EP1054095A2 - Flat textile material - Google Patents

Abstract

The textile fabric has components (12-18) to control its permeability, which are distorted by at least one environmental parameter. The permeable components (12-18) of the fabric work together to give passages through the material which are more or less opened or closed, and they can be of different materials and in different shapes. The control components (12-18) are of layers which ar joined together, of materials with an expansion behavior according to the environmental parameter. The control components can be capsules/microcapsules with an elastic shell, and a filling which alters its vol. according to the ambient temp. The capsule fil is a fluid with a boiling point of 20-50 degrees C and preferably 30 degrees C. The capsules are bonded to the fabric fibers by bonding agent. The textile fabric has a number of offset openings in the fabric layers under the control components, which can b shifted between open and closed settings. The two fabric layers are bonded together locally, such as by welding, and the layer s acts on the capsules which are embedded in openings in at least one of the two fabric layers. When the capsules are expanded, th fill the spaces in a woven fabric formed by fluid-permeable fibers. The control units can be material tongues (12-18), working with openings in the main fabric layer (20), which shroud the openings when fully extended. They can also be control filaments which extend through the fabric openings, composed of a number of fibers where at least some are distorted by an environmental parameter. The environmental conditions act on at least two fiber elements bonded together longitudinally and with different coefficients of longitudinal expansion. One filament element has a varnish coating, with a variable thickness round the filament circumference. Or the fibers which have a reaction to an environmental parameter are coated with a barrier layer, in a variable thickness round the circumference, and shrouds the fiber material at le partially against the ambient environment. The textile fabric is composed of warps and wefts, containing control filaments at le partially which alter their length according to at least one environmental parameter. The fabric can contain filling materials s as linseed oil varnish, cuprammonium, rubber or resin. The fabric has an embroidery, at least in part, where the control filamen are embroidered in place. At least part of the control element structure uses plastics monofilaments, and another part uses plas multifilaments, preferably both of the same material.

Description

The invention relates to a flat textile material according to the preamble of claim 1.

Textile materials can be used for permeability divide into three groups, namely permeable, impermeable and selectively permeable materials. As an example of a medium whose passage through a textile material to be considered is here chosen a fluid. Both fluid permeable (normal Tissue) as well as fluid impermeable (tissue with closed Pores) Textile materials have been around for a long time known. An example of a textile material that is selective is permeable to fluid, is a coating of Cotton or corresponding blended fabrics with PTFE, which is known under the brand name Gore-Tex.

The permeability of known textile materials is regardless of environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity. This prevents the permeability from being adjusted as a result of a change in such Environmental parameters. The independent of environmental parameters Pore size of a Gore-Tex fabric leads, for example to a compromise between the windproof and the Water vapor permeability of this material. At lower Outside temperature, it is desirable, however rather windproof textile material, i.e. with rather closed Pores to have while at higher outside temperatures a rather breathable, water vapor permeable textile material with rather larger open pores desirable is.

A textile material is intended by the present invention further developed according to the preamble of claim 1 be that its permeability depends on Environmental parameters is changeable.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a textile material with the features specified in claim 1.

By controlling the permeability of the textile material Elements are in the textile material according to the invention Openings or pores specified, the clear width changes depending on environmental parameters. Is the Environmental parameters such as temperature, so leave it e.g. Realize textile materials, their permeability itself with either rising or falling Temperature increased. An increase in permeability with increasing temperature e.g. in clothing, especially desirable for sports and casual wear. If a user's body temperature either through own effort or by rising outside temperature can increase due to the enlarging openings the breathability of such a textile material constructed clothing can be increased. A sinking one Permeability of a garment at elevated temperature can be used for therapeutic purposes, for example become.

Another example is the permeability of the textile material considered for light, so finds a textile material with decreasing light transmission with increased Temperature (or increased solar radiation) use for beachwear, umbrellas or textile material, that used as a cover for greenhouses can be.

For certain applications, it can also be advantageous that the permeability of the textile material starts out from a given temperature, both at an increase as well as a decrease in temperature enlarged relative to the specified temperature or reduced. Such textile materials can e.g. use as covers for industrial plants Find. A textile material, the permeability of which starting from a given temperature at both Temperature increase as well as decrease in temperature decrease, can e.g. the escape of vapors or other Prevent fluids that occur when there is a temperature deviation develop from a given process temperature. The reverse effect, which increases the permeability of the textile material both when the temperature rises and even with a decrease relative to a given one Temperature increases, can be used as a controllable filter chemical fractionation.

