Arg26Lys39-GLP-1 (3-39) and GlyβArg2β-34Lys3Wβ-GLP-1(8-39). In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is selected from the group comprising Arg^Lys^-GLP-^δ-^O), Arg∞^Lys∞^-GLP-l (8-40), Gly'Αrg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-40) and Gly8Arg26'34Lys36'40-GLP-1 (8-40). In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is:
Arg26-GLP-1(8-36); Arg^-GLP- 1(6-36); Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1(8-36); Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
Arg34-GLP-1(8-36)amidβ; Arg263 Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Arg26-GLP-1 (8-37); Arg34-GLP-1(8-37); Arg∞^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-37); Arg26-GLP-1 (8-38); ArgM-GLP-1 (8-36);
Arg2634Lys38GLP-1(δ-3δ); Arg26-GLP-1(δ-39); Arg^-GLP-I (8-39);
Arg^Lys -GLP-l (8-39); Gly8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36);
Gly^rg^-GLP-I (8-36); GlyβArgaβ-34Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-36);
Gly8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; GI Arg^-GLP-l (δ-36)amide; Gly8Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1(δ-36)amide; Gly8Arg26-GLP-1(8-37);
Gly^rg^-GLP-I (8-37); Gly8Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-37);
Gly8Arg26-GLP-1 (δ-3δ); Gly8ArgM-GLP-1 (8-38);
Gly 8 Arg26,3 4|_ys 38 GLp_1 (8_38). Gly8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-39);
GI Arg^-GLP-l (8-39); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-39); Val8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36); VaPArg^-GLP-l (8-36);
Va|8Arg26,34|_ys36_GLp_1 (8_36). va|8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Val8Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide;
Val8Arg26-GLP-1 (δ-37); Val8ArgM-GLP-1 (6-37);
ValβAιg2M4Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-37); Val8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-38); Va Arg^-GLP-l (8-38); Val8Arg2634Lys38GLP-1 (8-38);
Val8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-39); Val'Arg^-GLP-l (8-39);
Val8Arg2634Lys39-GLP-1 (6-39); Ser8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-36);
SeHΑrg^-GLP-l (8-36); SerBArg26'3 Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36);
Ser g∞-GLP-l (8-36)amide; Se Arg^-GLP-l (δ-36)amide; Ser8Argaβ-GLP-1(8-37); Ser^Arg^-GLP-l (8-37); SerβArg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-37); Ser'Αrg∞-GLP-l (8-38); (8-38); Sei^Arg^-GLP-l (8-39); Sβr8Anj2W4Lys39-GLP-1 (δ-39); ThHΑrg -GLP-l (δ-36); Thr^Arg^-GLP-l (δ-36);
Thr g^Lys∞-GLP-l (3-36); ThrβArg2β-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Thr8Arg34-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; ThrβArg2M4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; ThHΑrg ^Lys -GLP-l (3-37); Thr8Arg26-GLP-1 (8-38); Th^Arg^-GLP-l (8-38); Thr8Arg2βι34Lys3βGLP-1 (8-38); Thr8Arg2β-GLP-1 (8-39); ThrΑrg^-GLP-l (δ-39); ThrβArg2M4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-39); Val8Glu35Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-36); ValβGlu35Aτgaβ54Lys3β-GLP-1 (3-36)amide; ValβGlu3βArg2W4Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37); Val'Glu^Arg^^Lys∞GLP-l (8-38); Val8Glu38Arg2634Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Val8Glu35Arg2634Lys36-GLP- 1(8-36);
Val8Glu35Arg 634Lys36-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Val8Glu36Arg2634Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37); ValβGluwArg2β-34Lys3βGLP-1(8-38);
Val8Glu38Arg26'34Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Val8Asp35Arg263 Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36); Val8Asp35Arg2634Lys36- GLP-1(δ-36)amide; Va Asp∞Arg ^Lys^GLP-l (6-37); Val8Asp37Arg26'34Lys38GLP-1 (3-33); VafAsp∞Arg^Lys39-
GLP-1 (δ-39); ValβAsp35Arg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-36); ValβAspMArg2W Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide;
Val8Asp36Arg2634Lys37GLP-1(δ-37); ValβAsp37Arg2W4Lys3βGLP-1 (6-33); Va Asp∞Arg^Lys39-
GLP-1(δ-39); SerβGlu3SArg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Ser^Glu∞Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (3-37);
SerβGluS7Arg2W4Lys3βGLP-1 (8-38); Se Glu∞Arg∞^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-39); Ser8Glu35Arg2634Lys36-
GLP-1 (δ-36); SerβGlu35Arg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Ser8Glu36Argaw4Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37);
SβrβGlu37Argaβ-34Ly83βGLP-1 (8-38); SerβGlu3βArg2W4Lys3B-GLP-1 (8-39);
GLP-1 (δ-36); SβrβAsp35Arg β-3 Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Se Asp∞Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); SerβAsp37Argaw Lys3BGLP-1 (8-38); Ser'Αsp∞Arg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-39); Sei^Asp^Arg^^Lys36-
GLP-1 (8-36); SerβAsp35Arg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; SersAsp36Arg26'34Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37);
Ser'Αsp^Arg^Lys∞GLP-l (8-38); Ser8Asp3βAιgaβ-34Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-39); Thr8Glu35Arg26'34Lys36-
GLP-1 (8-36); Tht*Glu36Arg2W4Lys3e-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; T rβGlu3βArg2β-34Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37);
Thr8Glu37Arg2W4Lys3βGLP-1 (8-38); ThrβGlu3βArgaβ-34Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-39); Thi^Glu Arg^Lys36- GLP-1 (8-36); ThrβGlu36Arg β,34 ys36-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Thr8Glu36Arg2634Lys37GLP-1 (8-37); ThrBGlu37Aιg2W4Lys3βGLP-1 (8-38); ThrsGlu3βArg W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-39);
ThrsAsp36Afg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-36); Thr8Asp35Aιg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (6-36)amide;
Th^Asp∞Arg^Lys^GLP-l (δ-37);
,36
ThrflAsp37Argaw*Lys3βGLP-1 (6-36); Thr8Asp3βArg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-39); ThHΑsp∞Arg^Lys3 GLP-1 (δ-36); T r»Asp36Argaw4Lys3β-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; ThrβAsp3βArg2W4Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37);
ThrβAsp37Aιg2W4Lys3BGLP-1 (8-38); ThrβAsp3βArg2W Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-39);
Gly8Glu35Arg26'34Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36); Gly8Glu35Arg26'34Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
GI Glu3 g2βι34Lys37GLP-1(8-37);
Gly8Glu37Arg2634Lys38GLP-1 (8-38); Gly8Glu38Arg2634Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Gly8Glu35Arg26'34Lys36- GLP-1 (8-36); GI Glu^Arg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-36)amide; GlyβGlu3βAfg2β-34Lys37GLP-1 (δ-37);
Gly8Glu37Arg26'34Lys38GLP-1 (8-38); Gly8Glu38Arg26'3 Lys39-GLP-1 (δ-39); GlyβAsp35Arg2M4Lys36-
GLP-1 (8-36); Gly8Asp35Arg2634Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; (δ-37);
GlyβAsp37Arg2M Lys3BGLP-1 (8-38); GlyβAsp3βAϊg2W4Lys3β-GLP-1 (8-39); GI Asp∞Arg∞^Lys36-
GLP-1 (8-36); GI Asp∞Arg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-36)amide; Gly8Asp36Arg2634Lys37GLP-1 (8-37); (8-36);
Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (3-36)amide; Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (δ-37); Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-38);
Gly8Asp19Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Gly8Asp17Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); GlyβAsp1βA g2M4Lys1β-
GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Gly'Αsp^Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36)amide; GI Asp^Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37);
Gly8Asp19Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); Gly8Asp17Arg26;3 Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-36); Gly8Asp24Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (3-36); Gly8Asp22Arg26'34Lys 3-GLP-1 (δ-36);
GlyβAspa4Arg2W4Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Gly8Asp22Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide;
Gly'Αsp^Arg∞^Lys GLP-l (δ-37); Gly8Asp2 Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); Gly'Αsp Arg^Lys∞GLP-
1(8-38); Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg263 Lys27GLP-1 (8-33); Gly8Asp28Arg263 Lys27-GLP-1 (δ-36); Gly8Asp26Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36);
Gly'Αsp Arg∞^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36)amide; Gly'Αsp∞Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (δ-36)amide;
Gly'Αsp Arg^Lys^GLP-l (δ-37); GlyβAsp2βArg2β-34Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); GI Asp^Arg^Lys^GLP-
1(8-38); Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg263 Lys18GLP-1 (8-33); Val8Asp19Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (3-36); VafAsp^Arg∞^Lys^-GLP-l (δ-36);
ValβAsp1βArgaw4Lys1β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Val8Asp17Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
Va Asp^Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (3-37); Val8Asp19Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); Val8Asp17Arg2634Lys18GLP-