By using control element pairs according to claim 2 defined sizes of through openings are achieved, to a defined permeability characteristic to lead. Such a textile material comes e.g. then to Use when certain environmental parameters are present complete impermeability, e.g. a watertightness, is required so that all pores or openings defined until the passage width is zero.

In a textile material according to claim 3, the different Addressing the material-different controls exploited on one or more environmental parameters. An example of this is the use of controls made of materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. Materials with different materials can also be used Swelling behavior, i.e. different volume expansion e.g. depending on the air humidity, are used.

By designing the control elements according to claim 4 a change in environmental parameters also affects different on the different types of controls from what in turn is the permeability of the material influenced. With geometrically different control elements you can also make the textile material from just one build up single material, which simplifies production.

When executing the textile material according to claim 5 becomes an effect similar to a bimetal behavior exploited. By choosing the value of the environmental parameter, in which the material parameter dependent on the environmental parameters the environmental parameters work area of the textile material.

When the textile material is designed according to claim 6 can change the volume of the capsules / microcapsules Closing passage channels or openings in the Textile material can be used. As a filling prefers a liquid with high vapor pressure and a well elastic material is used as the elastic cover. A good elastic material is used here Material called that when it is used as a cover for a Capsule / microcapsule is used when the temperature rises an increase in diameter of 10 ° C such capsule / microcapsule e.g. a factor of 2 enables. Depending on the materials chosen for the cover and filling then the permeability characteristic of the textile material requirements to adjust.

A textile material according to claim 7 is preferably used, because then in the temperature range that for clothing relevant is a strong dependency of the vapor pressure on the temperature and therefore a sharp change in the Capsule / microcapsule diameter achieved by temperature becomes.

A sufficiently secure and inexpensive connection between the capsules / microcapsules and the fibers the formation of the textile material according to claim 8 achieved.

With a textile material according to claim 9 can a major change in permeability depending from an environmental parameter because of the size and the density of the openings varies within wide limits can be.

The training according to claim 10 leads to a Closing force that the material layers put against each other tries to be dependent on the environmental parameters expanding capsules / microcapsules must be overcome. Such a closing force ensures reversible Permeability control of the textile material. In addition the layers of material are securely connected to each other.

The textile material according to claim is preferred 11 executed. The ones intended for the capsules / microcapsules Recesses allow a tight abutment of the material layers when the capsules / microcapsules depending on environmental parameters, they have decreased so that they lie completely in the recesses.

The formation of the textile material according to claim 12 leads to the possibility of a basic fabric with a conventional Manufacturing process and then the Introduce capsules / microcapsules, which are then used for environmental parameters Permeability of the textile material to care. Depending on the thickness of the textile material used becomes on average from a certain capsule / microcapsule density and size a practically complete impermeability achieved if desired.

The training according to claim 13 can be one strong dependence of permeability on one or several environmental parameters. Combined with the fabric tongues can also be the one mentioned above Bimetal effect can be exploited.

By training according to claim 14 can be controllable fluid-permeable textile material relative manufacture inexpensively. Here is the main material layer Except for the openings in it essentially impermeable to fluids. The control thread can then e.g. temperature dependent expand or can be humidity dependent swell to close the openings.

The design of control elements according to claim 15 leads to the fact that the diameter of the control threads changes strongly depending on environmental parameters. Man can too a fabric made exclusively from such control threads build up. Then the gaps between the Control threads closed by changing their diameter or opened, which increases the permeability of the Textile material changes. Alternatively, it is e.g. possible such a control thread through openings in a main material layer to put through (see claim 14), so that these openings are then opened depending on environmental parameters or be closed.

When the fibers are formed according to claim 16 again the bimetal effect is used to make fibers deform.

This can also be done by designing the fiber Claim 17 happen.

In the training according to claim 18, no special property of the lacquer layer dependent on environmental parameters exploited, but their shielding effect in conjunction with an environmental parameter-dependent behavior of the fibers. So there are a number of other materials available a fiber a deformation dependent on the environmental parameters to lend.

The embodiment according to claim 19 can be used conventional weaving technology, the embodiment according Claim 20 manufacture with conventional knitting technology. In known knitting machines some, e.g. half of the threads fed are dependent on environmental parameters and the rest of the strings out essentially material independent of environmental parameters.

A control element according to claim 21 has the same Dimension one temperature and different from multifilament threads moisture-dependent expansion.

A textile material according to claim 22 is characterized by good wearing comfort. Will only be a material used, is also both the manufacture of the textile material simplified, as well as the problem occurring electrostatic charge reduced.

The invention based on exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Figur 1

eine stark vergrößerte Aufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt einer textilen Stoffbahn mit darin eingeschnittenen Stoffzungen;

Figur 2

einen Schnitt längs Linie II-II von Figur 1;

Figur 3

eine Aufsicht auf die Stoffbahn der Figur 1, nachdem diese einer erhöhten Temperatur ausgesetzt wurde;

Figur 4

einen Schnitt längs Linie IV-IV von Figur 3;

Figur 5

eine zu den Figuren 2 bzw. 4 ähnliche Darstellung einer zur Stoffbahn der Figuren 1 bis 4 ähnlichen Stoffbahn;

Figur 6

eine stark vergrößerte Aufsicht eines Ausschnitts einer textilen Stoffbahn nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 7

einen Schnitt durch die Stoffbahn der Figur 6 in einer Mittenebene, die parallel zur Oberfläche der Stoffbahn verläuft;

Figur 8

einen Schnitt gemäß Figur 7, bei dem die Stoffbahn der Figuren 6 und 7 auf eine erhöhte Temperatur gebracht wurde;

Figur 9

eine schematische und stark vergrößerte Schnittansicht senkrecht zur Oberfläche einer textilen Stoffbahn nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 10

eine stark vergrößerte und teilweise aufgebrochene Aufsicht eines Ausschnitts einer textilen Stoffbahn nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 11

einen Schnitt längs Linie XI-XI von Figur 10;

Figur 12

einen Schnitt gemäß Figur 11, bei dem die Stoffbahn der Figuren 10 und 11 auf eine erhöhte Temperatur gebracht wurde;

Figur 13

eine stark vergrößerte Ansicht eines Fadens für die Herstellung eines Gewebes;

Figur 14

eine Ansicht des Fadens nach Figur 13 bei einer niedrigeren Temperatur;

Figur 15

eine nochmals vergrößerte Ansicht eines Abschnitts einer einzelnen Faser, die Teil des Faserbüschels der Figuren 13 und 14 ist;

Figur 16

einen Abschnitt einer Faser nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 17:

eine stark vergrößerte Aufsicht eines Gewebe-Ausschnitts einer textilen Stoffbahn nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 18:

eine Aufsicht auf die Stoffbahn der Figur 17, nachdem diese einer erhöhten Temperatur ausgesetzt wurde; und

Figur 19:

einen Schnitt durch Figur 18 gemäß Linie XIX-XIX von Figur 18.

In this show:

Figure 1

a greatly enlarged top view of a section of a textile fabric web with incised fabric tongues;

Figure 2

a section along line II-II of Figure 1;

Figure 3

a plan view of the fabric of Figure 1 after it has been exposed to an elevated temperature;

Figure 4

a section along line IV-IV of Figure 3;

Figure 5

a representation similar to Figures 2 and 4 of a similar to the fabric of Figures 1 to 4 fabric;

Figure 6

a greatly enlarged plan view of a section of a textile fabric according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 7

a section through the fabric of Figure 6 in a central plane that is parallel to the surface of the fabric;

Figure 8

a section according to Figure 7, in which the fabric of Figures 6 and 7 has been brought to an elevated temperature;

Figure 9

is a schematic and greatly enlarged sectional view perpendicular to the surface of a textile fabric according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 10

a greatly enlarged and partially broken plan view of a section of a textile fabric according to a further embodiment of the invention;

Figure 11

a section along line XI-XI of Figure 10;

Figure 12

a section according to Figure 11, in which the fabric of Figures 10 and 11 has been brought to an elevated temperature;

Figure 13

a greatly enlarged view of a thread for the manufacture of a fabric;

Figure 14

a view of the thread of Figure 13 at a lower temperature;

Figure 15

another enlarged view of a portion of a single fiber which is part of the fiber bundle of Figures 13 and 14;

Figure 16

a portion of a fiber according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 17:

a greatly enlarged plan view of a fabric section of a textile fabric according to another embodiment of the invention;

Figure 18:

a plan view of the fabric of Figure 17 after it has been exposed to an elevated temperature; and

Figure 19:

a section through Figure 18 along line XIX-XIX of Figure 18.