1(8-38); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); Val8Asp24Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (6-36); Va Asp Arg∞^Lys∞-GLP-l (δ-36);
Val8Asp24Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide; Val8Asp22Arg263 Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36)amide;
Va Asp^Arg∞^Lys∞GLP-l (δ-37); VaPAsp^Arg∞^Lys∞GLP-l (δ-38); VaPAsp Arg∞^Lys∞GLP- 1(8-38);
Arg∞^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); Val8Asp28Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Val8Asp26Arg26'3 Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36);
Val8Asp28Arg26'34Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Val8Asp26Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
VaPAsp^Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Val8Asp28Arg26'34Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); ValβAspaβArg2β-34Lys27GLP- 1(8-36);
Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (δ-36); Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); SerβAsp19Arg2β-34Lys1β-GLP-1 (8-36); (8-
36); (8-36)amide;
SerβAsp1βAιgaβ'34Lys1βGLP-1 (8-37); Se Asp^Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-36); Se Asp^Arg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-38);
Arg263 Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg∞^Lys GLP-l (δ-37);
Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); SβrβAspa4ArgaM4Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36); (8-
36); Ser'Αsp^Arg∞^Lys -GLP-l (8-36)amide; SerβAsp22Arg2W4Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Ser8Asp22Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-38);
Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys 7GLP-1 (8-38); SerβAsp2βArg2M4Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Ser8Asp26Arg26'34Lys27-GLP-1 (8-
36); SerβAsp^Aτg2M4Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Ser»AspaeArg2M4Lys 7-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
SerβAsp2BAiB2M4Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Ser8Asp28Arg26'34Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); SerβAsp2βArg2M4Lys27GLP-1 (8-38);
Arg2634Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg ^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36)amide; Arg2W4Lys18GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2M4Lys1βGLP-1 (8-38); (8-36); ThreAsp17Arg2W Lysie-GLP-1 (δ-36); Thr*Asp17Anj2W4Lys1β-GLP-1 (8-36)amide;
Thr8Asp1βAjrgaβ Lys1βGLP-1 (δ-37); Thr8Asp1βArg2β"34Lys1βGLP-1 (δ-38); ThrβAsp17Arg2W4Lys1βGLP- 1(3-3δ);
Arg∞^Lys∞-GLP-l (δ-36); Arg2634Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-37);
Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); Thr8Aspa*Arg2W4Ly323-GLP-1 (8-36); Thr»Asp22Arg2W4Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36);
Thr'Αsp^Arg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-36)amide; Thr8Asp22Arg26'34Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; (8-37); ThrβAsp24Argaw4Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); ThrβAsp22Argaw4 ys23GLP- 1(8-33); Arg2634Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg26'34Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Arg26'34Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); Th Asp Arg∞^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Thr'Αsp Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); T r8Asp2βArg2W LysZ7-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; T rβAsp2βArgaw4Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36)amide; Thr3Asp28Arg 634Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Thr'Αsp∞Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38); or 5 Thr8AspMAjp,2W4Lys27GLP-1 (8-38).
In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a GLP-1 derivative wherein the parent peptide is:
Arg26Lys36-GLP-1(6-36); Arg34Lys3β-GLP-1(8-36); Arg 6Lys36-GLP-1(δ-37); Arg^Lys∞-GLP-lfδ- 37); Arg26Lys37-GLP-1(δ-37); Arg34Lys37-GLP-1(8-37); Arg26Lys39-GLP-1(8-39); Arg^Lys∞-GLP- o 1 (8-39); Arg2634Lys36'39-GLP-1 (8-39);
Arg26Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-37); Arg^ ys^GLP-lfβ-S?); Arg26Lys18GLP-1(8-38); Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38); Arg26Lys18GLP-1(8-39); Arg^Lys^GLP-lβ-SΘ); Arg26Lys23-GLP-1(8-36); Arg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-36); Arg26Lys23GLP-1 (8-37); Arg3 Lys23GLP-1(8-37); Arg26Lys23GLP-1(8-38); Arg^Lys GLP-l (8-38); Arg26Lys23GLP- 1(8-39); Arg^Lys∞GLP-l (8-39); 5 Arg26Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Arg26Lys27GLP-1(8-38); Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38); Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-39); Arg^Lys^GLP-^δ-SΘ); Arg∞^Lys^∞-GLP-l (δ-36); Arg263 Lys18GLP-1 (6-37); Arg263 Lys1837GLP-1 (8-37); Arg∞^Lys^∞GLP-l (8-38); Arg26:!4Lys18'39GLP-1 (8-39); Arg∞^Lys∞ -GLP-l (8-36); Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-37); Arg2634Lys23'37GLP-1 (8-37); Arg2634Lys23'38GLP-1 (8-38); 0 Arg^Lys∞'∞GLP-l (8-39); Arg2634Lys27'36-GLP-1 (8-36); Arg2634Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Arg^Lys^GLP-l (δ-37); Arg2634Lys27'38GLP-1 (δ-38); Arg^Lys^∞GL -l (8-39); Gly8GLP-1(8-36); Gly8GLP-1(8-37); Gly8GLP-1(8-38); Gly8GLP-1(8-39); Gly'Αrg Lys∞-GLP-l (8-36); Gly^rg^Lys -GLP-l (8-36); Gly8Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (8-37); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-37); Gly8Arg26Lys37-GLP-1 (8-37); Gly^rg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-37); 5 Gly8Arg26Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞-GLP-l (6-39); Gly8Arg2634Lys36'39-GLP-1 (8-39); Gly8Arg26Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Gly^rg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Gly8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-37); Gly^rg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Gly8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); Gly^rg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38); Gly8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-39); Gly^rg^Lys^GLP-l (8-39);
Gly8Arg26Lys23-GLP-1 (δ-36); Gly'Αrg^Lys -GLP-l (δ-36); Gly8Arg26Lys23GLP-1 (8-37); 30 Gly^rg^Lys^GLP-l (δ-37); Gly8Arg26Lys 3GLP-1 (8-38); Gly'Αrg^Lys∞GLP-l (8-3δ); Gly8Arg26Lys23GLP-1 (8-39); Gly'Αrg^Lys GLP-l (8-39);
Gly8Arg26Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); Gly^rg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Gly8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); GI^Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Gly8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-33); Gly8Arg34Lys27GLP-1 (8-38); Gly8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-39); Gly8Arg34Lys27GLP-1 (8-39); Gly8Arg 26,34 Lys i8,36.GLp.1 (3.35). Gly8Arg2634Lys18GLP-1 (8-37); Gly8Arg2634Lys18'37GLP-1 (8-37);
Gly8Arg26, 34Lys i8,38 GLp_1 (Q.38). Gly g^Lys^GLP-l (8-39); Gly8Arg26'34Lys 336-GLP-1 (8-36);
Gly8Arg2634Lys23GLP-1 (8-37); Gly8Arg2634Lys23'37GLP-1 (8-37); Gly8Arg2634Lys23'38GLP-1 (8-38);
Gly8Arg2634Lys2339GLP-1 (8-39); Gly8Arg2634Lys27'36-GLP-1 (8-36); Gly'Αrg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Gly g^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Gly'Αrg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38); Gly8Arg26'34Lys2739GLP-1 (8-39);
Val8GLP-1(8-36); Val8GLP-1 (8-37); Val8GLP-1 (8-33); Val8GLP-1 (8-39)
Val8Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (8-36); Va^Arg^Lys -GLP-l (7-36); Val8Arg26Lys36-GLP-1 (8-37);
VafArg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-37); Val8Arg26Lys37-GLP-1 (8-37); VafArg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-37);
Val8Arg26Lys39-GLP-1 (8-39); VafArg^Lys∞-GLP-l (8-39); Val8Arg26'34Lys36'39-GLP-1 (8-39); Val8Arg26Lys18-GLP-1 (8-36); Va Arg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Val8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-37);
Va Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Val8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-38); Va Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38);
Val8Arg26Lys18GLP-1 (8-39); Va Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-39);
Val8Arg26Lys23-GLP-1 (8-36); Va Arg^Lys -GLP-l (8-36); Val8Arg26Lys23GLP-1 (8-37);
VaPArg^Lys GLP-l (8-37); Val8Arg 6Lys23GLP-1 (8-38); Va Arg^Lys GLP-l (8-36); Val8Arg26Lys23GLP-1 (8-39); Va Arg^Lys GLP-l (8-39);
Val8Arg26Lys27-GLP-1 (8-36); VafArg^Lys^-GLP-l (8-36); Val8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-37);
Val8Arg34Lys27GLP-1 (8-37); Val8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-3δ); VaPArg^Lys^GLP-l (8-38);
Val8Arg26Lys27GLP-1 (8-39); Va Arg^Lys^GLP-l (8-39);
Val8Arg2634Lys1836-GLP-1 (8-36); VafArg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-37); Val8Arg2634Lys18'37GLP-1 (8-37); Va Arg∞^Lys^∞GLP-l (8-38); Val8Arg2634Lys18'39GLP-1 (8-39); Val8Arg26'34Lys2336-GLP-1 (8-36);
Va|8 Arg 26,34 Lys 23 GLp_1 (8_37). Val8Arg2634Lys23'37GLP-1 (8-37); Val8Arg2634Lys23'38GLP-1 (8-38);