The total in the drawing with the reference symbol 10 provided textile fabric is a flat structure made of a textile material for fluids, in particular Water and water vapor is poorly permeable. Such essentially fluid-tight textile materials are e.g. Textile fabric, the pores of which are filled with the appropriate material, e.g. Linseed oil pear, acrylic polymers, copper oxide ammonia, Rubber or resins.

The fabric of both this and the following embodiments can if the manufacturing process is not explicitly mentioned, both by a knitting and also be produced by a weaving process. Alternatively the fabric can also be a non-woven material, i.e. e.g. a felt, fleece, textile composite or also a slide.

The textile material shown in Figures 1 to 4 is in such a way that it increases when the temperature rises below the effect of a mechanical induced thereby Tension bends. Such mechanical tension will e.g., in analogy to a bimetal, through a composite structure the fabric web 10 from two layers together connected materials 11a, 11b (cf. the Enlarged section of FIG. 4) with different Thermal expansion coefficient achieved.

The section of the fabric web 10 shown in FIG. 1 has four fabric tongues 12, 14, 16, 18. The cloth tongue 16, representative of the others here, the same constructed tongues 12, 14 and 18 will be described, is a rectangular section of fabric attached to its in Figure 1 upper end with a main fabric layer 20 of the Fabric 10 is related. The three remaining pages the fabric tongue 16 are through cut surfaces 22, 24 and 26th limited. The fabric tongue 16 is essentially one rectangular U-shaped cut or punching process, which in the main fabric layer 20 was made, in which the cut surfaces 22 to in the fabric tongue 16 26 and in the main fabric layer 20 a total of 27 designated rectangular-U-shaped cut surface is.

As can be seen in combination with FIG the cut surface 24 through the main fabric layer 20 defined surface of the fabric 10 also.

The reason for such a supernatant is that at Tongues from a certain size ratio between Thickness and typical extension of the tongue at relative stiff textile material from the main fabric layer 20 once raised tongue 12 for steric reasons can no longer slide back into the main fabric layer. The fabric tongue 12 can also in the above-mentioned Cutting or punching process by temporary gluing lengthen a little on the cutting or punching tool the sliding back of the fabric tongue 12 into the main layer 20 is also made more difficult or prevented.

The cut surface 24 of the fabric tongue 12 lies in the 1 and 2 with the cutting surfaces 22, 26th and the underside 28 of the fabric tongue 16 on the latter adjacent areas of the main fabric layer 20 essentially close to. This is in the position shown of the material tongues 12 to 18, the material web 10 largely fluid-tight. Here openings 30 to 36 are closed. The opening 34 is representative of the same here constructed openings 30, 32 and 36 described. she is limited by the cut surface 27 of the main fabric layer 20 and through the underside 28 of the fabric tongue 16.

In Figures 3 and 4 is the fabric 10 of the figures 1 and 2 shown at elevated temperature.

When the temperature of the textile material increases Material web 10 stretches the material layer 11a of the Composite structure of the fabric web 10 (see FIG. 5) more than the material layer 11b. This causes them to bend Cloth tongues 12 to 18, which are a first type of controls to control the fluid permeability in the Specify fabric 10. The openings 30 to 36 of the main fabric layer 20, which is due to a not shown Edging the edge of the fabric 10 and due additional stabilizing on the main fabric layer 20 hardly any forces acting, even when the temperature rises bends form a second type of control in the Fabric 10.

As a result of the temperature increase, the Fabric tongues 12 to 18 in total, and the cut surface 24 stands out from the main fabric layer 20, as in FIG 4 can be seen. The cloth tongues 12 to 18 give the openings 30 to 36 depending on the size of the temperature increase more or less free.

The opening of openings 30 through 36 causes fluid can cross the fabric web 10.

Another embodiment that corresponds to that of the figures 1 to 4 is similar, will now be described with reference to Figure 5. The material properties of the textile material and the dimensioning of the fabric tongues are chosen that the fabric tongues 12 to 18 in the main fabric layer 20 can move into it.

Elements which correspond to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, have the same reference numerals and in FIG need not be described in detail again.

The fabric tongues 16, 18 of the fabric web 10 of Figure 5 are like those of Figures 1 to 4 by essentially rectangular U-shaped cuts in the main fabric layer 20 emerged. Different from the fabric 10 of Figures 1 and 2 are the fabric tongues 16, 18 in a temperature range in which no mechanical Tensions or other thermally induced forces act so in the main fabric layer 20 that the top or Undersides of the fabric tongues 16, 18 with those of the Main fabric layer 20 aligned. The cut surfaces lie here 22 to 26 of the fabric tongues 16, 18 of the cut surface 27 of the main fabric layer 20 substantially opposite.