Val8Arg2634Lys2339GLP-1 (8-39); Val8Arg26'34Lys27'36-GLP-1 (8-36); VafArg∞^Lys^GLP-l (8-37);
Val8Arg2634Lys2737GLP-1 (8-37); Val8Arg2634Lys2738GLP-1 (8-38); or Val8Arg26'34Lys2739GLP-1 (8-39). In a most preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to derivatives of GLP-1 analogues of formula III:
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Phe-
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ile-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa (III) wherein
Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 9 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at posit on 10 s Gly or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 11 is Thr, Ala, Gly, Ser, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 12 s Phe or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 13 s Thr or is deleted,
Xaa at posit on 14 s Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, lie, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 15 s Asp or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 16 s Val, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at posit on 17 s Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at posit on 18 s Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 19 s Tyr, Phe, Trp, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 20 s Leu, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 21 s Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 22 s Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 23 s Gin, Asn, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 24 s Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at posit on 25 s Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 26 s Lys, Arg, Gin, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at positi on 27 s Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 30 s Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 31 s Trp, Phe, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 32 s Leu, Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 33 s Val, Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Met, Leu, He, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 34 s Lys, Arg, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at posit on 35 s Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at positi on 36 s Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at positi on 37 s Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at posit on 38 s Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 39 s Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 40 s Asp, Glu, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at positi on 41 s Phe, Trp, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 42 is Pro, Lys, Glu, or Asp, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 43 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 44 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, and
Xaa at position 45 is Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, or (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
(i) when the amino acid at position 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 is deleted, then each amino acid upstream of the amino acid is also deleted, (ii) when the amino acid at position 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43 or 44 is deleted, then each amino acid downstream of the amino acid is also deleted,
(iii) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu, and
(iv) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
The total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 does not exceed six. Preferably, the number of different amino acids is five. More preferably, the number of different amino acids is four. Even more preferably, the number of different amino acids is three. Even more preferably, the number of different amino acids is two. Most preferably, the number of different amino acids is one. In order to determine the number of different amino acids, one should compare the amino acid sequence of the derivative of the GLP-1 analog of the present invention with the corresponding native GLP-1. For example, there are two different amino acids (at positions 8 and 26) between the derivative Gly8Arg26Lys34(Nε-(7-deoxycholoyl))-GLP-1 (7-40) and the correspondiing native GLP-1 (i.e., GLP-1 (7-40)). Similarly, there is only one different amino acid (at position 34) between the derivative Lys26(Nε-(7-deoxycholoyl))ArgM-GLP-1 (7-40) and the corresponding native GLP-1. The derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention preferably have only one or two Lys. The ε-amino group of one or both Lys is substituted with a lipophilic substituent, Preferably, the derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention have only one Lys. In a more preferred embodiment, there is only one Lys which is located at the carboxy terminus of the derivative of the GLP-1 analogs. In an even more preferred embodiment, the derivatives of the GLP-1 analogs of the present invention have only one Lys and Glu or Asp is adjacent to Lys. In a preferred embodiment, the amino acids at positions 37-45 are absent. In another preferred embodiment, the amino acids at positions 38-45 are absent. In another preferred embodiment, the amino acids at positions 39-45 are absent. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, or Val. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 9 is Glu.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 11 s Thr. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 14 s Ser. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 16 s Val. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 17 s Ser. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 18 s Ser, Lys, Glu, or Asp. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 19 s Tyr, Lys, Glu, or Asp. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 20 s Leu, Lys, Glu, or Asp. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 21 s Glu, Lys, or Asp. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 22 s Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 23 s Gin, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 24 s Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 25 s Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 26 s Lys, Glu, Asp, or Arg. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 27 s Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 30 s Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 31 s Trp, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 32 s Leu, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 33 s Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 34 s Lys, Arg, Glu, or Asp. In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 35 s Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 36 s Arg, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 37 is Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 38 is Arg, or Lys, or is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 39 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 40 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 41 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 42 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 43 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 44 is deleted.
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 45 is deleted. ln another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37). In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38- 5 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39- 45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 38 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38). In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 38 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38). ln another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38). In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
In another preferred embodiment, Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
In another preferred embodiment the GLP-1 derivative is Arg34,Lys26(Nε-(γ-glutamyl(Nα- tetradecanoyl))) GLP-1 (9-37).
Derivatives
The term "derivative" is defined as a modification of one or more of the amino acid residues of a peptide by chemical means, either with or without an enzyme, e.g. by alkylation, acylation, ester formation or amide formation.
Lipophilic Substituents
To obtain a satisfactory protracted profile of action of the GLP-1 derivative, the lipophilic substituents attached to the parent GLP peptide preferably comprise 4-40 carbon atoms, more preferably 8-25 carbon atoms, in particular 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. A lipophilic substituent may be attached to an amino group of the parent GLP-1 peptide by means of a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent which forms an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue to which it is attached.
In a preferred embodiment, the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have three lipophilic substituents. ln a more preferred embodiment, the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have two lipophilic substituents.
In an even more preferred embodiment, the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention have one lipophilic substituent. Each lipophilic substituent can be attached to (a) the free amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the free carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ε-amino group of Lys and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu.
In a preferred embodiment, a lipophilic substituent is attached to only the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu. In a preferred embodiment, a lipophilic substituent is attached to only the free carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid.
In another preferred embodiment, a lipophilic substituent is attached to only an ε-amino group of Lys.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent GLP-1 peptide by means of a spacer in such a way that a carboxyl group of the spacer forms an amide bond with an amino group of the parent GLP-1 peptide. In a preferred embodiment, the spacer is an α,ω-amino acid. Examples of suitable spacers are succinic acid, Lys, Glu or Asp, or a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys. When the spacer is succinic acid, one carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue, and the other carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the lipophilic substituent. When the spacer is Lys, Glu or Asp, the carboxyl group thereof may form an amide bond with an amino group of the amino acid residue, and the amino group thereof may form an amide bond with a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent. When Lys is used as the spacer, a further spacer may in some instances be inserted between the ε-amino group of Lys and the lipophilic substituent. In one preferred embodiment, such a further spacer is succinic acid which forms an amide bond with the ε-amino group of Lys and with an amino group present in the lipophilic substituent. In another preferred embodiment such a further spacer is Glu or Asp which forms an amide bond with the ε-amino group of Lys and another amide bond with a carboxyl group present in the lipophilic substituent. Other preferred spacers are γ-L-glutamyl, β-L- asparagyl, glycyl, β-alanyl, and α-(γ-aminobutanoyl).
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lipophilic substituent has a group which can be negatively charged. One preferred group which can be negatively charged is a carboxylic acid group. ln a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent comprises from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 25 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an unbranched alkane α,ω-dicarboxylic acid group having from 1 to 7 methylene groups, preferably two methylene groups which spacer forms a bridge between an amino group of the parent peptide and an amino group of the lipophilic substituent.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an amino acid residue except Cys or Met, or a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys. In the present text, the phrase "a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys" means a dipeptide wherein the C-terminal amino acid residue is Lys, His or Trp, preferably Lys, and wherein the N- terminal amino acid residue is selected from the group comprising Ala, Arg, Asp, Asn, Gly, Glu, Gin, He, Leu, Val, Phe and Pro.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent peptide by means of a spacer which is an amino acid residue except Cys or Met, or is a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys, and wherein an amino group of the parent peptide forms an amide bond with a carboxylic group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer, and an amino group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent. In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent comprises a partially or completely hydrogenated cyclopentanophenathrene skeleton.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight- chain or branched fatty acid, more preferably, an acyl group of a straight-chain fatty acid.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group selected from the group comprising CH3(CH2)nCO-, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 38, preferably an integer from 4 to 24, more preferred selected from the group comprising CH3(CH2)6CO-, CH3(CH2)8CO-, CH3(CH2)10CO-, CH3(CH2)12CO-, CH3(CH2)14CO-, CH3(CH2)16CO-, CH3(CH2)18CO- , CH3(CH2)20CO- and CH3(CH2)22CO-. In a most preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is tetradecanoyl. In another most preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is hexadecanoyl.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight- chain or branched alkane α,ω-dicarboxylic acid. ln a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH2)mCO-, wherein m is an integer from 4 to 38, preferably an integer from 4 to 24, more preferred selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH2)14CO-, HOOC(CH2)16CO-, HOOC(CH2)18CO-, HOOC(CH2)20CO- and HOOC(CH2)22CO-. In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)pNH-CO(CH2)2CO-, wherein p is an integer of from 8 to 33, preferably from 12 to 28.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)rCO-NHCH(COOH)(CH2)2CO-, wherein r is an integer of from 10 to 24.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)sCO-NHCH((CH2)2COOH)CO-, wherein s is an integer of from δ to 24.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent is a group of the formula COOH(CH2)tCO- wherein t is an integer of from δ to 24.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)uCH3, wherein u is an integer of from δ to 1δ.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)vCO-NH-(CH2) 2-CO, wherein n is an integer of from 8 to 24 and z is an integer of from 1 to 6.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-COCH((CH2)2COOH)NH-CO(CH2)wCH3l wherein w is an integer of from 10 to 16. In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)2CH(COOH)NH-CO(CH2)xCH3, wherein x is an integer of from 10 to 16.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)2CH(COOH)NHCO(CH2)yCH3, wherein y is zero or an integer of from 1 to 22.
In a further preferred embodiment, the lipophilic substituent can be negatively charged. Such a lipophilic substituent can for example be a substituent which has a carboxyl group. Other Derivatives
The derivatives of GLP-1 analogues of the present invention may be in the form of one or more of (a) a C-1-6-ester, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide, and (c) a pharmaceutical salt. In a preferred embodiment, the derivatives of GLP-1 analogues are in the form of an acid addition salt or a carboxylate salt, most preferably in the form of an acid addition salt.
Pharmaceutical Compositions
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a derivative of a GLP-1 analog of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier.
Preferably, the pharmaceutical compositions comprise an isotonic agent, a preservative and a buffer. Examples of isotonic agents are sodium chloride, mannitol and glycerol. Examples of preservatives are phenol, m-cresol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate and benzyl alcohol. Suitable buffers include sodium acetate, sodium citrate, glycylglycine, histidine, 2-phenylethanol and sodium phosphate.
The pharmaceutical compositions preferably further comprise a surfactant in order to improve the solubility and/or the stability of the GLP-1 derivative. Preferably, the surfactant is poloxymer 1δδ, tween 20 or tween δO. The pharmaceutical compositions preferably also comprise zinc.
The pharmaceutical compositions preferably also comprise protamine. The pharmaceutial compositions preferably further comprise another antidiabetic agent. The term "antidiabetic agent" includes compounds for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of insulin resistance and diseases wherein insulin resistance is the pathophysiological mechanism.
In one embodiment of this invention, the antidiabetic agent is an insulin, more preferably human insulin.
In another embodiment the antidiabetic agent is a hypoglycaemic agent, preferably an oral hypoglycaemic agent. Oral hypoglycaemic agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists, GLP-1 agonists, potasium channel openers, insulin sensitizers, hepatic enzyme inhibitors, glucose uptake modulators, compounds modifying the lipid metabolism, compounds lowering food intake, and agents acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the β-cells. Preferred sulfonylureas are tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide and gliclazide. A preferred biguanide is metformin. Preferred thiazolidinediones are troglitazone and ciglitazone. A preferred glucosidase inhibitor is acarbose. Preferred agents acting on the ATP-dependent potassium channel of the β-cells are: glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, and repaglinide.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the GLP-1 derivative is provided in the form of a composition suitable for administration by injection. Such a composition can either be an injectable solution ready for use or it can be an amount of a solid composition, e.g. a lyophilised product, which has to be dissolved in a solvent before it can be injected. The injectable solution preferably contains not less than about 2 mg/ml, preferably not less than about 5 mg/ml, more preferred not less than about 10 mg/ml of the GLP-1 derivative and, preferably, not more than about 100 mg/ml of the GLP-1 derivative. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention also preferably comprise another anti-obesity drug.