When the temperature rises, the fabric tongues bend 16, 18 of Figure 5, from the surface of the main fabric layer 20 from. The fabric web 10 is then more permeable.

By choosing the temperature at which the material layers 11a, 11b are connected to one another (connection temperature), can have a fluid permeability characteristic the fabric 10 can be realized in which the Fluid permeability of the fabric web 10 both towards larger as well as enlarged to lower temperatures. When cooling below the connection temperature the tabs 12 to 18 are lifted off into the opposite direction than in Figures 2 and 4 at the temperature increase shown. In this case too the openings 30 to 36 are opened so that the fluid Web 10 can penetrate.

Is such a permeability characteristic with Increase in permeability below the connection temperature not desired, the latter is chosen so deeply that it depends on the material temperature when wearing the textile is not so far below that it increases permeability even at lower temperatures than the connection temperature comes.

Alternatively, through stops that are in the main fabric layer 20 are provided for each fabric tongue, bending the tongue after the second side (in Fig. 5 after left) can be prevented. Such a stop can e.g. already be given by the cut surface 27, as in the Figures 1 to 4 shown.

Further exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 6 to 18 described. Again, there are elements that those of correspond to embodiments already described, again with the same reference numerals.

The section of a fabric web 10 shown in FIG. 6 has a main fabric layer 20 made of a fluid-tight material with a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion. The section shown has four holes 38 to 44. A control thread 46 is one through holes 38 through 44 Zigzag seam is pulled through so that it is comparable through each hole 38 to 44 once.

The control thread 46 is made of one bad for fluid or non-permeable material made and compared with the main fabric layer 20 a high thermal Expansion coefficient. The control thread 46 and the Openings 38 to 44 form in this embodiment the two types of controls that control fluid permeability specify the fabric 10.

The sectional view of Figure 7 shows a section through the center plane of the fabric web 10 of FIG. 6. The diameter of the control thread 46 is for the fabric 10 in the representation of Figures 6 and 7 smaller than the diameter of the holes 38 to 44. Therefore, remains between the edges of holes 38 to 44 and the outer surface each of the control thread 46 essentially annular space. The distance of the control thread 46 from the edges of holes 38 to 44 is so large that fluid, e.g. Water or water vapor, through the gap can step through.

In Figure 8, the fabric 10 of Figures 6 and 7 shown at elevated temperature. The control thread 46 has been influenced by the elevated temperature extended, so that in particular its diameter has increased. As a result, the outer surface lies 48 of the control thread 46 now close to the edges of the openings 38 to 44 so that it is essentially fluid-tight are closed.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. There is a schematic and greatly enlarged a section perpendicular to the level of a fabric web 10 with fabric fibers 50 with a fluid-tight textile material low thermal expansion coefficient shown. The sectional view shows the in the upper section Fabric 10 at about 25 ° C.

Adheres to the outer surface 52 of the fabric fibers 50, such as in particular the enlarged detail of FIG. 9 is removed, via a binder 53, the outer surface 52 of the fabric fibers 50 covers a variety of Microcapsules 54. These are in the moist state of the Binder 53 on the fabric fibers coated with it 50 inflated.

The microcapsules 54 each comprise an envelope 56 elastic material and a filling 58 of liquid and steam of an alcohol / water mixture. The cover is for the contents of the capsule are impermeable.

When the temperature of the textile material increases, e.g. by Increasing the ambient temperature to 35 ° C increases the Vapor pressure of the filling 58, so that the elastic sleeve 56, similar to a balloon that is expanded thus the diameter of the microcapsule 54 is increased. Due to the elasticity of the sleeve 56 is that of the vapor pressure the filling 58 dependent enlargement or reduction of the microcapsules 54 reversible.

The diameter of the microcapsules 54 is in the upper illustration 9 small compared to the typical distance of the fabric fibers 50. Fluid can therefore by the between pass through the fabric fibers 50 remaining gaps and thereby pass the fabric web 10.

In the lower section of Figure 9 is a section of the Fabric 10 shown at elevated temperature. While the expansion of the fabric fibers 50 and also the Expansion of the gaps formed between them have not changed significantly, the diameter of the Microcapsules 54 clearly under the influence of temperature (in the representation increased by a factor 3). Thereby the diameter of the microcapsules 54 is now in the Magnitude of the gaps between the fabric fibers 50. The connecting channels running through these spaces between the surfaces of the fabric 10 therefore reduced by the microcapsules 54. It follows one that is less and less permeable to fluid as the temperature rises Fabric 10.

Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS Figures 10 to 12 shown. Here is fabric 10 from two flat layers of fabric on top of each other 10a, 10b with main fabric layers 20a, 20b, where the top fabric 10a broken away in some areas is, so that there the underlying fabric 10b is exposed.

The main fabric layers 20a, 20b consist of fluid-impermeable Material with preferably low thermal Expansion coefficients and are over in the drawing Welds, not shown, at the edges with one another welded. This, and by gravity, will affect the Fabric panels 10a, 10b perpendicular to their surfaces acting force so exerted that in the absence of further Actions lie flat against each other, as in Figure 11 shown.

The fabric layer 10b has a square grid arranged hemispherical depressions 60 which e.g. by embossing with an appropriately designed embossing cylinder can be generated. Stick in these wells Microcapsules 54 by means of a binder 61 with which the Surface of the recesses 60 was coated and on the microcapsules 54 in the moist state of the binder were inflated. The conditions at the boundary layer between a microcapsule 54 and the surface a depression 60 are comparable to those that in the enlarged detail of the embodiment of Fig. 9 are shown.

The microcapsules 54 are at the relatively low one 11 completely in the wells 60.

In FIG. 12, the fabric web 10 is compared to one shown at Figure 11 elevated temperature. Under the influence of the temperature increase has the diameter of the microcapsules 54 due to the increased vapor pressure tripled their gas filling. The so enlarged Microcapsules 54 now protrude above the surface out of the fabric layer 10b and press the two Fabric web layers 10a, 10b apart by a distance 62.

As can be seen in FIG. 10, the material web layers have 10a, 10b through openings 64a, 64b. The through openings 64a of the fabric web 10a opposite the through openings 64b of the fabric 10b so that they, as from the supervision of the figure 10 visible, do not overlap. The recesses 60 are equidistant around the circumference in a square grid of the through holes 64b.

The function of controllable in permeability Fabric 10 of Figures 10 to 12 is as follows:

The microcapsules 54 by increasing the temperature so enlarged that it covers the fabric layers 10a, 10b apart (e.g. line 62 in Figure 12), creates a variety of through channels in the Fabric web 10, since the through openings offset from one another 64a, 64b over the spaced apart Communicate fabric layers 10a, 10b. Fluid can then flow through the channels created Penetrate fabric 10.

When cooling, the microcapsules 54 shrink due to of the decreasing vapor pressure. The microcapsules 54 then become smaller, correspondingly the distance between the fabric layers 10a, 10b and thus also the Permeability of the fabric 10. Have the microcapsules 50 pulled back into the recesses 60, the material webs 10a, 10b are again tightly sealed to each other.

FIG. 14 shows a thread 66 which is used as the starting material for a controllable by temperature in the permeability Tissue can serve as an alternative to the control thread 46 in the embodiment of FIGS. 6 to 8 can be used. The thread 66 is of a variety composed of individual short fibers 68, which are special modified composite natural fibers or from impermeable Synthetic material can be made of composite fibers.

FIG. 15 shows a detailed view of such a fiber 68. It has a main fiber 70 and one thinner here control fiber 72 shown. The main fiber 70 and the Control fibers 72 are welded together in the longitudinal direction.

The control fiber 72 has a larger coefficient of thermal expansion on than the main fiber 70. At the temperature at which the main fiber 70 and the control fiber 72 were welded together, practice this no forces due to thermal length change towards each other so that a total essentially straight fiber 68 results. The so running Fibers 68 form the substantially smooth thread 66 of FIG Fig. 14.

The inside diameter of the thread 66 is less than that of the thread 66 shown in FIG. 13, the Temperature versus that of thread 66 of the figure 14 is increased. The control fiber 72 has in particular elongated in the longitudinal direction more than the main fiber 70, so that, similar to a bimetal, a curvature the fiber 68 has arisen. The consequence is that in Fig. 13 shown unraveling the thread 66 with an enlargement of the clear diameter.

If it is unraveled in this way, the thread 66 closes in one weave more the remaining between weft and warp Gaps or when it is used as a control thread 46 is used according to Figures 6 to 8, which there in the openings 38 to 44 of the fabric web 10, that a previously well fluid-permeable fabric sheet 10 less becomes fluid permeable.