In one embodiment of this invention, the antiobesity agent is leptin. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is amphetamin. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is dexfenfluramine. In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is sibutramine.
In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is orlistat.
In another embodiment the antiobesity agent is selected from a group of CART agonists, NPY antagonists, orexin antagonists, H3-antagonists, TNF agonists, CRF agonists, CRF BP antagonists, urocortin agonists, β3 agonists, MSH agonists, CCK agonists, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin and noradrenergic compounds, 5HT agonists, bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing compounds, glucagon, TRH agonists, uncoupling protein 2 or 3 modulators, leptin agonists, DA agonists (Bromocriptin, Doprexin), lipase/amyiase inhibitors, PPAR modulators, PXR modulators or TR β agonists.
A number of the GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention exist in a partially structured micellar-like aggregated form when added to water or an aqueous solution. This structure makes them more soluble and stable in solution as compared to native GLP-1. The increased solubility and stability can be seen by comparing the solubility after 9 days of standing for a derivative and normal GLP-1 (7-37) in a pharmaceutical formulation, e.g. 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.9 added 0.1 M NaCI. Circular Dichroism (CD) can be used to show that the GLP-1 derivatives have a certain partially structured conformation. In contrast to native GLP-1 (7-37) the helix content of some GLP-1 derivatives of the present invention increases with increasing concentration, from 10-15% to 30-35% (at a concentration of 500 μM) in parallel with peptide self-association. For the GLP-1 derivatives forming partially structured micellar-like aggregates in aqueous solution the helix content remains constant above 30% at concentrations of 10 μM. The size of the partially helical, micelle-like aggregates may be estimated by size- exclusion chromatography. Similarly, the apparent (critical micelle concentrations) CMC's of the peptides may be estimated from the concentration dependent fluorescence in the presence of appropriate dyes (e.g. Brito, R. & Vaz, W. (1966) Anal. Biochem. 152, 250-255). Thus, the present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising water and a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention which has a helix content as measured by Circular Dichroism at 222 nm in H2O at 22 ± 2°C exceeding 25%, preferably in the range of 25% to 50%, at a peptide concentration of about 10 μM.
Uses
The present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament which has a protracted profile of action relative to GLP-1 (7-37).
The present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
The present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for treating insulin resistance.
The present invention also relates to the use of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament with protracted effect for the treatment of obesity. The present invention relates to a method of treating insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The present invention relates to a method of treating obesity in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP- 1 derivative of the present invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
The particular GLP-1 derivative to be used and the optimal dose level for any patient will depend on the disease to be treated and on a variety of factors including the efficacy of the specific peptide derivative employed, the age, body weight, physical activity, and diet of the patient, on a possible combination with other drugs, and on the severity of the case. The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered parenterally to patients in need of such a treatment. Parenteral administration may be performed by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection by means of a syringe, optionally a penlike syringe. Alternatively, parenteral administration can be performed by means of an infusion pump. A further option is a composition which may be a powder or a liquid for the administration of the GLP-1 derivative in the form of a nasal or pulmonal spray. As a still further option, the GLP-1 derivatives of the invention can also be administered transdermally, e.g. from a patch, optionally a iontophoretic patch, or transmucosally, e.g. bucally.
Methods of Production
The parent peptide can be produced by a method which comprises culturing a host cell containing a DNA sequence encoding the polypeptide and capable of expressing the polypeptide in a suitable nutrient medium under conditions permitting the expression of the peptide, after which the resulting peptide is recovered from the culture. The medium used to culture the cells may be any conventional medium suitable for growing the host cells, such as minimal or complex media containing appropriate supplements. Suitable media are available from commercial suppliers or may be prepared according to published recipes (e.g. in catalogues of the American Type Culture Collection). The peptide produced by the cells may then be recovered from the culture medium by conventional procedures including separating the host cells from the medium by centrifugation or filtration, precipitating the proteinaceous components of the supernatant or filtrate by means of a salt, e.g. ammonium sulphate, purification by a variety of chromatographic procedures, e.g. ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, affinity chromatography, or the like, dependent on the type of peptide in question. The DNA sequence encoding the parent peptide may suitably be of genomic or cDNA origin, for instance obtained by preparing a genomic or cDNA library and screening for DNA sequences coding for all or part of the peptide by hybridisation using synthetic oiigonucleotide probes in accordance with standard techniques (see, for example, Sambrook, J, Fritsch, EF and Maniatis, T, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1989). The DNA sequence encoding the peptide may also be prepared synthetically by established standard methods, e.g. the phosphoamidite method described by Beaucage and Caruthers, Tetrahedron Letters 22 (1981), 1859 - 1869, or the method described by Matthes et al., EMBO Journal 3 (1984), 801 - 805. The DNA sequence may also be prepared by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers, for instance as described in US 4,683,202 or Saiki et al. , Science 239 (1988), 487 - 491. The DNA sequence may be inserted into any vector which may conveniently be subjected to recombinant DNA procedures, and the choice of vector will often depend on the host cell into which it is to be introduced. Thus, the vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, i.e. a vector which exists as an extrachromosomal entity, the replication of which is independent of chromosomal replication, e.g. a plasmid. Alternatively, the vector may be one which, when introduced into a host cell, is integrated into the host cell genome and replicated together with the chromosome(s) into which it has been integrated.
The vector is preferably an expression vector in which the DNA sequence encoding the peptide is operably linked to additional segments required for transcription of the DNA, such as a promoter. The promoter may be any DNA sequence which shows transcriptional activity in the host cell of choice and may be derived from genes encoding proteins either homologous or heterologous to the host cell. Examples of suitable promoters for directing the transcription of the DNA encoding the peptide of the invention in a variety of host cells are well known in the art, cf. for instance Sambrook et al., supra. The DNA sequence encoding the peptide may also, if necessary, be operably connected to a suitable terminator, polyadenylation signals, transcriptional enhancer sequences, and translational enhancer sequences. The recombinant vector of the invention may further comprise a DNA sequence enabling the vector to replicate in the host cell in question.
The vector may also comprise a selectable marker, e.g. a gene the product of which complements a defect in the host cell or one which confers resistance to a drug, e.g. ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, hygromycin or methotrexate.
To direct a parent peptide of the present invention into the secretory pathway of the host cells, a secretory signal sequence (also known as a leader sequence, prepro sequence or pre sequence) may be provided in the recombinant vector. The secretory signal sequence is joined to the DNA sequence encoding the peptide in the correct reading frame. Secretory signal sequences are commonly positioned 5' to the DNA sequence encoding the peptide. The secretory signal sequence may be that normally associated with the peptide or may be from a gene encoding another secreted protein.
The procedures used to ligate the DNA sequences coding for the present peptide, the promoter and optionally the terminator and/or secretory signal sequence, respectively, and to insert them into suitable vectors containing the information necessary for replication, are well known to persons skilled in the art (cf., for instance, Sambrook et al., supra).
The host cell into which the DNA sequence or the recombinant vector is introduced may be any cell which is capable of producing the present peptide and includes bacteria, yeast, fungi and higher eukaryotic cells. Examples of suitable host cells well known and used in the art are, without limitation, E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or mammalian BHK or CHO cell lines. The GLP-1 derivatives and analogues of the present invention may be prepared by methods known perse in the art. Thus, the polypeptide portion may be prepared by chemical synthesis using solid phase protein synthesis techniques, or using recombinant DNA techniques, and the GLP-1 peptide having attached thereto a lipophilic substituent may e.g. be prepared as described in PCT/DK97/00340.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be prepared by conventional techniques, e.g. as described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1985 or in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, 1995.
For example, the injectable compositions of the GLP-1 derivative of the invention can be prepared using the conventional techniques of the pharmaceutical industry which involves dissolving and mixing the ingredients as appropriate to give the desired end product.
According to one procedure, the GLP-1 derivative is dissolved in an amount of water which is somewhat less than the final volume of the composition to be prepared. An isotonic agent, a preservative and a buffer is added as required and the pH value of the solution is adjusted - if necessary - using an acid, e.g. hydrochloric acid, or a base, e.g. aqueous sodium hydroxide as needed. Finally, the volume of the solution is adjusted with water to give the desired concentration of the ingredients. A composition for nasal administration of certain peptides may, for example, be prepared as described in European Patent No. 272097 (Novo Nordisk A/S) or in WO 93/18785.
The present invention also relates to methods for producing a GLP-1 derivative of the present invention, comprising alkylating, acylating and/or amidating the corresponding GLP-1 analog. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which, however, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of protection. The features disclosed in the foregoing description and in the following examples may, both separately and in any combination thereof, be material for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.
EXAMPLES
The examples below illustrate the preparation of modified GLP-1 derivatives according to the present invention. In each case, the basic peptide to be modified may comprise amino acid residues 19-35 of GLP-1 as well as one or more additional desired N-terminal and/or C-terminal residues. The basic peptide may thus, by way of example, have amino acid residue 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 of GLP-1 at its N-terminal end and amino acid residue 36, 37 or 38 of GLP-1 at its C- terminal end. The peptide may of course also contain other modifications as described above.
The fol owing acronyms for commercially available chemicals are used:
DMF N,N-Dimethylformamide.
DCC N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
NMP N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
EDPA N-Ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine.
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid.
THF Tetrahydrofuran.
Pal-ONSu: Hexadecanoic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester.
Myr-Glu(ONSu)-OBut: Nα-Tetradecanoyl-L-glutamic acid α-t-butyl ester γ-2,5- dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester
Nα-alkanoyl-Glu(ONSu)-OBu' Nα-Alkanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid α-t-butyl-γ-2,5- dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl diester.
Nα-Pal-γ-Glu(ONSu)-OBul Nα-Hexadecanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid α-t-butyl-γ-2,5- dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl diester. Nα-Ste-γ-Glu(ONSu)-OBut : Nα-Octadecanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid α-t-butyl-γ-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-
1-yl diester.
Abbreviations:
PDMS: Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography amu: atomic mass units
General method A:
Synthesis of alkanoic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester:
To a solution of the alkanoic acid (34.7 mmol) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (4 g, 34.7 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitril (10 ml) was added a solution of DCC (7.15 g, 34.7 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (15 ml), and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The precipitated solid was filtered off and recrystallised from a mixture of n- heptane and 2-propanol. The precipitate was dried in vacuo for 16 h to give the title compound. Synthesis of Lys(Nε-alkanoyl)-peptide:
To a mixture of the desired parent peptide (5.9 μmol), EDPA (21 mg, 164 μmol), NMP (5.8 ml) and water (2.9 ml) was added a solution of the alkanoic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester (37 μmol), prepared as described above, in NMP (0.5 ml). The reaction mixture was gently shaken for 5 min at room temperature, and then allowed to stand for an additional 2 h at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by the addition of a solution of glycine (9.7 mg, 129 μmol) in water (97 μl). The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography using a cyanopropyl column (Zorbax 300SB-CN) and a standard acetonitril TFA system. The column was heated to 65°C and the acetonitril gradient is 0-100% for 60 minutes.
General method B:
Synthesis of Nα-alkanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid α-tert-butyl-γ-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) diester: A suspension of the alkanoic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester (16.2 mmol), prepared as described under General method A, (L)-glutamic acid α-tert-butyl ester (3.28 g, 16.2 mmol), DMF (268 ml) and EDPA (2.1 g, 16.2 mmol) was stirred for 64 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 ml). The resulting solution was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid (2x25 ml). The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in DMF (36 ml). The resulting solution was carefully added to a 10% aqueous solution of citric acid (357 ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and dried (MgSO4). The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude glutamic diester intermediate. To a mixture of the crude diester, N-hydroxysuccinimide (1.85 g, 16.1 mmol) and anhydrous DMF (25 ml) was added a solution of DCC (3.32 g, 16.1 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (15 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified on a silica gel column (40-63 μm) and eluted with a mixture of dichloromethane and acetonitril (1 :1) to give the title compound.
Synthesis of Lys(Nε-(γ-glutamyl(Nα-alkanoyl)))peptide
To a mixture of the desired parent peptide (4.2 μmol), EDPA (15.3 mg, 119 μmol), NMP (2 ml) and water (1 ml) was added a solution of Nα-alkanoyl-(L)-glutamic acid α-tert- butyl-γ-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yI) diester (12.7 μmol), prepared as described above, in NMP (135 ml). The reaction mixture was gently shaken for 5 min at room temperature and then allowed to stand for an additional 2 h at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by the addition of a solution of glycine (7 mg, 93 μmol) in water (698 μl). A 0.5% aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (42 ml) was added, and the resulting mixture was eluted onto a Varian 5g C8 Mega Bond Elut® cartridge, the immobilised compound was washed with 5% aqueous acetonitril (25 ml) and finally liberated from the cartridge by elution with TFA (25 ml). The eluate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography using a cyanopropyl column (Zorbax 300SB-CN) and a standard acetonitril/TFA system. The column was heated to 65°C and the acetonitril gradient is 0-100% for 60 minutes.
Example 1
Synthesis of Arg34,Lys26(Nε-(γ-glutamyl(Nα-tetradecanoyl))) GLP-1 (9-37). To a mixture of Arg^-GLP-I (9-37)-OH (22.4 mg, 7.1 μmol), EDPA (25.5 mg, 197 μmol), NMP (3.14 ml) and water (1.57 ml) was added a solution of Myr-Glu(ONSu)-OBu4 (10.8 mg, 21.2 μmol) in NMP (270 μl). The reaction mixture was gently shaken for 5 min., and then allowed to stand for an additional 2h at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by the addition of a solution of glycine (11.6 mg, 155 μmol) in water (116 μl). A 0.5% aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (67 ml) was added, and the resulting mixture eluted onto a Varian 5g C8 Mega Bond Elut®, the immobilised compound washed with 5% aqueous acetonitril (25 ml), and finally liberated from the cartridge by elution with TFA (25 ml). The eluate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue purified by column chromatography using a cyanopropyl column
(Zorbax 300SB-CN) and a standard acetonitril/TFA system. The column was heated to 65°C and the acetonitril gradient was 0-100% in 60 minutes. The title compound (2.3 mg, 9.2 %) was isolated, and the product was analysed by PDMS. The m/z value for the protonated molecular ion was found to be 3516.0 ± 3. The resulting molecular weight is thus 3515.0 + 3 amu (theoretical value 3515 amu).

Claims

1. A GLP-1 derivative of formula II
A - GLP-1(19-B) - X (II)
wherein
A is a peptide having the amino acid residues of GLP-1 (8-1 δ) or a fragment thereof;
B is an integer in the range of 35-45; and X is -OH, -NH2, or a C1-6 alkyl amide or C1-6 dialkyl amide group; or an analogue thereof; and wherein a lipophilic substituent (optionally via a spacer) is attached to at least one amino acid residue.
2. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 1 , wherein A is a peptide selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (δ-1δ), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11-18), GLP-1 (12-18), GLP-1 (13- 18), GLP-1(14-18), GLP-1(15-18), GLP-1(16-1δ), GLP-1 (17-18) and GLP-1(18).
3. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 2, wherein A is a peptide selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (δ-1δ), GLP-1 (9-18), GLP-1 (10-18), GLP-1 (11-18) and GLP-1 (12-18).
4. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 3, wherein A is GLP-1 (8-18).
5. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-4, wherein B is 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43 or 44.
6. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 5, wherein B is 36.
7. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 5, wherein B is 37.
8. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 5, wherein B is 38.
9. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -8, wherein up to fifteen, preferably up to ten amino acid residues have been exchanged with any α-amino acid residue.
10. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-9, wherein up to fifteen, preferably up to ten amino acid residues have been exchanged with any α-amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code.
11. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-10, wherein up to six amino acid residues have been exchanged with any α-amino acid residue which can be coded for by the genetic code.
12. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-11 , wherein: i) A is selected from the group consisting of GLP-1 (8-18), GLP-1 (9-18) and GLP-1 (10-18); and ii) B is 36, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34 and Lys36;
B is 37, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34, Lys36 and Lys37; or B is 38, and the parent peptide comprises one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Arg26, Arg34, Lys36 and Lys38.
13. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 1 which is of formula III
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Phe-
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Ile-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa (III) wherein
Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 9 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 10 is Gly or is deleted, Xaa at position 11 is Thr, Ala, Gly, Ser, Leu, lie, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 12 is Phe or is deleted,
Xaa at position 13 is Thr or is deleted,
Xaa at position 14 is Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 15 is Asp or is deleted, Xaa at position 16 is Val, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 17 is Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 18 is Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 19 is Tyr, Phe, Trp, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 20 is Leu, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, lie, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Xaa at position 21 is Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 22 is Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 23 is Gin, Asn, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 24 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 25 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Xaa at position 26 is Lys, Arg, Gin, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at position 27 is Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 30 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 31 is Trp, Phe, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 32 is Leu, Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Xaa at position 33 is Val, Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Met, Leu, He, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 34 is Lys, Arg, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at position 35 is Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Xaa at position 36 is Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His,
Xaa at position 37 is Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, Xaa at position 38 is Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 39 is Arg, Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 40 is Asp, Glu, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 41 is Phe, Trp, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 42 is Pro, Lys, Glu, or Asp, or is deleted, Xaa at position 43 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted,
Xaa at position 44 is Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, and
Xaa at position 45 is Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, or is deleted, or (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein (i) when the amino acid at position 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 is deleted, then each amino acid upstream of the amino acid is also deleted,
(ii) when the amino acid at position 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43 or 44 is deleted, then each amino acid downstream of the amino acid is also deleted, (Hi) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu, and
(iv) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
14. A GLP-1 derivative which is a derivative of an analog of GLP-1 (8-36), GLP-1 (8-37), GLP- 1 (8-38), or GLP-1 (8-39), comprising one or more of the following substitutions:
Ala at position 8 is substituted with Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Glu at position 9 is substituted with Asp or Lys,
Thr at position 11 is substituted with Ala, Gly, Ser, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Ser at position 14 is substituted with Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Val at position 16 is substituted with Val, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Ser at position 17 is substituted with Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, lie, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Ser at position 18 is substituted with Ser, Ala, Gly, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Tyr at position 19 is substituted with Tyr, Phe, Trp, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Leu at position 20 is substituted with Leu, Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, lie, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Glu at position 21 is substituted with Glu, Asp, or Lys, Gly at position 22 is substituted with Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Gin at position 23 is substituted with Gin, Asn, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Ala at position 24 is substituted with Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Arg, Glu, Asp, or Lys,
Ala at position 25 is substituted with Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Lys at position 26 is substituted with Arg, Gin, Glu, Asp, or His,
Glu at position 27 is substituted with Asp or Lys,
Ala at position 30 is substituted with Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Trp at position 31 is substituted with Phe, Tyr, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Leu at position 32 is substituted with Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Val at position 33 is substituted with Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Met, Leu, He, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Lys at position 34 is substituted with Arg, Glu, Asp, or His, Gly at position 35 is substituted with Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Arg at position 36 is substituted with Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, Gly at position 37 is substituted with Ala, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, Arg at position 38 is substituted with Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, and
Arg at position 39 is substituted with Lys, Glu, Asp, or His, or
(a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or
(c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein (i) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid,
(c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or
Glu, and
(ii) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
15. A GLP-1 derivative which is a derivative of an analog of GLP-1 (8-36), GLP-1 (8-37), GLP- 1(8-38), or GLP-1 (8-39), comprising the substitution of Ala at position 8 with Gly, Ser, Thr, Leu, He, Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys, wherein the derivative is optionally in the form of (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein
(i) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu, and
(ii) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
16. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 15, further comprising the substitution of Lys at position 26 with Arg.
17. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 15 or 16, further comprising the substitution of Lys at position 34 with Arg.
18. A GLP-1 derivative which is a derivative of an analog of GLP-1 (8-36), GLP-1 (8-37), GLP- 1(8-38), or GLP-1 (8-39), comprising the substitution of Lys at position 26 with Arg, wherein the derivative optionally in the form of (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein (i) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid, (c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu, and
(ii) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
19. A GLP-1 derivative which is a derivative of an analog of GLP-1 (8-36), GLP-1 (8-37), GLP- 1 (8-38), or GLP-1 (8-39), comprising the substitution of Lys at position 34 with Arg, wherein the derivative is optionally in the form of (a) a C-1-6-ester thereof, (b) an amide, C-1-6-alkylamide, or C-1-6-dialkylamide thereof and/or (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and wherein (i) a lipophilic substituent is attached optionally via a spacer to one or more of (a) the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid, (b) the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid,
(c) the ε-amino group of Lys, and/or (d) the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or
Glu, and (ii) the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one, two, three, four, five or six.
20. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 19, further comprising the substitution of Lys at position 26 with Arg.
21. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-20, wherein only one or two Lys are present.
22. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 21 , wherein only one Lys is present.
23. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-22, wherein Lys is at the carboxy-terminus.
24. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-23, wherein Glu or Asp is adjacent to Lys.
25. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-24, wherein the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is five.
26. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-24, wherein the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is four.
27. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-24, wherein the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is three.
28. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-24, wherein the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is two.
29. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-24, wherein the total number of different amino acids between the derivative of the GLP-1 analog and the corresponding native form of GLP-1 is one.
30. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13-29, wherein the amino acids at positions 37-45 are absent.
31. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13-29, wherein the amino acids at positions 38-45 are absent.
32. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13-29, wherein the amino acids at positions 39-45 are absent.
33. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-32, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, or Val.
34. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-33, wherein Xaa at position 9 is Glu.
35. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-34, wherein Xaa at position 11 is Thr.
36. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-35, wherein Xaa at position 14 is Ser.
37. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-36, wherein Xaa at position 16 is Val.
38. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-37, wherein Xaa at position 17 is Ser.
39. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-38, wherein Xaa at position 18 is Ser, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
40. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-39, wherein Xaa at position 19 is Tyr, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
41. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-40, wherein Xaa at position 20 is Leu, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
42. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-41 , wherein Xaa at position 21 is Glu, Lys, or Asp.
43. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-42, wherein Xaa at position 22 is Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
44. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-43, wherein Xaa at position 23 is Gin, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
45. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-44, wherein Xaa at position 24 is Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
46. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-45, wherein Xaa at position 25 is Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
47. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-46, wherein Xaa at position 26 is Lys, Glu, Asp, or Arg.
48. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-47, wherein Xaa at position 27 is Glu, Asp, or Lys.
49. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-48, wherein Xaa at position 30 is Ala, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
50. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-49, wherein Xaa at position 31 is Trp, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
51. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-50, wherein Xaa at position 32 is Leu, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
52. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-51 , wherein Xaa at position 33 is Val, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
53. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-52, wherein Xaa at position 34 is Lys, Arg, Glu, or Asp.
54. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-53, wherein Xaa at position 35 is Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
55. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-54, wherein Xaa at position 36 is Arg, Lys, Glu, or Asp.
56. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-55, wherein Xaa at position 37 is Gly, Glu, Asp, or Lys.
57. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 13 and 21-56, wherein Xaa at position 38 is Arg or Lys.
58. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
59. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (δ-37).
60. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 26 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
61. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
62. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
63. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
64. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
65. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
66. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
67. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, Xaa at position 38 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (3-3δ).
6δ. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position δ is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
69. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 36 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
70. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly or Val, Xaa at position 37 is Glu, Xaa at position 38 is Lys, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-3δ).
71. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-36).
72. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
73. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at positions 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
74. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 37- 45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (3-36).
75. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 38- 45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-37).
76. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 13, wherein Xaa at position 8 is Thr, Ser, Gly, or Val, Xaa at position 18, 23 or 27 is Lys, and Xaa at position 26 and 34 is Arg, each of Xaa at positions 39-
45 is deleted, and each of the other Xaa is the amino acid in native GLP-1 (8-38).
77. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-76 wherein three lipophilic substituents are present.
78. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-76 wherein two lipophilic substituents are present.
79. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-76 wherein one lipophilic substituent is present.
80. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-79, wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to the amino group of the N-terminal amino acid residue of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
81. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-80, wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to the carboxy group of the C-terminal amino acid residue of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
82. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-81 , wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to the carboxy group which is part of the R group of Asp or Glu of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
83. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-82, wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to an ε-amino group of Lys of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
84. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-83, wherein the lipophilic substituent(s) comprise from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 25 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms.
85. The GLP-1 derivative of any claims 1-84, wherein a lipophilic substituent is attached to an amino acid residue in such a way that a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent forms an amide bond with the ε-amino group of Lys of the parent GLP-1 peptide.
86. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-85, wherein the lipophilic substituent is attached to the parent GLP-1 peptide by means of a spacer.
87. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 86, wherein the spacer is an unbranched alkane α,ω- dicarboxylic acid group having from 1 to 7 methylene groups, preferably two methylene groups, which forms an amide bond with an amino group of the parent GLP-1 peptide and an amide bond with an amino group of the lipophilic substituent.
86. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 86, wherein the spacer is an amino acid residue except Cys or Met, or a dipeptide such as Gly-Lys.
89. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 88, wherein the ε-amino group of Lys of the parent GLP-1 peptide forms an amide bond with a carboxylic group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer, and an amino group of the amino acid residue or dipeptide spacer forms an amide bond with a carboxyl group of the lipophilic substituent.
90. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 86-89, wherein the spacer is γ-L-glutamyl.
91. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 86-89, wherein the spacer is β-L-asparagyl.
92. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 86-89, wherein the spacer is glycyl.
93. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 86-89, wherein the spacer is α-(γ-aminobutanoyl).
94. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 86-89, wherein the spacer is β-alanyl.
95. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-94, wherein the lipophilic substituent comprises a partially or completely hydrogenated cyclopentanophenathrene skeleton.
96. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-94, wherein the lipophilic substituent is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group.
97. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-94 wherein the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight-chain or branched fatty acid, preferably an acyl group of a straight-chain fatty acid.
98. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 97 wherein the acyl group is selected from the group comprising CH3(CH2)nCO-, wherein n is 4 to 38, preferably CH3(CH2)6CO-, CH3(CH2)8CO-, CH3(CH2)10CO-, CH3(CH2)12CO-, CH3(CH2)14CO-, CH3(CH2)16CO-, CH3(CH2)18CO-, CH3(CH2)20CO- and CH3(CH2)22CO-.
99. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 98 wherein the acyl group is tetradecanoyl.
100. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 98 wherein the acyl group is hexadecanoyl.
101. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-94 wherein the lipophilic substituent is an acyl group of a straight-chain or branched alkane α,ω-dicarboxylic acid.
102. The GLP-1 derivative of claim 101 wherein the acyl group is selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH2)mCO-, wherein m is from 4 to 38, preferably from 4 to 24, more preferably selected from the group comprising HOOC(CH2)14CO-, HOOC(CH2)16CO-, HOOC(CH2)18CO-, HOOC(CH2)20CO- and HOOC(CH2)22CO-.
103. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)pNH-CO(CH2)2CO-, wherein p is an integer of from 8 to 33, preferably from 12 to 28.
104. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)rCO-NHCH(COOH)(CH2)2CO-, wherein r is an integer of from 10 to 24.
105. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula CH3(CH2)sCO-NHCH((CH2)2COOH)CO-, wherein s is an integer of from 8 to 24.
106. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)uCH3, wherein u is an integer of from 8 to 18.
107. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-COCH((CH2)2COOH)NH- CO(CH2)wCH3, wherein w is an integer of from 10 to 16.
108. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)2CH(COOH)NH- CO(CH2)xCH3, wherein x is an integer of from 10 to 16.
109. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -84, wherein the lipophilic substituent with the attached spacer is a group of the formula -NHCH(COOH)(CH2)4NH-CO(CH2)2CH(COOH)NH- CO(CH2)yCH3, wherein y is zero or an integer of from 1 to 22.
110. The GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -109 which has insulinotropic activity, ability to decrease glucagon, ability to suppress gastric motility, ability to restore glucose competency to beta-cells, and/or ability to suppress appetite/reduce weight.
111. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 and a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or carrier.
112. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 111 , further comprising another antidiabetic agent.
113. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 112, wherein the antidiabetic agent is an insulin, more preferably human insulin.
114. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 112, wherein the antidiabetic agent is a hypoglycaemic agent.
115. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 111 , further comprising another antiobesity agent.
116. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 115, wherein the antiobesity agent is selected from the group consisting of leptin, amphetamin, dexfenfluramine, sibutramine, oriistat, CART agonists, NPY antagonists, orexin antagonists, H3-antagonists, TNF agonists, CRF agonists, CRF BP antagonists, urocortin agonists, β3 agonists, MSH agonists, CCK agonists, serotonin re- uptake inhibitors, mixed serotonin and noradrenergic compounds, 5HT agonists, bombesin agonists, galanin antagonists, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing compounds, glucagon, TRH agonists, uncoupling protein 2 or 3 modulators, leptin agonists, DA agonists (Bromocriptin, Doprexin), lipase/amylase inhibitors, PPAR modulators, PXR modulators and TR β agonists.
117. Use of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1 -110 for the preparation of a medicament which has a protracted profile of action relative to GLP-1 (7-37).
118. Use of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 for the preparation of a medicament with a protracted profile of action for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
119. Use of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 for the preparation of a medicament with a protracted profile of action for the treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
120. Use of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 for treating insulin resistance.
121. Use of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 for the preparation of a medicament with a protracted profile of action for the treatment of obesity.
122. A method of treating insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110 together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
123. A method of treating obesity in a patient in need of such a treatment, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a GLP-1 derivative of any of claims 1-110.
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US10786324B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2020-09-29 Covidien Lp Tissue stop for surgical instrument

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WO1999043705A1 (en) 1999-09-02
AU2610599A (en) 1999-09-15
JP2002508162A (en) 2002-03-19
WO1999043705A8 (en) 1999-10-14

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