In the case of a reduced compared to the welding temperature The temperature of the control fiber 72 contracts more than the main fiber 70, which also causes a bend fiber 68 and a fiber as shown in Fig. 13 he follows.

By choosing the temperature at the main thread 70 and control fiber 72 are welded together, can be analogous to the permeability characteristics of each other connected material layers 11a, 11b of the Figures 1 to 5 in a predetermined temperature working range with an increase in temperature either an increase or decrease in fluid permeability of such Fabric 66 having threads 66 according to FIGS. 6 to 8 can be realized depending on whether the welding temperature is below or above the temperature working range.

Another embodiment of a fiber 68 is shown in FIG 16. The fiber 68 here has a main fiber 70, which is provided with a layer of lacquer 74, which extends only over part of the fiber circumference.

The material of the lacquer layer 74 can differ from the material the main fiber 70 by its coefficient of thermal expansion differentiate. You then have a bimetallic one Structure that responds to changes in temperature. The Material can also differ from the material of the main fiber 70 differentiate by its swelling capacity in a moist environment. You then have a bimetallic structure that responsive to moisture changes. The material the lacquer layer 74 can also simply moisture lock so that moisture changes in the environment less to wear in the covered fiber areas come as in uncovered areas so that one again moisture-induced changes in shape of the main fiber 70 receives.

The aforementioned effects can also be used in combination to be one of both temperature and moisture permeability of a fabric to achieve.

Alternatively, the lacquer layer 74 can also extend over the scope of the Main fiber 70 distributed with different layer thickness be applied. This then also results in a temperature or humidity-dependent bimetal effect, as in connection with fiber 68 in Figures 13 to 15 described. The paint layer 74 takes over the role of control fiber 72.

Such an uneven application of the lacquer layer 74 can e.g. can be achieved in that the main fibers 70th after immersion in a liquid paint in horizontal Alignment can be hung freely so that the paint under gravitational influence prefers the Sheath portion of the main fiber 70 that collects the bottom is facing. After the paint layer 74 has dried then results in a fiber 68 with a stronger on one side Lacquer layer 74. The temperature or humidity dependent Expansion effects of the thicker lacquer layer side then predominate and lead to the above Bimetal effect.

In a further embodiment, the material tongues are also 12 to 18 of Figures 1 to 5 with such Paint layer, so that they alternatively or in addition to the temperature-dependent bend of a change in humidity and thereby make the fabric web 10 fluid permeable.

The fabric 10 of the other, in Figures 17 and 18 illustrated embodiment of the invention has warp threads 80 and weft threads 82.

At a first temperature of the fabric 10, which in Figure 17 is shown, form the warp threads 80 and the weft threads 82 are essentially tight for fluid Tissues, each between two adjacent Warp threads 80 and two crossing them, also neighboring Weft threads 82 remaining spaces 86 which essentially square in the view shown are exaggerated in the representation of Figures 17 and 18 are drawn large. The fabric panel 10 of Figure 17 is thus essentially fluid-tight.

The group of wefts 82 includes control wefts of which in Figures 17 and 18 a control weft 84 is shown. This is, in contrast to the others shown weft threads 82 and the warp threads 80 from one Material that is essentially unaffected by one Is environmental parameter change.

In Figure 18, the fabric web 10 is at a temperature shown, which is increased compared to that of Figure 17 is. Due to this temperature increase the Control weft 84 over the other threads in stretched its length. This creates the control weft 84 in the fabric of the fabric 10 each between two Warp threads 80 on either side of a third warp thread 80 are arranged, loops 88 made of nubs from protrude from the level of the fabric web 10. The sectional view from Figure 19 it can be seen that the loops 88 of the extended control weft 84 alternately after extend up and down. Because the loops 88 no longer lie directly on the warp threads 80, but between warp thread 80 and control thread 84 in A distance remains in the area of the loops 88, enlarged the fluid permeability of the fabric in the Surrounding spaces 86 in the neighborhood of the Loops 88. The fabric is then at the in Figure 18 shown temperature permeable to fluid.

The elongation of the control weft 84 can alternatively or additionally by swelling with increased humidity happen.

The control thread 46, the fiber 68 or the control thread 84 can be designed as a monofilament plastic fiber. Monofilament fibers differ from multifilaments both in their temperature and in their swelling behavior Fibers. This difference can of course also be done analogously take advantage of the multifilament control threads and the remaining textile material made from monofilament fibers are.

The textile material can also be designed as a stretch fabric his. By texturing synthetic fibers or by an analog method, e.g. for cotton, can various expansion parameters depending on the environmental parameters be achieved.

If the fabric web 10 is a knitted fabric, control threads can be used be knitted according to the type of control thread 84 by in a knitting machine, e.g. 24 threads at the same time knitted to make the knit fabric, some e.g. five of these 24 threads are designed as control threads, i.e. consist of a material whose coefficient of expansion is dependent on environmental parameters.

The controllable permeability of Fabric panels described as fluid permeability. It it goes without saying that this also means other permeabilities are included, e.g. the permeability for Light. You can e.g. Awning or the like manufacture that regardless of the intensity of the sun ensure a predetermined brightness under the awning.

Claims (22)

Flat textile material, especially for use as clothing, interlining or non-woven fabric, with a top and a bottom, characterized, that it is the permeability of the textile material controlling elements (30 to 36, 12 to 18; 38 to 44, 46; 50, 54; 64, 54; 84), which is characterized by at least one Environmental parameters are deformable. Textile material according to claim 1, characterized in that there are couples working together first (12th to 18; 46; 54; 84) and second (30 to 36; 38 to 44; 50; 64; 86) Includes controls that work against each other the environmental parameters are deformable to make a pass to release or close more or less. Textile material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the first (46; 54) and second (38 to 44; 50; 64) controls from different Material. Textile material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the first (12 to 18; 46; 54) and second (30 to 36; 38 to 44; 50; 64) controls are shaped differently. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controls (12 to 18; 54; 68) two connected Layers (11a, 11b; 56, 58; 70, 72; 70, 74) made of materials exhibit that differ in their from the environmental parameters differentiate dependent extent. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controls Capsules / microcapsules (54) with elastic Shell (56) and a filling (58), the volume of which Temperature change changes. Textile material according to claim 6, characterized in that the filling (58) of the capsules / microcapsules (54) a liquid with a boiling temperature between 20 to 50 ° C, preferably about 30 ° C. Textile material according to claim 6 or 7, characterized characterized in that the capsules / microcapsules (54) about a binder (53) is attached to fibers (50) of the material are. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that among the Controls Staggered Openings (64) are formed in two layers of material (20a, 20b) are that between a flat one on top of the other Locked position and a spaced open position are movable. Textile material according to claim 9, characterized in that the two layers of material (20a, 20b) in some areas interconnected, e.g. are welded. Textile material according to claim 9 or 10, characterized characterized in that the relative movement of the material layers (20a, 20b) manufacturing capsules / microcapsules (54) are arranged in depressions (60), which in at least one of the two layers of material (20a, 20b) is provided are. Textile material according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the capsules / microcapsules (54) the gaps in an expanded state Fiber fabric, which is preferred by a variety of fluid-permeable fabric fibers (50) are formed is essentially complete. Textile material according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that among the first controls Material tongues (12 to 18), which with the second control-forming openings (30 to 36) a main material layer (20) work together, the Material tongues (12 to 18) are dimensioned so that through them the openings (30 to 36) are closed when the Material tongues (12 to 18) are essentially stretched. Textile material according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that among the first controls Control threads (46; 66) are characterized by Openings (38 to 44) of a main material layer (20) extend. Textile material according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that under the controls Control threads (66) with a variety of fibers (68), at least some of the fibers (68) one dependent on the at least one environmental parameter Has deformation. Textile material according to claim 15, characterized in that the fibers (68), one of which Deformation dependent on at least one environmental parameter each have at least two fiber elements (70, 72; 70, 74) which are connected to one another in the longitudinal direction and are dependent on the environmental parameter Differentiate linear expansion. Textile material according to claim 16, characterized in that the one thread element is a lacquer layer (74) whose thickness in the circumferential direction of the fiber (68) varies. Textile material according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the fibers (68) on have a material that responds to environmental parameters and carry a barrier layer (74) on their outer surface, the thickness of which varies in the circumferential direction of the fiber (68) and which at least partially counteracts the fiber material shields the environmental parameter. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a tissue Warp threads (80) and weft threads (82), at least partially includes control threads (84), the length of which changes depending on at least one environmental parameter. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is at least in sections consists of a knitted fabric in which Control threads are knitted, the length of which depends changes from at least one environmental parameter. Textile material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the Control elements (46; 68; 84) as monofilament plastic threads is executed. Textile material according to claim 21, characterized in that another part of the controls (80, 82) is designed as a multifilament plastic thread, the multifilament and preferably the monofilament plastic threads consist of the same material.

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